University  of  California  •  Berkeley 


••so": 


Sketches  of  Colorado 


IN  FOUR  VOLUMES 


Being  An  Analytical  Summary  and  Biographical 

History  of  the 


STATE  OF  COLORADO 


As  portrayed  in  the  lives  of  the  pioneers, 
the  founders,  the  builders,  the  states- 
men, and  the  prominent  and  pro- 
gressive citizens  who  helped 
in  the  development  and 
history  making  of 
Colo  rad  o 


VOLUME 


ILLUSTRATED 


PUBLISHED  BY 


The  Western  Press  Bureau  Company 

DENVER,   COLORADO 

1911 


Copyrighted    by 

THE   WESTERN   PRESS    BUREAU   COMPANY 
1911 


WILL  C.  FERRIL.  A.  M.  EDITOR 

Curator  of  the  State  Historical  and  Natural  History  Society  of  Colorado,  1896-1910 
and  Secretary  of  the  Colorado  Academy  of  Science,  1898-1909. 


Press    of 

THE  AMERICAN  PRINTING   AND  PUBLISHING  CO. 
Denver,  Colorado 


DEDICATION 

TO   the  pioneers    of    Colorado, 
"Who    Builded  Better   Than 
They  Knew". 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 


P  R  E  F  A  C  E 


trict  adherence  has  been  had  in  the  publication  of  this 
work,  to  its  primary  purpose,  namely,  the  production  of  an 
analytical  summary,  and  biographical  history  of  Colorado. 
The  history  will  be  found  to  be  more  complete  than  any  pre- 
vious history  so  far  published  and,  to  better  conserve  the  pur- 
pose for  which  it  has  been  prepared,  it  has  been  written  in 
narrative  form.  In  every  feature  of  the  book,  accuracy,  above 
all  things  else,  has  been  striven  for.  In  the  biographical 
sketches  much  historical  data  naturally  appears.  These 
biographies  have  not  been  prepared  with  a  view  to  praising 
nor  of  inflicting  adulation  upon  the  subjects  thereof,  but 
have  been  written  in  as  concise  and  concrete  form  as  was  pos- 
sible, and  accuracy  of  detail  has  been  the  key  note. 

It  is  not  claimed  for  this  history  that  every  detail  in  Colo- 
rado1 s  up-building  has  been  covered  therein,  but  all  the 
leading  events  and  salient  points  relative  to  the  progress  of 
the  state  are  presented.  With  regard  to  the  first  chapters 
of  the  history,  treating  of  the  period  before  the  advent  of  man, 
the  deductions  therein  contained  have  been  arrived  at  by  ap- 
plying scientific  principles  to  that  which  has  been  previously 
treated  with  in  history,  and  the  result  thereof  is  set  forth 
as  an  entertaining  story.  All  of  the  facts  which  pertain  to 
the  periods  from  and  after  the  explorer's  advent  are  authenti- 
cated and  succinctly  stated  in  chronological  order. 

THE  WESTERN  PRESS  BUREAU  CO. 


History  of  Colorado 


CHAPTER  I.  r 

Physical  Features— The  Colorado  Islands  of  the  Ancient  Ocean. 


HE  history  of  Colorado  be- 
gins with  the  geological  story 
of  a  strip  of  land,  or  cluster 
of  islands,  which  comprised 
an  eastern  group  of  the  west- 
ern archipelago  of  the  old 

Paleozoic    Ocean    of    North 

America.  Linked  with  these 
islands  was  land  extending  northward  into 
Wyoming,  and  also  to  the  south,  into  New 
Mexico.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  continent, 
the  Archaean  rocks,  the  oldest  known  to 
science,  had  been  upheaved  in  the  region  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  river  and  the  Great  Lakes,  in 
a  hook  or  V  shaped  form,  exposing  a  large 
area,  one  arm  or  branch  of  which  extended 
northeast  into  Labrador,  and  the  other  and 
larger,  bending  northwest  to  the  Arctic 
Ocean.  This  land,  also  known  as  the  Lauren- 
tian  Hills,  is  supposed  by  some  to  have  been 
the  first  to  appear  above  the  surface  of  the 
great  deep. 

If  not  at  the  same  time — and  it  is  well  to 
remember  that  "Archaean"  means  "begin- 
ning"— at  least  contemporary  with  these  an- 
cient islands  from  which  Colorado  was  formed, 
there  had  appeared  in  the  east,  also,  other 
islands  corresponding  with  the  Adirondacks 
and  the  Appalachians;  while  to  the  west,  was 
another  strip,  or  islands,  along  the  line  of  the 
present  Sierra  Nevadas.  Between  these  is- 
lands of  the  east,  and  those  of  the  west,  ex- 
tended the  Paleozoic  Ocean,  covering  the 
Mississippi  valley,  and  the  entire  continent, 
with  the  exception  of  the  exposed  surface  de- 
scribed. These  primordial  Colorado  islands — 
so  named  for  convenience — extended  more  or 
less  in  a  line  with  the  present  continental 
crest,  and  the  waters  of  this  old  ocean,  still 
covered  the  site,  where  Denver  now  stands. 

The  Archaean  time  or  age,  the  first  in 
geological  history,  was  lifeless.  It  was  with- 
out flora  or  fauna,  but,  it  has  been  claimed, 
there  was  a  diminutive  form  of  life  in  the  lat- 
ter part  of  that  age.  Hence  some  would  di- 
vide the  Archaean  into  two  periods;  first, 
the  Azoic,  meaning  without  life;  second,  the 


Eozoic,  thus  named  for  the  eozoon,  the  "dawn 
animal,"  although  some  deny  that  it  had  or- 
ganic structure.  The  Paleozoic  time  or  age, 
which  followed  the  Archaean,  begins  the  au- 
thentic "life  story"  as  told  in  the  rocks.  It 
is  divided  into  the  Cambrian  and  Silurian,  the 
age  of  invertebrates,  the  Cambrian  being  more 
transitional  in  character;  the  Devonian,  the 
third  period,  the  age  of  Fishes;  and,  the 
fourth  and  last,  the  Carboniferous,  or  the  age 
of  Coal  Plants. 

Now,  apply  this  geological  condition  to 
these  ancient  Colorado  islands,  already  de- 
scribed as  they  appeared  on  the  earth's  sur- 
face, at  the  opening  of  the  Paleozoic  age. 
They  were  simply  islands  of  Archaean  rock, 
which  consisted  of  granite,  quartzites,  gneisses, 
and  those  mostly  of  crystalline  structure. 
They  were  barren,  desolate,  lifeless.  Proba- 
bly there  was  little,  if  any  sunlight,  for  it  was 
but  the  dawn,  in  the  beginning.  There  was 
no  climate  as  now  known,  for  continents  had 
not  been  formed,  nor  the  great  mountain 
ranges  upheaved.  The  atmosphere  was  hum- 
id. Vapors,  storm  clouds  and  tempests,  with 
the  torrential  rains,  shut  out  the  sun's  rays. 
Warm  or  highly  heated  waters  beat  upon  the 
rock  bound  coast.  Nothing  lived  to  crawl, 
creep,  walk,  or  fly  along  its  desolate  shores. 
There  grew  not  a  tree,  plant,  shrub,  nor 
flower.  No  fish  nor  living  thing,  glided 
through  the  waters,  nor  even  a  seaweed  floated 
in  its  eddies.  Nothing  died — there  was  no 
life.  This  was  the  beginning  of  Colorado  in 
that  ancient  ocean — probably  millions  of 
years  ago.  It  was  a  lifeless  sameness, 
shrouded  in  gloom  and  darkness.  Great 
bodies  of  iron  accompanied  the  archaean 
rocks,  and  as  the  precious  metals  were  stored 
from  that  age,  and  until  the  Tertiary,  the 
foundation  for  our  mining  industry  was  laid 
in  those  Colorado  islands  "of  the  long  ago," 
but  not  until  ages  after,  was  coal,  their  hand- 
maid in  the  industries  of  man,  formed  and 
hid  away  for  future  use. 

The  Cambrian,  Silurian,  and  Devonian 
rocks,  as  found  in  Colorado,  tell  but  little  of 


life  during  these  first  three  periods  of  the 
Paleozoic.  But,  from  similar  rocks,  either 
more  advantageously  or  freely  exposed,  in 
contiguous  regions  of  the  west,  together  with 
the  meager  information  afforded  by  the  same 
in  Colorado,  the  story  of  the  development  of 
life  on  these  islands  may  be  told  with  reason- 
able assurance.  There  were  the  lowly  and 
humble  beginnings  of  invertebrate  and  plant 
life.  Crustaceans  and  mollusks  could  now 
be  found.  There  were  sponges,  sea  worms, 
trilobites,  star  fish,  and  kindred  forms.  The 
trilobites  had  eyes  with  which  "to  see"  and 
the  sun's  rays  must  have  been  piercing  the 
darkness  of  the  waters  for  these  new  creatures. 
It  was  the  beginning  of  the  now  famous  Colo- 
rado sunshine.  Animal  life  was  aquatic, 
but  probably  club  mosses  represented  land 
plants.  Such  were  conditions  through  the 
Cambrian  and  the  Silurian.  With  the  De- 
vonian, that  followed,  and  known  as  the  age 
of  Fishes,  the  life  line  is  but  dimly  told  in 
Colorado,  as  the  rocks  of  that  age  are  but 
little  represented  in  this  state.  It  was  the 
beginning  of  the  vertebrates.  It  is  reason- 
able to  suppose  that  fishes,  covered  with 
bony  scales  and  plates,  and  Devonian  sharks, 
infested  these  islands,  with  myriads  of  other 
forms  of  animal  life.  Verdure  had  now  come 
to  these  once  barren  rocks.  Ferns,  conifer- 
ous trees,  and  other  forms  of  vegetation  glad- 
dened the  lansdcape,  the  beginning  of  the 
luxuriant  growth  of  the  Carboniferous  age. 
The  rains,  and  unknown  streams,  had  been 
eroding  and  cutting.  Detrition  was  aiding 
botanical  growth.  Land  was  changing  and 
extending,  and  at  times,  these  islands  may 
have  been  united,  and  then  again  separated 
by  straits.  But  during  upheaval  and  subsi- 
dence that  came  with  the  ages,  it  is  not  proba- 
ble that  all  of  the  original  masses  first  thrown 
up,  were  ever  submerged  at  one  time,  as 
shown  by  the  debris  that  has  accumulated. 
Colorado,  once  above  the  waves,  had  come 
to  stay. 

.The  Carboniferous,  the  last  of  the  Pale- 
ozoic age,  is  more  liberally  represented  in  the 
Colorado  rocks,  than  the  preceding  periods. 
There  is  a  paucity  of  coal  in  the  true  coal 
strata.  The  Cretaceous  period  which  came 
later,  corresponds  with  the  Carboniferous 
age  in  the  Appalachians  in  the  east,  for  coal 
making  in  the  west.  Nevertheless,  during 
the  Carboniferous  period,  which  was  largely 
marine  in  the  west,  the  Colorado  islands  were 
filled  with  swamps,  and  rank  vegetation, 
and  there  was  some  coal  making.  Reptiles 
now  appeared,  and  there  were  changes  in 
animal  life,  hitherto  aquatic,  to  amphibious 
and  land  species.  The  Devonian  fishes  had 
foreshadowed  the  coming  of  reptilian  life,  and 
the  marshes  of  the  Carboniferous  age  afforded 


conditions  most  favorable  to  their  develop- 
ment and  growth,  but  they  did  not  reach 
their  culmination  until  a  later  age.  This 
period  closed  with  the  great  plains  of  the  west 
still  under  water. 

The  Paleozoic  was  followed  by  the  Meso- 
zoic  time  or  age,  which  is  divided  into  three 
periods;  first,  the  Triassic;  second,  the  Ju- 
rassic; third,  the  Cretaceous.  It  was  the 
great  age  of  reptiles,  in  the  evolution  of  life. 
Mesozoic  means  the  "middle-life,"  as  the 
Paleozoic  typified  the  "ancient  life"  of  the 
earth.  These  two  ages  or  time  epochs,  were 
followed  by  the  Cenozoic,  meaning  "recent 
life,"  culminating  with  man. 

The  Mesozoic  age  not  only  witnessed  the 
zenith  of  reptilian  life  but  the  marvelous  de- 
velopment of  continent  making  in  north 
America.  In  the  Triassic,  the  Appalachian 
system,  more  commonly  known  as  the  Alle- 
ghany  Mountains,  which  had  already  been 
slowly  rising,  was  upheaved,  and  large  areas 
raised  east  of  the  Mississippi  river.  In  the 
Jurassic  that  followed,  being  the  second  per- 
iod of  the  Mesozoic,  the  Sierra  Nevadas  were 
thrown  up.  Great  ranges  on  the  Atlantic 
and  the  Pacific  slopes  were  born,  but  still 
there  were  no  Rocky  Mountains.  The  Colo- 
rado islands  were  still  surrounded  by  an  in- 
land sea.  It  was  in  the  latter  part  of  the  Cre- 
taceous, which  succeeded  the  Jurassic,  and 
in  the  Tertiary,  the  first  period  of  the  Ceno- 
zoic, that  the  Rocky  Mountains  were  up- 
raised. As  the  Quatenary,  or  the  Age  of 
Man  followed  the  Tertiary,  the  Colorado 
land  remained  as  islands  from  that  uncounted 
and  countless  time,  when  the  waves  of  the 
Paleozoic  Ocean  washed  its  rocky,  barren 
shores,  until  within  one  period  of  the  era  when 
man  came.  In  a  geological  sense,  the  Colo- 
rado islands  had  a  maritime  ambition.  Had 
it  been  realized?  Let  historians  speculate 
on  the  possible  effect  of  her  fleets,  commerce, 
and  navies. 

In  the  Triassic,  reptiles  continued  their 
marvelous  development.  In  marshes  and 
shallow  seas,  they  thrived,  and  dominated 
the  animal  kingdom;  reached  their  culmi- 
nation in  the  Jurassic,  and  began  to  decline 
and  disappear  in  the  Cretaceous.  In  the 
Colorado  islands  there  were  some  insects, 
and  mammals  were  represented  by  marsupials. 
The  monsters  of  the  Mesozoic  were  the  Dino- 
saurs, their  remains  being  especially  abundant 
in  the  exposed  Jurassic  of  Colorado  and 
Wyoming.  These  huge,  uncouth  creatures, 
the  largest  known  to  have  existed  on  the  earth, 
herbivorous  and  carnivorous,  were  reptilian 
beasts  of  enormous  bulk,  but  with  small 
cranial  capacity.  It  is  reasonable  to  suppose 
that  similar  terrible  creatures  of  this  age, 
whose  remains  are  found  in  Wyoming  and 


—2— 


Kansas,  and  contiguous  regions  to  Colorado, 
were  also  associated  with  those  monsters  that 
once  lived  in  this  state.  No  more  wonder- 
ful story  of  animal  life  is  told  by  the  rocks 
than  is  here  revealed  by  geology.  The  Cama- 
rasaurus,  a  gigantic  dinosaur,  eighty  feet  long, 
more  than  sixteen  feet  high  at  the  hips, 
weighing  90,000  pounds,  obtained  in  southern 
Wyoming,  has  been  mounted  and  placed  in 
the  Museum  of  Natural  History,  in  New  York 
City.  Another  huge  animal  of  this  species, 
130  feet  long,  and  thirty  feet  high  at  the  hips, 
has  been  discovered.  Colossal  remains  of 
dinosaurs  have  been  found  especially  in  Colo- 
rado and  Wyoming.  Strange  and  uncanny 
creatures  abounded.  The  Ichthyosaurus  was 
a  lizard-fish  thirty  to  forty  feet  long.  There 
was  a  Pterodactyl,  a  flying  lizard,  with  bat- 
like  wings,  that  measured  twenty-five  feet 
between  the  tips  of  the  wings.  The  Moro- 
saurus,  with  paddle  appendages,  was  the 
longest  reptile  known.  There  were  monster 
crocodiles,  and  turtles  fifteen  feet  across. 
Reptile  birds  were  becoming  more  bird  than 
reptile.  Huge  devouring  sharks,  more  than 
100  feet  long,  lived  in  the  waters  of  adjacent 
seas.  The  Colorado  islands  were  teeming 
with  life,  and  from  the  size  and  nature  of  the 
wonderful  and  gigantic  beasts,  there  must 
have  been  a  ferocious  struggle  for  existence 
on  land,  in  the  rivers,  lakes  and  marshes,  and 
surrounding  sea.  Vegetation  was  beginning 
to  reveal  more  modern  types.  The  "Red 
Beds"  of  the  Triassic  are  much  used  in  Colo- 
rado for  building.  They  are  of  common  occur- 
ence,  and  form  one  of  the  attractive  features 
in  the  Garden  of  the  Gods.  The  Cretaceous 
period  was  especially  bountiful  in  storing 
away  immense  quantities  of  coal  in  this  state. 
The  Cenozoic  time  or  age,  meaning  "  re- 
cent life,"  the  last  of  the  grand  geological 
divisions,  came  next,  and  is  divided  into  two 
periods;  first,  the  Tertiary;  second  the 
Quaternary  or  Post-Tertiary  in  which  man 
made  his  appearance.  In  the  Tertiary,  the 
Colorado  islands  became  a  part  of  the  main 
land,  and  the  Rocky  Mountains  continued 
their  formation,  during  which  many  of  the 
rich  fissure  veins  of  the  precious  metals  were 
made  in  Colorado,  adding  their  store  to  the 
mineral  wealth  that  had  been  accumulating 
during  the  ages.  The  first  division  of  the 
Tertiary  is  known  as  the  Eocene,  meaning 
"dawn"  or  "daybreak"  plus  "recent."  That 
is,  the  types  of  the  animal  and  botanical 
kingdoms  were  approximating  those  that  ex- 
ist at  the  present  time;  as  the  old  Paleozoic 
in  its  meaning,  stood  for  the  early  or  first 
life  on  the  earth.  During  the  Eocene,  Colo- 
rado abounded  with  great  fresh  water  lakes. 
There  were  dense  forests.  Had  man  then 
lived  in  this  region,  it  would  have  been  a 


sportsman's  paradise,  and  down  through  the 
Oligocene,  Miocene,  and  Pliocene,  the  last 
three  of  the  four  divisions  of  the  Tertiary. 
There  was  the  Coryphodon,  allied  to  the  tapir 
and  rhinoceros,  and  of  enormous  bulk;  the 
Dinoceras  of  elephantine  size,  with  three 
pairs  of  horns  on  the  head,  and  with  power- 
ful tusks  curving  downward  and  backward; 
other  huge  beasts  of  tapir  and  rhinoceros 
like  form;  Tillodonts,  known  as  the  "gnawing 
hogs,"  not  hogs,  but  mammals  with  power- 
ful incisors  like  the  rodents;  horses  of  the 
earliest,  and  later,  like  the  modern  type; 
the  gigantic  two-horned  brototherium,  a  kins- 
man of  the  tapir  and  rhinoceros;  beavers, 
making  their  first  appearance;  monkeys  and 
rodents;  and  a  queer  animal,  the  Oreodon, 
related  to  the  camel,  deer  and  hog.  In  the 
Pliocene,  the  closing  of  the  Tertiary,  came  the 
first  mastodon,  and  associated  with  it  were 
the  elephant,  rhinoceros,  camel,  horse,  deer, 
tiger,  with  others  of  the  feline  family,  all  near- 
ing  the  present  type  of  those  that  survived. 
While  these  animals  roamed  the  plains,  val- 
leys and  plateaus,  or  in  the  forests  along  the 
rivers  and  lakes,  the  Rocky  Mountains  were, 
at  times,  in  violent  eruption,  and  volcanoes 
were  belching  forth  their  fiery  fluids.  These 
animals  either  became  inured  to  the  terrible 
convulsions  which  then  must  have  shaken  this 
region,  or  lived  terror  stricken  at  the  dangers 
which  threatened.  The  Florissant  beds  of 
Colorado  tell  the  story  of  the  wonderful  plant 
and  insect  life  that  prevailed  towards  the 
middle  of  the  Tertiary. 

Now  comes  the  Quaternary — the  age  of 
Man — with  its  three  divisions;  first,  Glacial; 
second,  Champlain;  third,  Recent.  The 
mammoth,  which  had  appeared  a  little  earlier, 
the  rhinoceros,  horse,  and  camel,  all  lived  in 
Colorado  at  the  close  of  the  Glacial,  but  be- 
fore the  second  glacial,  so  called,  they  dis- 
appeared and  later  other  species  took  their 
place.  The  Quaternary  opens  with  the  Gla- 
cial Epoch,  when  the  northern  part  of  the 
United  States  was  invaded  by  a  great  ice 
crust  or  glacier  from  the  Arctic  region.  Mo- 
raines, boulder  drift,  and  other  indications  tell 
the  story  of  its  work  in  Colorado.  After  the 
ice  age,  and  the  changes  in  the  Champlain, 
and  the  Recent  in  the  terrace  making  by  the 
rivers,  Colorado  was  evolved  as  known  to 
man — but  just  as  to  when  man  appeared — 
there  are  different  opinions.  Cope,  Marsh, 
and  Le  Conte,  with  others,  have  been  promi- 
nent in  the  study  of  the  fossils  of  this  region. 

After  the  geological  work  of  the  ages,  Colo- 
rado now  has  the  following  physical  features, 
which,  in  their  natural  divisions  are,  moun- 
tains, plateaus,  and  plains.  The  Rocky 
Mountains,  a  part  of  the  great  Cordilleran 
system,  is  composed  of  several  ranges  which 


occupy  the  central  or  middle  third  of  the  state. 
The  Sawatch  Range,  with  the  waters  of  its 
western  slope  flowing  to  the  Pacific,  and  the 
eastern,  draining  its  waters  to  the  Atlantic, 
forms  the  Continental  Crest  or  Divide  in 
Colorado,  Extending  northward  from  Sagua- 
che  county  to  the  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross, 
it  includes  Mt.  Elbert,  14,436  feet  high,  and 
now  said  to  be  the  highest  mountain  in  Colo- 
rado; Mt.  Massive,  near  Leadville;  Mt. 
Shavano;  the  College  Peaks  —  Princeton, 
Harvard  and  Yale.  The  Front  range,  also 
known  as  the  Colorado  Range,  is  the  most 
eastern,  bordering  on  the  edge  of  the  great 
plains.  It  extends  from  Wyoming,  and 
passes  just  west  of  Denver,  reaching  to  the 
Pikes  Peak  region,  where  are  clustered  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Colorado  City,  and  Manitou, 
and  then  to  Cripple  Creek.  It  has  many 
peaks  reaching  an  elevation  of  more  than 
14,000  feet,  and  among  them  are  those  bear- 
ing the  historic  names  of  Long,  Gray,  Evans, 
Torrey,  and  Pike.  The  Park  Range,  west 
of  the  Front  Range,  and  running  parallel 
with  the  Sawatch  from  15  to  20  miles  east 
of  the  latter,  also  enters  Colorado  from  Wyo- 
ming, reaching  to  the  Arkansas  Hills,  a  few 
miles  west  of  Cripple  Creek.  Bross,  Lin- 
coln, Sherman,  Sheridan  and  other  peaks  of 
this  range,  reach  an  elevation  of  more  than 
14,000  feet.  The  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range 
dividing  the  San  Luis  and  Wet  Mountain 
Valleys,  extends  from  the  Arkansas  river  into 
New  Mexico.  Sierra  Blanca,  once  considered 
the  highest  in  Colorado,  and  Humbolt,  and 
Crestone  are  peaks  of  this  mountain  system 
that  exceed  an  altitude  of  14,000  feet.  The 
Wet  Mountains  in  Custer  and  Fremont  coun- 
ties are  about  20  miles  east  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo.  The  San  Juan  Mountains,  commonly 
called  the  "Switzerland"  of  America,  and 
forming  the  southern  part  of  the  Continental 
Crest,  are  situated  in  southwestern  Colo- 
rado. Railroads  encircle  these  mountains, 
thread  their  canons  and  reach  timber  line, 
but  here  is  a  range,  which  the  iron  horse  has 
never  crossed.  Among  the  peaks  of  these 
mountains  over  14, 000 feet,  are  Uncompahgre, 
Eolus,  Simpson,  Red  Cloud,  Sneffles,  Stewart 
and  San  Luis.  The  San  Miguel  Mountains, 
a  near  group  of  the  San  Juan,  contain  the 
famous  Lizard  Head.  The  Elk  Mountains, 
the  Medicine  Bow,  Snowy  Range,  Gore 
Range,  Rabbit  Ear  Range,  La  Plata  Moun- 


tains, Eagle  River  Mountains,  and  other 
ranges  are  included  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
that  extend  through  Colorado.  East  of  the 
Front  range,  extend  the  Great  Plains  to  the 
borders  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska,  while  the 
western  part  of  the  state,  reaching  to  Utah, 
is  broken  into  plateaus,  valleys,  and  hilly 
regions. 

The  park  systems  of  Colorado  include 
several  of  large  area.  The  San  Luis  Park,  one 
of  the  largest,  is  known  as  the  San  Luis  val- 
ley. The  North  Park,  in  the  northern  part 
of  the  state,  lies  between  the  Front  and  Park 
ranges.  South  of  it,  encircled  by  mountain 
ranges,  is  Middle  Park.  Below  the  latter, 
in  Park  County,  between  Leadville  and  Crip- 
ple Creek  is  situated  South  Park.  Estes,  a 
smaller  park,  has  many  scenic  attractions. 
Egeria  and  Animas  are  also  well  known  parks. 

The  principal  rivers  in  Colorado,  the 
South  Platte  and  the  Arkansas,  rising  in  the 
mountains,  and  fed  by  numerous  tributaries, 
flow  through  the  plains  in  the  eastern  part 
of  Colorado.  In  the  southwestern  section  of 
the  state,  are  the  Rio  Grande,  San  Juan  and 
Dolores,  and  in  the  western  and  northwestern, 
the  Gunnison,  Grand,  White,  Yampa,  and 
other  streams,  well  fed  by  many  smaller, 
from  the  mountains.  Mineral  springs  abound 
and  have  led  to  the  founding  of  towns  and 
popular  resorts,  Manitou  and  Glenwood 
Springs  being  the  larger  and  better  known. 
Many  lakes  are  nestled  in  the  higher  ranges, 
the  plateaus,  valleys  and  plains,  and  among 
the  principal  ones  are  Twin  Lakes,  Grand 
Lake,  San  Luis,  San  Cristobal,  Evergreen, 
Barr — a  list  of  an  hundred  might  be  given — 
popular  for  resorts  or  sportsmen.  The  great 
reservoirs  now  constructed  or  building  for 
irrigation,  rival  some  of  the  natural  lakes  in 
size,  and  in  alluring,  ducks,  geese,  and  water 
fowl  in  their  migrations. 

The  physical  features  of  Colorado  are 
most  attractive.  The  nature  building  of  the 
ages,  made  beautiful  landscapes,  picturesque 
valleys,  broad  extending  plateaus  and  parks, 
grand  mountain  ranges,  the  home  of  eternal 
snow,  whence  come  the  rivers  cutting  the 
deep  and  awe  inspiring  canons.  The  Rocky 
Mountains,  though  the  last  of  the  great 
ranges,  were  so  wonderfully  constructed  and 
with  such  variety  of  view  and  scenery,  that 
this  state  has  become  the  popular  mecca  of 
the  tourist. 


CHAPTER   II. 

Cliff  Dwellers— Prehistoric  Peoples  in  Colorado— The  Indians. 


ATURE  had  completed  her 
grand  work,  and  Colorado 
was  now  ready  for  man. 
When  he  first  came  to  this  re- 
gion is  not  known.  In  the 
southwestern  part  of  the 
United  States,  in  what  now 
comprises  Colorado,  New 
Mexico,  Utah,  and  Arizona,  are  found  the 
ruins  and  remains  of  unknown  tribes  or  races. 
Whence  they  came  or  where  they  went,  or 
the  fate  that  may  have  befallen  them,  is  a 
mystery  that  history  has  not  yet  solved.  Evi- 
dences of  their  culture  and  civilization  were 
found  by  the  early  explorers,  but  there  were 
no  survivors,  at  least  in  Colorado,  to  tell  the 
story  of  what  may  be  considered  a  lost  race. 
They  lived  in  the  cliffs,  where  their  ancient 
dwellings  remain,  but  in  ruins,  and  filled  with 
many  articles  used  in  that  period.  Hence, 
the  Cliff  Dwellers,  as  they  are  commonly 
designated,  are  known  as  the  prehistoric 
people  of  Colorado.  This  does  not  neces- 
sarily mean  that  they  lived  here  at  a  time 
that  was  prehistoric  with  the  human  race, 
for  written  history  may  have  come  down  from 
a  period  in  the  new  world,  or  old,  long  before 
the  Cliff  Dwellers  were  inhabitants  of  this 
state.  They  were  prehistoric  in  the  sense, 
that  there  is  no  authentic  account  concerning 
them.  But,  as  the  geologist  writes  the  story 
of  the  past  life  from  the  fossils  found  in  the 
rocks,  so  the  historian,  from  the  ruins  and 
relics  of  this  ancient  race,  may  evolve  some 
facts  with  reasonable  assurance. 

The  Cliff  Dwellers  may  have  been  nomadic 
tribes  that  once  inhabited  the  plains  and  val- 
leys. Through  the  misfortunes  of  war,  or 
other  adverse  conditions  that  may  have 
threatened  their  very  existence,  it  is  supposed 
that  they  sought  homes  and  protection  in 
these  cliffs.  The  evidences  of  their  culture 
in  Colorado, .  are  found  in  the  southwestern 
part  of  the  state,  in  the  Mesa  Verde  region 
of  the  Mancos  and  its  tributaries.  Here,  in 
the  cliffs,  they  built,  between  the  shelving 
rocks,  stone  houses,  some  of  the  material  used 
being  hewn  rock,  put  together  with  mortar. 
They  were  only  accessible  by  means  of  ladders 
and  ropes.  Corn,  beans,  pumpkins  and  other 
products  of  the  soil,  together  with  evidences 
of  the  chase,  show  that  they  were  farmers  and 


hunters.  Towers  lower  down,  would  indi- 
cate that  when  cultivating  the  land,  they 
probably  stationed  guards  to  watch  for  the 
approach  of  possibly  new  or  old  time  foes. 
The  dead  were  found  buried  in  the  rear  of 
their  houses,  or  under  shelving  rocks,  or  some- 
times sealed  up  in  the  rooms  in  which  they 
may  have  died.  Upon  the  walls,  some  of 
which  were  plastered,  have  been  discovered 
pictographs,  telling  in  a  crude  way,  something 
of  their  life,  legends  and  beliefs.  They 
probably  worshipped  the  sun.  Bone,  stone, 
and  wooden  implements,  but  no  metal,  to- 
gether with  pottery  of  higher  type,  have  been 
taken  from  these  ruins.  Many  of  the  stone 
implements  are  beautifully  polished,  and  at 
least,  so  far  as  the  use  of  stone  on  this  conti- 
nent is  known,  they  had  reached  the  age  of 
polished  stone.  Without  evidences  of  the 
use  of  a  potter's  wheel,  the  vessels  made  by 
them  are  remarkable  for  symmetry.  There 
were  two  types  of  their  pottery;  the  coiled 
or  indented;  and  the  smooth  polished  ware, 
decorations  being  confined  to  the  latter. 
The  ornamentation  consisted  principally  of 
geometrical  figures,  with  occasional  crude 
pictures  of  birds,  or  other  animals,  or  of  man. 
Although  the  horse  was  common  in  what  is 
now  Colorado,  in  the  Tertiary  Age,  that  pre- 
ceded man,  yet  that  animal  seems  to  have 
disappeared  after  the  ice  period,  not  to  re- 
turn until  the  time  of  European  exploration. 
No  horses  are  found  in  the  decorations  of 
the  Cliff  Dweller  pottery  and  when  the  early 
Spaniards  came,  the  then  native  races,  at 
first  considered  the  rider  and  horse  as  one 
animal.  Prehistoric  man  in  this  region 
seems  to  have  known  nothing  of  the  horse,  or 
at  least,  left  no  evidences  that  it  then  existed 
here. 

The  Cliff  Dwellers  wore  clothing,  con- 
sisting of  cotton  goods,  feather-cloth,  fur, 
hair,  yucca,  and  the  skins  of  animals.  Their 
footwear  included  sandals  of  buckskin,  yucca, 
cornhusks,  and  cedar  bark,  or  a  combination 
of  two  or  more  kinds  of  such  material.  It 
was  in  pottery,  that  this  ancient  people 
reached  a  high  culture.  Mugs,  food  bowls, 
ollas,  globular  vessels,  vases,  and  water  jars, 
varying  in  shape  and  size,  have  been  recover- 
ed. Mortuary  vessels  have  been  taken  from 
burial  places,  showing  similar  customs, 


followed  by  Indians  later,  of  placing  food  with 
the  dead.  One  of  the  most  interesting  deco- 
rations on  their  pottery  is  the  swastika,  a 
form  of  cross  that  is  prehistoric  in  all  lands, 
with  some  variation,  and  is  said  to  mean 
"good  fortune."  Among  the  wooden  imple- 
ments are  fire  drills,  spinning  discs,  agri- 
cultural or  planting  sticks,  bows  and  arrows, 
some  of  the  latter  having  flint  points  attached 
with  the  sinew  of  the  deer.  Some  of  the  wood- 
en relics  were  probably  used  in  games,  as 
were  also,  some  kinds  of  baskets.  In  basketry 
or  wicker-ware  making,  they  also  excelled, 
many  fine  specimens  having  been  obtained. 
They  were  expert  in  this  line  of  work.  Osier 
matting  was  a  common  article,  and  often 
used  to  wrap  about  the  dead. 

The  bone  implements  consisted  of  awls, 
needles,  scrapers,  and  ornaments,  made  from 
turkeys  and  other  birds,  small  mammals, 
and  the  deer,  antelope,  and  bear.  Stone  im- 
plements were  found  in  abundance.  They 
are  polished,  and  unpolished.  From  the 
crudely  formed  ax  to  the  highly  polished  celt, 
these  objects  are  common,  everywhere.  Some 
axes  still  have  the  handles  attached.  They 
were  helved  by  bending  a  green  withe  or 
willow  around  the  groove  of  the  axe,  two  or 
more  times,  then  pulling  the  ends  together, 
and  tying  them  with  a  yucca  or  buckskin 
string.  Some  axes  have  a  double  edge. 
Grinding  stones,  such  as  are  now  called  me- 
tates  and  utilized  by  Indians  and  Mexicans, 
were  used  for  grinding  and  preparing  the 
corn;  pounding  stones,  without  handles,  but 
with  pits  in  them  for  the  finger  ends,  and 
knuckles;  stones  for  varied  use,  and  some 
probably  for  games  and  ceremonials,  but 
add  to  the  wonder-collections  from  pre- 
historic man  in  this  locality.  The  charred 
remains  of  human  bodies,  have  led  to  the  be- 
lief that  this  condition  was  not  accidental, 
but  that  cremation  was  also  practiced  to  some 
extent  by  the  Cliff  Dwellers. 

The  fate  of  this  people  is  still  an  unsolved 
mystery  of  prehistoric  times.  The  age  of 
these  ruins  is  estimated  from  500  to  1,000 
years,  or  more.  But  their  ancestors  may  have 
been  cave  dwellers,  or  lived  in  these  cliffs, 
in  more  rudely  constructed  habitations,  be- 
fore they  learned  to  hew  stone  and  build 
with  mortar.  Their  earlier  culture  was  prob- 
ably such  as  is  possessed  by  nomadic  tribes. 
Among  their  ruins,  is  found  the  estufa  cham- 
ber, in  which  the  men  held  their  secret, 
sacred,  and  ceremonial  meetings  and  rites. 
In  southwestern  Colorado,  these  chambers 
are  circular  in  form,  and  it  has  been  supposed 
that  this  is  a  traditional  link,  with  their  prior 
history,  when  they  lived  in  tents,  roaming 
the  plains,  valleys  and  mountains,  leading  a 
nomadic  life.  Similar  rooms,  still  in  use  by 


tribes  further  south,  were  seen  by  the  Spanish 
explorers,  and  called  by  them  " estufa,"  but 
the  word  "kiva"  has  been  substituted  as  the 
name  of  these  wholly  or  in  part,  subterranean 
ceremonial  chambers,  from  which  women 
were  excluded,  except  as  they  may  have  been 
permitted  to  enter  or  approach,  to  bring  food 
and  water  for  the  men.  "Ki"  is  a  primi- 
tive word  of  tribes  in  the  southwest,  meaning 
"house,"  and  associated  with  a  part  of  the 
human  body,  the  "kiva"  symbolically  rep- 
resents the  under-world  or  womb  of  the  earth, 
where  was  born  the  human  race.  More  mod- 
ern investigation  leads  to  the  opinion  that 
women  may  have  had  secret  societies,  which 
would  now  be  known  as  sororities,  which  also 
met  in  kivas,  and  possibly  in  those  used  by 
the  men,  but  when  not  occupied  by  the  latter, 
for  ceremonial  purposes. 

In  the  romantic  story  and  belief  of  some, 
this  Cliff  Dwelling  people,  small  of  stature, 
living  a  pastoral  life,  combined  with  hunting, 
had  a  final  desperate  struggle  with  enemies, 
who  attacked  them  in  their  habitations 
along  the  cliffs  and,  after  an  heroic  re- 
sistance, they  were  all  slain,  or  a  few  survivors 
carried  into  captivity,  and  all  trace  of  the 
prehistoric  race  in  Colorado,  obliterated. 
Although  they  may  have  had  war  with  foes, 
now  unknown,  it  is  more  reasonable  to  sup- 
pose that  there  was  a  gradual  emigration 
of  these  people  from  the  cliffs.  Climatic  or 
geological  conditions  may  have  been  the 
primal  cause.  Protracted  drouths,  volcanic 
eruptions  accompanied  by  violent  earth- 
quakes, or  some  superstition  evolved  from 
the  ceremonials  of  the  kiva,  may  have  been 
contributing  influences,  rather  than  the  theory 
that  they  were  wiped  out  of  existence  by 
war  or  some  other  misfortune.  Probably 
the  first  historic  reference  to  the  Cliff  Dwellers, 
was  recorded  in  the  account  of  Padre  Esca- 
lante,  who  made  a  journey  with  others  from 
Santa  Fe,  to  the  Great  Salt  Lake  region  about 
1775  or  1776.  They  traversed  what  is  now 
southwestern  Colorado,  and  in  his  description 
of  this  section,  he  refers  to  the  ruined  habi- 
tations that  were  observed. 

The  most  primitive  people  or  tribes  now 
in  the  southwest  are  the  Zuni  of  New  Mexico 
and  the  Moqui  or  Hopi  of  Arizona.  It  is 
highly  probable  that  they  were  related  to 
the  Cliff  Dwellers,  as  descendants  or  ances- 
tors, or  by  some  tribal  links.  The  similarity 
of  their  buildings,  when  conditions  are  com- 
pared, together  with  many  of  the  supposed 
traits  and  characteristics  of  the  former  race 
in  Colorado,  strongly  leads  to  such  a  conclusion. 
These  ancient  tribes  of  New  Mexico  and 
Arizona,  now  remnants  of  a  once  more  populous 
race,  show  an  intrusion  in  the  construction 
of  the  estufa  or  kiva,  which  here  may  be 


circular  as  with  the  Cliff  Dwellers,  or  changed 
into  a  more  rectangular,  or  a  combination 
of  the  two.  The  historical  links  of  any 
people  are  often  more  easily  followed  in  trac- 
ing their  ceremonials  or  religious  rites.  If 
the  Cliff  Dweller  culture  be  the  older,  the 
kiva  or  estufa  as  seen  by  the  Spaniards  and 
even  up  to  the  recent  explorations  by  American 
anthropologists,  has  been  modernized  from 
that  of  prehistoric  Colorado.  The  types  of 
pottery  from  the  region  of  the  San  Juan  river, 
to  which  the  Mancos  and  the  Mesa  Verde  of 
Colorado  with  their  ruins  are  tributary,  are  said 
to  be  the  oldest  in  the  southwest.  As  the 
Indian  of  today,  builds  his  tent  thus  enclosing 
his  circular  home,  as  he  has  done  from  time 
immemorial,  it  may  also  be  urged  that  the 
circular  kiva  or  ceremonial  house  of  the  Colo- 
rado Cliff  Dwellers,  is  the  oldest  type,  and 
that  it  represents  an  older  culture  than  the 
Zuni  and  Hopi,  where  a  more  rectangular 
has  been  introduced.  These  are  interesting 
speculations,  but  after  all,  the  mystery  of  the 
Cliff  Dwellers'  history  has  not  been  satis- 
factorily solved. 

The  published  reports  of  the  discoveries 
made  in  1874  by  Mr.  Holmes  and  W.  H. 
Jackson,  the  latter  formerly  a  resident  of 
Denver,  contained  in  the  Geological  Survey  of 
1875-6,  first  brought  the  Cliff  Dweller  region 
of  Colorado  into  prominent  historical  and 
scientific  notice.  Thus  the  dust  of  a  century, 
since  the  time  when  described  by  Escalante 
during  the  period  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion, had  been  added  to  that  of  other  cen- 
turies of  silence,  which  enveloped  prehis- 
toric man  in  Colorado.  Additional  interest 
was  given  this  region  by  the  discovery  of  the 
Cliff  Palace  in  the  Mesa  Verde  by  Richard 
Wetherill  and  Charley  Mason,  in  December, 
1888,  although  it  is  claimed  that  others  of 
the  Mancos  region  had  visited  this  ruin  six 
or  seven  years  prior  to  that  date.  This  is 
the  most  wonderful  ruin,  left  to  tell  the  story 
of  prehistoric  man  not  only  in  Colorado,  but, 
all  of  the  southwestern  part  of  the  United 
States.  It  had  more  than  100  rooms  in  ad- 
dition to  numerous  kivas  or  ceremonial  cham- 
bers. Soon  after,  F.  H.  Chapin  published  a 
volume  relating  to  the  Cliff  Palace  and  other 
more  prominent  ruins  of  the  Mesa  Verde. 
Baron  Nordenskiold  issued  a  comprehensive 
volume  on  this  region,  after  which,  in  maga- 
zines and  general  publication,  a  world-wide 
interest  was  taken  in  the  Colorado  prehis- 
toric period.  The  more  noted  of  these  ruins 
are  the  Cliff  Palace,  Balcony  House,  Spruce 
Tree  House,  Long  House,  Mug  House,  Spring 
House,  Jackson  House,  Peabody  House,  the  lat- 
ter named  for  Mrs.  W.  S.  Peabody  of  Denver. 
A  longer  list  could  be  made,  for  this  section 
abounds  with  evidences  of  this  civilization. 


These  discoveries  induced  both  scientific 
work  and  investigation,  but  it  was  unfor- 
tunate, that  for  several  years  there  followed 
a  vandalism  which  at  once,  threatened  to 
wreck  and  destroy  these  ancient  abodes,  and 
rifle  them  of  all  valuable  contents.  After 
long  agitation,  an  act  of  congress  in  1906,  es- 
tablished the  Mesa  Verde  National  Park, 
and  these  ruins  are  now  protected  by  the 
government.  Since  then,  the  Smithsonian 
Institution,  at  the  request  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Interior,  has  been  excavating  and  re- 
pairing the  Cliff  Dwellings.  The  work  has 
been  in  charge  of  Dr.  Jesse  Walter  Fewkes, 
an  eminent  ethnologist.  He  has  repaired 
the  Spruce-Tree  House  and  the  Cliff  Palace, 
rendered  efficient  service,  and  materially 
added  to  the  knowledge  of  the  culture  of  this 
ancient  people  in  Colorado. 

The  aborigines  found  in  this  region  by 
the  first  explorers,  were  the  Indians,  or  the 
Red  Men,  commonly  called.  Their  origin, 
or  whence  they  came,  is  no  more  known  than 
that  of  the  Cliff  Dwellers,  but  since  the  com- 
ing of  the  white  race,  their  history  has  been 
indissolubly  linked.  For  centuries  they  may 
have  roamed  the  plains  and  mountains,  and 
in  their  unknown  prehistoric  ages,  there  may 
have  been  many  shiftings  and  changes  of  the 
tribes  in  the  west.  They  were  nomads  and 
wanderers,  and  yet  remained  within  appa- 
rently certain  approximate  boundaries,  or 
hunting  grounds,  when  first  known  to  the 
pale  faces.  On  the  Colorado  plains  east  of 
the  mountains  and  north  of  the  Arkansas 
river,  ranged  the  Arapahoes  and  Cheyennes; 
and,  in  the  same  region,  south  of  this  stream, 
the  Comanches  and  Kiowas.  In  the  moun- 
tains, and  sometimes  foraging  into  the  edge 
of  the  plains,  and  also  ranging  west  into 
Utah,  were  the  Utes  and  Pah-Utes,  of  which 
there  were  seven  principal  divisions  or  tribes. 
The  Navajoes  roamed  along  the  tributaries 
of  the  San  Juan  in  the  southwestern  part  of 
the  state,  while  the  more  war  like  and  blood 
thirsty  Apaches  held  a  wide  range  from 
the  Rio  Grande  to  the  Gila  river.  The 
Crows,  Blackfeet,  Pawnees,  several  tribes  of 
the  savage  Sioux,  Kickapoos,  Cherokees, 
Kansas,  Omahas,  Cherokees,  and  other  tribes, 
at  various  times  frequented  the  plains  of 
Colorado.  War  and  pursuit  of  game,  and 
especially  the  bison  or  buffalo,  brought  many 
of  the  aborigines  to  this  section,  often  re- 
sulting in  hostilities  and  many  a  hard  fought 
battle.  The  tribes  represented  in  the  main, 
the  Shoshonean  and  Athapascan  stock  of  the 
Indian  race.  Only  one  tribe  now  remains  in 
Colorado,  the  Southern  Utes,  in  the  extreme 
southwestern  part  of  the  state,  their  reser- 
vation being  in  the  region  of  the  Cliff  Dwell- 
ers. It  seems  the  irony  of  fate,  that  the  last 


of  the  Indians  in  this  State,  should  be  amid 
the  ruins  and  waste  of  the  prehistoric  people 
of  this  section,  that  have  disappeared.  They 
have  left  their  history  in  the  place-names  of 
the  west,  from  Utah  (Utahs  or  Utes)  to  those 
of  cities,  towns,  rivers,  counties,  and  moun- 
tain peaks.  More  of  their  history  also  ap- 
pears in  connection  with  the  settlements 
made  by  the  white  man,  and  the  fierce  wars 
between  the  latter,  and  his  red  foe.  The 
Bison  has  perished  from  the  range.  Of  the 


millions  that  once  fed  upon  the  plains  and 
valleys,  none  remain,  except  those  in  parks 
and  reservations  set  apart  for  their  preserva- 
tion. The  deer,  elk,  mountain  sheep,  wild 
goat,  and  antelope  are  protected  by  law,  but 
their  fate  seems  as  inevitable  as  that  of  the 
remnant  Utes  in  Colorado,  who  now  read 
their  fate  in  the  shadows  of  the  Cliff  Dweller 
ruins,  which  tell  the  pitiful  story  of  prehis- 
toric man  in  this  region. 


CHAPTER   III. 

Spanish  and  French  Explorers. 


PANIARDS  were  the  first  ex- 
plorers of  what  is  now  Colo- 
rado, but  the  records  are  not 
clear  as  to  who  led  the  first 
expedition.  Francisco  Vas- 
quez  de  Coronado,  born  in 
Salmanaca;  married  a 
daughter  of  Alonso  de  Es- 
trada, royal  treasurer  of  New  Spain;  ex- 
plored New  Mexico  and  the  great  plains  to 
the  northeast  in  his  expedition  of  1540-2;  is 
supposed  to  have  passed  through  southeast- 
ern Colorado  in  1541.  It  may  be  considered 
a  matter  of  serious  doubt,  whether  Coronado 
or  any  of  his  cavaliers  ever  trod  upon  Colo- 
rado soil.  Castaneda,  the  historian  of  the 
expedition  does  not  clearly  disclose  any  such 
fact,  but  as  the  geography  of  this  region  had 
not  been  established,  and  the  records  of  the 
journey,  at  times,  are  very  indefinite,  it  can- 
not be  stated  positively  that  neither  Coro- 
nado nor  any  of  his  subordinates,  may  not 
have  traversed  a  part  of  this  state,  along  the 
southern  boundary  or  extreme  southeastern 
section.  The  first  Europeans  to  explore  over- 
land, the  trans-Mississippi,  was  Cabeza  de 
Vaca  with  three  companions,  Alonso  del  Cas- 
tillo Maldonado,  Andres  Dorantes,  and  Este- 
vanico,  the  latter  an  Arabian  Negro  slave, 
these  four  being  survivors  of  the  ill  fated 
Panfilo  de  Narvaez  expedition.  Narvaez  had 
sailed  from  Spain  in  June,  1527,  with  five 
ships  and  600  men,  for  the  Gulf  coast.  His 
fleet,  after  losing  by  desertions  at  Espanola 
and  Cuba,  was  driven  by  storm  to  Tampa 
bay  on  the  west  coast  of  Florida,  where  he 
landed  with  400  men  and  eighty  horses  in 
April,  1528.  Narvaez  divided  his  army  in 
May,  he  leading  an  inland  expedition  of  300 
men  and  forty  horses,  instructing  his  vessels 
to  follow  the  coast  with  his  remaining  forces, 
left  on  board,  but  they  were  never  re-united. 
After  suffering  many  hardships,  and  not  being 
joined  by  the  fleet,  and  meeting  losses  from 
hostilities  and  sickness,  Narvaez  built  boats 
of  frail  structure,  in  which  he  embarked  the 
remainder  of  his  expedition.  Through  pesti- 
lence, shipwrecks,  warring  with  savages, 
there  finally  remained  but  nine  survivors  of 
this  land  force.  Five  of  these  were  never 
afterwards  heard  from,  and  the  other  four 


comprised  the  party  led  by  Vaca,  who  should 
be  known  as  the  "Robinson  Crusoe"  of 
American  history.  Although  Vaca  and  his 
companions  have  been  credited  by  some  with 
a  more  northern  route,  they  really  wandered 
west  through  Texas  and  probably  through 
a  corner  of  New  Mexico,  in  their  travels,  ar- 
riving at  San  Miguel,  New  Galicia,  April  1, 
1536.  The  story  of  Vaca  and  his  companions 
revived  the  idea  of  conquest,  and  search  for 
gold.  Preliminary  to  a  more  pretentious 
expedition,  Coronado  dispatched  Fray  Marcos 
de  Nizza  with  a  small  party  to  investigate. 
They  visited  New  Mexico,  and  on  their  re- 
turn, related  marvelous  tales  of  the  new 
country,  and  the  great  wealth  of  the  wonder- 
ful Seven  Cities  of  Cibola.  The  result  was 
the  well  known  historical  expedition  of 
Coronado,  with  its  many  disappointments. 
The  Seven  Cities  of  Cibola,  instead  of  being 
populous  and  abounding  in  treasures  of  gold 
and  silver,  proved  only  to  be  the  seven  poor 
pueblos  of  the  Zuni  of  New  Mexico.  However, 
Coronado  did  not  remain  inactive,  but  began 
investigating  for  himself.  He  dispatched 
Pedro  de  Tobar  to  subdue  Tusayan,  supposed 
to  be  the  Moqui  villages,  and  now  known  as 
the  Hopi.  Thus  those  primitive  tribes,  the 
Zuni  and  the  Hopi,  probably  kinsman  of  the 
prehistoric  Cliff  Dwellers  of  Colorado,  early 
came  in  contact  with  European  explorers. 
Although  this  humble  people  were  not  the 
possessors  of  expected  wealth,  there  was  ever 
the  repeated  story,  common  to  Spanish  ex- 
ploration, of  something  still  beyond.  The 
Moqui  told  of  a  great  river,  where  lived  tall 
men.  This  information  caused  Coronado  to 
send  Garcia  de  Cardenas  to  explore  the  river 
and  learn  of  this  new  people.  He  discovered 
this  river,  and  reported  that  the  banks  were 
so  high  that  they  seemed  to  be  elevated  three 
or  four  leagues  in  the  air.  This  was,  without 
doubt,  the  first  view  that  Europeans  had,  of 
the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado,  and  was 
associated  by  them  with  the  Rio  Del  Tizon,  so 
named  near  its  mouth.  After  sending  out  and 
making  other  expeditions,  Coronado  was  now 
told  by  one,  known  as  El  Turco  (The  Turk) 
of  the  wonderful  city  of  Quivira,  abounding 
in  wealth,  far  to  the  northeast.  In  the  spring 
of  1541,  he  started  in  search  of  this  mythical 


city,  traveling  east  and  northeast,  Accord- 
ing to  the  chronicler  of  the  expedition,  the 
Quivera  of  boasted  wealth,  proved  to  be 
nothing  more  than  a  few  straw  huts.  In  re- 
ply to  the  exasperated  Spaniards,  who  de- 
manded an  explanation,  the  Turk  admitted 
his  deception,  and  said  that  he  had  guided 
them  into  this  region,  with  the  hope  that  they 
would  perish.  He  was  then  strangled  for 
his  perfidy.  In  the  general  account  that  is 
given,  it  is  impossible  to  draw  accurate  data. 
Large  streams  were  seen,  and  crossed.  Some 
have  thought  they  may  have  included  the 
Arkansas,  Platte,  and  Missouri.  It  is  pos- 
sible that  Coronado  entered  Colorado,  and 
if  so,  probably  he  traversed  on  his  return  trip, 
the  southern  plains  of  the  state. 

Colorado  may  have  been  visited  next,  by 
Spaniards  who  came  not  from  Mexico,  but 
from  the  Mississippi  river.  After  the  death 
of  De  Soto  in  May,  1542,  and  his  burial  in 
the  Mississippi  river,  the  command  devolved 
upon  Luis  de  Moscoso  de  Alvarado,  who  in 
July  that  year  made  an  expedition  to  the 
plains,  traveling  west  and  northwest.  Gen- 
eral and  indefinite  descriptions  and  state- 
ments again,  as  with  Coronado,  throw  doubt 
upon  the  exact  route  taken  by  Moscoso.  The 
plains  of  western  Kansas  are  supposed,  by 
some,  to  have  been  reached,  and  possibly 
Colorado,  along  the  Arkansas  river,  and  even 
that  he  continued  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
Be  that  as  it  may,  one  of  his  scouting  parties 
reported  to  Moscoso,  "that  they  saw  great 
chains  of  mountains,  and  forests,  to  the  west, 
which  they  understood  were  uninhabited." 
Moscoso  or  some  of  his  men  may  have  trod 
Colorado  soil,  but  it  is  doubtful,  and  may  be 
considered  more  as  a  possibility  than  a  proba- 
bility. Thus  the  expeditions  of  Coronado 
and  De  Soto  have  been  connected  with  the 
early  explorations  of  Colorado.  They  were 
the  best  equipped  and  most  pretentious  that 
Spain  had  sent  into  the  interior  of  this  region 
in  search  of  gold  and  for  the  extension  of  her 
domain  by  conquest. 

Fray  Juan  de  Padilla,  a  Franciscan,  who 
had  accompanied  Coronado  in  his  expedition 
to  Quivira,  a  few  years  later  started  again 
for  the  latter  place,  to  engage  in  missionary 
work,  and  may  have  passed  through  the 
plains  of  this  state.  Nothing  definite  was 
ever  ascertained  as  to  his  fate,  but  he  is  said 
to  have  received  a  martyr's  reward.  Friars, 
rather  than  armed  men,  for  some  time,  con- 
tinued to  make  journeys  to  the  northward, 
probably  not  farther  than  the  pueblos  of  New 
Mexico,  where  some  of  them  met  death.  In 
1582,  Don  Antonio  de  Espejo  was  dispatched 
to  investigate  the  fate  of  the  friars.  He  pro- 
ceeded far  up  the  Rio  Grande,  but  it  cannot 
be  definitely  stated  whether  or  not,  he  ad- 


vanced beyond  the  northern  boundary  of  New 
Mexico.  In  1595,  but  there  is  a  conflict  of 
dates,  some  placing  1591  as  the  year,  Don 
Juan  de  Onate,  led  an  expedition  that  effected 
the  conquest  of  New  Mexico,  followed  by 
exploration  in  Colorado.  He  was  a  wealthy 
resident  of  Zacatecas,  son  of  Don  Cristobal; 
married  Dona  Isabel,  granddaughter  of  Cor- 
tez  and  great  granddaughter  of  Montezuma. 
His  conquests  and  exploring  journeys  occu- 
pied several  years.  He  followed  up  the  Rio 
Grande,  exploring  the  San  Luis  Valley,  Colo- 
rado, and  reported  finding  gold,  near  what  is 
now  Fort  Garland,  where  he  worked  gold 
and  silver  mines.  He  was  a  colonizer  and 
progressive  man.  The  older  Chama,  on  the 
Chama  river  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Rio  Grande,  was  founded  by  him,  and  re- 
mains to  the  present  time.  He  is  also  re- 
ported to  have  traversed  the  plains,  about 
1601  between  the  Arkansas  and  South  Platte 
rivers,  possibly  projecting  his  journey  as  far 
east  as  the  Missouri. 

A  somewhat  mythical  story  has  been  pub- 
lished, that  in  1595,  an  expedition  led  by 
Borilla,  who  was  later  killed  by  a  subordi- 
nate officer,  Humano,  the  latter  taking  com- 
mand, probably  crossed  the  Colorado  plains 
in  a  journey  to  the  northeast. 

In  1662,  Diego  Penalosa,  Governor  of 
New  Mexico,  is  reported  to  have  conducted 
an  expedition  from  Santa  Fe  across  the  plains 
of  Kansas,  to  the  Missouri  river.  It  may  not 
be  necessary  to  solve  the  question  as  to 
whether  he  may  have  traversed  southeastern 
Colorado,  as  the  expedition  and  the  account 
thereof,  has  by  some  been  considered  a  hoax 
and  a  fabrication — in  modern  parlance,  an 
historical  "pipe  dream." 

The  revolt  by  the  natives  under  Pope,  a 
San  Juan  Indian,  which  caused  a  retreat  of 
the  Spaniards  about  1680,  interfered  with 
further  explorations  until  after  they  had  been 
again  subdued  in  1693  by  Diego  de  Vargas, 
and  peace  made  on  the  condition  that  the 
Indians  should  no  longer  be  compelled  to  work 
as  slaves  in  the  mines.  About  this  time  the 
Spaniards  became  apprehensive  of  the  ad- 
vances that  had  been  made  into  the  interior 
by  the  French,  whose  trappers  and  hunters 
had  been  trailing  up  the  rivers  and  streams 
to  the  west  and  northwest.  In  1719,  An- 
tonio Valverde  y  Cosio  led  a  force  northward 
to  punish  the  Utes  and  Comanches  for  the 
depredations  which  they  had  been  committing 
against  the  Spaniards  and  friendly  Indians. 
His  force  consisted  of  105  men  and  thirty 
Indians,  which  was  largely  increased  by  a 
reinforcement  of  Apaches.  On  this  expe- 
dition, Valverde  explored  the  plains  of  Colo- 
rado and  western  Kansas,  and  is  credited  with 
following  the  course  of  the  South  Platte  in 


—10— 


this  state.  Jealous  and  uneasy  as  to  the 
movements  of  the  French  on  the  frontier,  an 
expedition  was  sent  out  from  Santa  Fe,  pro- 
ceeding northwest,  which  means  that  they 
may  have  skirted  the  plains  of  southeastern 
Colorado,  to  Missouri.  Through  Indian 
treachery  this  force  was  annihilated.  From 
a  colony  established  at  Taos,  where  Pondo, 
a  Spaniard  had  located  in  1745,  some  Spanish 
settlements  sprang  up  along  the  Arkansas 
river  in  Colorado,  and  adjacent  territory. 
It  is  claimed  that  one  of  these  was  Las  Animas 
on  the  Arkansas  river,  at  or  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Purgatoire,  and  another,  more  of  a 
military  stockade  or  picket-post  on  the 
Huerfano  river,  to  guard  the  Sangre  de  Cristo 
pass  on  the  east.  Tomas  Valez  Cachupin, 
who  became  governor  at  Santa  Fe  in  1749, 
encouraged  expeditions  into  Colorado,  and 
especially  the  San  Juan  region  of  the'  south- 
west, in  search  of  gold  and  silver,  but  ore 
not  being  found  in  paying  quantities,  per- 
manent settlements  were  not  made. 

Juan  Maria  Rivera,  accompanied  by  Don 
Joaquin  Lain,  Pedro  Mora,  Gregorio  Sandoval, 
and  others,  conducted  an  expedition  into  the 
southwestern  and  western  part  of  Colorado, 
in  1761,  proceeding  as  far  as  the  Gunnison 
river,  leaving  many  traces  seen  by  their  suc- 
cessors, where  they  had  engaged  in  mining.  At 
the  earnest  solicitation  of  Padre  Junipero 
Serra,  in  charge  of  the  California  Catholic 
missions,  an  effort  was  made  to  open  an  over- 
land route  from  Santa  Fe  to  the  Pacific  coast. 
Padres  Francisco  Silvestre  Valez  Escalante, 
and  Atanacio  Dominguez  organized  a  party, 
as  the  result  of  this  agitation,  in  1776,  with 
Don  Joaquin  Lain  of  the  former  Rivera  ex- 
pedition, as  guide.  On  July  29,  they  left 
Santa  Fe,  and  after  reaching  Colorado,  and 
passing  through  Archuleta  county,  touched 
the  San  Juan  river,  August  5.  They  left 
more  place-names  in  this  state  than  any  who 
came  before  them.  They  crossed  several 
streams  whose  names,  then  given,  are  still 
retained,  as  Piedra,  Parada,  Pinos,  and 
Florida.  They  named  the  La  Plata  river, 
San  Joaquin,  and  the  eastern  La  Plata  moun- 
tains, Sierra  de  la  Grulla.  Reference  is  made 
to  the  ruins  of  what  are  now  known  as  the 
Cliff  Dwellings.  Leaving  the  Dolores,  they 
traversed  the  Gypsum  valley,  or  Cajon  del 
Yeso,  as  it  is  still  known.  The  San  Miguel 
river  was  called  Rio  San  Pedro.  Reaching 
the  Uncompahgre  river,  spelled  "Ancapagari" 
by  Escalante,  it  was  named  by  him,  San 
Francisco.  Arriving  at  the  Gunnison  river, 
called  Tomichi  by  the  natives,  he  changed  it 
to  San  Javier.  What  was  designated  as  the 
Rio  Santa  Monica,  probably  corresponds 
with  the  north  branch  of  the  north  fork  of 
the  Gunnison.  The  Rio  San  Antonia  Matir, 


was  the  present  Divide  Creek.  The  North 
and  South  Mam  Buttes  were  given  the  names 
of  San  Silvestre  (for  Escalante  himself),  and 
Nebuncari,  and  Mam  creek,  that  of  Santa 
Rosalia.  Crossing  the  San  Rafael  or  Grand 
river,  and  probably  passing  over  the  Book 
Cliffs,  their  course  led  them  northwest  to  the 
White  river,  which  was  called  San  Clemente, 
arriving  there  September  9,  at  or  near  the 
Utah  line.  The  diary  of  this  journey,  as 
kept  by  Escalante  as  one  of  the  most  valuable 
documents  relating  to  the  early  explorations 
of  this  region,  and  Colorado  especially. 

The  same  unsatisfactory  data  as  to  the 
routes  taken,  and  extent  of  the  same,  charac- 
terize the  work  of  the  early  French,  as  with 
the  Spanish.  They  came  later  than  the 
Spaniards,  but  long  before  the  Americans  ex- 
plored the  plains  and  mountains  of  the  west. 
In  1712,  a  party  of  French  adventurers  ad- 
vanced far  west  into  the  plains,  but  it  is  not 
known  whether  they  reached  the  Rocky 
Mountains  or  not — probably  not.  The  con- 
cessions that  the  king  of  France  had  given 
Crozat  in  1712,  for  a  term  of  fifteen  years,  in 
Louisiana,  added  a  stimulating  influence. 
Trappers,  hunters,  and  explorers  were  en- 
couraged to  penetrate  further  into  the  in- 
terior, and  they  began  ascending  the  rivers 
to  more  distant  points,  and  to  extend  themselves 
more  over  the  plains  towards  the  mountains. 
Colorado  was  on  the  confines  of  disputed 
territory.  The  new  spirit  that  permeated 
the  fur  trade  with  the  advent  of  the  Crozat 
regime,  influenced  an  alert  policy  with  the 
western  leaders  of  both  nations.  Crozat  sent 
out  expeditions  to  establish  friendly  rela- 
tions, in  commerce,  with  the  Spanish,  up  the 
Arkansas,  none  of  which  seem  to  have  reached 
Colorado.  In  1717,  Bourgmont,  a  French  ex- 
plorer on  the  Missouri,  heard  the  stories  from 
the  Panis  (Pawnees)  of  a  great  river  or  lakes 
to  the  west.  The  French  became  imbued 
with  the  idea,  that  with  explorations  they 
would  be  able  to  establish  a  trade  with  the 
Japanese  and  Chinese.  Although  Bourg- 
mont was  prominent  in  the  plains  region,  he 
is  not  known  positively  to  have  reached  Colo- 
rado, at  least  at  this  time.  In  1719,  Du  Tis- 
senet  is  supposed  to  have  visited  the  Pawnees 
and  western  Kansas,  not  coming  to  this  state, 
but  only  far  enough  to  alarm  the  Spanish. 
A  Spanish  expedition  in  1720  to  the  Mis- 
souri river,  was  wiped  out  by  Indians,  friendly 
to  the  French,  and  thus  this  region  became  a 
scene  of  activity  and  watchfulness.  In  1722, 
Bourgmont,  a  knight  of  the  Order  of  St. 
Louis,  again  coming  west,  establishing  military 
posts  in  Missouri  and  Kansas,  and  proceeding 
still  westward,  making  treaties  with  the 
Indians,  may  have  reached  the  Colorado  line, 
or  came  near  to  it.  He  made  another  expe- 


—11— 


clition  up  the  Missouri  river  and  then  far  west 
on  the  plains  in  1724  for  the  same  purpose, 
trying  to  break  up  the  Spanish  trade  and  in- 
fluence with  the  Indians.  In  1739,  the  Mal- 
let brothers,  two  French  explorers  are  credited 
with  following  the  South  Platte  and  probably 
visiting  the  present  site  of  Denver.  In  1762, 
France  by  secret  treaty  transferred  all  of 
Louisiana  in  the  Trans-Mississippi,  together 
with  the  Island  of  New  Orleans,  east  of  the 


river,  to  Spain.  This  lessened  the  friction  in 
the  hunting  and  trapping  region,  but  before 
finally  yielding  to  the  change,  some  of  the 
malcontents  among  the  French  leaders,  at 
New  Orleans  were  tried  and  hung.  Later ,\  a 
re-deeding  of  Louisiana  by  Spain,  to  France, 
and  the  sale  of  this  great  province  to  the 
United  States  in  1803,  opened  the  American 
period  of  exploration,  in  which  Colorado  be- 
comes especially  prominent. 


—12— 


CHAPTER  IV. 

American  Explorers— Hunters  and  Trappers. 


ITH  the  cession  of  the  Pro- 
vince of  Louisiana  by  France 
to  the  United  States  in  1803, 
there  was  opened  a  new  field 
for  the  explorer.  The  cen- 
tennial of  that  purchase  has 
been  celebrated  by  a  World's 
Fair  at  St.  Louis,  and  Ameri- 
can heroism  has  added  its  century  link  to  the 
historical  chain  of  Spanish  and  French  ex- 
ploration. Lewis  and  Clark  in  1804-6,  ex- 
plored the  northwest  and  the  Oregon  country, 
and  Lieutenant  Zebulon  Montgomery  Pike, 
the  headwaters  of  the  Mississippi,  in  1805-6. 
A  third  expedition  was  then  planned  in  con- 
tinuing the  investigation  of  the  resources  of 
this  new  acquisition,  and  Lieut.  Pike  was  de- 
tailed to  explore  the  plains  and  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  As  with  the  Spanish  and  French, 
there  was  the  wandering  gold  seeker,  hunter 
and  trapper.  Even  before  the  purchase, 
Americans  were  beginning  to  find  their  way 
into  this  western  land,  and  especially,  soon 
thereafter.  About  1804,  William  Morrison, 
a  merchant  of  Kaskaskia,  sent  Le  Lande, 
a  French  Creole,  with  a  quantity  of  goods, 
with  instructions  to  proceed  west  and  up  the 
Platte  river,  and  thence  across  to  Santa  Fe, 
with  the  intention  of  establishing  trade  in 
that  direction.  He  may  have  been  the  first 
American  to  traverse  Colorado.  He  is  said 
to  have  disposed  of  his  merchandise,  appro- 
priated the  proceeds  to  his  own  use,  and  be- 
come a  resident  of  Santa  Fe.  It  may  be  that 
the  credit  should  be  given  to  James  Pursley 
(or  Purcell)  who  was  exploring  the  plains  and 
foothills,  if  not  the  mountains  of  Colorado, 
about  1805.  Some  have  placed  the  date  at 
1802-4.  Pike  found  Pursley  at  Santa  Fe. 
The  latter  had  gold  which  had  been  obtained 
by  him  on  the  Platte,  but  he  had  re- 
fused to  disclose  the  locality  of  his  discovery 
to  the  Spanish.  Pursley  has  been  heralded 
as  a  patriot  for  this  act,  as  the  development 
of  his  discovery,  might  have  encouraged  such 
an  influx  of  Spaniards,  that  it  would  have 
changed  the  civilisation  of  a  considerable 
part  of  this  region,  for  the  southern  and  west- 
ern parts  of  Colorado  were  then  still  Spanish 
territory.  James  Pursley  was  from  Bards- 


town,  Kentucky,  but  some  recent  investi- 
gation is  leading  to  the  belief  that  Pike,  in 
recording  the  adventures  of  the  former,  made 
a  mistake  in  writing  the  name  "Pursley" 
and  that  the  correct  spelling  is  "Purcell." 

Lieut.  Pike,  the  most  illustrious  of  Colo- 
rado explorers,  and  son  of  an  officer  in  the 
American  Revolution,  was  born  near  Trenton, 
New  Jersey,  January  5,  1779.  He  became  a 
brigadier  general  in  the  War  of  1812,  and  lost 
his  life  in  the  battle  of  York  (Toronto), 
Canada.  The  Centennial  of  his  discovery  of 
the  peak  that  bears  his  name,  was  celebrated 
at  Colorado  Springs,  with  imposing  cere- 
monies. Pike's  sword,  the  one  he  was  wear- 
ing, when  he  received  his  death  wounds  at  the 
battle  of  York,  is  now  in  the  State  Museum,  at 
the  Capitol  Building,  Denver. 

Lieut.  Pike  left  St.  Louis,  on  this,  his  sec- 
ond expedition,  July  15,  1806.  Under  in- 
structions from  the  War  Department,  he 
was  to  explore  the  headwaters  of  the  Arkan- 
sas and  Red  rivers,  and  establish  the  author- 
ity of  the  national  government  over  the  Indian 
tribes  of  this  region.  A  surgeon,  an  interpreter, 
and  twenty-one  soldiers  accompanied  him. 
He  was  also  instructed  while  en  route,  to 
conduct  about  fifty  Osage  captives  to  their 
people.  The  expedition  ascended  the  Mis- 
souri river,  and  later,  after  returning  the  cap- 
tive Indians,  Pike  started  overland  for  the 
Pawnee  country  in  Kansas.  Thence  con- 
tinuing their  journey,  the  Arkansas  river  was 
reached.  Lieut.  Wilkinson,  with  five  men,  on 
October  28,  separated  from  the  command, 
descending  that  stream,  the  remainder 
under  Pike,  resuming  their  journey  into  the 
wilderness  beyond  them,  in  the  west.  On 
November  15,  Pike  discovered  the  peak  that 
was  later  named  in  his  honor,  making  the 
following  entry  in  his  journal: 

"After  passing  large  herds  of  buffalo,  at 
about  2  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  I  thought 
I  could  distinguish  a  mountain  to  our  right, 
which  appeared  like  a  blue  cloud;  viewed  it 
with  a  spy  glass,  and  was  still  more  confirmed 
in  my  conjecture,  yet  only  communicated  it 
to  Dr.  Robinson,  who  was  in  front  of  me,  but 
in  half  an  hour,  they  appeared  in  full  view  be- 
fore us.  When  our  small  party  arrived  on 


—13— 


the  hill,   they  with  one  accord,   gave  three 
cheers  for  the  Mexican  Mountains." 

Continuing  their  journey  for  several  days, 
they  encamped  on  November  23,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  small  tributary  of  the  Arkansas,  and  the 
day  following,  at  this  place,  constructed  a 
crude  fortification.  This  picket  post  or  stock- 
ade was  the  first  erected  by  an  American  in 
Colorado.  On  the  24th,  leaving  a  part  of 
his  command  to  guard  the  fort  and  supplies, 
Pike  started  to  explore  the  peak.  He  as- 
cended what  is  supposed  to  have  been  Chey- 
enne Mountain,  only  to  discover  that  the 
"grand  peak"  was  still  beyond.  After  buf- 
feting with  deep  snows,  they  descended  to 
their  camp.  Pike  never  was  on  the  peak  that 
was  later  given  his  name.  On  the  29th  they 
rejoined  those  at  the  fort,  on  the  Arkansas. 
Resuming  their  journey  up  this  stream,  they 
finally  encamped  near  the  entrance  of  the 
Royal  Gorge  and  the  site  of  Canon  City, 
from  which  point,  Pike  explored  a  part  of 
South  Park.  Constructing  another  fort  at 
Canon  City,  and  leaving  a  small  guard  there 
with  his  supplies,  he  resumed  his  journey 
over  the  mountains.  After  passing  up  what 
is  supposed  to  have  been  Grape  Creek 
Canon,  thence  through  the  Wet  Mountain 
Valley,  he  crossed  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  range, 
probably  through  Mosca  Pass,  into  the  San 
Luis  Park,  or  Valley.  Continuing,  and  cross- 
ing the  Rio  Grande,  he  established  his  camp 
lower  down,  and  some  little  distance  up  the 
Conejos,  on  what  is  now  considered  to  have 
been  the  ranch  of  Gov.  Mclntire  of  Colorado, 
where  he  constructed  another  fort.  Here  he 
raised  his  flag,  being  the  first  record  of  an 
American  flag  raising  in  this  state.  He  was 
now  in  Spanish  territory,  for  he  thought  the 
Rio  Grande  was  Red  River.  Here  he  was 
arrested  by  the  Spaniards  and  taken  to  Santa 
Fe,  in  the  meantime,  collecting  his  scattered 
command.  Pike  and  his  men  suffered  in- 
tensely from  cold  and  hunger,  and  under- 
went many  hardships  and  privations,  which 
were  patiently  and  heroically  borne.  Pike 
reached  Natchitoches  in  Louisiana,  July  1, 
1807,  on  his  return. 

In  1807,  Ezekiel  Williams,  a  noted  trapper 
and  hunter,  was  placed  in  command  of  twenty 
frontiersmen,  to  conduct  Big  White,  who  had 
accompanied  Lewis  and  Clark  on  their  re- 
turn in  1806,  to  the  home  of  his  people  in 
the  Mandan  country.  That  year,  the  same 
in  which  Pike  returned,  Williams  left  St. 
Louis,  traveling  overland,  for  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Delivering  Big  White  in  safety 
to  the  Mandans,  Ezekiel  Williams  and  his 
men,  who  had  come  equipped  for  that  pur- 
pose, intended  hunting  and  trapping  in  the 
northwest  and  along  the  Columbia.  But 
meeting  with  reverses  and  losses  of  men  in 

—14 


battles  with  the  Blackfeet,  the  remnant  of 
the  party  drifted  south  along  the  eastern 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  There  was 
almost  continuous  warfare  with  the  Indians, 
gradually  reducing  the  party  to  a  few  sur- 
vivors. Rose,  one  of  the  expedition,  became 
a  renegade  among  the  Crows.  In  1808,  Wil- 
liams reached  the  South  Platte  with  about 
eight  men.  They  were  finally  killed  off  by 
Indians,  (their  last  fight  probably  being  in  the 
vicinity  of  what  is  now  Pueblo,)  except  Wil- 
liams, James  Workman,  and  Samuel  Spencer. 
This  was  the  first  Indian  struggle  between 
Americans  and  Indians  in  Colorado.  They 
separated,  Workman  and  Spencer,  crossing 
the  mountains  to  California  and  after  en- 
during the  greatest  hardships,  returned  later 
to  Santa  Fe,  where  for  a  number  of  years 
they  engaged  in  merchandising.  Williams 
descended  the  Arkansas  in  a  canoe,  thence 
overland  among  friendly  Indians,  and  reached 
the  Boone's  Lick  settlements,  now  Howard 
county,  Missouri.  In  1809,  he  returned  and 
obtained  the  furs  which  he  had  cached  in 
Colorado.  Ezekiel  Williams  was  one  of  the 
defenders  of  old  Fort  Cooper,  in  the  Boone's 
Lick  region,  one  of  several  forts  there  erected 
by  the  pioneers,  to  protect  themselves  from 
the  Indians  during  the  War  of  1812.  Later 
he  became  prominent  on  the  Santa  Fe  Trail. 

August  Pierre  Choteau  and  twenty-one 
others  made  an  expedition  from  St.  Louis 
to  the  South  Platte  region  in  Colorado  in 
1817.  Later  captured  by  the  Spanish  on  the 
tributaries  of  the  Arkansas,  they  were  taken 
to  Santa  Fe,  where  they  were  held  as  prison- 
ers several  weeks,  some  of  them  being  in 
chains. 

In  1819,  under  the  direction  of  John  C. 
Calhoun,  Secretary  of  War,  Major  Stephen 
H.  Long  was  sent  to  the  Rocky  Mountains 
with  an  exploring  party,  leaving  Pittsburg, 
May  5,  that  year.  He  spent  the  winter  of 
1819-20  at  Council  Bluffs,  resuming  his  jour- 
ney in  the  spring,  and  in  June  and  July  ex- 
plored the  headwaters  of  the  South  Platte, 
which  he  followed  from  the  plains.  Continu- 
ing south  over  the  Divide,  he  reached  the 
site  of  Colorado  Springs,  encamping  on  the 
Fontaine  qui  Bouille.  The  boiling  spring 
at  Manitou  was  discovered,  and  Dr.  James 
with  a  small  party  ascended  the  great  peak 
on  July  14,  having  started  to  climb  the  same 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  13th.  Major  Long 
named  it  James  Peak,  in  honor  of  Dr.  James, 
the  first  to  ascend  this  historic  mountain. 
This  name  was  retained  for  a  number  of 
years,  until  it  was  changed  to  Pike's  Peak,  for 
the  gallant  American  who  first  discovered  it. 
This  distinction  should  be  made,  for  this  peak 
had  long  been  known  to  the  Spaniards  in 
their  northern  journeys.  Another  peak 


now  bears  the  name  of  James,  for  this  bold 
explorer,  and  Long's  peak  abides  as  the  name 
for  a  lasting  monument  of  the  leader  of  this 
expedition.  Still  continuing  to  the  south  and 
west  they  reached  the  Arkansas,  discovered 
the  mineral  springs  at  Canon  City,  and  the 
entrance  to  the  Royal  Gorge,  but  no  mention 
is  made  as  to  any  ruins  they  may  have  seen  of 
Pike's  old  fort.  Returning,  the  expedition 
was  divided,  Captain  Bell  with  eleven  men 
going  down  the  Arkansas,  while  Major  Long, 
with  nine  others  started  southward  to  explore 
the  Red  River,  and  after  traveling  in  New 
Mexico  and  to  the  eastward,  reached  Fort 
Smith,  September  13,  1820.  The  unfavorable 
report  that  Long  made  concerning  this  region 
as  to  its  future  in  agriculture,  caused  the 
words  "Great  American  Desert"  to  be  placed 
on  the  map,  a  misfortune  that  for  decades 
impeded  the  growth  and  development  of  this 
section. 

About  1821,  Hugh  Glenn,  an  Indian  trader, 
trailed  up  the  Arkansas  to  the  mountains, 
and  remained  through  the  winter,  in  what  is 
now  Colorado.  A  general  activity  now  per- 
vaded the  western  country,  more  especially 
in  trapping,  hunting,  and  trading  with  In- 
dians. While  William  H.  Ashley,  Manuel 
Lisa,  Jim  Bridger,  Capt.  Bonneville,  and 
others  were  occupied  more  in  the  northwest, 
yet,  important  events  were  taking  place  along 
the  South  Platte  and  Arkansas,  and  more 
especially  the  latter.  Although  some  earlier 
but  unsatisfactory  attempts  had  been  made  to 
open  up  from  the  east,  a  trade  with  Santa 
Fe,  yet  new  conditions  offered  an  outlook 
auspicious  for  the  future.  The  Spaniards 
had  opposed  commercial  relations  with  others 
in  the  interior,  and  had  ever  been  jealous  of 
the  French,  and  later  of  the  Americans,  in 
their  approaches  to  the  west.  But  in  1821, 
Old  Mexico  had  thrown  off  the  yoke  of  Spain, 
and  soon  thereafter  was  opened  with  Santa 
Fe  what  has  long  been  known  as  the 
"Commerce  of  the  Prairies."  Captain  Beck- 
nell  from  the  town  of  old  Franklin,  now  the 
bottom  of  the  Missouri  river,  Howard  county, 
Missouri,  in  1821-2,  started  expeditions  that 
led  to  establishing  the  Santa  Fe  Trail.  In 
crossing  from  the  Arkansas  river  to  the  Cim- 
arron,  Becknell  and  his  men  came  near  per- 
ishing of  hunger  and  thirst.  In  its  earlier 
history  in  Colorado,  this  trail  had  two  routes, 
one  along  the  Cimarron,  which  included  a 
few  miles  in  what  is  Baca  county,  in  the  ex- 
treme southeastern  part  of  the  state,  and  the 
other  continuing  further  up  the  Arkansas 
river,  through  Bent's  Fort,  and  later  cutting 
off  for  Santa  Fe.  This  trail  has  recently 
been  marked  in  Colorado  by  the  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution,  assisted  by  the 
state,  the  general  assembly  appropriating 


$2,000  for  that  purpose.  The  old  official 
survey  of  the  trail  in  what  is  now  Colorado, 
by  the  government,  continued  it  up  the  Ar- 
kansas. The  question  arose  as  to  which  trail 
should  be  marked.  It  was  learned  that  in 
Kansas,  markers  were  being  placed  on  both 
the  Arkansas  river  and  the  Cimarron  routes, 
and  when  the  D.  A.  R.  of  Colorado 
prepared  a  bill  to  be  introduced  in  the  legisla- 
ture it  was  made  broad  enough  to  cover  both 
routes  in  its  provisions.  The  Arkansas  river 
route  has  been  marked,  but  none  have  yet 
been  placed  on  the  few  miles  of  the  Cimarron 
in  Baca  county.  This  trail  in  New  Mexico 
has  also  been  marked,  and  the  same  plan  is 
to  be  carried  out  in  Missouri,  to  the  vicinity 
of  Old  Franklin,  and  probably  the  old  Boone's 
Lick  road  to  the  east,  its  forerunner  in  the 
wilderness  from  St.  Charles,  and  from  thence 
to  St.  Louis. 

The  opening  of  the  Santa  Fe  trail  en- 
couraged the  trapping  and  trading  interests 
in  this  region,  in  which  the  Bent  family,  con- 
sisting of  several  brothers,  Kit  Carson  and 
others  were  prominently  identified.  These 
four  brothers,  William,  George,  Charles,  and 
Robert  Bent,  together  with  Ceran  St.  Vrain, 
in  1826,  constructed  a  stockade  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Arkansas  about  mid-way  between 
what  is  now  Canon  City  and  Pueblo,  but  in 
1828,  moved  it  down  the  river  some  distance 
below  Pueblo.  This  new  and  larger  fort  was 
named  Fort  William  Bent,  in  honor  of  Wil- 
liam Bent,  but  it  was  more  commonly  known 
as  "Bent's  Fort."  It  was  blown  up  by  Wil- 
liam Bent  in  1852,  and  in  1853,  near  the  site 
of  the  more  recent  town  of  Robinson,  he 
erected  a  "New"  Bent's  Fort,  which  was 
conducted  as  a  trading  post,  until  leased  to 
the  U.  S.  government  in  1859.  Col.  William 
Bent  then  established  himself  in  a  new  loca- 
tion near  the  mouth  of  the  Purgatory.  The 
name  of  the  Fort  Bent  leased  to  the  govern- 
ment, was  changed  in  1860,  to  Fort  Wise,  and 
later,  in  1861,  to  Fort  Lyon,  to  honor  Gen. 
Nathaniel  Lyon,  who  was  killed  at  the  battle 
of  Wilson  Creek,  in  the  civil  war.  Owing  to 
washouts,  the  fort  was  removed  about  20 
miles  down  the  river  in  1866. 

In  1832,  Louis  Vasquez,  a  trader,  built 
a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  Clear  Creek,  then 
known  as  the  Vasquez  Fork  of  the  South 
Platte.  Five  miles  below  Fort  Vasquez,  there 
was  soon  after  established  Fort  Sarpy,  near 
what  is  now  the  town  of  Henderson.  About 
twenty  miles  further  down,  Lupton  construct- 
ed Fort  Lancaster,  later  the  name  being 
changed  to  "Lupton,"  in  honor  of  its  builder. 
Near  the  present  town  of  Platteville, 
was  built  Fort  St.  Vrain,  and  the  old  site  of 
the  town  of  Brighton,  was  also  used  for  a 
pioneer  fort.  El  Pueblo,  a  post  on  the  Ar- 


—15— 


kansas,  a  few  miles  above  Fort  William,  was 
more  in  the  nature  of  a  permanent  settlement, 
its  few  inhabitants  being  occupied  in  agri- 
culture, and  some  stock  raising,  affording 
something  of  a  market  for  the  hunters  and 
trappers,  whose  numbers  were  rapidly  in- 
creasing. Some  Mormon  families  commonly 
referred  to  as  the  "Mormon  Battalion" 
spent  the  winter  of  1846-7  at  Pueblo,  leaving 
in  the  summer  for  Salt  Lake.  Several  chil- 
dren were  born  to  them  that  winter  in  Pueblo, 
and  a  baby  daughter  in  the  Kelly  family,  it 
has  been  claimed,  was  the  first  child  born  in 
Colorado,  not  of  either  Indian  or  Spanish 
blood.  About  1850,  Fort  Massachusetts,  was 
built  near  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  pass,  its 
location  being  on  Ute  Creek,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  main  divide.  There  has  recently  been 
some  dispute  as  to  the  exact  site  of  this  old 
fort,  which  was  removed  to  Fort  Garland  in 
1857.  Lafayette  Head,  an  American,  ex- 
tablished  a  Mexican  colony  at  Conejos  in 
1854.  Thus  the  ingress  of  frontiersmen,  and 
the  opening  of  the  Santa  Fe  Trail,  led  to  the 
establishment  of  forts  by  traders,  and  later 
there  followed  feeble  efforts  at  permanent 
settlement,  not  to  be  fully  realized  until 
later,  for  the  period  of  American  exploration 
was  not  yet  ended,  and  much  was  yet  to  be 
accomplished  in  that  line,  and  in  the  making 
of  treaties  with  the  Indians. 

Captain  Bonneville  has  been  credited  with 
touching  what  is  now  Colorado  on  his  return 
from  the  northwest  in  1833,  but  if  so,  he  was 
never  a  prominent  figure  in  the  history  of 
this  section.  Although  an  officer  in  the  army, 
Bonneville  had  fitted  out  his  expedition  at 
his  own  expense,  and  his  name  was  dropped 
from  the  army,  but  afterwards  restored.  The 
next  military  expedition  after  Pike  and  Long, 
that  was  of  special  importance  to  this  region, 
was  that  of  Col.  Henry  Dodge  in  1835.  His 
mission  was  not  so  much  in  the  character  of 
an  explorer,  as  to  effect  treaties  with  the  In- 
dians, and  investigate  the  condition  of  affairs 
along  the  then  Mexican  border.  He  was 
accompanied  by  a  well  equipped  body  of 
dragoons,  consisting  of  forty  men  under  Cap- 
tain Lupton,  thirty  seven  under  Captain 
Ford,  and  forty  under  Captain  Duncan,  two 
swivels  with  which  to  over-awe  the  Indians, 
and  a  train  of  wagons  with  a  large  quantity 
of  supplies.  Col.  Dodge  left  Fort  Leaven- 
worth,  May  29,  1835,  with  Gaptain  Gantt  as 
guide,  and  also  having  with  his  command, 
Major  Daugherty,  the  Pawnee  Indian  agent. 
After  holding  councils  with  the  several  tribes 
while  en  route,  they  came  within  sight  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  July  15,  while  following 
up  the  South  Platte.  Passing  the  mouth  of 
the  Cache  de  la  Poudre  on  the  18th,  they  ar- 
rived on  the  24th,  at  a  point  where  the  South 


Platte  emerges  from  the  mountains.  Con- 
tinuing, they  passed  the  vicinity  of  Manitou 
and  Colorado  Springs,  reaching  Fort  Bent  on 
August  6.  In  this  locality  he  held  councils 
with  the  Arapahoes,  Cheyennes,  and  other 
tribes,  and  further  down  the  Arkansas,  with 
the  Comanches,  and  Kiowas,  etc.,  reaching 
Choteau's  Island,  the  24th;  thence  to  Fort 
Leavenworth,  where  he  arrived  September 
16.  Col.  Dodge  accomplished  an  import- 
ant work  quieting  the  Indians  of  the  plains, 
at  the  same  time  investigating  their  condition, 
and  obtaining  valuable  information  for  the 
government. 

The  explorations  of  John  C.  Fremont, 
which  were  begun  under  act  of  Congress,  have 
important  features,  linked  with  the  history 
of  Colorado.  In  1842,  he  started  west  with 
a  little  more  than  twenty  men.  At  the  forks 
of  the  Platte,  he  continued  up  the  South  Fork, 
to  Fort  St.  Vrain,  while  the  main  party  fol- 
lowed the  North  Fork  en  route  to  Fort 
Laramie.  There  was  nothing  especially 
eventful  in  this  trip  made  by  Fremont  in 
Colorado,  and  he  soon  after  joined  the  remain- 
der of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Laramie,  and 
after  exploring  the  South  Pass,  returned  to 
St.  Louis.  Kit  Carson,  the  celebrated  scout 
and  guide,  and  Lucien  Maxwell,  for  whom  the 
Maxwell  Land  Grant  is  named,  were  com- 
panions of  Fremont  on  this  expedition.  It 
was  but  the  forerunner  of  others,  for  back  of 
it  all  was  the  scheme  to  establish  an  overland 
route  to  the  Pacific.  Fremont  came  west 
with  his  second  party,  numbering  about 
forty  men,  in  1843,  and  was  accompanied 
during  a  part  of  the  journey,  and  into  Colo- 
rado, by  William  Gilpin,  who  in  1861,  was 
appointed  governor  of  this  territory.  After 
reaching  Fort  St.  Vrain,  Fremont  made  sev- 
eral detours,  exploring  the  plains,  extending 
his  investigation  to  the  vicinity  of  Colorado 
Springs,  and  the  small  settlement  at  Pueblo 
on  the  Arkansas.  Collecting  his  scattered 
detachments,  after  exploring  the  sources  of 
the  South  Platte  and  the  Arkansas,  he  re- 
sumed his  journey  to  the  Pacific  coast.  Re- 
turning from  California,  he  entered  Colorado 
from  Utah,  continuing  up  Grand  river,  which 
region  then  abounded  with  vast  herds  of 
buffalo.  He  crossed  the  mountains  at  a 
point  later  known  as  Fremont  Pass.  Emerg- 
ing from  the  mountains,  they  followed  the 
Arkansas  river,  visiting  Pueblo  and  Bent's 
Fort,  the  latter  on  July  1,  1844,  thence  to 
St.  Louis  which  ended  their  journey,  on 
August  6. 

In  1845,  Fremont  with  nearly  an  hundred 
men  started  on  his  third  exploring  tour- 
Kit  Carson,  who  had  accompanied  him  on  his 
former  expeditions,  and  others  of  well  known 
and  tried  frontiersmen,  were  again  his  com- 


—16— 


panions.  Departing  from  Bent's  Fort,  soon 
after  reaching  that  point  early  in  August, 
they  journeyed  up  the  Arkansas  and  over  the 
mountains,  through  Grand  Valley,  into  Utah, 
thence  to  the  great  Salt  Lake,  and  on  to 
California,  where  Fremont,  the  following  year, 
participated  in  the  struggle  California  made 
for  independence.  In  the  Mexican  war  that 
ensued,  several  detachments  of  the  American 
army  rendezvoused  in  the  Arkansas  valley 
near  Bent's  Fort,  and  some  returned  from 
that  war  by  the  same  route.  In  1847  Gilpin 
conducted  an  expedition  against  the  Indians 
in  southwestern  Colorado  and  contiguous  re- 
gion. 

Fremont,  now  becoming  known  as  the 
"Pathfinder,"  left  St.  Louis  Oct.  14,  1848  on 
his  fourth  expedition  for  the  west,  this  time, 
it  being  a  private  enterprise.  He  started 
for  Bent's  Fort  with  thirty-three  men  and 
120  mules,  and  later,  passing  by  Wagon  Wheel 
Gap  in  mid-winter,  attempted  to  cross  the 
San  Juan  Mountains  in  Colorado.  Here,  en- 
countering blizzards  and  intensely  cold 
weather,  and  wandering  in  the  deep  and 
blinding  snow  storms,  Fremont  lost  eleven  of 
his  men  and  all  his  mules.  He  tried  to  place 
the  blame  on  old  "Parson"  Bill  Williams,  the 
guide,  who  was  one  of  the  most  experienced 
in  the  west.  However  that  may  be,  the  expe- 
dition here  ended  in  disaster.  The  scattered 
survivors  of  this  party,  finally  arrived  at 
Taos,  where  Kit  Carson  rendered  them  hearty 
and  much  needed  assistance,  together  with 
the  army  officers  in  that  section.  Through 
their  aid,  Fremont  was  enabled  to  resume  his 
journey  to  California,  where  a  little  later  he 
was  elected  U.  S.  Senator.  Fremont's  fifth 
expedition  to  explore  the  west  was  organized 
in  1853,  in  the  interest  of  a  Pacific  Railway. 
Starting  in  September  and  traversing  the 
plains,  thence  up  the  Arkansas,  he  crossed  the 
Sangre  de  Cristo  into  the  San  Juan  country. 
The  Utes  were  hostile,  and  their  supply  of 
provisions  ran  low.  They  became  so  re- 
duced, that  they  were  compelled  to  kill  their 
horses  for  food,  and  also  ate  the  pulp  of  cactus. 
They  each  took  an  oath  that  they  would  not 
eat  human  flesh.  Probably  this  oath  was 
imposed  because  of  the  rumor,  that  when 
eleven  of  Fremont's  men  perished  in  the  San 
Juan  blizzards  in  his  fourth  expedition,  it  was 
reported  that  some  of  the  starving  survivors 
had  feasted  on  the  bodies  of  their  dead  com- 
rades. After  almost  starving,  and  intense 
suffering,  wandering  westward  from  Grand 
river,  they  finally  reached  a  point,  where  they 
were  succored  by  the  Mormons. 

About  this  time  another  historic  explorer 
entered  the  boundary  of  what  is  now  Colorado. 
He  came  not  from  the  east,  but  from  the  west. 
He  was  Marcus  Whitman,  the  bold  and 


intrepid  missionary  of  the  northwest.  The 
Ashburton-Webster  treaty  was  under  con- 
sideration, and  many  questions  involving  the 
interests  of  the  Oregon  country,  were  agi- 
tating the  public  mind.  Knowing  the  value 
of  the  now  great  northwest,  and  the  fear  that 
it  might  be  lost,  or  at  least  American  interests 
there  endangered,  Marcus  Whitman  made  his 
historical  continental  ride  in  the  winter  of 
1842-3.  England  wanted  Oregon,  and  it  was 
to  save  Oregon  that  Whitman  made  his  ride 
of  over  4,000  miles,  the  most  famous  in 
American  history.  It  was  then  October, 
and  winter  had  set  in  on  the  mountain 
ranges,  but  this  did  not  deter  Whitman. 
With  Amos  Lawrence  Lovejoy,  who  ac- 
companied him  as  far  as  eastern  Colorado, 
and  a  guide,  and  two  or  three  pack  animals, 
he  started  on  this  perilous  journey.  From 
Fort  Hall  to  Fort  Uintah,  they  encoun- 
tered terrible  weather,  and  lost  much 
time  owing  to  the  deep  snows.  At  the  latter 
fort  a  new  guide  was  employed,  and  a  fresh 
start  made  "for  Fort  Uncompahgre  on  Grand 
river  in  Spanish  territory,"  (western  Colorado 
then  being  a  part  of  Mexico).  The  storms  in 
the  mountains  compelled  them  to  seek  shelter 
in  a  dark  defile,  and  here  ten  day's  time  was 
lost.  Their  guide  now  admitted  that  he 
could  not  find  his  way,  and  would  go  no  fur- 
ther. Whitman  returned  to  the  fort  for  a 
new  guide,  leaving  Lovejoy  with  the  remain- 
ing horses,  which  he  fed  on  cottonwood  bark. 
Whitman  came  back  in  seven  days  with 
another  guide  and  the  journey  was  resumed. 
Grand  river  was  reached  and  described  as 
being  600  yards  wide  and  frozen  about  a 
third  the  distance  on  each  bank.  The  guide 
said  it  was  too  dangerous  to  cross,  but  Whit- 
man nothing  daunted,  made  the  first  attempt. 
Mounting  his  horse,  Lovejoy  and  the  guide 
pushed  them  off  the  ice,  into  the  foaming, 
boiling  stream.  Whitman  and  his  horse 
went  under,  but  after  buffeting  the  waves  and 
current,  started  for  the  other  bank,  and  far 
below,  leaping  on  the  ice,  he  pulled  up  his 
horse  by  his  side.  Lovejoy  and  the  guide 
then  successfully  followed.  Traversing  south- 
western Colorado,  they  arrived  at  Taos, 
thence  went  to  Bent's  Fort,  which  was  reached 
Jan.  3,  1843.  It  was  after  a  four  month's 
journey  that  he  arrived  in  Washington  where 
he  informed  President  Tyler  and  other  offi- 
cials of  the  true  condition  in  Oregon. 

In  the  Spring  of  1853,  Captain  John  W. 
Gunnison,  under  the  direction  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  conducted  an  expedition  through 
this  section,  exploring  a  desirable  route  for  a 
projected  railroad  to  the  Pacific  coast.  Fol- 
lowing the  Kansas  river  and  Smoky  Hill 
route,  he  arrived  at  Bent's  Fort,  which  they 
found  in  ruins.  Continuing  west,  they  crossed 


—17— 


what  is  now  known  as  La  Veta  Pass.  Leav- 
ing Fort  Massachsuetts  August  23,  the  San 
Luis  Valley  was  traversed  to  Cochetopa  Pass, 
thence  through  the  mountains  to  that  region, 
where  the  names  of  Gunnison  county  and  the 
Gunnison  river,  now  bear  his  own.  The 
Black  canon  being  impassible,  they  took  a 
course  towards  what  are  now  Montrose  and 
Delta.  Blue  river  was  the  name  applied 
to  the  Gunnison.  They  followed  the  Grand 
for  some  distance,  and  on  the  Sevier  river  in 
Utah,  the  brave  explorer  met  his  death. 
When  eating  breakfast,  just  before  sunrise, 
they  were  attacked  by  the  Pah-Utes.  Fifteen 
arrows  were  shot  into  the  body  of  Captain 
Gunnison,  and,  that  they  might  be  sure  of 
his  death,  the  Indians  cut  out  his  heart. 

One  of  the  interesting  expeditions  through 
Colorado,  was  connected  with  the  Mormon 
troubles  in  1857,  when  Gen.  Albert  Sidney 
Johnston  was  sent  against  them  with  a  large 
body  of  troops.  Their  provisions  running 
short,  Captain  Marcy  was  dispatched  to 
Taos,  New  Mexico,  with  Jim  Baker  as  guide, 
for  supplies.  It  was  a  perilous  and  hazard- 
ous trip,  in  which  many  hardships  were  en- 
dured, but  they  were  successful.  At  the 
time  of  his  visit  to  Denver,  during  a  cele- 
bration of  the  Festival  of  Mountain  and 
Plain,  Jim  Baker,  the  old  scout,  pointed  out 
the  probable  site  of  their  camp,  when  Marcy's 
relief  party  passed  this  way. 

Although  other  explorers,  surveyors  and 
expeditions,  about  this  time,  and  later,  came 
to  Colorado,  the  period  of  frontier  exploration 
and  that  of  the  trapper  and  the  trader,  had 
reached  its  zenith  and  started  on  its  decline. 
For  more  than  300  years  the  region  now  em- 
braced in  Colorado,  was  historically  con- 
nected with  the  explorations  of  the  Spanish, 
French  and  American.  No  prominent  set- 
tlements had  been  established,  but  the  build- 
ing of  the  frontier  posts  was  leading  the  way 
to  more  permanent  advancement.  It  was 
an  age  of  historic  names.  There  were  army 
officers  who  later  became  distinguished  in  the 
Civil  War;  scientists  prominent  in  special 
lines  of  research  accompanied  exploring  expe- 
ditions. In  addition  to  those  mentioned  in 
this  sketch,  could  well  be  added  Oliver  P. 
Wiggins,  the  aged  scout,  and  companion  of 
Kit  Carson,  who  still  resides  in  Denver. 
Recently  there  has  been  erected  the  handsome 
monument  in  Denver,  dedicated  to  the  Colo- 
rado pioneers,  and  the  noble  figure  that 
crowns  it,  is  that  of  Kit  Carson.  There  was 
Maj.  Fitzpatrick,  who  was  the  agent  of  the 
Indians  for  the  upper  Arkansas,  at  the  time 
of  his  death,  about  1855.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Robert  Miller,  who  was  accompanied  west 
by  a  boy  of  eighteen — John  W.  Prowers — who 
later  (1861)  established  the  .first  permanent 


herd  of  cattle  down  the  Arkansas,  their  range 
including  the  region  between  Caddo  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Purgatoire.  Miller  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Col.  A.  G.  Boone,  Indian  agent 
and  commissioner,  through  whom  was  made 
the  treaty  with  the  Indians,  whereby  the 
latter  surrendered  a  large  part  of  the  plains 
to  the  government.  There  were  Col.  Pfeiffer, 
R.  B.  Willis,  Rufus  B.  Sage,  Tom  Tobin, 
Tom  Boggs,  Philander  Simmons,  Jim  Beck- 
wourth,  Pattie,  Nugent,  Sir  George  Gore,  for 
whom  the  Gore  range  and  Gore  canon  were 
named,  Chabonard,  the  Gerrys,  John  Paisal, 
Peter  A.  Sarpy,  Autobeas  brothers,  Robideau, 
Dick  Wooten,  Tim  Goodale,  Maurice,  Col. 
John  M.  Francisco,  and  the  list  could  well  be 
extended.  Col.  Pfeiffer,  companion  of  Kit 
Carson,  was  especially  known  in  southern  and 
southwestern  Colorado.  Jim  Beckwourth,  part 
negro,  was  with  Louis  Vasquez,  at  the  latter's 
fort,  at  the  mouth  of  Vasquez  Fork,  now 
Clear  Creek,  in  the  early  trapping  days.  Col. 
A.  G.  Boone,  a  grandson  of  Daniel  Boone, 
and  secretary  to  Gen.  William  Ashley, 
came  west  about  1824,  and  was  associated  with 
the  Bents,  St.  Vrain,  Vasquez  and  Kit  Carson. 
J.  O.  Pattie,  the  trapper  and  trader, 
in  1824,  lived  a  life  of  thrilling  adventures 
some  of  which  are  described  as  having  occured 
in  Colorado.  J.  A.  Sarpy,  of  French  descent, 
was  from  St.  Louis,  and  erected  the  old 
trading  post  in  Colorado  that  bore  his  name. 
O.  P.  Wiggins  first  came  to  this  region  about 
1834,  and  early  saw  service  with  the  American 
Fur  Company,  and  now  is  one  of  the  few  sur- 
vivors of  the  old  time  trappers.  Col.  John 
M.  Francisco  came  west  in  1839,  was  at  Fort 
Massachusetts  1851,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  La  Veta,  Colo.  Godfrey  and 
Elbrige  Gerrey,  who  were  identified  with  the 
fur  trade  in  Colorado  and  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region,  are  said  to  have  been  descendants  of 
Gerry  who  signed  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence. The  Autobeas  brothers  were  es- 
tablished on  the  Huerfano.  R.  L.  (Dick) 
Wooten,  prominent,  especially  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  state,  was  also,  for  a  short  time 
associated  with  the  early  settlement  of  Den- 
ver. Ruxton  Creek  at  Manitou,  bears  the 
name  of  another  well  known  explorer.  The 
story  is  told  that  Maurice,  a  French  trader, 
built  in  1830,  a  fort  on  Adobe  creek,  in  the 
Arkansas  valley,  and  there  collected  a  small 
Mexican  settlement,  which  in  1838,  assisted 
by  the  Utes,  defeated  the  Sioux  and  Arapa- 
hoes,  after  a  bloody  fight.  The  Vigil,  St. 
Vrain,  Maxwell,  and  other  Spanish  land  grants 
bring  in  the  additional  names  of  such  men  as 
Lucien  Maxwell  who  was  with  Fremont, 
Beaubien,  and  others.  John  Smith,  another 
early  trapper,  was  residing  on  the  site  of  what 
is  now  Denver,  when  the  gold  hunters  came. 


—18— 


Thomas  E.  Breckenridge,  later  of  San  Miguel, 
Colorado,  came  near  perishing  with  Fremont, 
in  the  San  Juan  on  his  fourth  expedition. 

Francis  Parkman  visited  the  St.  Vrain  re- 
gion in  the  early  days.  On  June  23,  1911, 
Centennial  Chapter,  D.  A.  R.,  Colorado,  un- 
veiled a  granite  shaft  on  the  site  of  Fort  St. 
Vrain,  on  which  there  was  the  following  in- 
scription: "Fort  St.  Vrain,  built  about  1837 
by  Col.  Ceran  St.  Vrain.  General  Fremont 
reorganized  his  historic  exploring  expedition 
here,  July  23,  1843.  This  fort  was  also  vis- 
ited by  Francis  Parkman  and  Kit  Carson." 
George  S.  Simpson,  coming  west  from  St. 
Louis  about  1835-6,  was  identified  with  the 
early  history  of  Colorado  and  New  Mexico  as 
a  trader  and  merchant.  He  was  with  Cap- 
tain Marcy  and  Jim  Baker  in  the  relief  expe- 
dition for  Gen.  Johnston's  army  in  the  lat- 
ter's  campaign  against  the  Mormons  in  1857. 
When  Marcy,  in  that  journey,  camped  where 
Denver  now  stands,  George  S.  Simpson  panned 
out  gold  in  Cherry  Creek.  He  married  in 
Taos,  N.  M.,  Nov.  30,  1842,  Miss  Juana 
Suaso  of  Spanish  descent.  While  residing 
at  what  is  now  Canon  City,  Colorado,  in 
1844,  his  daughter,  Isabel,  (later  Mrs.  .Jacob 
Beard  of  Trinidad,  Colo.,)  was  born  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Royal  Gorge.  It  is  claimed  that 
she  is  the  first  child  of  American  and  Spanish 
blood,  born  within  the  boundaries  of  Colorado. 
At  his  request,  Simpson  was  buried  in  a  tomb 
cut  in  the  solid  rock,  near  Trinidad,  known 
as  "Simpson's  rest."  Some  act  of  vandalism 
at  this  tomb,  caused  the  Boy  Scouts  of  Trini- 
dad to  bring  before  the  General  Assembly  of 
Colorado,  in  1911,  the  question  of  protecting 
monuments  in  this  state. 

The  hunters,  trappers  and  traders,  must  now 
give  way  to  the  era  soon  to  come — that  of 
the  gold  hunters  and  the  wild  rush  of  thous- 
ands to  the  Mountains.  George  S.  Simpson, 


of  that  older  type— the  pre-mining  era,  made 
known  in  a  poem,  his  request  to  be  buried  in 
''Simpson's  Rest."  As  it  tells  of  the  heart 
and  sentiment  of  a  brave  and  heroic  class  of 
the  early  Americans  in  the  west,  it  is  herewith 
published. 

Lay  me  at  rest  on  yon  towering  height 
Where  the  silent  cloud  shadows  glide — 
Where  solitude  holds  its  slumberous  reign 
Far  away  from  the  human  tide. 

I  fain  would  sleep  near  the  old  pine  tree 
That  looks  down  on  the  valley  below, 
Like  a  soldier  guarding  a  comrade's  grave, 
Or  a  sentinel  watching  the  foe. 

'Twas  a  refuge  once,  in  the  bygone  time, 
When  a  pitiful  fate  was  near, 
When  my  days  were  young  and  full  of  love 
For  a  life  I  held  too  dear. 

Through  all  the  long  years  that  have  passed 

away 

Since  that  night  of  storm  and  dread 
I've  prayed  that  the  boughs  that  sheltered  me 

then 
Might  wave  o'er  my  dust  when  dead. 

Delve  deep  my  grave  in  the  stern  gray  rock; 

In  its  rigid  embrace  let  me  rest, 

With  naught  but  my  name  on  the  stone  at  my 

head 
And  the  symbol  of  faith  on  my  breast. 

One  mourner  may  remember  where  sleeps 
In  his  rock  ribbed  tomb,  the  lone  dead, 
May  breathe  for  the  loved  one  to  heaven  a 

prayer, 
A  tear  to  his  memory  shed. 

(To    my    administrators,    executors    and 
assigns.)  GEORGE  S.  SIMPSON. 


—19— 


CHAPTER  V. 

Discovery  of  Gold — Wild  Rush  to  the  Pike's  Peak  Region: 


N  1858,  the  discovery  of  gold 
on  Cherry  Creek,  at  one 
time  the  name  of  Denver 
itself,  opened  a  new  era  for 
what  is  now  Colorado.  A 
decade  previous,  gold  had 
also  been  found  in  Califor- 
nia, and  during  that  period 
of  ten  years,  tens  of  thousands  had  crossed  and 
recrossed  the  plains  and  mountains  of  the 
west.  Long  since  the  Santa  Fe  and  Oregon 
trails  had  been  established.  Women  had 
traveled  overland  to  the  Oregon  country  in 
1836.  The  Mormons  had  already  settled  at 
Salt  Lake.  Part  of  the  American  army  had 
traversed  the  southwest,  and  some  through 
Colorado,  in  the  Mexican  War.  Gen.  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston,  who  later  lost  his  life  in  the 
Confederate  Army,  had  led  an  armed  force 
against  the  Mormons  in  1857.  It  was  now 
common  for  men,  women  and  children  to 
cross  overland.  California  trails  were  es- 
tablished. For  these  reasons,  and  others, 
the  days  of  exploration,  in  the  sense  of  those 
of  the  Spanish,  French  and  early  American, 
had  ended  when  considered  in  the  broader 
and  higher  sense.  The  era  of  the  explorer  in 
the  plains  and  Rocky  Mountain  region,  really 
closed  with  the  rush  to  the  California  gold 
fields,  or,  at  least,  should  not  extend  beyond 
1850.  There  have  been  explorations  since, 
and  others  will  come  in  the  future,  but  not 
in  that  grander  list  which  includes  Coronado, 
Moscoso,  Espejo,  Onate,  Pike,  Long,  and 
Fremont's  earlier  expeditions.  Neither  Fre- 
mont's fifth  expedition,  nor  that  of  Gunnison, 
should  be  considered  as  such.  They  came 
too  late.  That  was  simply  frontier  work. 
After  1850,  there  were  explorations,  but  more 
in  the  line  of  investigation  and  development. 
That  was  the  true  meaning  of  the  Pike's  Peak 
mining  excitement.  It  was  development.  There 
was  still  a  frontier,  and  just  as  brave  and 
heroic  work  to  be  accomplished.  It  simply 
differed  in  kind  and  method.  Gold  in  pay- 
ing quantities  was  found  on  Cherry  Creek, 
317  years  after  Coronado  is  said  to  have 
crossed  the  threshold  of  Colorado.  From 
100  to  250  years  prior  to  Cherry  Creek,  the 
Spanish  had  been  engaged  in  mining  near 
Fort  Garland,  and  in  the  San  Juan,  in  the 
Gunnison  country  and  western  Colorado. 


That  is  the  old  and  first  mining  region  in 
this  state.  But  it  did  not  bring  results. 
There  was  no  permanent  development.  The 
slaughter  of  the  bison  or  buffalo,  and  the 
killing  of  the  fur  bearing  animals  during  the 
trapping  period,  while  affording  some  trade, 
was  not  development.  Nothing  was  perma- 
nent. It  was  the  California  and  Colorado 
prospector  and  miner,  who  gave  the  west  its 
first  steady  prop.  He  not  only  timbered 
shafts  and  tunnels,  but  built  homes  and  com- 
monwealths. Thus  was  led  the  van  for  other 
states  in  the  west,  in  the  meantime,  agri- 
culture and  other  industries  taking  hold. 
Every  large  stream,  mountain  range,  and 
extensive  valley  and  plateau,  had  long  since 
been  known  in  Colorado.  The  explorer  had 
early  done  his  work  but  the  west  was  waiting 
— there  was  something  lacking — something 
was  needed.  That  something  came  with  the 
American  miner.  Long's  expedition  had  re- 
sulted in  placing  the  "Great  American 
Desert"  on  the  map,  and  it  was  sometime  be- 
fore the  farmer  learned  through  the  Greeley 
Colony,  and  similar  work  at  Fort  Collins  and 
elsewhere  that  he  had  anything  to  do  in  this 
region,  but  he  later  established  himself  in 
a  most  abiding  and  successful  manner,  and 
he  too  came  to  stay.  If  the  bison  could  live 
on  the  plains,  so  could  cattle,  and  later  there 
followed  the  era  of  the  great  cattle  kings. 

No  one  knows  who  first  found  gold  within 
the  present  confines  of  Colorado.  James 
Pursley  or  Purcell  had  obtained  it  on  the 
Platte  before  Pike  came.  The  Spanish 
and  French  discovered  it.  Early  American 
explorers,  army  officers  and  trappers  gave 
accounts  of  it.  During  the  California  rush 
overland,  many  an  immigrant  picked  up 
specimens,  and  made  successful  tests  for  it 
in  the  sands  of  mountain  streams.  The 
" first"  to  find  gold  in  Colorado  has  not  been 
"discovered,"  but  this  much  is  known,  that 
it  was  the  Pike's  Peak  excitement  that  brought 
results.  Development  followed,  and  per- 
manent settlement,  growth,  progress,  and 
civilization  came  to  the  Rocky  Mountains. 
The  right  people  had  come  to  Colorado  at  the 
right  time. 

There  seems  to  have  been  a  combination 
of  circumstances  that  led  to  the  Pike's  Peak 
excitement,  and  the  mining  of  gold  along 


—20— 


Cherry  Creek  in  1858,  which  resulted  in  the 
founding  of  Denver,  and  the  upbuilding  of 
Colorado.  This  brings  to  notice  and  con- 
sideration, what  is  commonly  known  as  the 
" Cherokee"  story.  A  party  of  Cherokee 
Indians,  who  had  had  some  experience  min- 
ing for  gold  in  Georgia,  followed  the  stam- 
pede to  California.  En  route  they  panned 
gold  from  Cherry  Creek,  also  Ralston  Creek, 
and  small  streams  tributary  to  the  South 
Platte  in  this  locality,  in  1850.  Some  of 
them  urged  a  more  thorough  investigation, 
but  the  majority  had  the  California  fever, 
and  their  journey  to  the  Pacific  coast  was  re- 
sumed. There  is  another  story  to  the  effect 
that  some  Cherokees,  possibly  another  party, 
discovered  gold  on  Cherry  and  Ralston  Creeks 
in  1852,  and  returning,  exhibited  specimens 
of  their  find,  in  Kansas  and  other  sections. 
It  is  well  to  remember  that  the  Cherokees  at 
this  time  were  more  or  less  civilized,  and  their 
expeditions  were  not  conducted  in  the  same 
manner  as  the  nomadic  and  more  warlike 
Indians  of  the  plains.  These  finds  led  to 
what  seems,  later,  to  have  been  several  re- 
ported discoveries  by  Cherokees,  but  possibly 
they  may  be  resolved  into  two  separate  parties 
or  expeditions,  from  which  many  rumors  may 
have  emanated.  John  Smith,  the  trapper 
who  was  living  on  the  site  of  Denver  when 
the  founders  of  the  latter  city  came,  had  been 
engaged  in  1857  in  placer  mining  with  some 
Mexicans  in  this  vicinity,  at  what  were  known 
as  the  "Spanish"  and  "Mexican  Diggings." 
The  Cherokees  returned  from  California, 
disappointed  on  their  venture  in  the  far  west. 
During  the  winter  of  1857-8,  in  the  Missouri 
and  Kansas  river  regions,  and  even  farther 
east  and  south,  there  was  considerable  pub- 
licity as  to  "gold  finds"  in  the  Pike's  Peak 
country.  There  may  have  been  in  this,  a 
combination  of  both  old  and  new  reports. 
The  Cherokees  who  had  been  removed  from 
Georgia  to  the  Indian  Territory,  a  party  of 
whom  had  visited  this  region  in  1850,  when 
passing  through  to  California,  again  began 
agitating  the  question  of  exploring  the  Pike's 
Peak  region.  Some  of  the  Cherokees  who 
had  washed  out  gold  here  in  1852,  may  also 
have  assisted  in  spreading  these  reports.  In 
the  spring  of  1858,  John  Cantrill  with  a  party 
of  traders  from  Salt  Lake,  returning  to  West- 
port,  Missouri,  exhibited  specimens  they  had 
picked  up  on  Ralston  Creek  and  the  streams 
in  this  vicinity.  Some  of  the  party  of  Cap- 
tain Marcy's  command  which  camped  on  the 
Denver  site  in  the  spring  of  1858,  also  found 
gold.  Early  in  1858,  Little  Beaver  and  Fall 
Leaf,  two  Delawares,  when  in  Lawrence, 
Kansas,  also  exhibited  gold  nuggets,  claimed 
to  have  been  obtained  by  them  in  the  Pike's 
Peak  country.  Thus  from  several  and  sepa- 


rate sources,  reports  spread  through  the 
country  to  the  east  and  south  that  there  was 
an  abundance  of  gold  in  this  section,  and 
Pike's  Peak,  being  the  most  prominent  and 
natural  physical  point,  all  these  finds  had 
their  bearings  in  connection  with  that  his- 
torical mountain,  and  hence  the  term  "Pike's 
Peak  Region"  or  "Country",  became  a 
general  one  for  this  entire  section,  although 
the  discoveries  mentioned,  were  made  to  the 
north  of  it,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Denver. 

As  the  Cherokees  had  formerly  resided  in 
Georgia,  the  reports  that  eminated  from  them, 
and  possibly  others,  spread  to  that  state,  and 
came  to  the  knowledge  of  W.  Green  Russell, 
and  others,  later  associated  with  him  in  his 
western  enterprise.  Green  Russell  as  he  is 
commonly  known  had  already  taken  up  a 
land  claim  in  Kansas,  but  was  now  in  Georgia. 
Russell  was  anxious  to  engage  in  the  venture, 
which  finally  resulted  in  an  organized  ex- 
pedition of  whites  and  Cherokees,  known  as 
the  Russell-Hicks  party,  Russell  representing 
the  whites  and  George  Hicks,  a  Cherokee 
lawyer  of  prominence,  being  the  leader  for 
the  Indians.  Russell  was  not  the  original 
discoverer  of  gold  on  Cherry  Creek,  nor  in 
the  vicinity  of  Denver.  Others  had  found 
the  precious  metal  here,  and  the  country  was 
filled  with  the  reports  relating  to  these  dis- 
coveries. Russell  is  entitled  to  historical 
prominence  as  a  promoter  and  organizer, 
and  his  work  gave  a  permanence  to  what  had 
hitherto  been  reports  and  rumors.  Follow- 
ing the  Arkansas  through  Bent's  old  fort, 
and  then  skirting  the  eastern  base  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  passing  Pike's  Peak,  and 
crossing  the  divide,  along  the  old  route  of 
the  Cherokees  in  1850,  they  reached  Cherry 
Creek,  and  with  varying  results  engaged  in 
placer  mining  along  this  stream,  the  South 
Platte,  Ralston  Creek,  Dry  Creek,  and  other 
small  affluents.  The  Cherokees  did  not  long 
remain,  not  encouraged  by  the  outlook,  and 
some  of  the  whites  of  the  original  party,  also 
returned  east,  but  Russell  and  about  a  dozen 
others  continued  in  this  region,  making  fur- 
ther investigations.  He  also  made  a  tour 
of  several  weeks  through  the  mountains,  re- 
turning again  to  this  section. 

The  Russell-Hicks  Company  was  only  a 
few  days  in  advance  of  what  is  known  as  the 
Lawrence  party,  from  Kansas.  The  gold 
that  had  been  exhibited  by  the  two  Dela- 
wares in  Lawrence,  had  aroused  an  interest 
in  the  Pike's  Peak  country.  John  Easter, 
later  well  known  in  the  Cripple  Creek  min- 
ing district,  organized  an  expedition,  and  in 
June,  1858,  was  close  on  the  heels  of  the  Rus- 
sell-Hicks party  of  whites  and  Cherokees. 
After  leaving  Bent's  Fort,  and  following  the 
Arkansas  to  the  mouth  of  the  Fountaine- 


—21— 


qui-Bouille,  and  thence  northward,  they  en- 
camped at  Pike's  Peak  early  in  July,  1858. 
Several  of  them  ascended  the  Peak,  and  among 
the  number,  was  Mrs.  James  H.  Holmes,  the 
first  woman  to  accomplish  the  feat.  These 
Lawrence  people  were  colonizers  as  well  as 
gold  seekers,  and  started  the  town  of  El  Paso, 
now  Colorado  City,  but  disappointed  in  the 
arrival  of  settlers,  the  old  site  of  El  Paso  was 
vacated.  This  party  explored  southward 
and  southwest  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo,  and  later  joined  the  Russell  camp  on 
Cherry  Creek.  Having  failed  in  their  El 
Paso  town  scheme,  and  realizing  that  this 
region  must  have  somewhere  a  commercial 
center,  they  founded  the  town  of  Montana, 
out  near  what  was  later  the  cotton  mills, 
and  thus  Denver  had  its  start.  Here  were 
erected  the  first  buildings  in  the  city,  for  the 
Russell  party  had  been  following  more  of 
camp  life.  Montana  was  later  abandoned, 
and  the  houses  within  a  few  months  were  re- 
moved to  more  favorable  sites,  established 
in  what  is  still  the  boundaries  of  Denver. 
Auraria,  now  west  Denver  was  started  on  the 
west  side  of  Cherry  Creek,  and  St.  Charles 
on  the  east  side,  now  known  as  east  Denver. 
The  following  is  the  record  of  the  founding 
of  St.  Charles: 

"Upon  the  waters  of  the  South  Platte 
river,  at  the  mouth  of  Cherry  Creek,  Arapahoe 
County,  Kansas  Territory,  September  24, 
1858.  This  article  of  agreement,  witnesseth, 
that  T.  C.  Dickson,  William  McGaa,  J.  A. 
Churchill,  William  Smith,  William  Hartley, 
Adnah  French,  Frank  M.  Cobb,  J.  S.  Smith, 
and  Charles  Nichols  have  entered  into  the 
following  agreement,  which  they  bind  them- 
selves, their  heirs  and  administrators,  execu- 
tors, assignees,  etc.,  forever  to  well  and  truly 
carry  out  the  same." 

In  this  agreement  it  was  provided  that 
they  lay  out  640  acres,  and  that  each  member 
have  100  lots  in  the  new  town  site.  It  is  now 
interesting  to  read  the  following  provision 
that  was  incorporated  in  this  old  town  site 
agreement,  that ;  "if  the  country  ever  amount- 
ed to  anything,"  John  Smith  and  William 
McGaa  were  to  "separately  claim  the  frac- 
tional or  westside  section  of  the  creek,  and 
use  their  influence  to  see  that  it  eventually 
becomes  part  of  the  property  of  the  Com- 
pany." Soon  afterward,  Russell  and  his 
Georgians  returning  from  their  trip  of  ex- 
ploration, and  failing  to  enter  into  an  arrange- 
ment with  the  St.  Charles  Company,  founded 
one  of  their  own  on  the  west  side.  It  was 
named  Auraria,  for  a  village  in  Georgia  from 
whence  the  founders  had  come.  Henry  Al- 
len, who  had  arrived  with  an  Iowa  party, 
October  29,  1858,  surveyed  the  townsite,  and 
he  erection  of  cabins  was  begun.  The  most 


of  the  first  town,  called  Montana,  people  and 
houses,  were  moved  to  Auraria,  which,  with 
the  preference  given  it  by  new  arrivals, 
flourished  over  St.  Charles,  its  less  fortunate 
rival.  Another  party  of  Kansans  arrived  in 
November,  and  among  them  were  Gen.  Wil- 
liam Larimer  and  Richard  E.  Whitsett,  who 
revived  the  now  languishing  town  of  St. 
Charles.  The  Larimer  party  on  Nov.  17, 
1858,  changed  the  name  to  Denver,  in  honor 
of  Gen.  James  W.  Denver,  then  Governor  of 
Kansas,  as  this  section  was  then  included  in 
Arapahoe  county,  that  territory.  At  a  meet- 
ing held  Nov.  22,  a  constitution  was  adopted 
for  the  Denver  Town  Company,  with  the 
following  officers:  E.  P.  Stout,  president; 
William  Larimer,  Jr.,  Treasurer;  and  H.  P. 
A.  Smith,  Secretary.  The  Board  of  Directors 
were  :  E.  P.  Stout,  William  Larimer,  Jr.,  R. 
E.  Whitsett,  C.  A.  Lawrence,  William  Mc- 
Gaa, Hickory  Rogers,  William  Clancy,  and 
P.  T.  Bassett.  There  were  forty-one  share- 
holders, each  of  whom,  within  ninety  days, 
agreed  to  erect  a  building  on  one  or  more  of 
his  lots.  Curtis  &  Lowry  were  awarded  the 
contract  to  survey  and  plat  the  town  site  of 
the  original  Denver.  Auraria  afterward  be- 
came a  part  of  the  town,  and  the  east  and  west 
sides  were  incorporated  into  one  city.  Thus 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  old  Denver  came  from 
three  original  town  sites:  first,  Montana, 
located  about  five  miles  up  the  South  Platte; 
second,  St.  Charles,  on  the  east  side  of  Cherry 
Creek;  third,  Auraria,  on  the  west  side.  The 
first  trading  establishment  in  Denver  was 
conducted  by  John  Smith  for  Elbridge  Gerry; 
the  second  by  Blake  &  Williams;  and  the 
third,  by  Richard  Wooten  and  his  brother, 
December  25,  1858. 

A  quiet  winter  was  followed  by  activity 
in  the  spring  of  1859.  Doyle  &  Solomon  then 
arrived  with  several  loads  of  goods  and  opened 
in  Auraria,  a  large  warehouse,  being  a  pre- 
tentious rival  to  the  east  side  (Denver)  where 
St.  Charles  had  first  been  established.  Promi- 
nent among  the  early  arrivals  were  D.  C. 
Oakes,  who  brought  with  him,  the  first  saw 
mill  to  this  region,  and  William  N.  Byers,  the 
latter  arriving  with  a  printing  press  pur- 
chased in  Omaha.  On  April  23,  1859,  Mr. 
Byers  printed  the  first  issue  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  News,  the  first  paper  in  Denver 
and  the  Pike's  Peak  region.  Jack  Merrick 
the  same  day  published  the  first  and  only 
issue  of  the  Cherry  Creek  Pioneer,  but  a  little 
later  in  the  day.  It  was  a  race  between  the 
two  papers  as  to  which  would  "go  to  press" 
first.  The  entire  town  was  interested,  and 
gamblers  were  betting  on  the  result.  From 
stories  handed  down  by  pioneers,  the  Rocky 
Mountain  News,  started  as  a  weekly,  was 
published  from  one  to  three  hours  in  advance 


—22— 


of  its  rival,  which  was  at  once  absorbed  by 
the  News,  it  having  been  purchased  by 
Thomas  Gibson  who  was  associated  with  Mr. 
Byers.  As  spring  advanced,  arrivals  from 
the  east  rapidly  increased.  Men  and  women 
were  coming,  who  were  later  prominent  in 
the  commercial,  political  and  social  life  of 
the  west.  Conditions  were  crude,  but  there 
began  that  evolution  toward  the  high  po- 
sition that  is  now  occupied  by  Denver  and 
Colorado.  Means  of  communication  is  one 
of  the  essentials  of  any  American  settlement, 
but  there  was  no  postoffice.  This  difficulty 
was  removed  by  Henry  Allen,  who  established 
a  private  mail  route  to  Fort  Laramie,  the 
nearest  postoffice,  about  200  miles  distant. 
The  messenger  of  this  improvised  "rural" 
route,  who  left  about  May  1,  1858,  returned 
with  a  heavy  mail  of  letters  and  papers.  But 
in  the  meantime,  the  first  coach  of  the  Leaven- 
worth  &  Pike's  Peak  Express  Company  had 
brought  to  Denver  its  first  mail. 

The  product  realized  from  placer  mining 
in  Cherry  Creek  and  vicinity  was  not  suffi- 
cient to  give  permanency  to  that  industry. 
The  gold  in  the  sands  of  these  streams  at  the 
base  of  the  foothills,  must  have  a  source. 
It  came  from  the  mountains,  and  here  the 
search  was  continued.  This  led  up  to  two  im- 
portant discoveries  which  forever  established 
Colorado  as  a  great  mining  state.  George  A. 
Jackson,  native  of  Howard  county,  Missouri, 
who  had  also  engaged  in  mining  in  California, 
discovered  gold  placers  near  Idaho  Springs,  and 
John  H.  Gregory  opened  the  Gregory 
lode  in  Gilpin  county,  which  led  to  the  min- 
ing and  development  of  fissure  veins.  George 
A.  Jackson  came  in  the  spring  of  1858,  and 
after  a  short  delay  in  Auraria,  proceeded  to 
the  Cache  la  Poudre,  accompanied  by  an  old 
trapper,  Antoine  Janniss,  and  prospected  for 
gold,  also  engaging  in  business  at  a  trading 
post  called  "Laporte."  Later  with  Tom 
Golden  and  Jim  Sanders,  he  established  a 
winter  camp  on  the  site  of  what  is  now  Golden. 
On  January  7,  1859,  he  washed  out  gold  on 
Chicago  Creek,  a  short  distance  above  its 
confluence  with  Vasquez  Fork  (Clear  Creek), 
and  then  returned  to  his  camp  at  Golden. 
In  April,  Jackson  revisited  the  place  of  his 
discovery,  accompanied  by  a  number  of 
Chicago  Capitalists,  whence  the  name  Chi- 
cago Creek,  and  in  a  week's  time,  his  work 
realized  him  the  sum  of  $1,900.  He  sold  his 
interest  in  these  claims,  and  in  1860  was 
operating  in  California  Gulch.  For  many 
years  he  was  a  prominent  resident  of  this 
state. 

John  H.  Gregory  left  Georgia  in  1858,  and 
was  employed  in  driving  a  government  team 
to  Fort  Laramie.  He  had  intended  going  to 
Fraser  river,  but  was  attracted  to  this  section, 


and  became  a  prospector.  Having  been  in- 
formed by  Jackson  of  his  discovery  on  Chi- 
cago Creek,  he  intended  to  meet  the  latter 
at  that  place,  when  he  returned  to  the  scene 
of  his  discovery.  Missing  his  way,  Gregory 
ascended  the  north  instead  of  the  south  branch 
of  the  creek,  and  thus  made  one  of  the  most 
important  strikes  in  the  history  of  the  state. 
He  found  the  Gregory  vein.  Placer  mining 
gave  rich  returns,  but  the  development  of 
great  veins  and  deposits  in  place,  gave  Colo- 
rado its  permanence.  Gregory  was  supplied 
with  provisions  by  D.  K.  Wall,  and  ac- 
companied by  Wilkes  Defrees  of  South 
Bend,  Indiana,  and  William  Ziegler  of  Miss- 
ouri, he  reached  Gregory  Gulch  May  6,  1859 
and  resumed  prospecting,  where  he  had  a 
short  time  previous  obtained  gold,  but 
had  been  driven  out  by  a  snow  storm. 
From  the  rich  "dirt"  of  the  gulch  they  fol- 
lowed it  to  its  source  and  the  Gregory  was 
located  on  the  10th.  These  finds  resulted 
in  a  stampede  to  the  mountains,  and  there 
followed  in  course  of  time,  those  developments 
that  have  made  Gilpin,  Clear  Creek,  and 
Boulder  counties,  celebrated  for  their  rich 
mineral  output.  Chicago  Bar  or  Jackson  Dig- 
gings was  the  name  given  to  the  discovery  of 
George  A.  Jackson.  Nearby  was  Spanish 
Bar,  and  in  the  vicinity  were  developed  the 
Fall  river  and  Grass  Valley  mining  camps. 
The  districts  discovered  in  1859  in  Gilpin 
and  Clear  Creek  Counties,  besides  Gregory, 
were:  Russell,  Spanish  Bar,  Jackson,  Nevada, 
Lake  Gulch,  Griffith,  Illinois,  Central,  En- 
terprise, Eureka,  and  Virginia.  The  thous- 
ands who  now  rushed  in,  led  to  the  founding 
of  Central  City,  Nevada,  Mountain  City, 
Mount  Vernon,  Missouri  Flats,  Black  Hawk, 
Georgetown,  Idaho  Springs,  and  other  min- 
ing towns  and  centers. 

Golden,  where  in  after  years  was  estab- 
lished the  State  School  of  Mines,  was  founded 
at  the  point  where  Vasquez  (Clear)  Creek 
emerges  from  the  canon,  and  soon  became  a 
rival  to  Denver.  It  was  the  shipping  point 
at  the  base  of  the  mountains,  for  these  new 
mining  centers.  In  the  meantime,  the  pros- 
pectors were  extending  their  range  of  opera- 
tions into  Middle  and  South  Parks.  In 
July,  1859,  the  Hamilton  Diggings  were  open- 
ed half  a  mile  below  that  town,  while  about 
two  miles  above  the  latter  place  thrived  the 
new  camp  of  Tarryall.  Breckenridge,  Fair 
Play,  French  Gulch,  and  Buckskin  Joe,  and 
other  mining  camps  were  established  in  that 
section.  In  January,  1859,  gold  was  ob- 
tained at  the  mouth  of  Gold  Run,  a  small 
stream  in  Boulder  county.  In  the  latter  part 
of  that  month,  the  Deadwood  Diggings  were 
opened  on  the  south  branch  of  the  Boulder. 
The  town  of  Boulder  was  founded  in  Feb- 


—23— 


ruary,  1859,  soon  after  the  discovery  of  gold. 
It  is  now  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Colo- 
rado. With  Denver  as  the  center  of  opera- 
tion, there  was  a  general  activity  in  the  min- 
ing industry,  as  then  developed,  but  mainly 
confined  to  the  region  that  has  been  described, 
during  the  period  of  1858-9. 

In  1859,  Denver  and  the  new  mining  camps 
were  visited  by  Horace    Greeley  of  the  New 


York  Tribune,  A.  D.  Richardson  of  the  Bos- 
ton Journal,  and  Henry  Villard  of  the  Cin- 
cinnati Commercial.  They  made  a  favor- 
able report  on  the  mining  conditions  here,  and 
counteracted  detrimental  and  hurtful  state- 
ments published  by  some,  who,  dissatisfied, 
had  returned  to  the  east  declaring  the  claims 
made  for  this  region  were  a  "hoax." 


—24— 


CHAPTER  VI. 

Political  Conditions— Jefferson  Territory  Organized. 


HOUSANDS     had    followed 
the  Pike's  Peak  excitement. 
Personal  rights  and  property 
must    be    protected.     Hun- 
dreds of  miles  intervened  be- 
tween these  pioneers  and  the 
Missouri    river    settlements, 
and  the  seats  of  government 
of  the  newly  organized  territories,  of  Kansas 
and  Nebraska.    Hostile  Indians  held  possession 
of  the  great  plains.     The  dangerous  clouds  of 
the  coming  civil  war     hung   over  the  land. 
Kansas,  the  national  center  of  political  dis- 
cussion, had  been  experiencing  the  throes  of 
the  border  ruffian  struggle.      Colorado    had 
not  yet  been  placed  on  the  map.     Denver 
was  in  Arapahoe  county,  Kansas,  and  Gov- 
ernor Denver  of  that  territory,  had  assumed 
jurisdiction  in  appointing  commissioners.  The 
Kansas  legislature  by  enactments,  considered 
this  section   under  their  law-making  power. 
The  northern  part  of  what  is  now  Colorado, 
in  which  there  had  been  some  settlements, 
was  in  Nebraska  territory.     Utah  and  New 
Mexico    infringed    on    the    west    and    south, 
though  not  specially  involved,  at  this  time, 
as  to  their  rights.     The  farming  and  general 
business  life  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska  were 
not  in  touch  with  that  of  mining  in  this  new 
region.     Mining  litigation,  as  has  been  real- 
ized in  later  years,  may  be  called  a  science  of 
law  peculiar  to  itself,  so  much  so,  that  many 
of  the  great  lawyers  of  the  west  have  made  it 
a    specialty    in    their    practice.     Even    with 
conditions  properly  understood,  Kansas  and 
Nebraska  were  not  prepared  to  govern  and 
control  this  section.     These  were  all  serious 
questions,  that  were  presented  to  the  Colorado 
pioneer.     But  the  American  settler  whether 
the  Cavaliers  in  Virginia,  the  Pilgrims  from 
the  Mayflower,  the  early  immigrants  across 
the  Alleghenies,  and  in  the  Mississippi  valley, 
have  always  been  able  to  become  a  law  to 
themselves,  enforce  peace  and  order,  and  then 
tie  on  in  a  patriotic  manner  to  the  rest  of  the 
country.     But  a  new    mining    region    differs 
materially  in  early  settlement  from  that  of 
an  agricultural  section.      In   the    latter,    the 
growth,  prior  to  the  opening  of  large  areas  at 
one  time  for  settlement  in  the  west,  was  slow, 
and  towns  and  cities  sprang  up  with  the  nat- 

—23 


ural  development.  The  town  and  city  came 
last,  unless  a  fort  was  used  for  protection. 
The  opening  of  Oklahoma,  the  Dakotas,  and 
other  parts  of  the  west,  in  a  later  period,  pre- 
sented something  similar  to  mining  conditions, 
and  the  parallel  of  building  towns  and  cities 
first,  but  in  a  more  methodical  way.  Thus 
municipal  conditions  early  assume  an  im- 
portant position  in  a  new  mining  country. 
The  town  or  city  springs  up  first,  develop- 
ment follows.  It  may  grow  and  become  per- 
manent, or  there  follows  what  is  so  well 
known,  the  "deserted"  camp.  In  the  old 
fashioned  way  of  pioneering,  the  family  went 
together  and  a  social  condition  something 
like  the  old  home,  was  at  once  established. 
The  opposite  of  all  this  was  the  special  feature 
that  marked  the  settlement  of  California  and 
Colorado.  Although  some  brave  and  heroic 
women  were  among  the  first  settlers,  as  a 
rule,  the  first  comers  were  men.  When  woman 
is  not  a  balance  wheel  in  new  social  conditions, 
and  man  is  left  to  himself,  there  is  a  wilder 
life,  such  as  characterized  some  of  the  early 
mining  camps.  But  this  phase  rapidly  dis- 
appears with  the  coming  of  the  wife  and 
children,  and  in  establishing  churches  and 
schools. 

These  were  questions  that  forced  them- 
selves upon  the  Colorado  pioneers.  They  were 
of  the  heroic  type,  and  some  of  them  had  seen 
frontier  life  in  California.  Miners  courts 
were  established  and  their  decisions  and  rul- 
ings recognized.  They  settled  rights  of  prop- 
erty, and  on  their  verdict,  men  were  some- 
times hung.  It  was  but  natural,  under  such 
conditions,  that  some  bad  men  sought  this 
region,  but  they  soon  came  up  against  the 
strong  arm  of  the  law.  There  was  a  struggle 
for  law  and  order,  and  civilization  won. 
Some  held  to  the  belief  that  this  section  was 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  Kansas  Territory, 
and  two  members,  Capt.  Richard  Sopris, 
afterward  Mayor  of  Denver,  and  Edward 
M.  McCook,  later  Governor  of  Colorado 
Territory,  were  elected  to  the  Kansas  legis- 
lature. Denver  had  a  municipal  form  of 
government,  with  considerable  power  and 
jurisdiction.  But  the  great  majority  of  the 
people  were  not  satisfied  with  their  political 
condition.  They  desired  a  state  or  terri- 


torial  form  of  government  of  their  own.  This 
was  carried  out,  and  there  was  organized  a 
Provisional  Government  known  as  the  Terri- 
tory of  Jefferson,  unique  in  American  his- 
tory. 

The  first  important  step  in  the  political 
history  of  this  section  was  the  result  of  a  pub- 
lic mass  meeting,  at  which  action  was  taken, 
requesting  Kansas  to  establish  a  new  county, 
to  be  known  as  Arapahoe,  and  A.  J.  Smith 
was  selected  to  represent  this  proposed  county 
in  the  legislature  of  that  territory.  The  or- 
ganization of  a  new  territory  was  then  advo- 
cated, the  result  of  which  was,  that  at  an 
election  held  on  Nov.  6,  1858,  Hiram  J.  Gra- 
ham was  selected  as  territorial  delegate.  He 
was  instructed  to  go  to  Washington  and  urge 
upon  congress  the  necessity  of  establishing 
the  Territory  of  Jefferson  out  of  the  Pike's 
Peak  country.  The  Kansas  legislature  re- 
fused to  admit  A.  J.  Smith  as  a  member  of 
that  body.  Gov.  Denver,  however,  saw  the 
necessity  of  establishing  Arapahoe  county, 
and  appointed  the  following  commissioners 
for  the  same:  E.  W.  Wynkoop,  Hickory 
Rogers,  and  Joseph  L.  McCubin;  also,  H. 
P.  A.  Smith,  probate  judge.  The  first  elec- 
tion for  Arapahoe  county  was  held  March 
28,  1859,  in  which  774  votes  were  cast, 
Denver  polling  144;  Auraria  (West  Denver) 
241;  and  outside  precincts  (in  Arapahoe 
county)  389.  The  following  were  elected: 
S.  W.  Wagoner,  probate  judge;  D.  D.  Cook, 
sheriff;  John  L.  Hiffner,  treasurer;  J.  S. 
Lowrie,  register  of  deeds;  Marshal  Cook, 
prosecuting  attorney;  W.  W.  Hooper,  auditor; 
C.  M.  Steinberger,  coroner;  Ross  Hutchins, 
assessor;  L.  J.  Winchester,  Hickory  Rogers, 
and  R.  L.  Wooten,  supervisors;  and,  Levi 
Ferguson,  clerk.  The  mission  of  Hiram  J. 
Graham,  the  delegate  sent  to  Washington, 
failed. 

A  meeting  was  held  April  11,  1859,  at  which 
Gen.  William  Larimer  presided,  and  Henry 
McCoy  was  secretary,  and  the  feasibility  was 
discussed  as  to  the  organization  of  a  state  or 
territorial  form  of  government.  At  this 
meeting  or  convention  it  was  resolved: 

''That  the  different  precincts  be  requested 
to  appoint  delegates  to  meet  in  convention 
on  the  15th  of  April,  inst.,  to  take  into  con- 
sideration the  propriety  of  organizing  a  new 
state  or  territory." 

The  people  were  restless.  A  heterogeneous 
mass  had  congregated  here  in  this  section  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  Prompt  action  was 
necessary  to  protect  both  life  and  property. 
They  were  a  patriotic  people,  but  there  was  the 
constant  and  irritating  question  of  jurisdic- 
tion, and  as  to  where  the  authority  was  vested, 
to  control  and  govern.  At  the  meeting  of 
April  11,  a  central  committee  was  also  ap- 


pointed and  empowered  to  designate  new 
precincts,  as  increasing  population  might  de- 
mand. This  committee  met  May  7,  and 
designated  the  first  Monday  in  June  as  the 
date  to  select  delegates  for  the  constitutional 
convention  to  establish  the  State  of  Jefferson. 
On  that  date,  fifty  delegates  representing  13 
precincts,  met  in  Denver,  and  after  a  two 
days'  session,  a  committee  was  appointed  to 
draft  a  constitution  to  be  submitted  to  an 
adjourned  session  of  the  convention,  to  be 
held  the  first  Monday  in  August.  On  the 
re-assembling  of  the  convention,  167  dele- 
gates, representing  46  precincts  were  in 
attendance.  After  a  week's  session,  the  re- 
port of  the  committee,  submitting  a  consti- 
tution to  form  the  State  of  Jefferson,  was 
adopted.  It  also  contained  a  provision  that 
if  it  should  be  rejected,  an  election  should 
be  held  the.  first  Monday  in  October,  to  choose 
a  delegate  to  congress,  to  use  his  influence 
to  secure  the  establishment  of  the  Territory 
of  Jefferson  in  the  gold  region.  It  will  be 
observed  that  there  was  a  wide  difference  of 
opinion,  as  to  whether  they  should  endeavor 
to  carry  out  the  statehood  plan  or  simply  at- 
tempt to  establish  a  territory.  The  consti- 
tution, which  contained  the  alternative  scheme, 
was  defeated  by  a  vote  of  2,007  to  649,  and 
thus  failed  the  first  attempt  for  statehood  in 
Colorado.  Beverly  D.  Williams  was  elected, 
over  seven  competitors,  as  delegate  to  con- 
gress. About  8,000  votes  were  cast,  and 
charges  of  fraud  also  made.  Capt.  Richard 
Sopris,  at  this  election,  was  also  chosen  to 
represent  Arapahoe  county  in  the  Kansas 
legislature,  and  was  given  a  seat  in  that  body. 
Williams  was  not  so  successful  in  Washington, 
but  it  is  probable  that  his  agitation  of  the 
needs  of  this  section,  later  resulted  in  some 
good  in  familiarizing  the  public  as  to  con- 
ditions in  the  Rocky  Mountains.  In  the 
meantime,  those  who  favored  the  territorial 
plan,  had  been  active.  They  had  issued  an 
address  to  the  people,  requesting  that  dele- 
gates be  chosen  at  the  October  election,  to 
establish  an  independent  or  provisional  gov- 
ernment. This  convention  was  convened  on 
October  10th,  with  an  attendance  of  86  del- 
egates. A  new  constitution  was  adopted, 
known  as  "The  Organic  Act  of  the  Territory 
of  Jefferson,"  dividing  the  territory  into  dis- 
tricts and  counties  and  the  election  ordered 
on  the  fourth  Monday  in  October.  The  con- 
stitution was  ratified  by  a  vote  of  1,852  to 
280.  The  following  officials  were  elected  for 
Jefferson  Territory:  Governor,  Robert  W. 
Steele;  Secretary,  Lucien  W.  Bliss;  Auditor, 
C.  R.  Bissell;  Treasurer,  Geo.  W.  Cook;  At- 
torney General,  R.  J.  Frazier;  Chief  Justice, 
A.  J.  Allison;  Associate  Justices,  J.  N.  Odel, 
and  E.  Fitzgerald;  Marshal,  John  L.  Merrickl 


—26  — 


Clerk  of  Supreme  Court,  O.  B.  Totten;  Sup- 
erintendent of  Schools,  Henry  McAfee.  The 
vote  of  Governor  Steele  over  his  opponent, 
J.  H.  St.  Matthew,  was  1,547  against  460, 
and  that  on  the  remainder  of  the  ticket  was 
about  the  same.  The  constitution  of  the 
Territory  of  Jefferson  provided  that  the 
legislature  should  consist  of  a  Council  (Senate) 
of  eight  members,  and  a  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives numbering  twenty-one.  Those 
elected  were ' 

Council— N.  G.  Wyatt,  Henry  Allen,  Eli 
Carter,  Mark  A.  Moore,  James  M.  Wood, 
James  Emerson,  W.  D.  Arnett,  and  D.  Shafer. 

House  of  Representatives — John  C.  Moore, 
W.  P.  McClure,  William  Slaughter,  M.  D. 
Hickman,  David  K.  Wall,  Miles  Patton,  J. 
S.  Stone,  J.  N.  Hallock,  J.  S.  Allen,  A.  J. 
Edwards,  A.  McFadden,  Edwin  James,  T.  S. 
Golden,  J.  A.  Gray,  Z.  Jackson,  S.  B.  Kellogg, 
William  Davidson,  C.  C.  Post,  Asa  Smith, 
and  C.  P.  Hall. 

The  region  included  in  the  territory  of 
Jefferson,  was  considerably  larger  than  the 
present  confines  of  Colorado.  The  eastern 
and  southern  boundaries  were  approximately 
on  the  same  line  as  they  exist  at  present,  but 
the  northern  coincided  with  that  of  the  north- 
ern line  of  Nebraska,  while  the  western 
boundary  of  Jefferson  included  about  a  third 
of  the  eastern  part  of  what  is  now  Utah.  Al- 
though the  population  was  congested  within 
only  a  small  part  of  this  area,  an  ambitious 
future  was  planned.  The  machinery  of  the 
Provisional  Government  was  put  in  motion 
at  once,  which  afforded  the  inhabitants  a 
kind  of  three  headed  jurisdiction.  There 
were  the  miners  courts,  peculiar  to  themselves; 
there  was  an  allegiance  due  to  Kansas,  as 
Arapahoe  county  formed  a  part  of  that  ter- 
ritory; and,  now  had  been  organized  the  new 
Territory  of  Jefferson,  exercising  all  the  func- 
tions inherent  in  such  a  form  of  government. 
Further  complications  ensued  as  the  northern 
part  of  this  region  constituted  a  part  of 
Nebraska.  One  of  the  strong  arguments 
urged  against  any  exercise  of  authority  by 
either  Kansas  or  Nebraska  over  this  section, 
was,  that  the  Indian  tribes  not  having  re- 
leased their  titles  to  their  lands,  that  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Jefferson  had  an  equal  if  not  better 
right,  to  do  so. 

On  Nov.  7,  1859,  the  provisional  legisla- 
ture of  the  Territory  of  Jefferson  was  convened 
in  Denver,  and  Gov.  Steele  delivered  his  mes- 
sage to  that  body.  He  reviewed  the  con- 
ditions that  had  brought  about  their  present 
provisional  form  of  government.  He  began 
his  message  as  follows: 

"It  becomes  my  duty  as  the  chief  execu- 
tive officer  for  the  newly  organized  Provis- 
ional Government  of  this  Territory,  to  make 


at  this  time  such  recommendations  and  sug- 
gestions to  your  honorable  bodies,  as  I  may 
deem  proper  to  secure  the  well  being  and 
prosperity  of  our  adopted  country,  which 
from  unmistakable  indications  is  soon  to 
grow  into  an  important  state." 

Referring  to  the  gold  discoveries,  the  gov- 
ernor said: 

"Prior  to  the  summer  of  1858,  the  region 
now  known  as  Jefferson  Territory  possessed 
in  the  public  estimation  no  superior  attrac- 
tions for  the  pioneer  settler  over  other  por- 
tions of  the  public  domain  in  the  possession 
of  the  aboriginal  tribes.  During  that  season, 
certain  adventurous  spirits,  led  on  by  a  de- 
sire to  prove  or  disprove  the  various  rumors 
of  rich  mineral  deposits,  which  had  been  in 
circulation,  of  the  unexplored  regions  at  the 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  prospected 
the  eastern  slope  from  Fort  Laramie  to  the 
Spanish  Peaks  in  New  Mexico,  and  they  gave 
to  the  world  as  the  result  of  their  explorations, 
accounts  of  their  finding  gold  in  nearly  all  of 
the  mountain  streams  and  in  the  foot  plains 
at  their  base.  Their  report  spread  rapidly, 
and  ere  the  beginning  of  the  winter  of  1858 
and  '59,  near  1,000  people  had  made  their 
way  to  the  scenes  of  these  explorations,  and 
were  busy  in  prospecting  and  preparing 
shelter  and  sustenance  for  the  winter.  With 
the  early  emigration  came  the  spirit  of  active 
enterprise,  so  peculiar  to  the  Great  West. 
Soon  improvements  of  all  kinds  began  to 
show  themselves  over  the  country,  town  sites 
were  located,  farms,  ranches  and  garden  spots, 
dotted  our  rich  valleys,  and  the  plans  for  a 
prosperous  and  happy  future  were  speedily 
framed." 

Thus  this  message  not  only  gives  official  ut- 
terance as  to  the  mining  conditions,  but  shows 
that  attempts  were  early  made  in  agricultural 
pursuits.  Continuing,  Gov.  Steele  said : 

"The  necessity  was  at  once  felt  for  some 
law  or  rule  of  action  to  regulate  the  trans- 
actions of  man  with  man,  and  to  secure  life 
and  property  from  the  ruthless  hand  of  the 
felon.  A  vigilance  committee,  the  first  re- 
source of  an  isolated  and  exposed  community, 
was  organized,  and  certain  offenses  occurring 
during  the  winter  and  spring  were  taken  cog- 
nizance of.  But  a  more  perfect  form  of  gov- 
ernment than  was  afforded  by  a  vigilance 
committee  was  needed." 

What  an  historical  document  was  that 
first  message  by  a  Colorado  governor,  for  the 
old  Jefferson  Territory  is  the  Colorado  of 
to-day!  A  vigilance  committee  had  punished 
certain  offenses.  Who  had  prescribed  what 
should  constitute  an  offense?  They  were 
far  distant  from  any  constitutional  law  mak- 
ing authority.  It  was  the  development  of 
the  inherent  spirit  of  civilization  that  has 


—27— 


always  characterized  the  American  pioneer. 
He  always  makes  a  winning  fight  for  the 
maintenance  of  law  and  order.  Gov.  Steele 
does  not  use  the  word  lynching,  or  kindred 
words,  but  politely  says  these  offenses  "were 
taken  cognizance  of."  The  message  then 
recites  the  historical  events  leading  up  to  the 
formation  of  the  Provisional  Government. 
The  condition  of  the  people  was  set  forth  by 
the  governor,  in  part,  as  follows: 

"Our  Territory  occupies  an  isolated  po- 
sition, separated  from  the  seats  of  government 
of  Kansas  and  Nebraska  by  a  distance  of 
about  700  miles,  200  of  which  is  an  almost 
sterile  plain.  Our  interests  and  avocations 
differ  so  widely  from  those  of  the  citizens  of 
either  of  the  aforementioned  territories,  or 
any  other  from  which  our  territory  is  formed, 
that  it  is  utterly  impossible  for  us  to  be  suc- 
cessfully incorporated  with  them  in  the  same 
civil  organization.  An  organization  of  a 
county  or  counties,  has  been  attempted  by 
the  legislature  of  Kansas  Territory,  but  which 
action  has  been  utterly  abortive  and  in- 
operative in  its  effects.  It  is  apparent  that 
any  jurisdiction  of  Kansas  Territory  over 
this  country,  is  expressly  prohibited  by  the 
19th  section  of  her  organic  act.  Hence  this 
pretended  organization  has  proven  totally 
inadequate  to  our  wants,  having  only  the 
shadow,  without  the  living  substance  of  gov- 
ernment. We  have  had  no  courts  of  either 
criminal  or  civil  jurisdiction,  either  original  or 
appellate.  Life  and  property  were  insecure, 
and  crime  was  unpunished  and  to  a  great  ex- 
tent unrebuked." 

Gov.  Steele  then  gives  utterance  to  the 
following  patriotic  statement: 

"There  can  be  no  conflict  with  the  laws  of 
the  United  States,  nor  any  disrespect  shown 
to  the  Federal  Congress  by  taking  the  first 
and  best  course  for  the  mutual  protection, 
safety,  and  happiness  to  the  people  of  the 
Territory  of  Jefferson,  when  the  exigencies 
of  the  case  so  imperatively  demanded  action 
in  the  premises." 

The  message  of  Gov.  Steele  throughout  is 
able,  dignified,  conservative  and  patriotic. 
It  tells  the  simple  story  that  the  American 
is  always  prepared  and  ready  to  solve  the 
question  of  self  government,  amid  doubtful 
and  adverse  conditions. 

The  laws  enacted  by  the  General  Assembly 
of  Jefferson  Territory,  in  November  and 
December,  1859  and  January,  1860,  com- 
prising a  volume  of  303  pages,  is  now,  one  of 
the  rarest  volumes  in  American  jurisprudence, 
and  is  eagerly  sought  by  historical  societies, 
libraries,  and  students  of  political  history. 

On  October  22,  1860,  Governor  Steele  was 
re-elected,  together  with  the  following:  Sec- 
retary, L.  W.  Bliss;  Auditor,  C.  R.  Bissell; 


Attorney-General,  Samuel  McLean;  Chief 
Justice,  J.  B.  Smith;  Associate  Justices,  Wil- 
liam Brackett,  and  C.  C.  Post;  and,  Marshal, 
R.  Borton.  Denver  now  had  also  organized  a 
Provisional  City  Government,  which  weakened 
that  of  Jefferson  Territory.  Land  Claim 
Courts  had  also  become  influential.  Liti- 
gants having  failed  in  one  jurisdiction,  with- 
out the  regular  "change  of  venue,"  would 
carry  their  cases  to  rival  courts,  and  the  con- 
dition still  remained  unsatisfactory.  It  was 
with  difficulty  that  a  quorum  was  maintained 
during  the  second  session  of  the  General  As- 
sembly of  Jefferson  Territory,  the  latter  part 
of  which  was  held  by  that  body  in  Golden. 

In  the  meantime  immigrants  were  coming 
and  going,  but  notwithstanding  the  fluctu- 
ation in  population,  there  was  a  gradual,  but 
sometimes  slow  development  of  the  mining 
industry.  Late  in  1859,  rich  placers  were 
discovered  in  California  Gulch,  where  about 
twenty  years  later  was  established  the  great 
carbonate  camp  of  Leadville.  In  the  spring 
of  1860,  this  gulch,  and  the  headwaters  of  the 
Arkansas  were  thronged  with  thousands  of 
miners  and  prospectors.  For  a  time,  Cali- 
fornia Gulch  yielded  rich  returns,  but  no 
one  then  dreamed  of  the  Leadville  that  was 
to  come,  in  that  locality,  which  was  also  to  be 
the  forerunner  to  the  opening  of  the  Gunni- 
son  and  the  western  slope.  In  1860,  Baker's 
Park,  in  the  San  Juan  was  prospected,  and 
in  this  party  was  Benjamin  H.  Eaton,  later 
Governor  of  Colorado.  Their  discoveries, 
made  while  enduring  the  severest  hardships, 
in  exploring  Baker's  Park  and  that  region, 
awakened  an  interest  that  resulted  in  the 
founding  of  Silverton,  and  later,  the  estab- 
lishing of  mining  centers  in  the  San  Juan 
region. 

Two  duels  took  place  in  Denver  in  the 
early  days.  William  P.  McClure  and  Richard 
E.  Whitsett,  as  the  result  of  a  private  quarrel, 
fought  a  duel,  October  19,  1859,  McClure 
sending  the  challenge,  which  was  promptly 
accepted.  Using  Colt's  navy  revolvers,  they 
met  about  a  mile  up  Cherry  Creek,  with  their 
seconds,  and  at  a  distance  of  ten  paces,  fired. 
McClure  fell,  badly  wounded,  but  later  re- 
covered. Owing  to  a  political  quarrel  in 
March,  1860,  Dr.  J.  S.  Stone,  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  Jefferson  Territory,  challenged 
L.  W.  Bliss,  the  secretary  of  the  territory. 
Double  barreled  shot  guns  were  the  weapons 
selected,  to  be  loaded  with  bullets,  and  the 
distance  was  set  at  thirty  paces.  The  meet- 
ing place  was  on  the  north  side  of  the  Platte. 
Dr.  Stone  fell  mortally  wounded,  and  died 
after  a  lingering  illness,  and  suffering  intense- 
ly from  his  wound.  W.  N.  Byers  was  fearless 
in  denouncing  crime  and  murder,  and  at  one 
time  was  threatened  by  a  mob. 


—28— 


In  1860,  Clark  &  Gruber  established  a 
banking  and  assay  office,  and  then  started  a 
mint,  there  being  at  that  time  no  law  against 
private  coinage.  They  coined  $2.50,  $5.,  $10., 
and  $20.  gold  pieces.  The  pony  express  was 
established  in  1860. 

On  February  28,  1861,  President  Buchanan 
signed  the  organic  act,  by  which  Colorado  be- 
came a  territory,  and  Jefferson  Territory  with 
its  Provisional  Government  disappeared.  Ida- 
ho and  other  names  were  suggested,  but  with- 
out avail.  The  boundaries  of  the  Territory 
as  established  by  the  act  of  congress  were 
included  in  a  region  between  the  37th  and 
41st  parallels  of  latitude,  and  the  102nd  and 


109th  meridians  of  longitude,  forming  an 
oblong  square  with  an  area  of  about  104,000 
square  miles.  All  of  Colorado  south  of  the 
Arkansas,  and  between  that  stream  and  the 
Rio  Grande;  and  also  between  lines  drawn 
from  the  sources  of  these  two  streams  to  the 
northern  boundary,  came  from  what  was  a 
part  of  the  Texas  Cession.  Thus  this  section 
of  the  state  has  an  historical  link  with  the 
struggle  of  Texas  for  independence,  the  battles 
of  San  Jacinto,  and  the  death  struggle  at  the 
Alamo.  The  Louisiana  Purchase,  and  part 
of  New  Mexico  (which  also  included  a  por- 
tion of  the  Texas  Cession)  and  Utah,  all  con. 
tributed  to  the  boundaries  of  Colorado. 


—29— 


CHAPTER  VII. 

Colorado  Territory — Administrations  of  Governors  Gilpin 
and  Evans — The  Civil  War  Period. 


OLORADO  now  a  territory, 
after  a  long  political  struggle, 
was  in  touch  with  the  nation- 
al government.  Persistent 
agitation  at  Washington,  in 
the  presentation  of  their 
claims  for  recognition,  had 
been  successful.  On  March 
22,  1861,  President  Lincoln  sent  the  following 
nominations  to  the  senate,  as  the  first  officials 
for  the  new  territory,  which  were  promptly 
confirmed;  Governor,  William  Gilpin  of  Mis- 
souri; Secretary,  Lewis  Ledyard  Weld  of 
Colorado;  Attorney  General,  William  L. 
Stoughton  of  Illinois;  Surveyor  General, 
Francis  M.  Case  of  Ohio;  Marshal,  Copeland 
Townsend  of  Colorado;  Chief  Justice  of  the 
Supreme  Court,  B.  F.  Hall  of  New  York; 
Associate  Justices,  S.  Newton  Pettis  of  Penn- 
sylvania, and  Charles  Lee  Armour  of  Ohio. 
Within  a  short  time,  James  E.  Dalliba,  suc- 
ceeded Stoughton  as  Attorney  General.  Gov- 
ernor Gilpin  arriving  in  Denver  May  29, 
1861,  was  accorded  a  hearty  welcome,  and 
soon  assumed  the  reins  of  government.  Gov. 
Steele  of  Jefferson  Territory,  on  June  6,  is- 
sued a  proclamation,  and  after  reciting  the 
change  in  affairs,  added: 

"I  deem  it  but  obligatory  upon  me,  by 
virtue  of  my  office,  to  'yield  unto  Caesar  the 
things  that  are  Caesar's,'  and  I  hereby  com- 
mand and  direct  that  all  officers  holding 
commissions  under  me,  especially  all  judges, 
justices  of  the  peace,  etc.,  etc.,  shall  surrender 
the  same,  and  from  and  after  this  date,  shall 
abstain  from  exercising  the  duties  of  all  the 
offices  they  may  have  held,  and  yield  obedi- 
ence to  the  laws  of  the  United  States,  and 
do  it  by  attending  to  their  proper  and  legiti- 
mate avocations,  whether  agriculture  or 
mining." 

Governor  Gilpin  was  already  distinguish- 
ed as  a  soldier,  and  an  explorer.  He  was 
a  major  with  Doniphan's  men  in  the  Mexican 
War,  and  had  led  an  expedition  against  the 
Indians  in  the  southwest  in  1847.  He  was 
with  Fremont  in  Colorado  in  1843,  and  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  northwest  and  the 
Oregon  country.  Always  enthusiastic  con- 


cerning the  west,  and  its  future,  he  was  some- 
times called  a  dreamer,  but  the  old  "Gilpin 
Dreams"  have  more  than  been  fulfilled  and 
realized.  The  new  states  of  which  Colorado 
is  one,  have  and  are  now  developing  the  re- 
sources of  the  great  empire  that  he  predicted. 
Under  the  instruction  of  congress,  Gov.  Gil- 
pin  ordered  a  census  taken,  with  the  result 
that  Denver  had  a  population  of  less  than 
3,000.  The  total  for  the  territory  was  25,331, 
divided  as  follows:  white  males  over  21  years 
of  age,  18,136;  under  21  years  of  age,  2,622; 
females,  4,484;  and  negroes,  89.  The  ju- 
dicial districts  were  organized  and  the  judges 
assigned.  The  governor  issued  a  procla- 
mation, dividing  the  territory  into  nine  coun- 
cil and  thirteen  representative  districts,  and 
an  order  made  for  the  election  of  the  terri- 
torial legislature,  and  a  delegate  to  congress. 
Hiram  P.  Bennett  was  elected  territorial 
delegate,  receiving  6,699  votes  as  against 
2,898  cast  for  his  opponent,  Beverly  D.  Wil- 
liams. 

The  first  territorial  legislature  was  con- 
vened in  Denver,  Sep.  9,  1861,  adjourning 
Nov.  7,  that  year,  and  was  composed  of  the 
following  members.: 

Council  (Senate) — Hiram  J.  Graham, 
Amos  Steck,  Charles  W.  Mather,  H.  F.  Parker, 
A.  U.  Colby,  S.  M.  Robbins,  E.  A.  Arnold, 
R.  B.  Willis,  and  J.  M.  Francisco. 

House  of  Representatives  (after  certain 
contests  had  been  settled) — Daniel  Steele, 
Charles  F.  Holly,  E.  S.  Wilhite,  Edwin  Scud- 
der,  William  A.  Rankin,  Jerome  B.  Chaffee, 
James  H.  Noteware,  O.  A.  Whittemore,  Dan- 
iel Witter,  George  F.  Crocker,  Jose  Victor 
Garcia,  Jesus  M.  Barella,  and  George  M 
Chilcott. 

E.  A.  Arnold  of  Lake  county  was  elected 
president  of  the  Council,  S.  L.  Baker,  secre- 
tary, David  A.  Cheever,  assistant  secretary, 
and  E.  W.  Kingsbury,  sergeant-at-arms. 
The  house  organized  with  Charles  F.  Holly 
of  Boulder,  as  speaker,  F.  H.  Page,  chief 
clerk,  and  E.  P.  Elmer,  sergeant-at-arms. 

Governor  Gilpin  completed  the  territorial 
organization  in  making  the  following  ap- 
pointments: Treasurer,  James  P.  Benson 


—30— 


(succeeded  by  George  T.  Clark);  Auditor, 
Milton  M.  DeLano;  and,  Superintendent  of 
Schools,  William  J.  Curtice.  The  legislature 
divided  the  territory  into  seventeen  counties, 
which  were:  Arapahoe,  Boulder,  Clear  Creek, 
Costilla,  Douglas,  El  Paso,  Fremont,  Gilpin, 
Gaudaloupe,  (a  few  days  later  changed  to 
Conejos),  Huerfano,  Jefferson,  Lake,  Larimer, 
Park,  Pueblo,  Summit,  and  Weld.  An  act 
was  passed  at  the  first  session  of  the  Colorado 
legislature,  locating  the  capital  at  "the  town 
of  Colorado  City,  situated  on  the  east  bank  of 
the  Fontaine  qui  Bouille,  at  the  mouth  of 
Camp  Creek."  S.  L.  Baker  of  Central  City, 
E.  B.  Cozzens  of  Pueblo,  and  J.  M.  Holt  of 
Gold  Hill,  were  designated  the  commis- 
sioners to  select  the  exact  site  for  the  capitol 
and  other  territorial  buildings. 

In  the  midst  of  the  organization  of  the  new 
territory,  and  putting  into  operation  the  ex- 
ecutive, judicial,  legislative  departments,  and 
the  several  county  administrations,  the  civil 
war  had  begun.  Even  before  the  arrival  of 
Gov.  Gilpin,  the  people  of  Colorado  were  agi- 
tated by  the  issues  of  the  civil  war.  The 
southern  influence  was  strong  in  this  region 
at  that  time.  Green  Russell  who  led  the  ex- 
pedition to  Cherry  Creek,  and  John  Gregory 
who  discovered  the  Gregory  vein,  were  from 
Georgia,  while  George  A.  Jackson,  who  open- 
ed the  rich  placers  near  Idaho  Springs,  was 
a  native  of  Missouri.  These  historical  in- 
cidents are  mentioned,  but  to  illustrate 
many  others  that  could  be  cited,  to  show  the  in- 
fluence of  the  south  in  this  section.  A  large 
part  of  the  early  immigration  to  the  Rocky 
Mountains  at  that  time,  was  from  Southern 
states.  Yet,  the  north  was  ably  represented, 
and  historically  speaking,  the  Lawrence  party 
from  Kansas,  was  only  a  few  days  behind 
Green  Russell  and  his  Georgians.  Although 
the  Northern  influence  was  the  stronger  and 
prevailed,  yet  that  of  the  South  was  not  in- 
significant. A  great  mass  meeting  was  held  the 
latter  part  of  April,  1861,  in  front  of  the  Tre- 
mont  House,  Denver,  at  which  Richard  So- 
pris  presided  and  Scott  J.  Anthony  was  secre- 
tary. Patriotic  speeches  were  made,  and 
many  of  the  leading  democrats  joined  with 
the  republicans  in  pledging  Colorado  to  the 
Union,  and  resolutions  were  adopted  to  that 
effect.  Richard  Sopris  sent  the  following 
dispatch  to  President  Lincoln: 

"The  eyes  of  the  whole  world  are  upon 
you;  the  sympathies  of  the  American  people 
are  with  you;  and  may  the  God  of  Battles 
sustain  the  Stars  and  Stripes." 

Similar  patriotic  meetings  were  held  in 
other  parts  of  the  state.  In  the  midst  of 
this  agitation,  one  day  a  confederate  flag  was 
raised  over  the  store  of  Wallingford  &  Mur- 
phy, on  Larimer  street,  near  16th.  Its  re- 


moval by  force  was  threatened  by  a  large 
crowd  that  assembled,  but  more  peaceful 
counsel  prevailed.  Still  the  incident  gave 
sufficient  warning  of  the  prevailing  sentiment, 
and  the  confederate  flag  was  taken  down,  the 
owners  having  been  given  notice  that  Den- 
ver was  a  loyal  city. 

Gov.  Gilpin,  a  soldier  of  the  Florida  and 
Mexican  wars,  and  experienced  as  well  in 
Indian  campaigns,  began  to  prepare  for  the 
coming  crisis.  The  1st  Colorado  Volunteer 
Infantry  was  soon  raised,  with  J.  P.  Slough, 
Colonel,  Samuel  F.  Tappan,  Lieut.  Colonel, 
and  John  M.  Chivington,  Major.  Supplies 
and  equipment  were  secured.  Zealous  and 
patriotic  in  a  good  cause,  Gov.  Gilpin  issued 
drafts,  aggregating  a  large  amount,  on  the 
war  department  to  maintain  and  equip  these 
troops.  Colorado  merchants  accepted  the 
Gilpin  drafts  as  money,  and  were  astounded 
when  Salmon  P.  Chase,  secretary  of  the 
treasury,  refused  to  honor  and  pay  the  same. 
He  held  that  Gov.  Gilpin  was  without  au- 
thority to  issue  these  drafts.  Merchants  be- 
came clamorous  for  their  money,  which  was 
finally  paid.  While  Gov.  Gilpin  has  always 
been  credited  with  a  lofty  and  patriotic  pur- 
pose; and,  although  the  results  later,  but  em- 
phasized the  necessity  to  make  hurried  prepa- 
rations to  protect  and  save  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains to  the  Union,  yet  in  his  unauthorized 
acts  probably  lay  the  main  reason  for  his 
removal,  and  the  appointment  of  Dr.  John 
Evans  as  his  successor. 

In  the  meantime  Gov.  Gilpin  was  raising 
and  equipping  troops,  and  the  1st  Colorado 
was  rapidly  making  history.  The  southern 
influence  proving  unequal  to  the  northern 
sentiment  in  this  territory,  an  attempt  was 
made  to  obtain  possession  of  Colorado  by 
another  means,  hold  the  mountain  passes,  and 
cut  off  California  and  the  Pacific  coast.  This 
led  to  what  is  known  as  the  Colorado-New 
Mexico  campaign  of  1861-62.  The  1st  Colo- 
rado was  called  into  the  field  to  assist  in  re- 
pelling the  invasion.  Two  independent  and 
unattached  Colorado  companies,  commanded 
by  Captains  T.  H.  Dodd  and  James  H.  Ford, 
who  for  a  time  had  been  stationed  at  Fort 
Garland,  were  now  in  New  Mexico,  and  also 
participated  in  this  New  Mexico  campaign. 
Gen.  H.  H.  Sibley  with  about  4,000  con- 
federate troops  from  Texas  and  the  southwest, 
was  coming  northwest  to  attack  the  Union 
forces  under  Gen.  R.  S.  Canby,  who  had  al- 
ready met  with  a  repulse  at  Valverde.  In 
that  fight,  the  independent  Colorado  troops 
made  a  gallant  stand,  but  the  inexperienced 
militia  of  New  Mexico  gave  way,  and  the 
Union  forces  were  compelled  to  retire.  The 
1st  Colorado  was  now  hastened  to  Fort 
Union,  New  Mexico,  a  part  of  the  regiment 


—31— 


reaching  that  point,  March  10.  On  March 
26,  Major  Chivington  defeated  Sibley's  ad- 
vance in  Apache  Canon.  On  the  28th,  the 
main  command  of  the  Coloradoans,  under 
Col.  Slough,  was  attacked  by  the  Con- 
federates at  Pigeon's  Ranch  and  was  slowly 
being  driven  back  by  a  larger  force  of  the 
enemy,  when  Major  Chivington  came  up  with 
a  vigorous  attack  in  the  rear,  and  saved  the 
day.  This  sudden  check  of  his  forces,  to- 
gether with  the  loss  of  baggage  and  supplies 
in  Apache  Canon,  caused  Sibley  to  ask  for 
an  armistice  until  March  30,  at  the  expiration 
of  which  he  retreated.  Thus  Colorado  saved 
New  Mexico  to  the  Union,  and  prevented  the 
Confederates  from  obtaining  a  foothold  within 
her  own  borders.  The  two  engagements  of 
Apache  Canon  and  Pigeon's  Ranch,  are  some- 
times considered  as  one  fight,  and  called  the 
battle  of  Glorieta,  so  named  for  Glorieta  Pass. 
The  Union  losses  in  these  two  engagements 
were  49  killed,  64  wounded,  and  21  captured; 
and  that  of  the  Confederates,  281  killed,  200 
wounded,  and  100  captured.  On  April  15, 
there  was  a  skirmish  fight  at  Peralta.  During 
this  campaign,  the  Colorado  troops  sustained 
a  loss  of  56  killed  and  91  wounded. 

In  February,  1862,  Col.  J.  H.  Leavenworth 
was  made  Colonel  of  the  2nd  Colorado  Volun- 
teer Infantry,  then  being  organized,  and  T. 
H.  Dodd,  Lieut. -Colonel.  The  independent 
companies  of  Ford  and  Dodd,  that  had  par- 
ticipated in  the  New  Mexico  campaign  were 
made  the  nucleus  in  organizing  the  2nd  Colo- 
rado. It  was  sometime,  before  it  was  re- 
cruited to  its  full  strength,  but  in  the  mean- 
time it  performed  duty  on  the  frontier. 

In  May,  1862,  Dr.  John  Evans  succeeded 
Gilpin  as  territorial  governor  of  Colorado, 
serving  until  October,  1865.  He  had  been 
a  prominent  figure  in  public  life  in  Indiana  and 
Illinois;  was  a  professor  at  Rush  Medical 
College,  Chicago,  and  the  founder  of  the 
Northwestern  University  at  Evanston.  Dur- 
ing his  gubernatorial  administration  in  Colo- 
rado, he  completed  the  work  of  organizing  and 
equipping  troops  in  the  civil  war,  and  also 
defending  the  frontier  against  the  Indians, 
after  which,  in  private  life  he  entered  upon 
an  era  of  railroad  building  and  other  enter- 
prises, that  rapidly  led  to  the  development  of 
Colorado  and  the  vast  resources  of  this  re- 
gion. 

In  the  fall  of  1862,  Governor  Evans  was 
authorized  to  raise  another  regiment,  to  be 
known  as  the  3rd  Colorado  Volunteer  In- 
fantry, of  which  Gen.  William  Larimer  was 
to  be  Colonel,  and  S.  S.  Curtis,  Lieut. -Colonel. 
The  outlook  for  recruiting  a  full  regiment  at 
that  time,  was  not  encouraging,  and  Gen. 
Larimer  resigned.  It  was  understood  that 
when  the  regiment  was  organized,  J.  H.  Ford 


was  to  be  Colonel.  After  organizing  five 
companies,  they  were  sent  to  Pilot  Knob,  Mis- 
souri, forming  a  part  of  the  army  of  the  fron- 
tier. The  2nd  and  3rd  Colorado  regiments 
were  both  incomplete,  and  Oct.  11,  1863,  they 
were  consolidated  into  one,  and  later  as 
mounted,  became  the  2nd  Colorado  Volun- 
teer Cavalry,  with  the  following  officers; 
James  H.  Ford,  Colonel;  T.  H.  Dodd,  Lieut.- 
Col. ;  and  J.  Nelson  Smith,  and  Jesse  L. 
Pritchard,  Majors.  This  regiment  performed 
gallant  service  in  Missouri  during  the  Price 
campaign  in  the  fall  of  1864.  Prior  to  this 
time,  in  July  1864,  Captain  Wagoner  and  nine 
of  his  men  had  been  killed,  fighting  guerillas 
near  Independence.  In  the  battle  of  the 
Blue,  Major  Smith  was  killed.  The  2nd 
Colorado  Cavalry  was  in  the  engagements  at 
Westport,  Newtonia,  and  other  battles  in 
this  campaign  in  which  they  bore  an  heroic 
part,  and  suffered  heavy  losses  in  killed  and 
wounded. 

In  the  fall  of  1862,  William  D.  McLain  of 
Denver  was  commissioned  to  organize  a  four 
gun  battery,  which  was  known  as  the  1st 
Colorado  battery,  and  also  designated  as 
"McLain's  Battery."  In  addition  to  other 
services,  this  battery  made  a  splendid  record 
for  bravery  and  efficiency  in  the  Price  raid 
of  1864,  along  with  the  2nd  Colorado  Cavalry. 
The  soldier's  monument  on  the  State  Capitol 
grounds  is  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the 
battles  in  the  civil  war,  in  which  the  Colorado 
troops  participated. 

Returning  again  to  the  operations  of  the 
1st  Colorado,  Col.  Slough  was  incensed  at  not 
being  permitted  to  follow  up  the  successes 
of  the  troops  against  Gen.  Sibly,  his  command 
being  ordered  by  Gen.  Canby  to  fall  back 
to  Fort  Union.  Col.  Slough,  owing  to 
this  order,  resigned,  and  Major  Chivington, 
the  fighting  Methodist  parson,  whose  dash 
and  heroic  services  had  made  him  the  popular 
idol  of  the  troops,  was  appointed  colonel  of  the 
1st  Colorado.  During  the  summer,  Col. 
Chivington  went  to  Washington,  making  an 
unsuccessful  effort  to  have  his  regiment 
transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 
On  Nov.  1,  1862,  an  order  was  issued  by 
Major  Gen.  Curtis,  changing  the  regiment 
from  infantry  to  the  1st  Colorado  Cavalry, 
with  instructions  to  rendezvous  in  Colorado, 
with  headquarters  at  Denver.  They  were 
then  continued  in  the  western  service,  and 
later  bore  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Indian 
warfare  on  the  plains. 

The  second  session  of  the  legislature  was 
convened  at  Colorado  City,  July  7,  1862, 
but  being  unfavorably  impressed  with  that 
place  as  the  Capital  city,  they  adjourned  to 
Denver,  July  11,  where  they  resumed  their 
deliberations,  adjourning  August  15.  During 


—32— 


this  session  the  question  of  statehood  was 
agitated,  and  a  measure  was  submitted  to 
carry  out  such  a  provision,  but  it  was  de- 
feated, as  it  was  not  deemed  advisable  to 
attempt  to  assume  the  burden  and  responsi- 
bility of  a  state  at  that  time.  In  July, 
1862,  Gov.  Gilpin  who  in  the  meantime  had 
been  succeeded  by  Gov.  Evans,  announced 
himself  as  the  "People's"  candidate  for 
congress,  and  proved  a  strong  competitor 
against  Hiram  P.  Bennett,  who  was  re-elected 
Oct.  7,  1862,  as  the  nominee  of  Union  Ad- 
ministration party,  the  vote  being  as  fol- 
lows: Bennett,  3,655;  Gilpin,  2,312,  and 
J.  M.  Francisco  (Breckenridge  Democrat), 
2,754.  At  this  time  the  old  party  lines  were 
more  or  less  ignored  in  Colorado,  many  of 
the  Democrats  supporting  the  policy  of 
President  Lincoln. 

George  W.  Lane  was  in  1862,  appointed 
superintendent  of  the  branch  mint  at  Denver 
which,  for  years  was  conducted  more  as 
a  place  for  the  deposit  of  gold  bullion,  but  it 
was  the  beginning  of  what  is  now  the  ex- 
tensive coinage  mint  in  this  city. 

At  the  December  session,  1862,  the  Hon. 
J.  M.  Ashley  presented  in  congress  an  om- 
nibus bill  to  establish  the  states  of  Nebraska, 
Colorado,  Utah  and  Nevada.  Jan.  5,  1863, 
Mr.  Bennett,  the  Colorado  delegate  intro- 
duced a  supplemental  bill  to  provide  state- 
hood for  this  territory.  Both  these  measures 
failed. 

On  April  19,  1863,  Denver  was  swept  by 
a  disastrous  fire  which  destroyed  about  half 
the  business  district,  inflicting  a  loss  of  about 
$250,000,  but  the  young  city  began  at  once 
to  rebuild,  and  in  a  more  substantial  manner. 
The  two  Espinosa,  Mexican  bandits,  in  the 
summer  of  1863,  killed  nine  men  in  the  North 
Park  region,  where  the  people  were  horror 
stricken  and  terrified  by  these  crimes.  A 
company  was  raised,  and  in  the  pursuit  that 
followed  one  of  the  bandits  vas  killed  in  El 
Paso  county.  The  other  escaping,  later 
returned,  and  was  killed  by  Tom  Tobin. 

The  first  telegraph  line  to  Denver  was 
completed  in  the  beginning  of  October,  1863, 
and  the  first  messages  sent  on  the  10th  of  that 
month.  This  line  was  soon  extended  to 
Central  City.  The  rates  from  Denver  for 
ten  words,  were:  to  St.  Louis,  $5.25;  Chicago, 
$6.50;  New  York,  $9.10;  and  Boston,  $10.25. 

The  long  and  severe  drought  during  the 
summer  of  1863,  followed  by  an  early  and  se- 
vere winter  resulted  in  a  shortage  of  grain 
and  provisions,  which  rose  to  fabulous  prices. 

The  third  session  of  the  legislature  was 
convened  at  Golden,  Feb.  1,  1864;  adjourned 
to  meet  in  Denver,  Feb.  4;  adjorned  sine 
die  March  11.  They  revised  the  laws  re- 
lating to  corporations,  and  redistricted  the 


territory  for  the  judiciary.  An  act  passed  by 
congress,  approved  by  the  president  March 
21,  1864,  authorized  the  election  of  delegates 
to  meet  on  the  first  Monday  in  July,  to  form 
a  constitution  to  be  submitted  to  the  people 
at  an  election  to  be  held  on  the  second  Tues- 
day in  October.  This  convention  met  in 
Golden,  and  later  adjourned  to  Denver.  O. 
A.  Whittemore  was  elected  president,  and 
Eli  M.  Ashley,  secretary.  The  constitution  sub- 
mitted by  the  convention  was  defeated  at  the 
fall  election,  and  Allen  A.  Bradford  was 
elected  territorial  delegate. 

On  May  19,  1864,  Denver  was  visited  by 
the  memorable  flood  in  Cherry  Creek.  Many 
buildings  were  swept  away,  and  great  damage 
done. 

In  July,  1864,  Jim  Reynolds,  who  had 
been  a  prospector  in  Colorado  in  1860,  but 
went  south  to  join  the  Confederate  army,  re- 
turned with  a  band  of  Texas  guerillas,  and 
became  notorious  by  his  robberies  in  Park 
county.  He  came  independent  of  any  au- 
thority from  the  Confederate  government, 
being  intent  only  on  robbery  and  pillage.  They 
were  attacked  on  Deer  Creek  by  a  volunteer 
company  of  miners,  led  by  Dick  Sparks  of 
Summit  county.  One  of  the  outlaws  was 
killed,  but  Reynolds,  who  was  wounded,  and 
the  rest  were  scattered.  Later  Reynolds 
and  four  others  were  taken  near  Canon  City 
and  turned  over  to  the  U.  S.  marshal,  A.  C. 
Hunt,  who  brought  them  to  Denver.  After 
a  secret  military  trial,  they  were  ordered  con- 
veyed to  Fort  Lyon.  Near  Russelville,  they 
were  shot  and  killed  by  their  escort,  it  being 
reported  that  the  prisoners  attempted  to  es- 
cape. 

The  historic  event  of  1864,  was  the  battle 
of  Sand  Creek.  The  Arapahoes  and  Chey- 
ennes  regretted  the  cession  of  their  lands  east 
of  the  mountains,  made  in  their  treaty  of 
1861  at  Fort  Bent.  Gradually  the  Indians 
of  the  plains  assumed  a  more  threatening 
attitude,  and  later  began  attacking  the  main 
routes,  seizing  provisions  and  taking  horses, 
and  interfering  with  traveling  and  freighting. 
On  March  30,  1863,  Indian  marauders  were 
reported  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cache  la 
Poudre.  These  depredations  continued  dur- 
ing 1863,  and  increasing,  the  militia  was 
called  out  in  January,  1864.  At  one  time 
Denver  was  so  panic  stricken  that  Gov. 
Evans  ordered  all  business  places  to  close 
daily  at  6 :30  p.  m.  and  called  on  all  able  bodied 
men  to  meet  and  drill.  In  June,  Henry  M. 
Teller  was  appointed  major  general  of  the 
militia,  with  instructions  to  equip  the  com- 
panies as  quickly  as  possible.  Gov.  Evans 
sent  messengers  with  overtures  of  peace  to 
the  Indians  but  without  success.  He  also 
attempted  to  separate  any  friendly  from  the 


—33— 


hostile  Indians,  but  these  efforts  were  un- 
availing. Not  only  in  Colorado,  but  to  the 
north  and  south  along  the  base  of  the  moun- 
tains and  in  the  plains,  hostile  Indians  were 
on  the  war  path.  Colorado  and  other  parts 
of  the  west,  were  weakened  by  the  liberal 
quotas  they  had  supplied  in  recruiting  troops 
for  the  civil  war.  When  asked  for  military 
assistance,  Major  General  Curtis  replied, 
"we  have  none  to  spare,  you  must  protect 
yourselves."  The  government  was  not  with- 
out warning.  On  April  10,  1863,  Gov.  Evans 
informed  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs 
of  the  hostile  attitude  of  the  Cheyennes  and 
Arapahoes,  and  the  threatened  uprising  of  the 
Indians.  On  Nov.  7  the  governor  also  apprised 
Maj.  S.  G.  Colley,  Indian  agent  on  the  Ar- 
kansas, of  reports  received  at  the  executive 
office  to  the  effect  that  a  league  had  been 
formed  by  the  Cheyennes,  Arapahoes,  Sioux, 
and  Kiowas  for  the  purpose  of  making  war 
on  the  settlers,  and  that  he  must  not  issue  to 
the  Indians,  ammunition  and  arms.  On 
Nov.  9,  Gov.  Evans  again  called  the  atten- 
tion of  the  Commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs 
to  the  threatened  Indian  uprising,  at  the  same 
time  submitting  trustworthy  evidence  to 
support  his  statements,  that  the  Indians  had 
formed  a  league,  and  were  continuing  their 
marauding  expeditions.  Roman  Nose  who 
had  led  the  Indians  when  they  murdered  the 
Hungate  family  in  June,  1864,  on  Running 
creek,  talked  with  the  governor  and  pro- 
fessed his  friendship.  The  records  are  full 
of  the  urgent  demands  of  Gov.  Evans  upon 
the  officials  at  Washington,  giving  due  warn- 
ing of  threatened  dangers,  and  notification 
that  the  Comanches  had  also  joined  the 
league.  Gov.  Evans  also  forwarded  copies 
of  this  correspondence  to  the  Secretary  of 
War  and  Col.  John  M.  Chivington,  then  com- 
manding this  military  district,  instructing  the 
latter  to  be  ready  for  any  emergency.  If  any- 
thing was  wrong  at  the  battle  of  Sand  Creek, 
the  officials  at  Washington  were  at  fault  and 
not  Gov.  Evans,  who  time  and  time  again 
had  given  due  and  timely  warning  of  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Indian  League,  and  the 
threatened  hostilities.  The  murdered  Hun- 
gate  family  were  brought  to  Denver,  and  when 
the  victims  of  the  outrage  were  seen,  the 
people  of  the  city  knew  that  the  Indian  war 
had  begun.  Murders  of  whites  on  the  plains 
followed,  some  of  them  burned  alive,  others 
being  the  victims  of  horrible  atrocities,  and 
women  suffering  a  fate  worse  than  death. 
Men,  women  and  children  were  killed.  Major 
Jacob  Downing  led  a  successful  expedition 
against  Spotted  Horse,  defeating  his  band  in 
Cedar  Canon. 

On  Sep.   28,    1864,   Black   Kettle,   White 
Antelope,  and  Bull  Bear  of  the  Cheyennes, 


and  Neva  and  other  chiefs  of  the  Arapahoes 
(Left  Hand's  Tribe)  held  a  council  at  Camp 
Weld,  Denver,  with  Gov.  Evans,  Col.  Chiv- 
ington, Maj.  Wynkoop,  Simon  Whitley,  U. 
S.  Indian  agent  and  a  number  of  citizens. 
Black  Kettle  acknowledged  the  truthfulness 
of  Gov.  Evans'  statements,  but  denied  that 
they  had  entered  into  a  league  with  the 
Sioux.  Black  Kettle  professed  a  desire  for 
peace,  but  nothing  satisfactory  was  accom- 
plished, as  the  Indians  must  make  terms,  if 
so  desired,  with  the  military,  they  being  at  war 
with  the  government.  Gen.  Curtis  approved 
of  this  and  instructed  that  no  peace  should 
be  made  without  his  orders.  It  is  needless 
to  go  into  a  general  discussion  of  the  Sand 
Creek  affair.  Col.  John  M.  Chivington,  who 
was  in  command,  in  making  his  report  states: 
that  he  took  command  of  the  expedition 
Nov.  24  (1864)  which  had  been  increased  by 
a  battalion  of  the  1st  Colorado  Cavalry, 
and  reached  Fort  Lyon  on  the  morning  of  the 
29th.  Here  he  was  joined  by  Maj.  Scott  J. 
Anthony  with  125  men  and  two  howitzers. 
At  daylight,  Nov.  29,  they  struck  Sand  Creek, 
about  40  miles  from  Fort  Lyon.  Here  was 
discovered  an  Indian  village  of  130  lodges  of 
Black  Kettle's  Cheyennes,  and  eight  lodges 
of  Left  Hand's  Arapahoes.  Chivington  form- 
ed his  line  of  battle,  with  Lieut.  Wilson's 
battalion  of  the  1st  Colorado  Cavalry  of 
125  men,  on  the  right;  Col.  Shoup's  Third 
Regiment  of  about  450  men  in  the  center, 
and  Maj  Anthony's  battalion  on  the  left. 
It  is  estimated  that  from  300  to  600  Indians, 
male,  female,  and  children  were  killed.  The 
Colorado  troops  recalling  the  atrocities  that 
had  been  heaped  on  the  whites,  were  relent- 
less. While,  whatever  there  may  have  been 
of  excesses  should  not  be  condoned,  yet  it 
has  ever  been  thus  with  the  warfare  of  the 
whites  and  the  Indian.  In  the  Pequot  war 
in  New  England,  about  600  helpless  Indians 
were  slain  in  one  of  the  forts  of  Chief  Sas- 
sacus  of  that  nation.  Women  and  children 
when  trying  to  hide  under  beds,  were  killed 
by  the  swords  of  their  white  pursuers.  These 
Pequots  having  only  their  own  missile  wea- 
ons,  were  almost  helpless  before  the  rapiers  of 
their  enemies,  who  followed  them  from  wig- 
wam to  wigwam,  with  bloody  slaughter. 
Then  fire  was  set  to  wigwams,  and  many  per- 
ished in  the  flames.  Soldiers  stationed  out- 
side the  fort,  shot  down  those  of  the  Pequots 
who  attempted  to  escape,  or  drove  them  back 
to  perish  by  the  sword  or  in  the  flames.  This 
massacre  of  the  Pequots,  in  New  England, 
and  similar  instances  could  be  given  of  other 
atrocities  in  the  east,  is  no  excuse  for  any 
wrongs  that  may  have  been  committed  at 
Sand  Creek.  This  instance  of  colonial  his- 
tory is  only  cited  for  the  purpose  of  showing 


-34— 


that  New  England,  when  under  similar  provo- 
cation, actually  massacred  at  one  time  as 
many  if  not  more  Indians  than  were  killed 
at  Sand  Creek  by  the  Colorado  troops.  One 
tragedy  is  no  excuse  for  another,  but  the 
eastern  historian,  living  in  his  own  glass  house, 
should  not  throw  stones  at  the  west. 

The  pivotal  point  in  the  Sand  Creek 
fight  is,  the  claim  by  those  who  denounce 
Chivington  and  his  men,  that  these  Indians 
at  Sand  Creek  had  been  under  the  pro- 
tection of  Major  Anthony.  This  is  denied. 
It  has  been  affirmed  and  denied  these  many 
years,  notwithstanding  the  investigation  made 
by  congress  and  the  court  martial  proceedings 
against  Col.  Chivington.  The  greater  pro- 
portion of  Colorado  people  stood  by  Chiving- 
ton. 

The  Indian  troubles  were  not  yet  ended. 
In  January,  1865,  Gen.  G.  M.  Dodge  was 
ordered  to  open  up  the  lines  of  communi- 
cation and  telegraph  and  travel,  that  had  been 
cut  and  impeded  by  the  Indians,  along  the 
overland  stage  route.  Indians  were  con- 
tinuing their  depredations,  and  before  the 
campaign  was  over,  in  the  summer  of  1865, 
about  10,000  troops  were  sent  to  the  west. 
They  were  scattered  through  Fort  Kearney, 
Julesburg,  Camp  Collins  (Fort  Collins)  and 
on  to  Fort  Laramie.  Provisions  were  very 
high,  and  for  a  time  Denver  was  panic  stricken. 
The  fourth  session  of  the  territorial  general  as- 
sembly of  Colorado  was  convened  at  Golden, 
Jan.  2,  1865,  and  adjourned  Feb.  10.  Col. 
Thomas  Moonlight  of  Kansas,  in  January, 
1865,  assumed  at  Denver,  military  command  of 
this  district.  The  legislature  not  meeting  his 
views  in  the  enactment  of  certain  laws  in 
regard  to  the  militia,  Col.  Moonlight  de- 
clared martial  law.  Acting  Governor  Elbert 
in  February,  raised  several  quotas,  which  he 
sent  along  the  South  Platte  towards  Julesburg, 
who  returned  in  April.  Prior  and  during  this 
time,  the  volunteer  troops  along  the  northern 


line  had  been  active,  and  in  March,  Gen.  P.  E. 
Conner  was  placed  in  command  of  ,the  dis- 
trict which  included  Colorado,  and  later  led 
the  Powder  river  expedition,  and  the  hostili- 
ties of  the  Indians  ceased. 

The  civil  war  having  ended,  the  Indians 
again  peaceful,  and  with  an  increase  of  im- 
migration, the  question  of  statehood  presented 
itself  in  a  more  emphatic  way.  The  need  of  a 
railway  was  urgent.  It  was  realized  that 
with  one  member  of  congress  and  two  U.  S. 
senators,  Colorado  as  a  state  would  accom- 
plish better  results  in  obtaining  railroads  and 
other  recognition,  than  if  it  remained  a  ter- 
ritory. Accordingly,  after  the  preliminary 
meetings  and  the  selection  of  members,  a 
constitutional  convention  was  convened  in 
Denver,  August  8,  1865.  W.  A.  H.  Loveland 
was  elected  president  and  W.  D.  Anthony 
secretary.  The  constitution  which  was  fram- 
ed, on  being  submitted  to  the  people,  was 
adopted  by  majority  of  155  votes,  and  nomi- 
nations were  made  for  offices.  Former  Gov. 
Gilpin  was  elected  governor  and  George  M. 
Chilcott,  was  sent  to  congress.  The.  legis- 
lature met  in  Golden,  and  adjourned  to  Den- 
ver Jan.  4,  1866.  Believing  that  statehood 
was  assured,  former  Gov.  Evans  and  Jerome 
B.  Chaffee  were  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate. 

But  now  a  new  and  disturbing  element  was 
intruded  into  the  politics  of  the  Territory. 
Although  Gov.  Evans  had  given  Colorado  a 
wise  and  patriotic  administration,  yet  the 
Sand  Creek  affair  was  urged  against  him,  and 
finally  bore  its  results.  President  Johnson 
brought  about  a  change,  and  in  October, 
1865,  Alexander  Cummings  of  Pennsylvania 
was  appointed  Governor.  Cummings  was  op- 
posed to  the  statehood  plan,  and  succeeded 
in  disconcerting  the  attempts  made  to  ac- 
complish that  result.  During  his  adminis- 
tration, Governor  Evans  became  the  founder 
of  the  University  of  Denver,  first  known  as 
Colorado  Seminary,  a  charter  being  granted 
by  the  territorial  legislature. 


—  35— 


CHAPTER   VIII. 


From  Governor  Cummings  to  Governor  Routt,    and    the 
Beginning  of  the  Statehood   Period. 


LEXANDER  CUMMINGS, 
Governor  of  Colorado  Ter- 
ritory (1865-67),  entered  up- 
on the  duties  of  that  office 
in  October,  1865.  His  pred- 
ecessors, Governors  Gilpin 
and  Evans,  had  been  through 
strenuous  years  in  their  ad- 
ministrations, for  those  were  the  days  of  the 
civil  war,  and  coupled  with  that  of  Gov. 
Evans  who  had  served  the  longer  term,  was 
the  Indian  war  on  the  plains  in  1864-65. 
Peace  having  come,  civil  and  internal  affairs 
began  to  receive  more  attention.  During  the 
civil  war  period,  many  of  the  democrats  had 
combined  with  republicans.  But  the  war  was 
now  a  closed  issue.  Party  lines  were  begin- 
ning to  readjust  themselves,  and  more  in- 
trigue and  partisanship  became  manifest. 
The  policy  adopted  by  Gov.  Cummings,  how- 
ever laudable  his  intentions  may  have  been, 
encouraged  an  acute  situation  in  the  political 
condition,  fostering  rather  than  allaying  the 
growing  discontent.  Gilpin  and  Evans  were 
more  in  touch  with  western  sentiment,  both 
intensely  patriotic,  but  differing  widely  in 
temperament.  Gov.  Cummings,  on  the  other 
hand,  had  been  trained  in  the  far  eastern 
and  more  exacting  school  of  politics  in  Penn- 
sylvania. Although  he  had  the  support  of 
strong  and  able  men,  such  as  A.  C.  Hunt, 
afterwards  governor,  yet  he  was  not  of  that 
mould  or  character  to  awaken  hearty  en- 
thusiasm in  the  west,  and  he  irritated  mat- 
ters by  adopting  a  course  that  was  not  in  ac- 
cord with  the  general  public  sentiment. 
During  his  administration,  and  through  that 
of  his  successors,  Hunt,  McCook,  and  Elbert, 
and  McCook  a  second  time,  territorial  politics 
were  permeated  with  intrigue  and  partisan- 
ship, for  some  of  which,  these  governors  were 
not  altogether  to  blame.  Harsh  criticism 
should  be  weighed  with  some  grains  of  al- 
lowance, owing  to  the  intense  feeling  and  bit- 
terness which  at  times  prevailed,  during  that 
period.  Not  until  the  appointment  of  Gov. 
John  L.  Routt,  who  possessed  firmness  with 
strong  executive  ability  and  an  unusual  sup- 
ply of  hard,  practical  common  sense,  did  a 


more  peaceful  condition  become  apparent  in 
the  political  situation.  The  strong  and  ef- 
fective balance  wheel  in  those  days,  was 
"Governor"  Frank  Hall  as  he  was  then  com- 
monly known.  He  was  Secretary  of  the 
Territory  from  1866  until  1874,  serving  under 
Governors  Cummings,  Hunt,  McCook  and 
Elbert.  In  the  absence  of  the  governor, 
the  secretary  performed  not  only  the  duties  of 
his  own  office,  but  that  of  the  governor  as  well. 
As  a  considerable  portion  of  the  time  of  these 
executives  was  spent  in  Washington,  Frank 
Hall  frequently,  and  often  for  some  length 
of  time,  became  the  acting  governor,  exer- 
cising the  functions  of  the  chief  executive, 
even  to  delivering  an  "Acting"  Governor's 
message  to  the  legislature.  He  was  a  strong 
and  fearless  man,  whom  the  people  trusted, 
and  often,  but  for  his  restraining  influence, 
political  conditions  may  have  proven  more 
unbearable.  He  so  frequently  performed  the 
duties  of  the  gubernatorial  office,  that  some 
think  he  should  be  considered  one  of  the  gov- 
ernors of  Colorado.  He  subsequently  pub- 
lished an  interesting  history  of  Colorado  in 
four  volumes,  replete  with  intimate  details. 
He  was  adjutant-general  two  years  under 
Gov.  Pitkin  and  since  that  time,  his  old  and 
popular  title  of  "Governor"  has  been  sup- 
planted by  that  of  "General"  Frank  Hall. 

Gov.  Cummings  inaugurated  a  campaign 
against  the  plan  to  make  Colorado  a  state. 
Samuel  H.  Elbert,  still  holding  the  office  of 
secretary  of  the  territory,  as  he  had  under 
Gov.  Evans,  was  in  sympathy  with  the  state- 
hood scheme.  Friction  naturally  arose  be- 
tween him  and  Cummings,  and  the  latter 
took  from  him  the  custody  of  the  territorial 
seal.  These  and  other  acts  brought  about  a 
condition  so  exasperating,  that  Elbert  re- 
signed. Gov.  Cummings  requested  Frank 
Hall,  a  member  of  the  house  from  Gilpin 
county  in  the  general  assembly,  to  take  the 
office  vacated.  Mr.  Hall  at  first  declined. 
After  Cummings  insisted,  he  permitted  the 
governor  to  send  his  name  to  Washington, 
and  thus  he  reluctantly,  became  secretary 
of  the  territory. 

President  Andrew  Johnson  sent  the  fol- 


—36— 


lowing  communication  to  congress  on  January 
12,  1866: 

"I  transmit  herewith  a  communication 
addressed  to  me  by  Messrs.  John  Evans  and 
J.  B.  Chaffee  as  U.  S.  Senators  elect  from  the 
State  of  Colorado,  together  with  accompany- 
ing papers.  Under  authority  of  the  act  of 
congress,  received  the  21st  day  of  March, 
1864,  the  people  of  Colorado,  through  a  con- 
vention framed  a  constitution  making  pro- 
vision for  a  state  government  which,  when 
submitted  to  the  qualified  voters  of  the  terri- 
tory, was  rejected.  In  the  summer  of  1865, 
a  second  convention  of  the  several  political 
parties  in  the  territory  was  called,  which 
assembled  in  Denver  on  the  8th  day  of  Aug- 
ust. On  the  12th  of  that  month  this  con- 
vention adopted  a  state  constitution  which 
was  submitted  to  the  people  on  the  12th  day 
of  September  and  ratified  by  a  majority  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty-five  of  the  qualified 
voters.  The  proceedings  in  the  second  in- 
stance having  differed  in  time  and  mode  from 
those  specified  in  the  act  of  March  21st,  1864, 
I  have  declined  to  issue  the  proclamation  for 
which  provision  is  made  in  the  5th  section 
of  the  law,  and  therefore  submit  the  question 
for  consultation  and  further  act  of  Congress." 

This  action  by  President  Johnson  pre- 
vented the  seating  of  Gov.  Evans  and  Jerome 
B.  Chaffee  as  U.  S.  Senators  from  Colorado, 
and  it  has  been  claimed  that  the  attitude  of 
the  president  in  this  matter  was  influenced 
by  Gov.  Cummings  and  his  friends,  who  at 
this  time  opposed  the  admission  of  Colorado 
as  a  state. 

The  situation  was  complicated  in  Colo- 
rado at  this  time  by  the  race  question.  The 
negroes  petitioned  the  legislature  to  extend 
to  them  the  right  of  suffrage,  and  that  their 
children  be  permitted  to  attend  the  public 
schools. 

The  fifth  general  assembly  of  Colorado 
had  convened  at  Golden,  but  on  January  4, 
1866,  had  adjourned  to  Denver.  Gov.  Cum- 
mings sent  a  special  message  to  that  body,  en- 
dorsing the  petition  and  claims  made  by 
the  negro  people.  At  an  election  held  in  1865, 
the  question  of  admitting  the  negro  children 
to  the  public  schools,  had  been  decided  against 
the  latter,  and  the  general  assembly  refused 
to  consider  what  it  claimed  had  been  rejected 
by  a  popular  vote  of  the  people. 

The  weapon  most  effectively  used  by 
Cummings  against  the  admission  of  Colorado 
as  a  state,  was  the  meager  population.  The 
statehood  leaders  asserted  that  Colorado 
then  had  from  50,000  to  60,000  inhabitants, 
while  Cummings  placed  the  number  at  about 
25,000,  as  shown  by  the  census.  On  May  3, 
1866,  a  bill  was  passed  by  congress,  admitting 


Colorado  as  a  state.  This  measure  was 
vetoed  by  President  Johnson,  who  set  forth 
that  the  population  was  insufficient  to  bear 
the  burdens  of  a  state  government,  also  inti- 
mating that  the  constitution'  had  been  car- 
ried by  a  fraudulent  vote.  Former  Gov. 
Evans  and  Jerome  B.  Chaffee,  the  senators 
elect  from  Colorado,  refused  to  pledge  their 
votes  to  sustain  the  reconstruction  measures 
advocated  by  President  Johnson.  If  Evans 
and  Chaffee  had  supported  Johnson's  policy, 
Colorado  would  then  have  probably  become 
a  state.  Trouble  also  ensued  over  the  elec- 
tion, held  Aug.  7,  to  choose  a  delegate  to 
congress.  George  M.  Chilcott  was  elected 
by  the  returns,  over  his  competitor,  A.  C. 
Hunt.  Cummings  interfered  with  the  work 
of  the  Territorial  Board  of  Canvassers,  which 
had  a  most  tempestuous  meeting,  and  he 
certified  to  the  election  of  Mr.  Hunt.  The 
board  also  sent  its  findings  to  congress,  which 
resulted  in  the  seating  of  Mr.  Chilcott. 
During  the  canvass  of  the  Chilcott-Hunt 
vote  in  Colorado,  Cummings  telegraphed  to 
Washington,  demanding  the  removal  of  Frank 
Hall,  Secretary  of  the  Territory.  Acting 
on  this  advice,  President  Johnson  named  a 
Mr.  Hood  his  successor,  but  the  nomination 
not  being  confirmed  in  the  senate,  Frank  Hall 
remained  in  the  office. 

In  1866,  a  census  of  the  territory  was  taken 
under  an  act  of  the  legislature,  the  population 
being  27,931,  that  of  Denver  3,500.  In 
January,  1867,  congress  passed,  another  bill 
to  admit  Colorado  as  a  state,  which  was  also 
vetoed  by  the  president.  Evans  and  Chaffee, 
the  Colorado  Senators  elect,  still  continued 
the  fight  for  statehood,  but  without  effect. 

A.  C.  Hunt,  Territorial  Governor  (1867- 
69)  of  Colorado,  succeeded  Cummings  in 
May,  1867.  He  had  been  U.  S.  Marshal, 
and  the  firm  friend  of  his  predecessor,  and 
thoroughly  understood  the  political  situation. 
Probably  no  chief  executive  of  Colorado  ever 
exercised  a  greater  influence  over  the  Indians 
than  Hunt.  He  was  a  man  of  decided  ex- 
ecutive ability,  and  later  was  associated  with 
Gen.  William  J.  Palmer  in  building  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  railroad.  Gov.  Hunt 
was  confronted  with  an  Indian  outbreak,  and 
during  the  summer  (1867),  this  region  was 
visited  by  the  grasshopper  (locust)  plague, 
being  the  second  of  this  misfortune  in  Colo- 
rado, the  first  having  occurred  in  1864.  The 
ranchmen  lost  heavily,  and  agricultural  in- 
terests received  a  serious  blow.  In  the  spring 
of  1867,  the  Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes,  com- 
bining with  the  Sioux,  became  very  trouble- 
some, and  although  the  regular  troops  of  the 
government  were  on  the  frontier,  the  Indians 
committed  some  depredations  along  the 


—37— 


Platte,  and  the  settlers  were  in  the  midst  of 
constant  danger.  The  seventh  general  as- 
sembly was  convened  at  Golden  Dec.  2,  ad- 
journed to  Denver,  Dec.  9,  and  adjourned 
sine  die,  Jan.  10,  1868.  But  little  important 
legislation  was  accomplished.  During  the 
Indian  wars  in  Colorado,  up  to  the  present 
times,  the  whites  had  been  at  peace  with  the 
Utes.  The  outbreaks  and  disturbances  had 
been  mainly  confined  to  the  tribes  on  the 
plains.  The  Tabeguache  Utes,  by  a  treaty 
in  1863,  had  been  given  a  reservation  in 
western  Colorado.  Other  bands  of  Utes  later, 
became  unfriendly  because  they  were  not 
included  in  the  treaty,  but  no  serious  dis- 
turbances occurred,  yet  they  remained  rest- 
less and  dissatisfied.  Gov.  Hunt,  Kit  Carson, 
and  N.  G.  Taylor,  commissioners  appointed 
for  that  purpose,  made  a  treaty  in  March, 
1868,  with  the  Utes,  in  which  the  latter  re- 
linquished all  their  lands  in  Colorado  except 
that  portion  south  of  the  40th  parallel  and 
west  of  the  107th  meridian,  which  was  to 
remain  as  their  reservation.  The  Grand 
River,  and  the  Yampah,  or  Bear  River 
Bands,  were  established  in  the  northern  part, 
with  their  agency  on  White  river,  and  be- 
came known  as  the  White  River  Utes.  The 
central  agency  was  located  at  Los  Pinos  for 
the  Uncompahgres  and  Tabeguaches,  while 
the  Capotes,  Muaches,  and  Weeminuches 
were  assigned  to  the  southern  part,  without 
an  agency  at  that  time.  Certain  annuities 
were  to  be  allowed,  and  Ouray  was  made  the 
chief  of  all  the  bands.  In  the  treaty  of  July 
3,  1868,  the  Shoshone  and  Bannock  Indians 
ceded  a  large  tract  of  land  in  Colorado,  west 
of  the  North  Platte,  and  north  of  the  Yampah. 
Thus  all  of  Colorado  was  open  for  settlement, 
except  the  western  part  that  was  included  in 
the  Ute  reservation.  A  band  of  Cheyennes, 
whose  nation  had  already  been  committing 
depredations  on  the  plains,  passed  into  the 
Ute  country  in  September,  1868,  killing  sev- 
eral of  that  tribe,  and  when  returning,  stole 
a  number  of  horses.  They  were  followed  by 
volunteers,  but  escaped.  The  Indian  sit- 
uation on  the  plains  became  acute  in  1868,  and 
a  general  uprising  was  imminent.  General 
Sheridan  was  in  command,  and  established 
headquarters  at  Fort  Hays.  The  Chey- 
ennes and  Arapahoes  were  on  the  war  path 
in  Colorado,  some  of  the  latter  tribe  camping 
for  a  time  at  Colorado  City.  Among  the 
victims  of  these  raids  were  Mrs.  Henrietta 
Dieterman,  and  her  son  about  five  years  of 
age,  on  Comanche  creek.  When  their  bodies 
were  brought  to  Denver,  and  the  horribly 
mutilated  condition  of  the  mother's  remains 
were  made  known,  great  excitement  prevailed. 
There  were  cries  for  vengeance,  and  volun- 


teers were  raised,  who,  commanded  by 
Maj.  Downing,  were  sent  out  on  the  Bijou 
where  several  atrocities  had  been  committed, 
but  they  failed  to  find  any  Indians,  as  they 
had  escaped.  In  August,  the  Indians  raided 
Larimer  county,  killing  William  Brush  and 
two  of  his  men,  and  stealing  stock. 

It  was  during  this  war,  that  one  of  the 
historic  battles  with  the  Indians,  took  place 
on  Beecher  Island,  on  the  Arickaree  on  the 
eastern  border  of  Colorado.  Here  Col.  G.  A. 
Forsythe  with  a  small  band  of  scouts  was  at- 
tacked by  several  hundred  hostiles,  making 
one  of  the  bravest  and  most  memorable  de- 
fences in  Indian  warfare.  On  the  10th  of 
September,  1868,  Col.  Forsythe  left  Fort 
Wallace,  Kansas,  with  forty-seven  men,  sup- 
plied with  ten  days'  rations.  On  the  Arick- 
aree, he  defeated  a  small  band  that  had  be- 
set his  camp  on  the  16th,  and  was  then 
suddenly  attacked  by  the  main  body  con- 
sisting of  700  hostiles.  Retreating  to  an 
island,  now  known  as  Beecher  island,  in  the 
Arickaree,  they  made  an  heroic  resistance 
against  the  horde  of  savages  that  now  sur- 
rounded them  on  all  sides.  Failing  to  effect 
the  capture  of  Forsythe's  men  by  several 
charges,  led  by  Roman  Nose,  a  chief  of  the 
Arapahoes,  the  Indians  then  began  a  siege. 
Scouts  left  in  the  night  to  give  warning  at 
Fort  Wallace,  while  Forsythe  and  his  men 
bravely  held  out.  A  scanty  water  supply 
was  obtained  by  digging  in  the  sand.  They 
fed  on  dead  horses  until  the  flesh  became 
putrid.  Eight  were  killed  and  twenty  wound- 
ed before  relief  arrived.  Among  the  dead 
was  Lieut.  Beecher  for  whom  the  island  has 
since  been  named.  A  monument  has  been 
erected  to  commemorate  the  heroism  of  the 
defense  in  that  fight.  This  war  on  the  plains 
ended  by  the  severe  chastisement  and  defeat 
inflicted  upon  Black  Kettle  Nov.  27  by  Gen. 
Custer,  on  the  Washita. 

A  serious  American-Mexican  riot  occurred 
at  Trinidad  New  Year's  day,  1868.  It 
started  over  a  trivial  matter  pertaining  to  a 
wrestling  match,  but  resulted  in  three  being 
killed  and  several  wounded,  before  peace  was 
restored. 

During  1868  there  was,  more  or  less  effort 
to  secure  the  admission  of  Colorado  as  a  state. 
In  September  that  year,  Allen  A.  Bradford 
was  elected  delegate  to  succeed  Chilcott  in 
congress.  U.  S.  Senators  elect  Evans  and 
Chaff ee,  that  same  month,  resigned  as  such, 
so  that  all  personal  issues  might  be  eliminated 
in  the  statehood  fight.  But  the  agitation 
waned,  and  no  further  effort  in  this  line  was 
made  for  some  time. 

Gen.  Edward  M.  McCook  was  appointed 
Governor  (1869-73,  reappointed,  1874-75)  of 


—38— 


the  Territory  of  Colorado  June  15,  1869,  by 
President  Grant  to  succeed  Hunt,  who  had  been 
suddenly  removed.  Gen.  McCook  was  of  the 
"fighting  McCook"  family,  and  it  was  but  na- 
tural that  Grant  should  reward  one  of  his  old 
soldiers  with  such  an  appointment.  In  Septem- 
ber, 1870,  Jerome  B.  Chaff  ee  was  elected  dele- 
gate to  congress,  and  re-elected  in  1872.  The 
census  of  1870  gave  Colorado  a  population 
of  39,864,  with  property  of  an  assessed  value 
of  about  $18,000,000.  The  eighth  general 
assembly  of  the  territory  was  convened  in 
Denver  Jan.  3,  1870,  and  adjourned  Febru- 
ary llth,  and  the  ninth  session  met  Jan.  1, 
1872,  adjourning  February  9th. 

At  the  9th  session  of  the  general  assembly, 
a  bill  was  passed  appointing  the  governor, 
secretary,  and  chief  justice,  a  commission  to 
arrange  for  the  erection  of  a  capitol  building. 
When  donations  to  the  amount  of  $10,000 
should  have  been  received,  they  were  authorized 
to  sell  lots  set  apart  for  the  purpose  to  pro- 
vide a  fund,  and  erect  a  capitol  building. 
Prior  to  this,  however,  the  seventh  general 
assembly  passed  an  act  transferring  the  capi- 
tal from  Golden  to  Denver.  The  bill  also 
contained  a  provision  that  a  tract  of  land 
should  be  donated  for  capitol  building  pur- 
poses. The  commissioners  who  were  ap- 
pointed under  the  act  of  1867  to  locate  the 
site  for  the  capitol,  were:  A.  A.  Bradford  of 
Pueblo,  William  M.  Roworth  of  Central-City, 
and  J.  M.  Marshall  of  Denver.  These  pre- 
liminaries in  legislation  were  followed  later 
by  Henry  C.  Brown's  donation  of  the 
present  site,  which  has  been  increased  by  an 
additional  purchase.  Thus  was  the  begin- 
ning made  towards  the  present  handsome 
state  capitol  and  grounds.  The  further  at- 
tempt in  congress  during  1871-2,  to  secure  the 
admission  of  Colorado  as  a  state,  having  failed, 
the  legislature  in  1872  adopted  a  memorial 
for  an  enabling  act.  Dissatisfaction  as  to 
the  expenditure  of  the  appropriation  for  the 
Indians,  involved  Gov.  McCook,  who  was 
also  superintendent  for  the  Indians.  Nothing 
was  proven  to  incriminate  the  governor,  but 
an  opportunity  was  afforded  his  opponents 
to  make  war  on  his  administration.  A  pe- 
tition was  also  signed  remonstrating  against 
his  re-appointment,  and  requesting  the  ap- 
pointment of  Samuel  H.  Elbert,  which  proved 
effective. 

During  the  administration  of  Gov.  Mc- 
Cook, several  events  occurred  not  of  a  po- 
litical nature,  which  had  an  important  bearing 
on  the  future  of  Colorado. 

On  June  15,  1870,  the  first  construction 
train  of  the  Denver  Pacific,  drawn  by  a  lo- 
comotive named  "D.  H.  Moffat,"  pulled  into 
Denver.  On  June  24  the  road  was  completed 
and  accepted,  connecting  Denver  with  the 


Union  Pacific,  and  thus  this  city  was  first 
given  a  railway  outlet.  In  August,  1870, 
the  Kansas  Pacific  was  completed  to  Denver. 
On  September  23,  1870,  the  Colorado  Central 
Railroad  was  finished  as  far  as  Golden,  and 
traffic  established  between  Denver  and  that 
point.  Articles  of  incorporation  were  filed 
Oct.  27,  1870  by  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Railway  Company,  and  the  work  of  building 
that  great  system  was  inaugurated  in  March, 
1871.  The  Denver  &  Boulder  Valley  Rail- 
road opened  for  business  in  January,  1871. 
This  was  an  era  making  period.  These  and 
other  great  enterprises  were  laying  the  foun- 
dation for  Colorado's  future.  In  the  spring 
of  1870,  the  Greeley  Colony  was  established. 
Although  there  had  been  some  development 
in  the  irrigation  problem  from  the  early 
garden  tracts  and  pioneer  ranches,  that  raised 
products  for  the  first  settlers,  yet  now  were  to 
be  proven  those  facts  that  have  made  Colo- 
rado a  rich  agricultural  region.  Old  and  new 
mining  camps  were  being  developed.  The 
railroads  were  planing  new  towns,  and  there 
was  a  rushing  and  crowding  together  of  his- 
torical events. 

Samuel  H.  Elbert  was  appointed  Governor 
(1873-74)  as  the  successor  of  McCook,  and 
assumed  the  duties  of  that  office,  in  April, 
1873.  He  was  the  son-in-law  of  former 
Gov.  Evans,  under  whom  he  had  served  as 
secretary  of  the  territory.  Elbert's  appoint- 
ment was  well  received,  but  McCook,  feeling 
that  an  injustice  had  been  done  in  his  re- 
moval, began  to  plan  for  his  own  re-appoint- 
ment. This  political  fight  has  been  desig- 
nated as  the  McCook-Elbert  war,  in  which 
much  partisan  feeling  was  displayed.  During 
Elbert's  brief  administration,  several  import- 
ant state  institutions  were  established.  He 
called  a  convention  of  delegates  from  the  west, 
which  was  held  in  Denver,  to  discuss  the  arid 
land  question,  and  the  development  of  sup- 
posed millions  of  acres  of  worthless  land.  It 
was  but  the  beginning  of  similar  conventions 
that  are  now  convened  on  irrigation  problems, 
and  the  development  of  the  agricultural  re- 
sources. The  appeal  of  an  old  soldier  to  an 
old  soldier  was  not  without  its  effect,  and  es- 
pecially as  McCook  claimed  that  he  was  en- 
titled to  a  vindication.  The  re-appointment 
of  McCook  was  sudden  and  set  the  political 
pot  boiling  at  fever  heat.  The  democrats 
were  quick  to  take  advantage  of  the  situation. 
In  September,  1874,  Thomas  M.  Patterson 
was  elected  delegate  to  congress,  defeating 
the  republican  nominee.  The  republicans 
were  split  into  factions,  and  President  Grant 
recognizing  the  serious  condition  in  which  his 
party  had  been  placed,  appointed  Routt  to 
succeed  McCook  as  governor. 

John    L.    Routt,    Governor    (Territorial, 


—39— 


1875-76;  State,  1877-79,  1891-93)  of  Colo- 
rado, during  the  last  of  the  territorial  period, 
assumed  the  duties  of  that  office  March  30, 
1875.  He  found  the  republican  party  torn 
asunder  by  factional  feeling,  but  being  a  born 
leader,  and  of  unusual  executive  ability,  he 
began  to  heal  these  party  differences,  and 
place  it  in  a  position  where  it  held  full  sway 
in  state  politics  for  a  number  of  years.  The 
statehood  plan  had  now  been  revived  and 
pushed  with  energy.  Prominent  leaders  of 
both  parties  favored  the  admission  of  Colo- 
rado as  a  state,  republicans  and  democrats, 
both  hoping  to  carry  it  in  the  coming 
(1876)  presidential  election.  After  a  long  and 
strenuous  fight,  the  enabling  act  for  the  ad- 
mission of  Colorado  was  passed,  and  signed 
by  President  Grant  March  3,  1875.  Pursuant 
to  this  act,  an  election  was  held  to  choose 
delegates  to  frame  a  constitution,  and  the 
following  were  elected:  H.  P.  H.  Bromwell, 
Casimero  Barela,  William  E.  Beck,  George 
Boyles,  Byron  L.  Carr,  William  H.  Cushman, 
William  M.  Clark,  A.  D.  Cooper,  Henry  R. 
Crosby,  Robert  Douglas,  Frederick  J.  Ebert, 
Lewis  C.  Ellsworth,  Clarence  P.  Elder,  Wil- 
liam B.  Felton,  Jesus  Maria  Garcia,  John  S. 
Hough,  Daniel  Hurd,  Lafayette  Head,  Wil- 
liam H.  James,  William  R.  Kenedy,  William 
Lee,  Alvin  Marsh,  William  H.  Meyer,  S.  J. 


Plumb,  George  E.  Pease,  Robert  A.  Quillian, 
Lewis  C.  Rockwell,  Wilbur  F.  Stone,  William 
C.  Stover,  Henry  C.  Thatcher,  Agapito  Vigil, 
W.  W.  Webster,  George  C.  White,  Ebenezer 
T.  Wells,  P.  P.  Wilcox,  John  S.  Wheeler,  J. 
W.  Widderfield,  J.  C.  Wilson,  and  Abram  K. 
Yount. 

The  constitutional  convention,  composed 
of  thirty-nine  members,  was  convened  at 
Denver  in  December,  1875,  and  remained  in  ses- 
sion until  in  March,  1876.  Joseph  C.  Wilson 
was  elected  president,  and  W.  W.  Coulson,  sec- 
retary. The  constitution  prepared  by  this 
convention  was  an  able  document,  and  ex- 
cept for  some  few  amendments,  remains  in- 
tact. Repeated  efforts  have  been  made  pro- 
viding for  the  holding  of  another  constitu- 
tional convention,  but  so  thorough  was  the 
original,  the  people  have  been  unwilling  to 
risk  any  change,  except  in  adopting  an  oc- 
casional amendment  that  may  have  been  sub- 
mitted by  the  legislature. 

This  constitution  was  adopted  by  a  vote 
of  the  people,  and  on  August  1,  1876,  Presi- 
dent Grant  issued  his  proclamation  declaring 
that  Colorado  was  admitted  as  a  state.  Ow- 
ing to  the  date  of  its  admission,  it  is  known 
as  the  "Centennial"  state.  The  columbine 
has  been  adopted  as  the  state  flower,  and  the 
blue  spruce  as  the  state  tree. 


CHAPTER    IX. 

Colorado  as  a  State— The  Period   from  Governor   Routt 

to  Governor  Waite. 


HE  political  history  of  Colo- 
rado during  the  statehood 
period,  as  at  present  de- 
veloped, naturally  divides  it- 
self into  two  parts. 

1.  From  Gov.  John  L. 
Routt  to  Gov.  Davis  H. 
Waite. 

2.  From  Gov.  Waite  to  the  present  time, 
(1911.) 

During  the  period,  from  the  administration 
of  Gov.  Routt,  the  first  chief  executive  of 
Colorado  as  a  state,  up  to  that  of  Gov.  Waite, 
there  were  seven  gubernatorial  administra- 
tions, of  which  five  were  republican  and  two 
democratic,  as  follows: 

Republicans — Governors  John  L.  Routt, 
Frederick  W.  Pitkin  (two  terms  in  succession,) 
Benjamin  H.  Eaton,  Job  A.  Cooper,  and  John 
L.  Routt. 

Democrats — James  B.  Grant,  whose  ad- 
ministration came  between  that  of  Pitkin  and 
Eaton,  and  Alva  Adams,  between  that  of 
Eaton  and  Cooper. 

During  this  first  period,  party  lines  were 
drawn  on  republican  and  democratic  issues, 
and  campaigns  were  conducted  and  fought 
out  on  that  alignment,  during  which  time  two 
democrats  were  elected  governor,  in  what  was 
then  a  republican  state.  The  greenback, 
prohibition,  socialist,  and  farmers'  alliance, 
had  not  yet  developed  more  than  a  scatter- 
ing vote. 

With  the  election  of  Gov.  Waite,  there 
followed  a  new  alignment,  or  more  strictly 
speaking,  a  breaking  up  of  old  party  lines. 
With  and  since  his  administration  there  have 
been  populist,  republican,  democratic,  citi- 
zens, silver  republican,  socialist,  prohibition, 
and  fusion  tickets.  The  voters  have  swung 
from  one  party  to  another,  through  restless 
political  conditions,  which  even  now  are 
marked  with  more  or  less  instability. 

Political  activity  was  aroused,  now  that 
Colorado  was  a  state,  and  both  the  old  parties 
placed  in  nomination  exceptionally  strong 
tickets  for  the  election,  which  was  held  Oct. 
3,  1876.  After  a  thorough  canvass  and  an 
exciting  campaign,  the  republicans  carried 
the  state,  electing  the  following  ticket:  Gov- 


ernor, John  L.  Routt;  Lieutenant  Governor, 
Layfayette  Head;  Secretary  of  State,  Wil- 
liam Clark;  Auditor  of  State,  David  C.  Craw- 
ford; Treasurer  of  State,  George  C.  Corning; 
Attorney  General,  Archibald  J.  Sampson; 
Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction,  Joseph 
C.  Shattuck;  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
Henry  C.  Thatcher.  Ebenezer  T.  Wells,  and 
Samuel  H.  Elbert.  At  the  same  time,  James 
B.  Belford  was  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term  of  the  44th  congress,  and  the  full  term 
of  the  45th.  Gen.  Bela  M.  Hughes,  the 
democratic  candidate  for  governor,  though 
defeated,  made  a  gallant  fight.  A  disputed 
question  complicated  the  political  situation, 
as  to  the  exact  date  for  holding  the  congres- 
sional election  for  the  45th  congress,  and  the 
secretary  of  state  issued  a  notice  for  another 
election  on  November  7th,  for  that  purpose. 
The  republicans  paid  no  attention  io  this 
notice,  although  inclined  at  first  to  enter  the 
canvass.  Belford  had  already  been  declared 
elected  to  the  44th  congress  by  a  majority 
of  437  votes,  and  988  for  the  45th.  Thomas 
M.  Patterson,  who  had  been  the  democratic 
nominee  against  Judge  Belford,  had  his  name 
placed  on  the  ballots  for  the  election  of  Nov- 
ember 7th,  but  Belford  claiming  to  have  been 
legally  chosen,  refused  to  participate  therein. 
A  light  vote  was  polled,  Patterson  receiving 
3,580;  Belford,  172;  and,  scattering,  77.  There 
was  no  doubt  as  to  Belford's  election  to  the 
44th  congress,  but  the  Hayes-Tilden  contest 
presented  new  obstacles.  The  claim  was 
made  that  congress  had  the  right  to  pass  upon 
the  question  as  to  whether  a  state  had  been 
legally  admitted,  notwithstanding  the  presi- 
dent's proclamation.  After  a  prolonged  fight, 
Judge  Belford  was  seated,  serving  hardly  more 
than  a  month  in  the  44th  congress.  Mr.  Pat- 
terson successfully  contested  Judge  Belford's 
seat  in  the  45th  congress,  on  the  ground  that 
under  the  enabling  act,  the  election  for  con- 
gressman should  have  been  held  on  the  7th 
of  November. 

The  first  general  assembly  of  the  State 
of  Colorado  was  convened  on  Nov.  1,  1876, 
in  which  the  republicans  had  a  large  majority. 
W.  W.  Webster  of  Summit  county  was  elected 
president  pro  tempore  of  the  senate,  and 


—41— 


George  T.  Clark  of  Arapahoe,  secretary.  In 
the  house,  Webster  D.  Anthony  of  Arapahoe 
was  chosen  speaker,  and  W.  B.  Felton  of 
Saguache,  chief  clerk.  The  first  bill  in- 
troduced, provided  that  on  Nov.  7th,  the  sen- 
ate and  house  in  joint  session,  should  pro- 
ceed to  the  selection  of  three  presidential 
electors,  and  on  that  date  Herman  Beckurts, 
Otto  Hears,  and  Willian  L.  Hadley,  were 
elected.  The  republican  majority  of  the 
legislature  elected  Jerome  B.  Chaffee  and 
Henry  M.  Teller  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
while  the  democratic  minority,  in  caucus, 
agreed  to  cast  their  votes  for  W.  A.  H.  Love- 
land  and  Thomas  Macon.  Chaffee  and  Tel- 
ler were  seated  Dec.  4,  1876,  Chaffee  drawing 
the  longer  and  Teller  the  shorter  term.  On 
Dec.  9,  1876,  Mr.  Teller  was  elected  for  the 
full  term  of  six  years  from  March  3,  1877. 

About  this  time  discoveries  were  being 
made,  that  a  little  later  developed  the  great 
Leadville  mining  excitement.  It  was  in  this 
locality,  that  the  Colorado  miners  in  1859  and 
1860,  had  panned  out  gold  in  California  Gulch, 
without  a  thought  as  to  the  richness  of  the 
carbonates  of  that  district.  In  1876,  some 
few  prospects  were  developed,  followed  by  a 
little  more  activity  in  1877,  when  that  sec- 
tion began  to  attract  attention.  In  1878,  the 
big  boom  was  on  which  continued  for  several 
years,  and  Leadville  became  the  great  mining 
camp  of  the  world,  making  H.  A.  W.  Tabor, 
and  others  millionaires.  Silver  Cliff  in  Cus- 
ter  county  also  flourished  for  a  time,  second 
only  to  Leadville.  These  discoveries  were  fol- 
lowed by  a  rush  into  the  Gunnison  country, 
where  Aspen,  Pitkin,  and  other  camps  were 
afterward  established.  There  was  also  activity 
in  the  San  Juan  region.  Del  Norte  and 
Durango  began  to  flourish  as  centers  for  the 
trade  of  that  region,  where  had  been  estab- 
lished at  different  intervals,  Silverton,  Ouray, 
Lake  City.  Rico,  Ophir,  Telluride,  and  other 
mining  towns.  Some  parts  of  the  San  Juan 
were  almost  deserted  at  the  time  of  the  Lead- 
ville boom,  but  when  the  lull  came,  many  re- 
turning to  that  rich  section,  put  new  life  into 
the  old  camps,  or  started  new  ones. 

In  January  1877,  the  President  appointed 
Moses  Hallett,  U.  S.  District  Judge  for  Colo- 
rado. This  eminent  jurist  held  that  position 
until  he  retired  from  the  bench  in  1906,  and 
was  succeeded  by  Judge  Robert  E.  Lewis. 
Judge  Westbrook  S.  Decker  was  also  ap- 
pointed U.  S.  District  Attorney,  and  William 
L.  Campbell,  Surveyor  of  Colorado,  also  in 
January,  1877. 

In  1878,  the  "  greenbackers "  entered  the 
political  field  with  the  republicans  and  demo- 
crats, nominating  a  full  state  ticket  with 
Dr.  R.  G.  Buckingham  at  the  head  for  gov- 
ernor. Both  the  old  parties  still  main- 


tained their  ascendency,  and  made  strong 
nominations.  James  B.  Belford,  republican, 
defeated  Thomas  M.  Patterson  for  congress. 
The  republican  state  ticket  was  also  elected, 
Frederick  W.  Pitkin  making  a  successful  race 
against  W.  A.  H.  Loveland,  democrat,  and 
Dr.  Buckingham,  greenbacker. 

Frederick  W.  Pitkin,  Governor  (1879- 
1883)  of  Colorado,  was  one  of  the  purest  and 
ablest  men  who  has  held  official  position  in 
this  state,  serving  four  consecutive  years  as 
chief  executive,  and  later  making  a  very  close 
contest  for  the  U.  S.  Senate.  Owing  to  ill 
health,  Senator  Chaffee  announced  that  he 
would  not  be  a  candidate  for  re-election,  al- 
though afterward  he  was  urged  to  make  the 
race.  In  the  meantime,  Prof.  N.  P.  Hill,  who 
had  established  the  extensive  plant  of  the 
Boston  &  Colorado  Smelting  Company,  en- 
tered the  senatorial  field  on  the  statement 
that  Chaffee  was  not  a  candidate.  William 
A.  Hammill,  chairman  of  the  republican  state 
central  committee,  Henry  and  Edward  O. 
Wolcott,  and  Charles  H.  Toll,  were  the  leaders 
that  effected  a  combination  which  resulted 
in  the  nomination  of  Prof.  Hill  in  the  repub- 
lican caucus.  The  democratic  minority  sup- 
ported W.  A.  H.  Loveland.  In  January, 
1879,  N.  P.  Hill  was  elected  U.  S.  Senator,  to 
succeed  Mr.  Chaffee.  Senator  Hill  was  one 
of  the  strongest  and  most  influential  men  in 
the  history  of  the  state,  and  ably  represented 
Colorado  at  Washington  during  a  term  of  six 
years.  In  addition  to  his  large  smelting  and 
mining  interests,  Senator  Hill  was  also  the 
proprietor  of  the  Denver  Republican,  which 
is  still  owned  by  his  heirs. 

Gov.  Pitkin's  administration  was  soon  con- 
fronted by  an  outbreak  of  the  Utes,  and  the 
Meeker  massacre  on  White  river  followed  in 
1879.  Subsequent  to  the  treaty  of  1868,  still 
another  treaty  was  made  in  1873  by  which 
the  Utes  ceded  the  San  Juan  region,  in  which 
prospectors  had  made  rich  discoveries  of  the 
precious  metals.  The  Indians  now  claimed  the 
government  had  not  fulfilled  its  agreements, 
and  especially  in  the  payment  of  annuities. 
Another  source  of  irritation  was  the  overflow 
of  the  Leadville  rush,  into  the  Gunnison 
country,  which  resulted  in  much  friction  be- 
tween the  whites  and  the  Indians.  Here  was 
a  vast  unexplored  region,  inhabited  by  a  few 
Indian  tribes,  but  which,  if  opened  to  settle- 
ment, would  become  productive  of  great 
mineral  and  agricultural  wealth.  N.  C. 
Meeker,  who  bore  a  prominent  part  in  the 
founding  of  the  Union  colony  at  Greeley, 
Colorado,  was  appointed,  early  in  1878,  agent 
for  the  White  River  Utes.  He  was  accom- 
panied to  the  agency  by  his  wife,  daughter 
Josephine,  and  a  few  others.  The  Indians 
were  in  a  resentful  and  irritable  mood.  They 


-42— 


not  only  complained  of  the  failure  to  supply 
them  with  their  annuities,  but  tribal  jealousies 
also  complicated  the  situation.  Douglas, 
Colorow,  Jack,  Johnson,  Antelope,  and  others 
had  looked  unkindly  upon  the  supremacy 
that  had  been  given  Ouray.  Meeker  was  a 
philanthropist  and  it  was  his  hearty  wish  to 
civilize  the  Utes,  but  they  looked  with  dis- 
favor on  his  humanitarian  plans.  He  but 
little  understood  Indian  character,  and  the 
Utes  reluctantly  at  first  yielded  to  his  irri- 
gating and  farming  schemes  at  the  agency. 
In  January,  1879,  the  Colorado  legislature 
memorialized  congress  to  remove  the  Indians 
and  open  their  reservation  for  settlement. 
The  memorial  set  forth  that  but  3,000  Utes 
occupied  12,000,000  acres  of  valuable  lands, 
and  the  slogan  in  Colorado  was,  "The  Utes 
must  go."  In  the  meantime,  the  Indians 
would  not  submit  to  agent  Meeker's  discipline, 
and,  in  the  friction  that  followed,  were  almost 
constantly  off  their  reservation,  causing  much 
annoyance  to  the  whites.  Later  Captain 
Jack  and  other  chiefs  visited  Denver  and  laid 
their  complaints  before  Gov.  Pitkin,  also  de- 
manding Meeker's  removal.  The  governor 
at  once  warned  the  departments  at  Wash- 
ington of  the  danger  of  an  outbreak,  but  it 
was  not  then  heeded.  After  further  cor- 
respondence, a  company  of  negro  cavalry 
was  dispatched  on  a  scouting  expedition  in 
Middle  Park. 

During  his  temporary  absence  from  home, 
two  Utes  burned  the  house  of  Maj.  James  B. 
Thompson,  on  Bear  river,  whereupon  the 
latter  secured  warrants  for  their  arrest. 
Meeker,  in  his  effort  although  futile,  to  assist 
the  sheriff's  posse  in  their  attempt  to  serve 
these  warrants,  but  increased  the  enmity 
of  the  Utes.  A  crisis  was  now  imminent,  and 
Gen  Sheridan  dispatched  Maj.  Thomas  T. 
Thornburg  with  a  command  of  three  com- 
panies of  cavalry  from  Fort  Steele,  Wyoming, 
to  the  scene  of  the  threatened  outbreak. 
Thornburg's  command  was  attacked  Sep.  29, 
by  Captain  Jack  and  the  Utes  on  Milk  river, 
about  25  miles  from  the  agency.  In  attempt- 
ing to  reach  his  wagon  train,  Maj.  Thornburg 
and  thirteen  men  were  killed,  and  the  com- 
mand now  devolved  upon  Captain  Payne, 
who  was  besieged  by  the  Indians.  In  the 
night,  a  scout  named  Rankin,  stole  his  way 
through  the  hostiles,  and  rode  a  distance  of 
160  miles  to  Rawlins,  in  28  hours,  giving 
warning  of  the  direful  straits  in  which  Thorn- 
burg's  command  had  been  placed.  Captain 
Dodge  with  his  negro  company,  who  had 
been  scouting  in  Middle  Park,  was  reached, 
and  at  once  hastened  to  the  relief  of  his  com- 
rades, but  it  was  deemed  unwise  for  him  to 
attack  the  bluffs  and  fight  a  hidden  foe.  In 
the  meantime,  Gen.  Wesley  Merritt  with 


several  hundred  men,  was  hurrying  to  the 
rescue,  and  relieved  the  beleaguered  troops, 
who  during  six  days  of  intense  suffering  and 
hard  fighting  had  been  able  to  maintain  a 
successful  resistance,  in  their  hastily  con- 
structed entrenchments.  Their  loss  was  14 
killed  and  43  wounded.  Thirty-five  Indians 
are  known  to  have  been  killed.  The  same 
day  that  Captain  Jack  attacked  Thornburg, 
Douglas  and  his  band,  aided  by  Persune, 
carried  out  their  terrible  work  at  the  agency. 
Meeker  and  eleven  employes,  all  men,  were 
massacred  and  their  bodies  horribly  mutilated 
and  disfigured.  Mrs.  Meeker,  her  daughter 
Josephine,  Mrs.  Price,  the  wife  of  the  black- 
smith, and  her  little  daughter,  three  years  of  age, 
were  made  prisoners.  In  the  meantime  Ouray 
had  sent  word  to  the  settlers  of  his  inability 
to  control  the  Indians,  and  also  dispatched 
couriers  to  the  White  River  Utes  requesting 
them  to  cease  fighting.  Gen.  Dave  Cook  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  state  forces  at  Lake 
City,  and  Gen.  Hatch  was  hurrying  regulars 
to  the  southwest.  Special  agent,  Charles  Adams 
of  the  Indian  department,  and  a  personal 
friend  of  Ouray,  was  intrusted  with  the  task 
of  rescuing  the  captive  women,  which  he  ac- 
complished, when  he  found  them  at  the  In- 
dian camp,  on  Grand  river.  The  arrival  of 
troops,  and  the  friendly  assistance  of  Ouray, 
who  was  a  distinguished  Indian  statesman  and 
friend  of  the  whites,  resulted  in  the  restora- 
tion of  peace.  In  1880,  the  White  River 
Utes  were  removed  to  Utah.  During  all 
this  time,  Gov.  Pitkin  was  besieged  with  cor- 
respondence and  telegrams,  and  kept  the 
situation  well  in  hand.  Colorado  had  barely 
recovered  from  the  Ute  war  excitement,  when 
in  the  spring  of  1880,  followed  the  miner's 
strike  in  Leadville,  over  the  question  of  wages. 
Riots  being  imminent,  Gov.  Pitkin  declared 
martial  law,  and  quiet  was  soon  restored.  In 
October,  1880,  an  anti-Chinese  riot  broke  out 
in  Denver,  and  before  it  ended,  two  Chinese 
had  been  killed  and  several  injured. 

At  the  election,  held  in  the  fall  of  1880, 
Garfield  carried  the  state  for  the  presidency. 
Judge  Belford  was  re-elected  to  congress,  and 
Pitkin,  Governor  with  the  entire  republican 
state  ticket.  George  B.  Robinson,  who  had 
been  elected  lieutenant  governor,  was  killed 
Nov.  29,  by  a  guard  at  his  own  mine,  who 
mistook  him  for  a  mine  jumper.  Through 
his  death,  Lieutenant  Gov.  Horace  A.  W. 
Tabor,  held  that  position  for  another  term. 
In  April,  1882,  Senator  Teller  resigned  his 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate,  to  accept  the 
portfolio  of  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  in 
President  Arthur's  cabinet.  This  placed  Gov. 
Pitkin  in  an  embarrassing  position,  for  the 
duty  devolved  upon  him  to  appoint  a  suc- 
cessor to  Teller  in  the  Senate,  until  the  meet- 


—43— 


ing  of  the  legislature.  Former  Gov.  Routt, 
Lt.  Gov.  Tabor,  Judge  Thomas  M.  Bowen, 
George  M.  Chilcott,  and  other  republican 
leaders  were  applicants  for  the  position.  The 
governor  appointed  Chilcott,  which  aroused 
the  opposition  of  the  unsuccessful  candidates, 
and  later  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Gov.  Pit- 
kin  for  the  senate. 

Henry  R.  Wolcott  was  the  choice  of  the 
great  mass  of  republicans  for  the  guberna- 
torial nomination  in  1882,  but  through  the 
combined  efforts  of  Senator  Chaffee  and  his 
friends,  Mr.  Wolcott  was  defeated  for  that 
nomination  in  the  state  convention,  and 
Ernest  L.  Campbell  was  placed  at  the  head  of 
the  ticket.  The  democrats  named  an  ex- 
ceptionally popular  man  when  they  nomi- 
nated James  B.  Grant  for  governor.  The 
defection  of  republicans,  because  of  the  re- 
jection of  the  nomination  of  Henry  R.  Wol- 
cott in  the  state  convention,  and  the  personal 
strength  of  James  B.  Grant,  resulted  in  the 
election  of  the  latter  as  governor,  but  the  re- 
mainder of  the  republican  ticket  won  out, 
together  with  James  B.  Belford,  for  congress. 
Gov.  Grant  was  the  first  democrat  who  has 
held  that  office  in  Colorado,  and  his  party 
was  elated  in  this  first  breach  that  was  made 
in  a  state,  that  had  been  accustomed  to  roll 
up  republican  majorities.  Gov.  Grant  was  a 
business  man  and  gave  the  state  a  safe  and 
popular  administration,  in  a  quiet  and  unos- 
tentatious way.  There  had  been  so  much  of 
war  and  strikes,  and  general  turmoil  and 
strife,  that  the  people  welcomed  the  respite. 
The  political  situation  now  centered  on  the 
election  of  two  U.  S.  Senators  by  the  legisla- 
ture, which  had  convened  in  January  1883, 
one  for  the  few  weeks  remaining  of  Senator 
Teller's  term,  and  one  for  the  full  period  of 
six  years,  beginning  March  4,  1883.  H.  A. 
W.  Tabor  was  elected  to  fill  the  unexpired 
term,  to  which  Gov.  Pitkin  had  temporarily 
appointed  Senator  Chilcott.  Pitkin  was  now 
a  candidate  for  the  long  term,  but  the  party 
leaders,  whom  he  ignored  in  Chilcott's  ap- 
pointment, now  combined  against  him.  Al- 
though Pitkin  came  within  two  votes  of  the 
nomination,  the  choice  finally  fell  to  Judge 
Thomas  M.  Bowen  of  Del  Norte.  The  ex- 
pediency of  erecting  a  state  capitol  building 
was  revived  at  this  session.  A  bill  was  passed 
to  that  effect,  and  the  following  commission- 
ers were  named  to.  carry  out  the  provisions 
of  the  act:  John  L.  Routt,  Dennis  Sullivan, 
George  W.  Kassler,  Alfred  Butters,  E.  S. 
Nettleton,  and  W.  W.  Webster.  An  ap- 
propriation of  $150,000  was  provided  for  the 
erection  of  the  first  wing.  In  the  fall  of  1881, 
by  a  popular  vote,  Denver  had  been  selected 
as  the  capital  city,  and  that  troublesome 
question  having  been  eliminated,  the  erection 


of  a  building  could  be  planned  with  certainty. 
What  had  been  formerly  known  in  general 
terms  as  the  "Gunnison  Country,"  had  re- 
ceived an  immense  immigration,  since  the 
removal  of  the  Utes,  and  the  new  counties  of 
Delta,  Mesa,  and  Montrose,  were  established 
at  this  session,  and  Eagle  and  Garfield  coun- 
ties in  the  northwest.  Democrats,  repub- 
licans, and  greenbackers,  all  placed  candidates 
in  the  field  for  the  fall  election  in  1884,  which 
was  also  the  presidential  year,  with  Cleve- 
land, Blaine,  and  Gen.  Butler,  respectively 
heading  these  national  tickets.  The  repub- 
licans carried  the  election,  state  and  national, 
George  G.  Symes  being  elected  to  congress, 
and  Benjamin  H.  Eaton  defeated  Alva 
Adams  for  governor.  The  legislature  was 
convened  in  January,  1885,  and  the  Hill- 
Teller  senatorial  fight  at  once  became  the 
pivotal  question.  Senator  Hill,  who  was  a 
candidate  for  re-election,  was  bitterly  op- 
posed by  Senator  Chaffee  and  his  friends, 
the  latter  supporting  Senator  Teller,  who  was 
soon  to  retire  from  the  cabinet.  Senator 
Teller  was  re-elected  after  one  of  the  bitterest 
and  most  acrimonious  partisan  contests  in 
the  history  of  the  republican  party  in  Colo- 
rado. Dennis  Sullivan  received  the  compli- 
mentary vote  of  the  democratic  minority 
for  U.  S.  Senator 

Benjamin  H.  Eaton,  the  new  governor 
(1885-1887)  was  a  Colorado  pioneer,  and  early 
interested  himself  in  irrigation  problems.  He 
was  one  of  the  most  extensive  ranchmen  and 
farmers  in  the  state.  In  May,  1885,  the 
Knights  of  Labor  struck  at  the  Burnham  shops 
of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railway.  Trouble 
was  precipitated  by  the  employment  of  non- 
union men.  The  strikers  armed  themselves, 
and  for  a  time  violence  was  threatened. 
Some  of  the  leaders  were  arrested,  tried  for 
contempt  in  violating  the  orders  of  the  court, 
and  imprisoned  for  several  months,  causing 
much  ill  will  among  those  favoring  labor 
unions.  During  Gov.  Eaton's  administra- 
tion, there  was  a  large  immigration  to  the 
agricultural  portions  of  the  state,  and  es- 
pecially in  the  so  called  "arid"  regions.  In 
1886,  George  G.  Symes  was  re-elected  to 
congress,  defeating  the  Rev.  Myron  W.  Reed, 
and  the  entire  republican  state  ticket  proved  a 
winner  with  the  exception  of  the  head,  Alva 
Adams,  democrat,  being  elected  governor, 
the  second  of  his  party  to  be  thus  honored  in 
this  state.  In  the  preceding  election,  Adams 
had  been  defeated  by  Eaton,  but  that  did  not 
deter  him  from  making  another  trial,  after 
receiving  the  honor  of  a  nomination  from  his 
party,  with  which  he  was  not  only  very  strong, 
but  had  a  large  personal  following  in  the  state. 
He  was  soon  confronted  with  one  of  those  in- 
termittent outbreaks  of  the  Utes.  Colorow 


was  accustomed  to  revisit  Colorado  on  hunt- 
ing expeditions,  and  often  terrorized  the  set- 
tlers by  his  threats  and  bulldozing  methods. 
In  August,  1887,  on  one  of  these  expeditions 
near  Meeker,  two  of  his  band  were  accused  of 
stealing  horses,  and  when  Sheriff  Kendall  of 
Garfield  county,  attempted  their  arrest,  a 
fight  ensued.  From  this,  a  general  alarm  was 
sounded  along  the  western  border  of  the 
state,  and  after  urgent  appeals  from  those  on 
the  frontier,  the  governor  sent  General 
George  W.  West  to  investigate  these  rumors. 
On  his  recommendation,  Brig.  Gen.  Frank  M. 
Reardon  was  dispatched  with  troops  to  the 
scene  of  the  troubles.  A  fight  ensued  near 
Rangeley,  in  which  Jasper  Ward  of  the  sher- 
iff's posse  was  killed,  three  of  the  militia  were 
wounded  and  several  Indians  were  reported 
slain. 

Four  tickets  were  nominated  for  the  state 
campaign  of  1888,  democratic,  republican, 
greenbacker,  and  prohibitionist.  The  entire 
republican  ticket  was  elected,  with  Job  A. 
Cooper  for  governor,  who  received  44,490, 
as  against  39,197  for  Thomas  M.  Patterson, 
democrat,  2,248  for  W.  C.  Stover,  prohi- 
bitionist, and  1,085  for  Rev.  Gilbert  De  La 
Mater,  greenbacker.  Hosea  Townsend,  re- 
publican was  the  successful  competitor  against 
Thomas  Macon  for  congress. 

Job  A.  Cooper,  Governor  (1889-1891)  was  a 
banker,  who  gave  the  state  a  good  business  ad- 
ministration, which  was  not  disturbed  by  un- 
toward events.  The  legislature,  which  was  re- 
publican, met  in  January,  1889,  and  Edward  O. 
Wolcott  was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  to 
succeed  Thomas  M.Bowen.  Charles  S.  Thomas 
was  honored  with  the  complimentary  vote  of 
the  democratic  members,  for  that  high  office. 
At  this  session  of  the  legislature,  the  new 
counties  established  were:  Baca,  Cheyenne, 
Kiowa,  Kit  Carson,  Lincoln,  Montezuma, 
Morgan,  Otero,  Phillips,  Prowers,  Rio  Blanco, 
Sedgwick,  and  Yuma.  The  rapid  growth  of 
the  state,  especially  in  the  agricultural  dis- 
tricts, is  shown  in  this  large  number  of  sub- 
divisions from  the  old  counties.  A  compul- 
sory school  law  was  also  enacted.  Among  the 
appropriations  were:  $100,000  for  a  reforma- 
tory in  Chaff ee  county;  $20,000  for  an  or- 
phan's home  in  Denver,  and  $10,000  for  a 
normal  school  at  Greeley. 

The  republicans  carried  the  state  in  1890, 
with  the  exception  of  two  minor  nominations 
on  the  state  ticket,  John  L.  Routt  winning 
over  Judge  Caldwell  Yeaman,  the  demo- 


cratic nominee,  and  Hosea  Townsend,  over 
his  competitor,  T.  J.  O'Donnell.  J.  G.  Coy, 
the  Farmer's  Alliance  and  Trades  Union 
nominee  for  governor  received  5,199,  and 
J.  A.  Ellet,  prohibition,  1,058.  This  was  the 
third  time  that  Gov.  Routt  was  called  upon 
to  fill  the  chair  of  the  chief  executive  of  this 
state.  When  the  legislature  assembled  in 
January,  1891,  the  democrats,  who  were  in 
the  minority,  cast  their  vote  for  Caldwell 
Yeaman  for  U.  S.  Senator,  and  the  republi- 
cans re-elected  Henry  M.  Teller.  During 
this  session,  the  house  of  representatives  of 
the  legislature  was  the  scene  of  tumult,  and 
almost  a  riot  for  several  days.  James  W. 
Hanna  was  elected  speaker,  but  not  satisfied 
with  his  conduct  as  the  presiding  officer,  a 
combination  was  effected  between  a  faction 
.  of  the  republicans  and  the  democrats,  who 
declared  the  speakership  vacant,  and  chose 
Jesse  White  for  speaker.  For  some  time, 
there  were  two  presiding  officers.  Gov. 
Routt,  to  whom  an  appeal  had  been  made  to 
send  in  troops  to  prevent  a  riot,  complied 
only  so  far  as  to  have  them  in  readiness  at 
the  armory,  should  he  be  finally  justified  in 
the  use  of  so  extreme  a  measure.  The  matter 
was  referred  to  the  supreme  court,  and  under 
its  decision,  White  became  the  regular  speak- 
er. The  question  that  brought  on  the  strife, 
was  the  contention  of  the  opposition  that  it 
was  the  prerogative  of  the  house,  and  not 
the  speaker,  to  appoint  the  standing  com-, 
mittees,  and  Mr.  Hanna  refusing  to  make  this 
concession,  the  successful  combination  was 
made  against  him,  that  resulted  in  his  dis- 
comfiture. Although  not  a  part  of  the 
speakership  controversy,  yet  incidental  to  it, 
Harley  McCoy  shot  and  killed  Police  In- 
spector Charles  A.  Hawley,  on  the  street 
near  the  assembly  chamber. 

Preliminary  to  the  work  of  preparing  for 
the  Columbian  exposition  at  Chicago,  Gov. 
Routt  appointed  commissioners  for  that  pur- 
pose. In  1892,  both  Creede  and  Cripple 
Creek  were  coming  into  prominence  as  the 
new  mining  camps  of  the  state.  During  all 
this  time,  the  silver  question  was  developing 
more  and  more  into  the  great  issue  which  it 
was  soon  to  become,  and  in  which  Colorado  was 
to  play  a  prominent  part.  Up  to  the  present 
time,  the  old  parties  had  held  the  field  almost 
exclusively,  but  populism,  the  silver  question, 
the  panic  of  1893,  strikes  in  the  mining  camps, 
presented  new  issues,  and  the  first  of  a  new 
alignment  came  in  the  coming  campaign, 
resulting  in  the  election  of  Gov.  Waite. 


—45— 


CHAPTER  X. 

The  Period   from   Governor   Waite's    Administration  to    that   of 
Governor  Shafroth — New  Allignment  in  Political  Parties. 


AVIS  HANSEN  WAITE, 
Governor  (1893-95)  of  Colo- 
rado was  elected  on  the 
populist  ticket  in  1892,  as- 
sisted by  a  faction  of  the 
democratic  party.  The  last 
general  assembly  had  re- 
districted  the  state,  so  that 
the  legislature  now  consisted  of  100  members, 
the  senate  being  increased  to  35,  and  the  house 
to  65.  Under  the  census  of  1890,  the  state 
was  entitled  to  two  representatives  in  con- 
gress, and  the  first  and  second  congressional 
districts  were  established,  the  first  composed 
of  the  following  counties:  Larimer,  Boulder, 
Weld,  Jefferson,  Park,  Lake,  Morgan,  Logan, 
Washington,  Sedgwick,  Phillips,  Yuma,  and 
Arapahoe;  second  district,  the  rest  of  the 
state.  Among  the  several  issues  in  the  cam- 
paign of  1892,  the  paramount  question  was 
the  remonitization  of  silver,  and  its  free  coin- 
age. Davis  H.  Waite  was  nominated  for 
governor  by  the  people's  party,  or  populist 
so  called.  The  democratic  party  was  di- 
vided, the  more  liberal  element  endorsing 
Waite's  nomination.  The  other  democratic 
faction,  known  in  local  politics  as  the  "white 
wings,"  in  which  President  Cleveland's  friends 
were  alligned,  placed  a  ticket  of  their  own  in 
the  field,  with  Joseph  H.  Maupin  at  the  head, 
for  governor.  The  republicans  nominated 
for  governor,  Joseph  C.  Helm,  who  had  long 
served  on  the  supreme  bench  of  the  state. 
John  C.  Hipp  was  the  candidate  of  the  pro- 
hibitionists for  that  office.  In  the  first  con- 
gressional district,  Lafe  Pence  was  the  nomi- 
nee of  the  silver  democrats  and  the  populists, 
Earl  B.  Coe  of  the  republicans,  and  John  G. 
Taylor  of  the  "white  wings"  (democrat);  in 
the  second  congressional  district,  John  C. 
Bell  stood  for  the  populists  and  democrats, 
against  H.  H.  Eddy,  republican.  It  was  one 
of  the  bitter  campaigns  in  Colorado, 
resulting  as  follows:  Waite,  44,242;  Helm, 
38,806;  Maupin,  8,944;  and  Hipp,  1,764. 
Waite,  with  the  entire  fusion  ticket  was 
elected,  including  Lafe  Pence  from  the  first 
district,  and  John  C.  Bell  from  the  second,  to 
the  53rd  congress. 

Waite  did  not  have  a  working  majority 


in  the  legislature,  and  here  found  a  serious 
obstacle  to  some  of  his  pet  measures.  The 
most  important  legislation  enacted,  was  the 
submission  of  a  constitutional  amendment  to 
the  people,  which  was  adopted  at  the  next 
election,  by  which  the  elective  franchise 
was  extended  to  women  in  Colorado.  At 
a  large  meeting  held  in  Denver,  July 
11  and  12,  1893,  Gov.  Waite  delivered  his 
famous  "bloody  bridles"  speech  in  which  he 
said:  "It  is  infinitely  better  that  blood 
should  flow  to  our  horses'  bridles,  than  that 
our  liberties  should  be  destroyed." 

The  panic  of  1893  now  struck  Denver,  be- 
ginning with  the  suspension  of  three  savings 
banks  in  the  city  on  July  17th,  together  with 
the  closing  of  three  private  banking  insti- 
tutions. Other  and  larger  banks  also  suspended. 
Some  bravely  met  the  issue,  and  pulled 
through,  although  runs  were  started  on  them, 
but  confidence  was  restored,  and  the  tempo- 
rary alarm  of  their  depositors  was  quieted, 
The  depression  in  business  was  increased  by 
the  rapid  fall  in  the  price  of  silver  and  the 
closing  of  many  of  the  mines,  throwing  out  of 
employment  thousands  of  workmen.  The 
non-production  of  the  mines  affected  affiliated 
interests,  adding  still  other  thousands  to  the 
army  of  the  unemployed.  Idle  men  flocked 
to  the  cities,  and  especially  to  Denver. 
Thousands  of  them  were  hungry  and  penniless. 
Relief  camps  were  established  under  military 
surveillance,  where  tents  and  supplies  were 
furnished,  and  during  the  crisis  of  two  or 
three  weeks,  probably  10,000  people  were  in 
this  way,  cared  for  in  Denver.  Cheap 
restaurants  were  also  established,  not  for  a 
pecuniary  purpose,  but  to  afford  those  who 
had  a  little  money,  the  opportunity  to  ob- 
tain a  meal  for  five  cents.  One  of  these  five 
cent  meal  tickets  was  good  for  a  cup  of  coffee, 
a  little  bread  and  potatoes,  and  a  small  piece 
of  meat — just  enough  to  keep  body  and  soul 
together.  Churches  threw  open  their  doors, 
and  many  a  homeless  wanderer  found  a 
place  to  sleep,  on  a  pew  or  the  floor.  Some 
made  it  their  special  mission  to  seek  out  those, 
who,  suddenly  thrown  out  of  employment, 
were  in  sore  need  and  distress,  but  too  proud 
to  make  known  their  wants.  These  were 


given  assistance  in  a  quiet  and  unpretentious 
way.  At  night,  the  streets  were  thronged 
with  thousands  as  if  at  a  carnival, — it  was  a 
carnival  without  laughter  or  smiles — for  it 
was  led  by  the  spectres  of  want  and  misery. 
At  such  a  time,  Daniel  Arata  killed  Benjamin 
C.  Lightfoot,  his  victim  being  about  sixty 
years  of  age.  The  county  jail  in  Denver, 
in  which  Arata  was  held  a  prisoner,  was 
stormed  by  a  mob.  The  city  being  full  of 
idle  men,  soon  thousands  gathered  about  the 
jail.  The  mob  forced  its  way  to  the  cell  of 
the  unfortunate  Arata,  who  was  taken  out, 
shot  and  hung,  and  then  his  body  dragged 
through  the  streets  and  suspended  from  a 
telegraph  pole  in  the  business  part  of  the 
city.  Those  were  anxious  days  in  Denver,  and 
the  Arata  affair  was  one  of  its  terrible  in- 
cidents— for  such  as  that  can  only  happen,  dur- 
ing the  most  abnormal  of  social  conditions. 

During  his  administration,  Gov.  Waite 
was  involved  in  what  has  been  commonly 
designated  as  "two  wars:"  one,  the  "City 
Hall  War,"  and  the  other  the  "Cripple  Creek 
War."  The  governor,  who  had  hitherto  ex- 
perienced some  trouble  with  the  Denver  Fire 
and  Police  board,  in  March,  1894,  removed 
two  of  its  members,  Jackson  Orr  and  D.  J. 
Martin,  who  refused  to  yield  their  offices  to 
Dennis  Mullins  and  S.  D.  Barnes,  who  had 
been  appointed  their  successors.  Orr  and 
Martin  carried  the  question  into  the  courts, 
but  Gov.  Waite  claimed  that  it  was  a  matter 
for  the  governor,  and  called  out  the  militia 
to  enforce  his  order.  The  state  troops  were 
marched  to  the  vicinity  of  the  city  hall, 
which  was  guarded  by  the  police  and  many 
of  the  armed  friends  of  the  deposed  commis- 
sioners. The  military  planted  a  canon  in  the 
street  fronting  the  hall,  but  the  order  that  was 
expected  did  not  come,  and  the  city  hall  was 
not  fired  upon.  In  the  midst  of  the  great 
excitement  that  prevailed,  the  attorneys  on 
both  sides  were  in  consultation,  and  promi- 
nent citizens  were  using  all  means  possible 
to  avert  trouble  and  bloodshed.  The  su- 
preme court  consented  to  take  original  juris- 
diction, and  the  war  ended.  The  court  later 
rendered  an  opinion,  sustaining  the  right  of 
Waite  to  remove  the  commissioners,  and  Orr 
and  Martin  readily  yielded  to  the  order  of 
the  court. 

The  Cripple  Creek  war  in  1894,  was  the  re- 
sult of  a  strike  by  the  miners,  who  demanded 
$3  a  day  in  wages  for  eight  hours  work.  The 
dispute  between  the  miners  and  the  mine 
owners,  also  involved  the  employment  of 
non  union  men.  The  strikers  armed  them- 
selves, and  the  mine  owners  appealed  to  the 
sheriff.  Several  hundred  deputies  were  sent 
from  Denver  to  assist  the  mine  owners  in  the 
protection  of  their  property.  Attempts  at 


arbitration  and  peaceable  settlement,  proved 
abortive.  The  striking  miners  resisted  the 
attempt  to  serve  warrants  on  men  who  were 
supposed  to  have  been  implicated  in  blowing 
up  the  Victor  shaft,  one  of  the  unfortunate 
affairs  connected  with  the  strike.  The  strik- 
ers fortified  themselves  on  Bull  Hill,  where  a 
fight  ensued  between  them  and  the  deputies, 
but  without  serious  results.  Brig.  Gen. 
Brooks  and  Adjutant  Gen.  Tarsney  were  in- 
structed by  the  governor  to  call  out  sufficient 
troops  to  maintain  order.  Prior  to  this  time, 
there  had  been  a  skirmish  at  Wilbur,  and  dur- 
ing the  entire  strike  there  was  friction  be- 
tween the  deputies  and  the  strikers,  and 
also  between  the  latter  and  the  non-union 
men,  in  which  several  lost  their  lives,  and  a 
number  wounded.  Finally  an  agreement  was 
reached  in  which  the  mine  owners  were  to  re- 
tain the  peaceable  possession  of  their  prop- 
erty, the  deputies  were  to  be  withdrawn,  the 
troops  to  remain  temporarily,  and  those 
charged  with  murder  and  the  destruction  of 
property,  to  be  given  into  the  custody  of  the 
sheriff  of  El  Paso  county.  Adjutant  General 
Tarsney  who  was  employed  to  defend  the 
men  who  had  been  arrested,  was  kidnapped 
at  Colorado  Springs  and  given  rough  exper- 
ience with  tar  and  feathers,  but  finally  all  the 
matters  involved,  were  quieted. 

Gov.  Waite  also  further  involved  the  po- 
litical situation  by  an  extra  session  which  he 
called,  that  was  convened  on  January  10, 
1894.  The  governor  enumerated  thirty-two 
subjects  in  his  call.  He  urged  that  all  dollars 
equal  in  weight  and  fineness  to  the  standard 
dollar  of  the  U.  S.  should  be  made  a  legal 
tender  for  the.  payment  of  all  debts,  public 
and  private,  in  Colorado.  In  the  opinion 
of  the  governor,  if  the  Mexican  dollar  became 
a  legal  tender,  the  miners  could  dispose  of 
their  silver  bullion  in  Mexico,  and  after  its 
coinage  there,  it  could  be  returned  as  a  legal 
tender,  and  thus  bring  relief  from  the  de- 
pression caused  by  the  fall  in  the  price  of  sil- 
ver. The  legislature  refused  to  pass  any  such 
bill,  as  it  would  conflict  with  the  provisions 
of  the  federal  constitution.  The  state  senate  fol- 
lowed a  dilatory  and  obstructive  policy,  and 
but  few  laws  were  enacted.  Gov.  Waite  was 
the  first  to  occupy  the  handsome  new  capitol 
building,  taking  possession  in  October,  1894. 

In  the  campaign  that  followed  in  the  fall 
of  1894,  the  cry  went  up  "redeem  the  state." 
It  became  an  issue,  and  the  republicans  were 
so  insistent  on  this  phase  of  the  political  ques- 
tion, that  their  opponents  termed  them  "re- 
demptionists. ' '  The  republicans  carried  the 
state,  electing  Albert  W.  Mclntire  governor, 
he  receiving  93,502  votes,  as  against  74,894 
cast  for  Waite,  populist;  8,337  for  Charles  S. 
Thomas  democrat;  and,  4,250  for  George  Rich- 


—47— 


ardson,  prohibitionist.  In  the  first  congression- 
al district,  John  F.  Shafroth,  republican  was 
elected,  receiving  47,710,  as  against  34,223 
for  Lafe  Pence,  populist;  2,465  for  Robert 
H.  Rhodes,  prohibitionist,  and  1,847  for  John 
T.  Bottom,  democrat;  and  in  the  second  dis- 
trict, John  C.  Bell  with  a  vote  of  47,703,  was 
a  winner  against  former  U.  S.  Senator,  Thomas 
M.  Bowen,  republican,  who  polled  42,369 
votes;  W.  A.  Rice,  prohibitionist,  2,032;  and 
G.  O.  Pearce,  independent  labor,  157.  The 
large  increase  in  the  number  of  votes  was  the 
result  of  the  enfranchisement  of  the  women, 
three  of  whom  were  elected  to  the  legislature 
as  follows:  Mrs.  Clara  Cressingham,  Mrs. 
Frances  S.  Klock,  and  Mrs.  Carrie  C.  Holly. 
On  the  state  republican  ticket,  Mrs.  A.  J. 
Peavy  was  elected  superintendent  of  public 
instruction.  The  republicans  also  obtained 
control  of  the  legislature,  which  met  in  Jan- 
uary, 1895.  Edward  O.  Wolcott  was  re- 
elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  by  a  vote  of  57. 
The  populists  complimented  Lafe  Pence  with 
their  votes  for  U.  S.  Senator,  and  the  demo- 
crats supported  Charles  S.  Thomas. 

The  assassination  in  March,  1895,  of  four 
Italians  in  Huerfano  county,  was  the  first 
serious  matter  that  involved  complications  in 
Gov.  Mclntire's  administration.  The  affair 
was  the  outgrowth  of  the  murder  of  A.  J. 
Hixon,  an  American  by  some  Italians.  Of 
the  four  who  were  killed,  one  was  a  naturalized 
citizen,  and  congress  by  an  appropriation, 
indemnified  the  families  of  the  other  three. 
A  miner's  strike  at  Leadville,  in  June,  1896, 
was  accompanied  by  serious  disturbances.  It 
was  caused  by  a  demand  of  the  miners  for  an 
universal  wage  scale  of  $3  a  day  for  all  miners, 
trammers,  top  men,  and  laborers  engaged  in 
that  industry  in  Leadville.  All  receiving  less 
than  $3  a  day  were  called  out.  The  Coronado 
and  Emmet  Mines,  which  were  being  guarded, 
were  attacked  by  a  mob  that  used  dyna- 
mite bombs.  A  fight  ensued,  and  several 
lives  were  lost.  Governor  Mclntire  granted 
the  request  made  for  troops,  who  remained 
in  Leadville  for  nine  months,  but  the  number 
was  gradually  reduced,  a  few  of  the  national 
guard  still  remaining  at  the  expiration  of  his 
term  as  chief  executive.  Later  the  strike  was 
called  off. 

The  state  and  national  campaign  was 
hotly  contested  in  Colorado  in  1896.  Senator 
Teller  and  others  of  the  republican  leaders  in 
this  state,  refused  to  endorse  the  action  of 
the  national  republican  convention  in  St. 
Louis,  and  the  silver  republicans  formed 
a  party  organization  in  Colorado.  The 
democrats  and  silver  republicans  nomi- 
nated a  fusion  ticket,  which  was  elected  with 
Alva  Adams  for  governor.  The  national 
free  silver  party  and  one  wing  of  the 


populists,  placed  Morton  S.  Bailey  at  the  head 
of  their  ticket  for  governor,  and  the  straight 
or  administration  (national)  republicans  made 
Judge  George  W.  Allen,  their  nominee,  and 
the  middle-of-the-road  populists,  Davis  H. 
Waite.  There  were  three  other  tickets  that 
received  a  scattering  vote.  Alva  Adams  was 
elected  governor,  receiving  86,881,  as  against 
71,808  for  Bailey,  23,845  for  Allen,  and  3,421 
for  Waite.  There  were  six  presidential  tick- 
ets, the  Bryan  electors  receiving  158,880; 
the  McKinley,  26,279;  the  others,  scattering. 
The  legislature  which  met  in  January,  was 
composed  of  34  populists,  25  democrats,  16 
republicans,  10  free  silver  republicans,  12 
national  free  silver  party,  and  socialist,  inde- 
pendent, and  single  taxer,  1  each.  At  this 
election,  John  F.  Shafroth,  silver  republican, 
carried  the  first  congressional  district,  with 
a  vote  of  67,821,  defeating  Thomas  E.  Mc- 
Clelland, republican,  who  received  9,625,  and 
W. F. Steele,prohibitionist,  1,006.  Inthesecond 
district,  John  C.  Bell,  fusionist,  was  elected 
to  congress,  receiving  84,018  as  against 
14,385  for  J.  R.  Hoffmire,  republican. 

On  January  19,  1897,  Henry  M.  Teller, 
representing  the  silver  interests,  was  returned 
to  the  U.  S.  Senate  by  a  vote  of  92,  to  6  being 
cast  for  George  W.  Allen,  republican.  At 
this  session  of  the  legislature,  capital  punish- 
ment was  abolished,  and  a  life  sentence  in  the 
penitentiary  was  substituted  for  murder  in 
the  first  degree. 

Colorado  responded  patriotically  to  the 
call  for  troops  in  the  Spanish-American  war, 
in  April,  1898,  and  Gov.  Adams  could  easily 
have  furnished  many  more  than  the  quota 
allotted  to  this  state.  The  First  Colorado 
Volunteer  Infantry  was  officered  as  follows: 
Colonel,  Irving  Hale;  Lieutenant  Colonel, 
Henry  B.  McCoy;  Majors,  Casius  M.  Moses, 
Charles  H.  Anderson.  The  regiment  made  a 
gallant  record  in  the  Philippines,  where,  on 
the  promotion  of  Col.  Hale  to  brigadier 
general,  Lt.  Col.  McCoy  succeeded  him  in 
the  command  of  the  1st  Colorado.  The  state 
also  furnished  two  troops  of  cavalry,  one 
battery  of  light  artillery,  and  one  company  of 
engineers.  Colorado  was  also  worthily  repre- 
sented at  the  Trans-Mississippi  Exposition 
held  at  Omaha,  in  1898. 

The  state  campaign  of  1898,  opened  with 
stormy  scenes  at  Colorado  Springs  at  fusion 
conventions  of  democrats,  populists,  and  free 
silver  republicans.  One  faction  of  the  lat- 
ter was  opposed  to  fusion,  and  in  the  dispute 
as  to  who  were  entitled  to  the  possession  of 
the  opera  house,  a  riot  occurred.  A  number 
of  shots  were  fired,  one  man  killed  and  one 
wounded.  The  campaign  was  a  spirited  one, 
in  which  Charles  S.  Thomas,  democrat  and 
fusion,  was  elected  governor,  receiving  93,772, 


-48— 


as  against  51,051  for  Henry  R.  Wolcott,  re- 
publican, and  other  tickets,  a  scattering 
vote.  In  the  first  district,  John  F.  Shafroth, 
silver  republican,  was  elected  with  a  vote  of 
43,111  as  against  18,850,  for  Charles  Hartzell, 
republican.  John  C.  Bell,  in  the  second  con- 
gressional district,  defeated  B.  C.  Wheeler, 
republican,  by  a  vote  of  52,728  to  27,335. 

The  question  uppermost  during  the  ad- 
ministration of  Gov.  Thomas,  was  that  of  the 
state  revenues,  and  in  his  inaugural  address 
he  emphasized  this  important  feature.  Al- 
though the  state  had  been  increasing  in 
wealth  and  population,  the  assessed  valuation 
had  shown  a  decrease.  While  the  efforts  of 
Gov.  Thomas  were  not  fully  realized,  the  agi- 
tation bore  good  fruit  in  laws  afterwards  pass- 
ed at  other  sessions,  which  increased  the  reve- 
nues and  placed  the  state  in  a  better  con- 
dition to  support  the  educational  and  other 
institutions. 

In  1899,  Victor,  Colorado,  was  swept  by 
a  fire,  that  inflicted  a  loss  of  about  $2,000,000. 

In  1900,  James  B.  Orman  was  elected 
governor,  the  vote  for  that  office  being  as 
follows:  Orman,  fusion  democrat,  populist, 
and  free  silver  republican,  118,641;  Frank 
C.  Goudy,  republican,  94,047;  J.  R.  Wylie, 
prohibitionist,  3,695;  S.  B.  Hutchinson,  social 
democrat,  843;  and  D.  C.  Copley,  social 
labor,  987.  The  Bryan  presidential  electors 
carried  the  state  by  a  large  majority.  With 
the  exception  of  some  labor  troubles  at  Tellu- 
uride  in  1901,  Governor  Orman's  term  was  a 
quiet  administration.  In  the  election 
of  1900,  both  the  Colorado  congressmen 
were  re-elected,  the  vote  being  as  follows: 
first  district,  John  F.  Shafroth,  silver  repub- 
lican, 54,591,  and  Robert  W.  Bonynge,  re- 
publican, 41,518;  second  district,  John  C. 
Bell,  65,421;  Herschel  M.  Hogg,  republican, 
51,293.  There  was  only  a  sprinkling  of  re- 
publicans in  the  legislature  which  was  con- 
vened in  January,  1901,  and  Thomas  M.  Pat- 
terson was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate  to  suc- 
ceed Edward  O.  Wolcott.  A  normal  school 
was  established  at  Gunnison,  and  an  addi- 
tional appropriation  was  made  for  the  World's 
Fair  at  St.  Louis,  at  which  Colorado  made  a 
most  worthy  exhibit. 

In  1902,  the  republicans  swept  the  state 
with  good  pluralities,  electing  James  H. 
Peabody,  governor,  at  which  the  following 
vote  was  cast:  Peabody,  republican,  87,648; 
Stimson,  democrat,  80,727;  Provost,  social- 
ist, 7,177;  Owers,  populist,  6,403;  Reinhardt, 
prohibitionist,  3,910;  and  Knight,  social 
labor,  919.  The  census  of  1900,  gave  Colo- 
rado an  additional  congressman,  and  in  the 
election  of  1902,  three  were  chosen,  the  vote 
being  as  follows:  congressman  at  large: 
Franklin  E.  Brooks,  republican,  85,207;  Alva 


Adams,  democrat,  84,368;  Mrs.  Ida  G.  Haz- 
lett,  socialist,  7,431;  R.  H.  Northcott.  popu- 
list, 2,838;  Milo  Stark,  prohibitionist,' 3,845; 
Robert  E.  Fitzpatrick,  social  labor,  1,349; 
first  district,  John  F.  Shafroth,  silver  repub- 
lican, 41,440,  and  Robert  W.  Bonynge,  re- 
publican, 38,648;  second  district,  Herschel 
M.  Hogg,  republican,  47,546;  John  C.  Bell, 
democrat,  45,234;  W.  F.  Farrar,  socialist, 
4,826;  and  J.  B.  Lister,  prohibitionist,  2,014. 
The  result  gave  Colorado  two  republican  con- 
gressmen, Franklin  E.  Brooks  and  Herschel 
M.  Hogg,  and  one  silver  republican,  John  F. 
Shafroth.  The  latter's  seat  was  successfully 
contested  by  Robert  W.  Bonynge,  because  of 
election  frauds  in  Denver,  and  Mr.  Bonynge 
was  sworn  in  as  a  member  of  congress,  Feb. 
16,  1904,  for  the  unexpired  term. 

The  contest  for  U.  S.  Senator,  at  the  ses- 
sion of  the  legislature  in  1903,  was  one  of  the 
most  spirited  in  the  history  of  the  state. 
After  a  protracted  struggle,  Henry  M.  Teller 
was  re-elected. 

A  strike  by  the  mill  and  smeltermen  in 
February,  1903,  at  Colorado  City  precipi- 
tated a  series  of  labor  troubles,  which  led  up  to 
the  great  strike  of  the  miners  in  the  Cripple 
Creek  district,  that  continued  until  December, 
1904,  when  quiet  and  peace  were  restored. 
Four  reduction  plants,  the  Colorado,  Stand- 
ard, Portland,  and  Telluride,  established  at 
Colorado  City,  were  involved  at  the  incip- 
iency  of  the  contest,  but  as  the  Colorado  had 
shut  down  about  February  1,  for  the  want  of 
ore,  it  did  not  figure  prominently,  as  one  of 
the  issues.  The  Standard  was  the  focus 
around  which  the  troubles  centered,  and  was 
the  first  source  of  the  contention,  but  later 
the  others  were  drawn  into  the  struggle. 
Wages  and  recognition  of  the  union  were  the 
points  involved,  and  in  this  contest  the  strik- 
ers were  supported  in  their  demands,  by  the 
Western  Federation  of  Miners.  The  Standard 
refusing  to  comply  with  the  demands  made, 
the  men  struck.  About  two  weeks  later,  the 
same  issue  was  presented  to  the  Portland  and 
Telluride,  with  a  similar  result,  and  the  men 
were  called  out.  In  the  meantime,  guards 
had  been  stationed  to  protect  the  property, 
and  troubles  arising,  Gov.  Peabody  dispatched 
troops  to  Colorado  City  to  assist  the  sheriff, 
after  an  appeal  had  been  made  to  him  for 
that  purpose.  The  Portland  and  Telluride 
mills  finally  came  to  an  agreement  with  their 
employees  in  March,  and  the  strike  was  called 
off  as  to  those  plants,  but  was  continued  at 
the  Standard.  The  Western  Federation 
of  Miners  on  March  16,  made  a  demand  on 
the  mine  owners  of  the  Cripple  Creek  dis- 
trict, to  refrain  from  shipping  ores  to  the 
plants  (Standard)  of  the  Colorado  Reduction 
and  Refining  Company  at  Colorado  City. 


No  action  being  taken  by  the  mine  owners,  a 
strike  was  ordered  March  17,  on  those  mines 
that  shipped  ores  to  the  mill  at  Colorado 
City. 

Gov.  Peabody  appointed  a  special  ad- 
visory board  to  investigate  the  matters  at 
issue,  and  after  a  number  of  consultations,  an 
agreement  was  made  between  the  Standard 
and  mill  men,  that  seemed  satisfactory,  but 
peace  was  only  temporarily  restored.  The 
strikers  soon  claimed  that  discrimination  was 
used  against  them  in  re-employment  at  the 
Standard.  The  dispute  seems  to  have  arisen 
as  to  the  interpretation  the  opposing  elements 
gave  to  the  construction  of  the  agreement. 
The  mill  insisted  on  the  word  "employment" 
as  the  essence  of  the  understanding,  when  men 
could  be  added  to  the  force,  but  the  union 
declared  that  " reinstatement"  of  workmen 
in  their  old  places  was  the  correct  interpre- 
tation. This  led  to  further  complications, 
and  on  July  3,  a  second  strike  was  declared 
against  the  Colorado  Reduction  and  Refining 
Company  at  Colorado  City.  On  August  8, 
a  second  strike  was  ordered  in  the  mines,  all 
being  called  out  this  time,  except  some  in 
minor  properties  whose  ores  were  reduced  in 
that  district.  This  was  a  much  broader  strike 
than  the  first,  which  only  involved  those 
mines  that  were  shipping  to  the  plants  in- 
volved in  the  strike  at  Colorado  City.  This 
second  strike  order  affected  about  3,500 
miners  employed  in  about  fifty  mines. 

During  the  greater  part  of  the  first  month? 
rather  a  peaceful  attitude  was  maintained, 
but  as  the  strike  continued,  the  merchants 
refused  credit  to  the  strikers,  and  matters  be- 
gan to  assume  an  irritated  condition.  The 
mine  owners  complained  of  the  unfairness  of 
involving  the  entire  district  in  the  contro- 
versy, and  especially  as  the  men  had  no 
grievance  against  them  in  that  section. 
When  the  mine  owners  began  to  attempt,  in  a 
gradual  way,  to  resume  work,  trouble  ensued, 
and  conditions  assumed  a  threatening  atti- 
tude. On  request  being  made  to  Gov.  Pea- 
body  for  troops,  he  sent  a  committee  to  in- 
vestigate the  condition  of  affairs  in  the  af- 
fected district,  and  on  their  recommendation, 
several  hundred  of  the  national  guard  were 
hastened  to  Cripple  Creek,  on  Sep.  4,  1903. 
It  was  a  long  drawn  out  struggle,  in  which 
many  lives  were  lost,  deeds  of  violence  com- 
mitted, and  many  outrages  perpetrated,  each 
side  blaming  the  other  for  these  atrocities. 
On  Sep.  10,  the  military,  which  was  under 
the  command  of  Brig.  Gen.  John  Chase  and 
Adjt.  Gen.  Sherman  Bell,  began  to  make  ar- 
rests. The  attempt  to  wreck  a  train,  although 
futile,  and  the  explosion  in  the  Vindicator 
shaft  in  which  two  lives  were  lost,  increased 
the  tension  and  embittered  the  struggle.  The 


horror  of  the  strike  and  war,  culminated  on 
June  6, 1904,  when  the  Independence  depot  was 
blown  up,  and  thirteen  out  of  twenty-seven 
miners  were  killed,  and  others  seriously  in- 
jured. It  was  about  2  o'clock  in  the  morning, 
and  the  night  shifts  were  changing.  A  crowd 
of  miners  from  the  Findley,  which  was  now 
working,  had  hastened  to  the  depot  to  catch 
the  2:  15  train,  and  while  waiting,  the  ex- 
plosion occurred.  A  wire  was  found,  which 
is  supposed  to  have  been  the  one  used  by  the 
perpetrators  of  this  deed.  This  tragedy 
aroused  the  whole  district,  precipitating  riots 
at  Victor.  Crowds  collected  and  destroyed 
property  of  the  Western  Federation  of  Min- 
ers. Martial  law  was  now  enforced  with 
vigor.  Some  county  and  city  officials,  sup- 
posed to  be  in  sympathy  with  the  strikers, 
were  compelled  to  resign.  More  arrests  were 
made,  and  the  "bull  pen"  was  crowded.  A 
system  of  deportation  under  military  au- 
thority was  enforced.  Those  who  were  con- 
sidered to  be  the  leaders  and  especially  sup- 
posed to  be  the  more  prominent  in  stirring 
up  strife,  were  sent  to  the  borders  of  the  state 
and  given  orders  not  to  return.  The  mine 
owners  organized  and  gradually  resumed 
work  on  their  properties,  but  it  was  several 
months  before  peace  was  fully  restored.  The 
strikers  were  blamed  for  these  outrages,  and 
they  on  the  other  hand  charged,  that  these 
atrocities  were  committed  by  their  enemies 
for  the  purpose  of  injuring  their  cause  and 
that  of  organized  labor. 

In  the  campaign  of  1904,  the  Cripple 
Creek  strike  and  war  was  the  key  note.  It 
was  one  of  the  bitterest  and  most  heated 
political  contests  in  the  history  of  Colorado. 
The  republicans  re-nominated  James  H. 
Peabody  for  governor.  He  was  opposed  by 
Alva  Adams,  and  the  latter,  on  the  face  of 
the  returns  was  elected  by  several  thousand 
votes,  but  otherwise,  the  republicans  carried 
the  state.  The  three  republican  congressmen 
were  also  re-elected  by  the  following  vote: 
congressman  at  large,  Franklin  E.  Brooks, 
republican,  121,236,  and  John  F.  Shafroth, 
democrat,  112,383;  first  district,  Robert 
W.  Bonynge,  republican,  55,940,  and  Clay 
B.  Whitford,  democrat,  50,022;  second  dis- 
trict, Herschel  M.  ,Hogg,  republican,  68,101, 
and  J.  C.  Maupin,  democrat,  58,554. 

Alva  Adams  for  the  third  time  became  the 
chief  executive  of  the  state,  but  on  Jan.  6, 
1905,  Gov.  Peabody  filed  his  protest  in  the 
legislature,  against  the  canvassing  of  the 
so-called  election  returns  from  the  City  and 
County  of  Denver,  citing  the  suit  then  pend- 
ing before  the  Supreme  Court  in  which  the 
State  was  plaintiff,  and  in  which  twenty-nine 
persons  had  already  been  fined  or  imprisoned 
for  violating  the  court's  injunction.  The 


—50— 


Supreme  Court,  prior  to  the  election  had  is- 
sued such  restraining  orders  as  were  deemed 
necessary  to  guard  against  fraud  and  insure 
an  honest  election.  It  was  during  this  per- 
iod in  the  state's  history  that  the  "Big  Mitt," 
so  called  was  alleged  to  have  been  fraudu- 
lently, rolling  up  the  big  democratic  majori- 
ties in  Denver.  On  the  other  hand,  the  dem- 
ocrats were  alleging  that  the  republicans  were 
committing  election  frauds  in  Huerfano 
county  and  other  parts  of  the  state. 

Gov.  Adams  delivered  his  third  inaugural 
address  as  the  governor  of  the  state,  and  a 
committee  of  the  legislature  began  an  in- 
vestigation of  the  alleged  frauds.  The  docu- 
ments and  testimony  fill  several  large  volumes. 
The  contest  was  prolonged  and  bitterly  fought 
in  the  legislature,  which  had  a  large  repub- 
lican majority.  On  March  16,  1905,  at  5 
p.  m.  the  legislature,  by  a  vote  of  55  to  41,  de- 
clared that  Peabody  was  entitled  to  the  gov- 
ernor's seat.  Gov.  Peabody,  on  March  17, 
1905,  at  4:  25  p.  m.  filed  with  the  secretary 
of  state  his  resignation  as  governor.  Lieu- 
tenant Governor  Jesse  F.  McDonald,  next  in 
succession  to  that  office,  on  March  17,  1905, 
at  4:30  p.  m.  filed  with  the  secretary  of 
state,  his  oath  as  governor  of  Colorado. 

Thus  within  one  day,  Colorado  had  three 
governors,  Adams,  Peabody,  and  McDonald. 
The  quiet  administration  of  the  latter,  came 
as  a  relief  from  the  excitement  and  turmoil  of 
the  great  strike,  the  excited  political  con- 
dition during  the  campaign,  and  the  guber- 
natorial contest  that  followed. 

In  1906,  Henry  A.  Buchtel,  republican, 
chancellor  of  the  University  of  Denver,  was 
elected  governor,  receiving  92,602  votes,  as 
against  74,416  for  Alva  Adams,  democrat, 
the  remainder  of  the  gubernatorial  vote  being 
scattered  as  follows:  Ben  B.  Lindsey,  18,014. 
William  D.  Hay  wood,  16,105;  and  F.  C; 
Chamberlain,  2,087.  The  republicans  elected 
the  three  congressmen  by  the  following  vote: 
congressman  at  large,  George  W.  Cook,  re- 
publican, 102,426;  Samuel  W.  Belford,  dem- 
ocrat, 76,792;  first  district,  Robert  W.  Bon- 
ynge,  republican,  47,549;  C.  F.  Teu,  demo- 
crat, 31,133;  Luella  Twining,  socialist,  4,989; 
other  votes  scattering;  second  district,  War- 
ren A.  Haggott,  republican,  54,869,  and  W. 
W.  Rowan,  democrat,  46,783.  The  legisla- 
ture which  was  convened  in  January,  1907, 
also  had  a  republican  majority,  and  Simon 
Guggenheim  was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate, 
to  succeed  Thomas  M.  Patterson.  Two  of 
the  important  measures  passed  at  this  session 
were  the  pure  food  and  the  local  option  laws. 

John  F.  Shafroth,  democrat,  was  elected 
governor  in  1908,  receiving  130,139  votes,  as 
against  117,370  for  Jesse  F.  McDonald,  re- 
publican, 7,972  for  H.  C.  Darrah,  and  6,316 


for  Harry  L.  Murray.  Three  democratic 
congressmen  were  elected:  at  large,  Edward 
T.  Taylor,  democrat,  126,934;  James  C. 
Burger,  republican,  121,265;  first  district, 
Atterson  W.  Rucker,  democrat,  60,643,  and 
Robert  W.  Bonynge,  republican,  57,597;  sec- 
ond district,  John  A.  Martin,  democrat, 
66,900,  and  Warren  A.  Haggott,  republican, 
64,400.  On  Jan.  20,  1909,  the  legislature, 
which  was  democratic,  elected  Charles  J. 
Hughes,  Jr.,  to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  to  succeed 
Henry  M.  Teller.  A  considerable  part  of 
the  session  was  occupied  in  discussing  new 
or  reform  measures  now  agitating  the  public. 
Not  satisfied  with  the  work  of  the  legislature, 
as  to  the  "platform  pledges"  of  the  demo- 
cratic party,  Gov.  Shafroth,  later  called  an 
extra  session,  mainly  devoted  to  those  ques- 
tions. A  constitutional  amendment  pro- 
viding for  the  initiative  and  referendum,  was 
referred  to  the  people,  and  adopted  at  the  en- 
suing election.  A  direct  primary  law  was 
also  passed,  relating  to  the  nomination  of 
candidates. 

In  1910,  Gov.  Shafroth  was  re-elected,  re- 
ceiving 114,627  votes  as  against  97,648  for 
John  B.  Stephen,  republican;  7,844  for  Henry 
W.  Pinkham,  3,751  for  P.  A.  Rice,  and  735  for 
George  Anderson.  The  democrats  only  elect- 
ed part  of  their  ticket,  but  carried  the  state 
for  all  three  of  their  congressmen  who  were 
re-elected;  Atterson  W.  Rucker,  democrat 
from  the  first  district;  ,John  A.  Martin  from 
the  second  district,  and  Edward  T.  Taylor, 
democrat,  at  large;  the  latter  receiving  105, 
700  votes,  as  against  101,722  for  I.  N.  Stevens, 
republican;  8,620  for  W.  C.  Bentley,  social- 
ist; and  4,689  for  Alexander  Craise,  pro- 
hibitionist. 

The  death  of  Charles  J.  Hughes,  Jr.,  during 
the  session  of  the  legislature,  left  a  vacancy 
to  be  filled  in  the  U.  S.  Senate.  The  legisla- 
ture, which  had  a  democratic  majority,  failed 
to  elect  a  successor,  owing  to  the  long  and 
heated  contest  among  the  several  candidates. 

The  United  States  census  gives  the  popu- 
lation of  Colorado  during  the  several  decades 
of  its  history  as  follows  : 

1860   34,277 

1870   39,864 

1880   194,327 

1890       413,249 

1900   539,700 

1910   799,024 

At  the  last  (1911)  session  of  the  legisla- 
ture, an  act  was  passed,  providing  for  a 
state  flag  for  Colorado,  described  as  follows : 

The  state  flag  "shall  consist  of  three 
alternate  stripes  to  be  of  equal  width  and 
at  right  angles  to  the  staff,  the  white  stripes 
being  the  middle  one,  the  proportion  of  the 
flag  being  a  width  of  two-thirds  of  its  length. 


—51- 


At  a  distance  from  the  staff  end  of  the  flag 
of  one  thirty-sixth  of  the  total  length  of  the 
flag,  there  shall  be  a  circular  red  C  of  the 
same  color  as  the  red  in  the  national  flag 
of  the  United  States.  The  diameter  of  the 
letter  one-sixth  of  the  width  of  the  flag. 
The  inner  line  of  the  opening  of  the  letter 
C  shall  be  three-fourths  of  the  width  of  its 
body  or  bar,  and  the  outer  line  of  the  open- 
ing shall  be  double  the  length  of  the  inner 
line  thereof.  Completely  filling  the  open 
space  inside  the  letter  C,  shall  be  a  golden 
disk;  attached  to  the  flag  shall  be  a  cord  of 
gold  and  silver  intertwined  with  tassels,  one 
of  gold  and  one  of  silver.  All  penalties  pro- 
vided by  the  laws  of  this  state  for  the  mis- 
use of  the  national  flag,  shall  be  applicable 
to  the  said  state  flag." 

The  act  seems  to  be  defective  in  omitting 


the  color  or  colors  of  the  stripes,  only  the 
"white"  ones  being  specified.  It  is  supposed 
that  "blue"  or  some  other  color  was  in- 
tended to  have  been  incorporated  in  the  bill, 
but  it  was  passed  without  any  such  speci- 
fication. This  statute  providing  for  a  state 
flag,  was  Senate  Bill  No.  118,  introduced  by 
Senator  Sharpley.  In  the  original  printed 
bill,  it  read  as  follows  as  to  the  stripes: 
"said  flag  shall  consist  of  three  alternate 
stripes  of  Yale  blue  and  white  bunting,  silk, 
or  other  appropriate  material,  said  stripes 
to  be  of  equal  width,  and  parallel  with  the 
staff,  the  white  stripe  being  the  middle  one," 
etc.  The  bill  was  amended  in  several  par- 
ticulars, and  as  finally  passed,  no  blue  or 
any  other  color  but  red  and  gold  in  the  C 
was  included,  and  serious  doubt  is  now  en- 
tertained as  to  the  legality  of  the  act  pro- 
viding for  a  state  flag. 


—52— 


BIOGRAPHIES 


—53— 


ROBERT  W.  STEELE 


—54— 


ROBERT  W.  STEELE 


STEELE,  ROBERT  AY.,  Provisional  Gov- 
ernor of  Jefferson  Territory  (Colorado), 
was  born  near  Chillicothe,  Ross  county,  Ohio, 
January  14,  1820,  and  died  at  Colorado 
Springs,  Colorado,  in  1901.  He  spent  his 
youth  on  a  farm,  and  in  the  fall  of  1846,  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  in  Fairfield,  Iowa.  Lat- 
er, he  attended  the  Law  School  of  Cincin- 
nati, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1852, 
and  then  settled  at  Indianola,  "Warren  coun- 
ty, Iowa.  Removing  to  Omaha,  Nebraska, 
in  1855,  he  there  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business,  and  was  a  member  of  the  legisla- 
ture of  that  territory,  during  the  session  of 
1858-9.  Attracted  by  the  gold  discoveries  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  he  started  for  Colora- 
do, March  25,  1859,  arriving  in  Denver  the 
following  May,  and  in  June  that  year,  lo- 
cated in  Central  City.  The  Gregory,  the 
first  gold  lode  discovered  in  the  territory, 
was  being  opened  up,  and  with  other  devel- 
opments, this  locality  had  become  the  center 
of  the  mining  region.  Mr.  Steele  first  gave 
his  attention  to  mining,  and  for  a  time  was 
president  of  the  Consolidated  Ditch  Com- 
pany. 

On  October  1,  1859,  a  convention  was 
called  to  organize  a  provisional  government, 
which  was  known  as  Jefferson  territory.  A 
full  list  of  territorial  officers  were  nomin- 
ated, including  Robert  AY.  Steele  for  gov- 
ernor. He  defeated  his  opponent,  St.  Mat- 
thew, by  a  good  majority.  The  legislature 
convened  in  December,  1859,  when  Steele 
took  his  seat  as  governor.  He  delivered  his 
message  to  the  legislature  of  Jefferson  terri- 
tory, making  the  recommendations  he 
thought  necessary  for  maintaining  a  govern- 
ment at  that  time,  when  the  mountains  were 
filled  with  a  large  and  transient  population, 
who  had  followed  the  rush  to  Pike's  Peak. 
This  legislature  enacted  laws,  which  were 
published  and  known  as  the  "Laws  of  Jef- 


ferson Territory,"  a  rare  volume,  and  one 
unique  in  American  history.  Later,  Jeffer- 
son" territory  was  incorporated  and  included 
in  the  newly  organized  territory  of  Colorado, 
and  in  June,  1861,  Governor  Steele  turned 
over  to  Governor  Gilpin,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed to  that  office,  all  executive  authority. 
It  has  been  claimed  that  a  committee  of  re- 
publicans waited  upon  Governor  Steele,  re- 
questing him  to  take  an  appointment  under 
President  Lincoln,  as  governor  of  Colorado 
territory,  but  he  refused  to  consider  the  mat- 
ter, as  he  was  a  democrat  and  remained  true 
to  the  principles  of  that  party.  Governor 
Steele  brought  out  his  family  from  Omaha 
in  the  spring  of  1860,  and  settling  in  Golden, 
made  that  place  his  residence,  until  he  re- 
moved to  Empire  in  1862.  Going  into  the 
Argentine  district,  in  1864,  he  was  one  of  a 
party  who  discovered  the  Belmont  silver 
mine,  the  first  paying  silver  lode  fqund  in 
Colorado,  creating  quite  an  excitement  at 
that  time.  It  was  so  named  for  August  Bel- 
mont of  New  York  and  sold  for  $100,000, 
changing  ownership  several  times,  and  later 
was  known  as  the  Johnson  mine. 

Governor  Steele  returned  with  his  family 
to  Iowa  in  October,  1865,  to  educate  his  chil- 
dren, and  after  spending  some  time  in  New 
York  City,  returned  to  Colorado  in  1867, 
locating  in  Georgetown,  where  he  was  after- 
ward joined  by  his  family.  In  later  years  he 
made  his  residence  in  Colorado  Springs, 
where  he  died  in  1901. 

He  married  Miss  Susan  Nevin,  September 
6,  1848,  in  Hillsboro,  Ohio.  They  had  the 
following  children :  Mrs.  J.  C.  Parsons,  Har- 
risonville,  Mo.;  Miss  Mary  E.  Steele,  Kan- 
sas City,  Mo.  Hugh  Steele,  his  son,  now 
(1911)  secretary  of  the  Colorado  Pioneers 
Society,  and  Charles  W.  Steele,  deceased 
1894.  ' 


—55— 


WILLIAM  GILPIN 


ILPIN,  WILLIAM,  Governor  of  Colora- 
do  territory  (1861-62),  soldier,  explor- 
er and  author,  born  on  the  battlefield  of 
Brandywine,  October  22,  1822,  died  January 
20,  1894,  was  the  son  of  Joshua  and  Mary 
(Dilworth)  Gilpin.  He  traced  his  descent 
to  Richard  de  Guylpyn,  in  the  time  of  King 
John,  and  down  through  a  line  of  hardy  an- 
cestors, eminent  as  soldiers,  statesmen  and 


Brandywine,  becoming  the  progenitor  of  the 
Gilpin  family  in  this  country,  who  were  pa- 
triots in  the  American  revolution.  It  was 
on  this  old  homestead,  historic  from  the 
days  of  the  revolution,  that  the  future  gov- 
ernor of  Colorado  was  born,  and  from  amid 
such  scenes  he  was  imbued  with  those  lofty 
and  patriotic  sentiments  that  were  charac- 
teristic of  his  life.  At  the  age  of  ten,  he  was 


WILLIAM  GILPIN 


divines,  including  Bernard  Gilpin,  the 
"Apostle  of  the  North,"  and  to  Thomas  Gil- 
pin,  a  soldier  under  Cromwell  in  the  historic 
"Ironsides"  regiment,  one  of  the  provost 
guard  at  the  execution  of  Charles  I.  His 
son,  Joseph  Gilpin,  also  a  soldier  under 
Cromwell,  after  the  restoration  of  Charles 
II.,  and  having  also  become  a  member  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  emigrated  to  the  new 
world,  taking  up  a  large  tract  of  land  on  the 


sent  to  England,  where  he  attended  school 
two  years.  Returning  to  this  country,  he  en- 
tered the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  of 
which  his  grandfather  was  one  of  the  foun- 
ders. After  graduating  from  this  institution, 
he  was  appointed  a  cadet  to  West  Point  by 
President  Jackson,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated in  1836.  He  was  then  appointed  a 
lieutenant  in  the  Second  Dragoons,  and  soon 
after  served  under  General  Jessup  in  the 


—56— 


Florida  war  against  the  Seminoles.  Resign- 
ing from  the  army,  his  request  being  denied 
to  be  sent  to  the  Pacific  coast,  he  settled  in 
St.  Louis  in  1839,  where  he  became  the  edi- 
tor of  the  Missouri  Argus.  In  1841,  he  lo- 
cated in  Independence,  Missouri,  where  he 
engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  and  was 
also  elected  secretary  of  the  general  assem- 
bly of  that  state.  While  at  "West  Point,  he 
had  also  studied  law,  being  registered  as  a 
student  with  his  brother,  Henry  D.  Gilpin, 
who  was  later  attorney  general  in  1840,  in 
President  Van  Buren's  cabinet.  Although 
successful  in  the  practice  of  law  at  Indepen- 
dence, yet  at  heart,  Gilpin  was  an  explorer, 
and  his  ambition  not  being  gratified  in  this 
respect,  while  in  the  army,  which  caused  his 
resignation,  he  again  was  imbued  with  de- 
sire to  traverse  the  unknown  wilds  of  the 
west.  Retiring  from  the  law  in  1843,  he 
started  out  to  explore  the  northwest,  but 
soon  joined  Fremont,  then  on  his  second  ex- 
pedition, and  visited  Fort  St.  Vrain  that 
summer,  while  enroute  to  the  Pacific.  He 
assisted  in  the  organization  of  the  provis- 
ional government  in  Oregon,  and  was  com- 
missioned to  carry  the  articles  of  agreement 
relating  thereto  to  Washington.  Notwith- 
standing the  attempt  at  the  national  capitol 
to  belittle  his  mission,  and  where  he  was  des- 
ignated as  the  "Squatter  Delegate  from  the 
Pacific  Coast,"  he  at  least  succeeded  in  ad- 
vertising the  resources  and  made  public  the 
wants  and  needs  of  the  great  northwest.  Gil- 
pin  was  accustomed  to  designate  those  op- 
posing his  mission  as  the  "Salt  Water  Des- 
pots," while  on  the  other  hand,  Calhoun 
referred  to  him  as  "A  young  man  who  de- 
sired to  trade  off  his  lieutenant's  uniform  for 
senatorial  robes." 

In  the  Mexican  war,  Gilpin  was  a  major 
in  Colonel  Doniphan's  famous  regiment  of 
Missourians,  with  which  he  rendered  distin- 
guished services.  In  1847,  he  was  sent  with 
1,200  men  against  Indian  tribes  in  the  west 
and  southwest,  conducting  a  part  of  his  cam- 
paign in  Colorado.  His  command  suffered 
and  endured  great  hardships,  but  he  was 
successful  in  his  operations  against  these 
Indians.  From  1848,  until  1861,  he  resided 
at  Independence,  practicing  law,  and  also 
by  lectures  and  writings,  was  awakening  a 
deep  interest  throughout  the  country  con- 
cerning the  west  snd  its  future  greatness 
Even  then  and  in  later  years,  Gilpin  was 
often  characterized  as  a  "dreamer,"  but 
more  than  he  even  predicted  has  come  to 
pass  in  the  empire  building  that  has  moved 
onward  with  gigantic  strides  on  the  Ameri- 
can frontier. 


When  Gilpin  was  appointed  governor  of 
the  territory  of  Colorado,  in  1861,  by  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  the  nation  was  engulfed  in  the 
great  struggle  of  the  civil  war.  Both  from  a 
civil  and  military  standpoint,  his  appoint- 
ment was  most  fortunate.  He  had  been  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  organization  of  the 
provisional  government  in  Oregon,  and, 
when  he  was  appointed  governor  of  this  new 
territory,  he  succeeded  Governor  Steele,  who 
had  been  governor  of  the  provisional  govern- 
ment of  Jefferson  territory,  the  older  name, 
but  a  little  more  comprehensive  as  to  area, 
for  what  is  now  Colorado.  He  fully  under- 
stood the  underlying  causes  that  lead  people 
on  the  frontier  to  organize  such  forms  of 
government,  and  was  in  full  sympathy  with 
all  efforts  to  develop  this  new  region.  As  a 
soldier  he  began  to  raise  and  equip  troops 
for  the  Union  army.  Although  prompted  by 
sincere  and  patriotic  motives,  it  was  claimed 
at  Washington  that  he  exceeded  his  author- 
ity by  incurring  heavy  expenses  in  the  equip- 
ment of  these  troops,  which  resulted  in  his 
resignation  as  governor,  and  the  appoint- 
ment of  Dr.  John  Evans  as  his  successor. 
Governor  Gilpin  was  a  scholarly,  polite  and 
courteous  gentleman  of  the  "old  school," 
and  in  every  sense  was  one  of  the  distin- 
guished empire  builders  of  the  west.  He 
owned  extensive  land  and  mining  interests, 
more  especially  in  the  Gilpin  land  grant  in 
Colorado.  The  last  years  of  his  life  were 
spent  by  him  in  this  state,  highly  honored 
and  esteemed  by  all.  He  retired  for  the 
night,  January  19,  1894,  and  next  morning 
(20th)  was  found  dead  in  his  bed,  and  is  sup- 
posed to  have  died  of  heart  failure.  In  1874, 
he  married  Mrs.  Julia  Pratte  Dickerson,  of  a 
very  prominent  southern  family.  Of  her  first 
marriage  (to  Captain  John  Dickerson,  U.  S. 
A.)  there  were  born  the  following  children: 
Louise,  Sidney  and  Elizabeth,  the  latter  the 
wife  of  Otis  B.  Spencer  of  Denver.  Later 
to  Governor  and  Mrs.  Gilpin,  there  were  born 
the  following  children:  William  (deceased) 
and  Polly  (twins),  and  Louis. 

Governor  Gilpin  is  the  author  of  the  fol- 
lowing books:  The  Central  Gold  Region 
(1860);  Notes  on  Colorado  (1870;  Mission 
of  the  North  American  People  (1874)  and, 
the  Cosmopolitan  Railway,  and  Fusing  To- 
gether All  the  World's  Continents (  1891). 

It  was  the  old  time  prophecy  of  Governor 
Gilpin  that  a  railroad  would  be  built 
through  Alaska,  over  or  under  Behring 
Strait.  The  rich  gold  discoveries  in  that 
region,  and  railway  construction  now  being 
carried  on  there,  may  yet  see  it  all  realized. 


—57— 


JOHN  EVANS 


"P  VANS,  JOHN,  governor  of  Colorado,  born 
*•*  near  Waynesville,  Ohio,  March  9,  1814, 
died  July  3,  1897,  was  the  son  of  David  and 
Rachel  Evans.  His  great  grandfather,  a  man- 
ufacturer of  tools,  was  one  of  the  early  Qua- 
ker settlers  of  Philadelphia,  and  his  sons, 
Benjamin  and  Owen,  continued  to  carry  on 
the  same  business,  Owen  being  the  inventor 
of  the  screw  auger.  Benjamin,  father  of 


age,  he  took  a  course  in  Clearmont  academy, 
in  Philadelphia,  later  studied  medicine,  grad- 
uating as  an  M.  D.  in  1838.  After  practicing 
his  profession  for  a  short  time,  near  Ottawa, 
Illinois,  he  removed  to  Attica,  Indiana,  where 
he  was  successful  as  a  physician  and  finan- 
cier. Through  lectures,  articles  in  the  press, 
and  an  address  before  the  legislature,  he  ob- 
tained an  appropriation  from  the  state  for 


JOHN  EVANS 


David,  removed  to  South  Carolina  and  mar- 
ried Hannah  Smith,  but  being  anti-slavery, 
removed  to  the  then  wilderness  of  Ohio, 
where  he  became  wealthy  in  the  manufacture 
of  screw  augers  and  in  farming  and  merchan- 
dizing. 

John  Evans,  the  son,  and  future  governor 
of  Colorado,  worked  on  the  farm  and  at- 
tended the  local  schools.  On  becoming  of 


the  erection  of  an  insane  asylum  near  Ind- 
ianapolis, of  which  he  was  the  first  superin- 
tendent. In  1845,  he  was  elected  to  a  pro- 
fessorship, which  he  held  for  eleven  years,  in 
the  Rush  Medical  college  in  Chicago.  Dr. 
Evans  published  a  monograph,  maintaining 
that  the  cholera  was  contagious  at  the  time 
of  the  epidemic  of  that  disease  in  1848-49, 
and  later,  in  1865,  also  urged  congress  to  es- 


—58— 


tablish  a  national  quarantine.  For  several 
years  he  was  editor  of  the  Northwestern 
Medical  and  Surgical  Journal.  Dr.  Evans 
was  the  founder  of  the  Illinois  General  Hos- 
pital for  the  Lakes,  later  transferred  to  the 
Sisters  of  Mercy,  and  named  the  Mercy  hos- 
pital. He  was  largely  instrumental  in  estab- 
lishing the  Methodist  Book  Concern  (pub- 
lishing house)  and  the  Northwestern  Chris- 
tian Advocate  in  Chicago,  and  was  one  of 
the  original  promoters  of  the  Methodist 
Church  block.  He,  as  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee on  public  schools,  in  the  Chicago  city 
council,  1852-53,  introduced  the  ordinance 
for  the  appointment  of  the  first  superinten- 
dent of  public  schools,  the  purchase  of  a  site 
and  the  erection  of  the  first  high  school 
building  in  that  city.  He  secured  the  right 
of  way  and  valuable  lands  for  terminals, 
where  the  Chicago  Union  depot  now  stands. 
He  was  one  of  the  promotors  of  the  Chicago 
and  Fort  Wayne  railroad,  of  which  he  was 
a  managing  director  for  several  years. 

In  1853,  Dr.  Evans  advocated  the  found- 
ing of  the  Northwestern  university  and,  with 
others,  selected  its  location  in  Evanston, 
which  was  so  named  in  his  honor.  Within 
two  years  this  great  university  was  estab- 
lished. He  endowed  the  chairs  of  Latin  and 
Mental  Philosophy  of  this  institution  with 
$50,000,  which  he  increased  to  $100,000 ;  was 
the  first  president  of  the  board  of  trustees, 
and  remained  with  that  board  for  forty-two 
years.  In  1855,  he  removed  his  family  to 
Evanston,  then  a  wilderness.  When  Mrs. 
Garrett  founded  the  Garrett  Biblical  insti- 
tute in  Evanston,  he  was  made  a  member  of 
the  board  of  trustees,  a  position  which  he 
held  several  years.  Dr.  Evans  was  a  shrewd 
financier,  and,  in  Chicago,  laid  the  founda- 
tion of  his  great  wealth  in  the  purchase  of 
large  tracts  of  land  that  rapidly  increased 
in  value  with  the  growth  of  the  city. 

In  1860,  Dr.  Evans  was  a  member  of  the 
republican  state  convention  of  Illinois,  which 
was  the  first  to  nominate  Lincoln  for  presi- 
dent, and  actively  participated  in  that  cam- 
paign. In  1861,  he  carried  on  a  spirited  con 
troversy,  in  the  Chicago  Evening  Journal, 
with  Judge  Scates  of  the  Illinois  Supreme 
court,  advocating  the  emancipating  of  the 
slaves,  as  a  war  measure,  his  position  therein 
being  vindicated  in  subsequent  events.  Dr. 
Evans  was  a  candidate  from  Chicago  for 
congress  on  the  know  nothing  or  American 
ticket,  but  was  defeated..  In  the  autumn  of 
1861  President  Lincoln,  who  was  his  warm 
personal  friend,  tendered  him  the  governor- 


ship of  Washington  territory,  which  was  de- 
clined, but  in  1862,  he  accepted  the  position 
of  governor  of  Colorado,  becoming  the  suc- 
cessor of  Governor  Gilpin.  He  became  a 
leader  of  men  in  Colorado,  as  he  had  been  in 
Illinois  and  Indiana,  and  the  founder  and 
promoter  of  vast  enterprises  in  this  state  and 
the  west.  In  education,  morals,  railroads, 
finance,  and  in  politics,  here  in  Colorado  he 
became  an  empire  builder,  as  he  had  been 
in  the  Mississippi  valley.  He  completed  the 
work  of  raising  troops  in  Colorado  to  sup- 
press the  rebellion,  and  defend  its  people 
from  the  terrible  ravages  of  Indian  warfare 
on  the  plains.  He  retired  as  governor  in 
1865,  having  filled  that  office  with  marked 
ability  during  one  of  the  most  trying  and 
critical  periods  in  its  history.  He  was  elected 
United  States  senator  from  Colorado  when 
the  first  state  organization  was  effected  in 
1865,  and  passed  the  winters  of  1865-66  and 
1866-67  in  Washington.  Colorado  was  ad- 
mitted to  statehood  at  both  these  sessions, 
but  President  Johnson  vetoed  both  tnese  bills 
and  Governor  Evans  was  not  permitted  to 
take  his  seat  in  the  senate.  During  the  ses- 
sion of  congress,  1869,  he  procured  the  pas- 
sage of  the  Denver  Pacific  land  grant  bill 
and  the  road  was  completed  to  Cheyenne  in 
June,  1870.  The  year  previous  he  had  been 
a  delegate  to  the  national  convention  in  1868, 
that  nominated  Grant  for  president  and 
while  at  Washington,  had  been  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Denver  Pacific  Railway  and  Tele- 
graph Company.  In  1872,  with  others,  or- 
ganized the  Denver,  South  Park  and  Pacific 
Railroad  Company.  He  was  Colorado's  first 
great  railroad  builder,  and,  among  his  later 
enterprises,  was  the  old  Denver  and  New 
Orleans  Railroad,  now  a  part  of  the  Colorado 
and  Southern  system. 

Governor  Evans  was  among  the  leaders 
of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  and  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  University  of  Den- 
ver, first  established  under  its  old  charter 
of  Colorado  seminary. 

Governor  Evans  married,  first,  Miss  Han- 
nah, daughter  of  Dr.  Joseph  Canby,  an  un- 
cle of  General  E.  R.  S.  Canby.  She  died  in 
1850.  Three  years  later  he  married  Mar- 
garet, of  illustrious  colonial  ancestry,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  Gray  of  Maine.  She  was  one 
of  the  most  cultured  and  dignified  of  the 
pioneer  women  of  Colorado,  and  a  patron  of 
painting  and  sculpture  in  the  University  of 
Denver;  she  died  September  7,  1906.  They 
were  survived  by  the  following  children: 
William  G.,  Evan  E.  and  Anne. 


—59— 


ALEXANDER  CUMMINGS 


CUMMINGS,  ALEXANDER,  territorial 
governor  of  Colorado,  appointed  October 
17,  1865,  by  President  Johnson,  resigned 
about  April  21,  1867,  had  one  of  the  storm- 
iest careers  in  the  early  days,  and  his  admin- 
istration of  two  years  was  characterized  with 
wrangling  and  much  political  bitterness.  He 
had  come  into  political  prominence  in  1862, 
as  the  founder  of  the  New  York  Daily 


and  great  executive  ability.  Cummings  was 
a  scholarly  and  able  man,  but  not  in  touch 
with  western  ideas  and  spirit,  and  naturally 
dictatorial  in  policy,  he  unfortunately  added 
name  to  the  excited  condition  of  affairs,  in- 
stead of  exerting  a  pacifying  influence.  Gov- 
ernor Cummings  opposed  the  statehood  plan, 
and  had  strong  backing  in  the  east,  where 
he  had  been  an  active  supporter  and  friend 


ALEXANDER  CUMMINGS 


World.  He  came  from  Philadelphia,  at  a 
time  when  Colorado  had  been  greatly 
wrought  up  over  a  political  campaign 
in  which  the  Sand  Creek  fight  with  the 
Indians  had  been  an  issue.  The  turbulent 
condition  of  the  public  mind,  and  the  inten- 
sity of  the  strife  between  the  contending  fac- 
tions in  Colorado  would  have  put  to  the  test 
any  man  of  the  strongest  force  of  character, 


of  Simon  Cameron  of  Pennsylvania.  Bills  to 
admit  Colorado  were  twice  vetoed  by  Presi- 
dent Johnson,  thus  preventing  the  seating  of 
former  Governor  John  Evans  and  Jerome  B. 
Chaffee,  who,  under  the  expectation  that  Col- 
orado would  become  a  state,  had  been  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate. 

In  issuing  his  Thanksgiving  proclamation, 
Governor  Cummings  advised  the  people  to- 


"  assemble  at  their  places  of  worship  and  ren- 
der to  God  devout  thanksgiving  for  the 
riches  of  his  grace,  manifested  through  His 
Son,  Jesus  Christ."  This  act  alienated  from 
him  the  Hebrew  influence,  those  of  that  faith 
claiming  that  he  had  excluded  them  from 
taking  any  part  in  the  thanksgiving  exer- 
cises, and  all  attempts  made  to  have  Gover- 
nor Cummings  modify  the  proclamation  were 
without  effect,  he  explaining  that  he  had 
not  intended  any  discourtesy  or  to  exclude 
them. 

Samuel  H.  Elbert,  later  governor  and 
chief  justice  of  Colorado,  was  then  territorial 
secretary.  Governor  Cummings  took  from 
him  the  great  seal,  and,  later,  the  former  re- 
signed. General  Frank  Hall,  not  wishing  the 
place,  was  finally  induced  to  accept  the  office 
of  secretary  of  the  territory,  and  later  Gov- 
ernor Cummings  made  a  successful  fight  to 
have  him  removed.  There  was  trouble  over 
election  returns  and  other  public  matters, 
and  the  territory  kept  in  constant  turmoil  by 
the  contending  political  factions,  until  the 
governor  finally  resigned. 

Outside  of  political  matters,  Governor 
Cummings  attempted  to  promote  the  develop- 
ment of  the  material  resources  of  the  terri- 
tory, having  great  faith  in  the  future  growth 
and  richness  of  Colorado.  He  encouraged  in- 
vestment in  mines,  when  that  industry  was 
at  a  low  ebb.  At  this  time,  the  placer  mines 
not  yielding  so  large  a  product,  and  silver 
mining  not  yet  made  a  prominent  feature, 
many  thousands  were  returning  to  the  east 
declared  that  Colorado  was  a  fraud  and  that 
Pike's  Peak  had  "busted."  Governor  Cum- 
mings attempted  to  allay  this  excitement  and 
stem  the  reaction  that  had  set  in.  He  en- 
couraged the  building  of  the  railroads,  and 
made  a  special  study  of  this  feature.  In  his 
message  to  the  legislature,  January  5,  1866, 
he  discussed  at  some  length  the  freight  ques- 
tion, and  the  necessity  for  railroads,  as  all 
the  necessaries  of  life  were  then  hauled 
across  the  plains  by  wagons.  Commenting 
on  this  he  said  : 

"Probably  no  data  could  be  collected 
which  would  show  accurately  the  immense 


amount  of  traffic  between  the  east  and  the 
west.  I  am  informed  that  a  keeper  of  a  toll 
bridge  on  the  Santa  Fe  road,  which  traverses 
southern  Colorado  200  miles,  kept  a  register 
of  the  number  of  men,  wagons  and  animals, 
employed  in  the  transportation  of  freight  on 
the  road  for  the  six  months  ending  November 
20,  1865,  and  reports  as  follows : 

Number  of  men  employed 5,197 

Number  of  animals  employed 45,350 

Pounds  of  freight  carried .26,123,400 

"From  a  single  house  of  the  Overland 
Dispatch  Company  was  shipped  to  Denver 
City,  during  the  seven  months  ending  De- 
cember 1,  1865,  3,076,000  pounds,  and 
through  Colorado  to  Salt  Lake  the  additional 
amount  of  2,871,000  pounds.  Besides  this,  a 
very  large  amount  of  freight  has  been 
shipped  by  the  forwarding  houses  from  At- 
chison,  St.  Joseph,  Omaha,  Nebraska  City, 
Plattsmouth,  Leavenworth,  Kansas  City  and 
Independence,  so  that  it  is  estimated  that 
with  railroad  transportation  it  would  require 
forty  cars  a  day  to  remove  the  amount  of 
freight  that  would  be  required  to  supply  the 
present  demand. ' ' 

These  are  interesting  figures  to  compare 
with  the  railway  traffic,  of  which  Denver  is 
now  the  center.  Governor  Cummings  then 
discusses  the  exorbitant  freight  costs  of  that 
period.  He  comments  in  this  same  message 
on  the  statement  of  J.  T.  Herrick,  the  engi- 
neer appointed  to  survey  a  railroad  route  a 
distance  of  less  than  twenty-five  miles  from 
Golden  to  Black  Hawk,  who  stated  that  upon 
inquiry,  the  merchants  of  Central  (City),  Ne- 
vada, and  Black  Hawk,  had  paid  during  the 
past  year,  principally  during  the  summer 
and  autumn,  for  freight  for  supplies  taken 
over  this  distance  between  Golden  and 
those  towns,  more  than  $650,000.  This  is  also 
interesting  data,  considered  in  the  light  of 
the  freight  questions  of  today. 

After  his  resignation,  Governor  Cum- 
mings was  appointed  collector  of  internal 
revenue  for  the  Fourth  district  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. 


—61  — 


ALEXANDER  CAMERON  HUNT 


ALEXANDER  CAMERON  HUNT. 


"pTUNT,  ALEXANDER  CAMERON,  Ter- 
•*•  •*•  ritorial  Governor  of  Colorado  (1867- 
69)  was  born  Dec.  25,  1825.  He  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  in  Freeport,  111., 
where  his  father  had  removed  in  1836.  Leav- 
ing home  at  the  age  of  sixteen,  to  make  his 
own  way  in  the  world,  he  went  to  California, 
returning  to  Freeport  a  rich  man,  in  1850. 
Then  he  engaged  in  the  grain  and  commis- 
sion business,  and  in  1856,  was  elected  mayor 
of  Freeport.  Losing  all  in  the  financial  crash 
of  1857,  he  followed  the  Pike's  Peak  excite- 
ment in  1859,  crossing  the  plains  with  his 
wife  and  child  in  an  ox  wagon.  Locating  in 
Auraria  (West  Denver)  in  a  cabin  without  a 
door  or  window,  he  opened  a  restaurant,  but 
as  he  was  too  generous  with  his  provisions, 
the  enterprise  proved  a  failure.  Engaging 
in  the  lumber  business,  he  met  with  better 
success.  He  was  elected  president  of  the 
Peoples'  Courts  in  1860,  and  was  U.  S.  mar- 
shal, 1862-66.  He  was  a  member  of  the  anti- 
state  faction,  and  supported  Gov.  Cummings 
in  the  latter's  opposition  to  the  admission 
of  Colorado  as  a  state,  thus  becoming  one  of 
the  central  figures  in  the  heated  political 
strife  then  waged  in  Colorado.  He  ran  for 
congress  as  an  independent  against  Geo.  M. 
Chilcott,  the  nominee  of  the  Union  repub- 
licans. It  was  a  campaign  waged  with  great 
bitterness,  the  vote  was  close,  but  after  much 
wrangling  over  the  election  returns,  and  the 
matter  brought  up  in  congress,  Chilcott  was 
seated. 

In  1867,  he  was  appointed  Territorial 
Governor  of  Colorado  by  President  Johnson, 
as  well  as  superintendent  ex  officio  of  In- 
dian affairs.  No  executive  possessed  to  a 
greater  extent  the  confidence  and  good  will 
of  the  Indians  of  this  region,  and  he  was  suc- 
cessful in  maintaining  these  friendly  relations, 
which  resulted  in  the  treaty  of  1868,  by  which 
the  Utes  ceded  to  the  United  States  all  their 


lands  east  of  the  107th  meridian.  On  being 
removed  by  President  Grant  in  1869,  he 
turned  his  attention  to  railroad  building  and 
construction,  becoming  associated  with  Gen. 
W.  J.  Palmer,  who  was  in  charge  of  the  old 
Kansas  Pacific,  then  being  pushed  across  the 
plains  to  Denver.  They  originated  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  system,  of  which  Gov. 
Hunt  later  became  one  of  the  directors.  In 
his  investigation  of  new  routes,  laying  out 
town  sites,  and  other  enterprises,  he  •  began 
and  encouraged  a  development  of  Colorado's 
resources,  that  materially  aided  in  the  found- 
ing of  a  great  state.  In  1871,  Gen.  Palmer  and 
Gov.  Hunt,  were  joined  by  Dr.  William  A. 
Bell,  and  their  combined  efforts  saved  the 
road  from  threatened  bankruptcy. 

While  a  resident  of  Freeport,  111.,  he  mar- 
ried Ellen  E.  Kellogg,  of  White  Pigeon,  Mich- 
igan. In  1880,  he  lost  his  wife,  a  daughter 
and  two  sons.  Prostrated  with  grief,  he  left 
Colorado,  and  followed  Gen.  Palmer  to  Mex- 
ico, where  the  latter  was  again  engaged  in  in- 
vestigating railway  possibilities  in  that  re- 
gion. Gov.  Hunt's  home  and  mansion  was 
one  of  the  most  imposing  residences  in  the 
early  history  of  Denver,  and  was  a  noted 
place  in  the  suburbs  of  the  city.  The  result 
of  the  investigations  by  Palmer  and  Hunt, 
was  the  construction  of  the  International 
Railroad.  Hunt,  after  having  accumulated 
a  fortune  of.  half  a  million  dollars,  dissolved 
with  Palmer  in  1883.  Then  engaging  in  coal 
mining  and  railway  enterprises  in  Texas,  he 
lost  heavily,  and  with  failing  fortune,  came 
loss  of  health.  In  1891,  while  in  Chicago, 
en  route  to  Denver,  Gov.  Hunt  was  stricken 
with  paralysis,  and  for  two  years  and  nine 
months  lay  helpless  and  speechless.  He  died 
May  14,  1894,  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  and 
was  buried  in  the  Congressional  Cemetery. 
A  son  and  daughter  survive  him. 


—63— 


EDWARD  MOODY  McCOOK 


EDWARD  MOODY  McCOOK 


X/T  C00?'  EDWARD  MOODY,  soldier, 
•*•**  ^""territorial  governor  of  Colorado,  son 
of  Dr.  John  and  Catharine  Julia  (Sheldon) 
McCook,  was  born  in  Steubenville,  Ohio, 
June  15,  1833.  His  grandfather,  George  Mc- 
Cook, was  an  Irishman  of  Scotch  descent, 
who  becoming  involved  with  the  United 
Irishmen  in  1780,  fled  to  the  United  States. 
His  sons,  John  (father  of  Governor  McCook) 
and  Daniel  were  known  as  the  "fighting  Mc- 
Cooks,"  distinguished  as  the  "Tribe  of  John 
and  the  Tribe  of  Dan. ' ' 

Edward  M.  McCook  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  settled  in  Minnesota  at  the 
age  of  sixteen,  and  later  followed  the  Pike's 
Peak  excitement,  reaching  Denver  August 
6,  1859.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Kansas 
legislature  in  1860,  where  he  was  known  as 
"the  Gentleman  from  Arapahoe."  At  this 
time  there  was  a  provisional  government  in 
what  is  now  Colorado,  known  as  "Jefferson 
Territory"  which  had  executive  offices,  a 
legislature,  a  judiciary  and  also  miners' 
courts.  Some  claimed  that  this  region  was 
still  "Arapahoe  county,  Kansas,"  which 
formed  the  basis  of  electing  McCook  a  mem- 
ber of  that  legislature.  McCook  engaged  in 
mining  and  the  practice  of  the  law,  with 
more  or  less  success,  but  when  Sumter  was 
fired  on  he  hastened  to  AVashington.  Before 
entering  the  field  in  a  recognized  capacity, 
he  became  a  member  of  Jim  Lane's  "Kansas 
Legion,"  which  with  the  "Kentucky  Le- 
gion" were  the  only  commands  then  in  the 
city,  loyal  to  the  government.  He  was  one 
of  those  especially  detailed  to  guard  the 
white  house  and  President  Lincoln.  Mc- 
Cook volunteered  to  carry  dispatches  to  Gen- 
eral Scott,  communication  having  been  cut 
off  by  the  Maryland  state  troops.  Although 
Baltimore  was  in  a  state  of  insurrection,  he 
succeeded  in  returning  with  dispatches, 
walking  all  the  way  back  on  the  railway 
track.  He  made  a  gallant  record  in  the  civil 
war;  entered  the  Union  army,  second  lieu- 
tenant, First  United  States  cavalry,  May  8, 
1861,  first  lieutenant,  July  17,  1862 ;  in  vol- 
unteer service  as  major,  lieutenant-colonel 
and  colonel,  second  Indiana  volunteer  caval- 
ry; brigadier  general  volunteers,  April  27, 
1864;  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service, 
January  15,  1866.  General  McCook  was 
breveted :  first  lieutenant,  April  7,  1862,  for 


battle  of  Shiloh;  captain,  October  8,  1862, 
for  battle  of  Perryville;  major,  September 
20,1863,  for  battle  of  Chickamaugua ;  lieuten- 
ant Colonel,  January  27,  1864,  for  cavalry 
operations  in  eastern  Tennessee ;  colonel, 
March  13,  1865,  for  capture  of  Selma,  Ala- 
bama ;  Brigadier  general,  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field 
during  the  war;  major  general  volunteers, 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services,  etc. 

Resigning  from  the  regular  army,  May  9, 
1866,  he  was  minister  to  Hawaii,  1866-69, 
where,  during  his  term,  he  negotiated  a 
treaty  of  commercial  reciprocity.  In  1869, 
he  was  appointed  by  President  Grant  terri- 
torial governor  of  Colorado.  He  strength- 
ened the  public  school  system,  established  a 
board  of  immigration,  encouraged  the  build- 
ing of  railroads,  was  identified  with  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Denver  water  works,  and 
other  important  enterprises,  and  became  one 
of  the  largest  taxpayers  in  the  city.  It  is 
now  interesting  to  note  that  he  advocated 
woman's  suffrage.  McCook  had  supplanted 
Hunt  as  governor,  the  latter  having  been 
during  his  term,  ex-officio  superintendent  of 
Indian  affairs.  Hunt  had  been  the  friend 
and  champion  for  Cummings,  his  predecessor 
as  governor,  and  their  administrations  had 
been  all  interspersed  with  bitter  factional 
lights  and  partizanship.  Feuds  again  broke 
out,  and  Hunt's  friends,  with  others,  made 
trouble  over  alleged  irregularities  in  the  con- 
duct of  Indian  affairs,  in  1873.  Samuel  H. 
Elbert  was  appointed  March  9,  that  year, 
territorial  governor.  Then  ensued  the  stormy 
incidents  of  the  McCook-Elbert  controversy, 
resulting  in  the  re-appointment  of  McCook 
as  governor,  January  27,  1874,  who  served 
until  the  beginning  of  the  administration  of 
Governor  John  L.  Routt,  who  was  appointed 
governor,  March  29,  1875. 

Governor  McCook  then  engaged  in  various 
large  business  and  commercial  enterprises. 
He  was  largely  interested  in  a  European  tele- 
phone syndicate,  and  at  one  time  was  one  of 
the  purchasers  of  the  Batopilos,  the  rich 
silver  mines  of  Mexico.  He  was  a  well- 
known  orator,  and  was  selected  to  deliver 
the  funeral  oration  of  General  Thomas.  He 
married  twice ;  first,  Mary  Thompson ;  sec- 
ond, Mary  McKenna.  He  died  in  1909. 


—65— 


SAMUEL  HITT  ELBERT 


SAMUEL  HITT  ELBERT. 


A  LBERT,  SAMUEL  HITT,  Governor  of 
**~^"  Colorado,  born  in  Logan  county,  Ohio, 
April  3,  1833,  died  November  27,  1899 

His  first  American  ancestor  emmigrated 
from  Devonshire,  England,  and  settled  prior 
to  1683,  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Maryland. 
He  there  became  the  proprietor  of  a  large 
plantation,  which  is  still  owned  by  his  de- 
scendants. Dr.  John  Lodman  Elbert,  his 
paternal  great  grandfather  was  a  surgeon  in 
the  American  Revolution,  and  for  his  ser- 
vices in  that  war  was  voted  a  large  tract  of 
land  by  the  Maryland  legislature.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  Order  of  the  Cincinnati.  His 
mother,  of  Huguenot  origin,  was  descended 
from  a  Virginia  colonial  ancestry.  His  father, 
Dr.  John  Downs  Elbert,  was  eminent  as  a 
physician  and  surgeon,  who  held  honorary 
degrees  from  Cincinnati  and  Philadelphia 
medical  colleges.  In  1840,  the  family  removed 
to  Iowa. 

Samuel  H.  Elbert,  the  son,  returned  to 
Ohio  in  1848,  and  was  graduated  from  the 
Ohio  Wesleyan  University  in  1854.  During 
the  next  two  years,  he  studied  law  in  Dayton, 
Ohio,  and  was  there  admitted  to  the  bar.  He 
came  west  in  the  spring  of  1857,  and  opened 
a  law  office  in  Plattsmouth,  Nebraska,  build- 
ing up  an  extensive  practice  in  that  state  and 
Iowa.  In  1860,  he  was  a  delegate  from  Neb- 
raska, to  the  republican  convention  that 
nominated  Lincoln  for  president,  and  the 
same  year  he  was  elected  to  the  Nebraska 
legislature.  In  1862,  he  was  appointed  by 
President  Lincoln,  Secretary  of  Colorado 
Territory,  serving  in  that  position  under 
Governor  John  Evans.  As  secretary  of 
the  territory,  he  was  frequently  acting  gover- 
nor, and  promoted  the  mobilization  of  the 
2nd  and  3rd  Colorado  regiments  for  the  civil 
war,  and  was  a  prominent  figure  in  dealing 
with  the  Indian  hostilities,  then  prevailing 
on  the  plains.  In  1864,  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  national  republican  convention  that 
re-nominated  Lincoln  for  president.  After 
serving  four  years  as  secretary  of  the  terri- 
tory, he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law, 
forming  a  partnership  with  J.  Q.  Charles, 
under  the  firm  name  of  Charles  &  Elbert. 


In  1869  Judge  Elbert  was  elected  to  the  ter- 
ritorial legislature.  In  1870,  he  was  the  sec- 
retary, and  in  1872,  the  chairman  of  the  re- 
publican central  committee  of  the  territory. 
Upon  the  urgent  request  and  the  petition  of 
the  citizens,  Judge  Elbert  was  appointed 
governor  of  Colorado  Territory  in  1873.  The 
territory  was  then  a  hot  bed  of  political  in- 
trigue, and  torn  by  wrangling  and  partisan 
politics,  and  notwithstanding  the  ability  with 
which  Judge  Elbert  administered  the  affairs 
of  the  territory,  he  was  superceded  in  that 
office  in  1874. 

During  his  short  term  as  governor,  he  be- 
gan an  agitation  that  still  continues — the 
question  of  the  reclamation  of  the  arid  lands. 
He  called  a  meeting  of  delegates  from  the 
western  states  and  territories,  in  the  summer 
of  1873,  at  which  he  delivered  an  address  on 
this  then,  and  now,  great  western  question; 
It  was  the  first  large  convention  on  the  publ1 
and  arid  land  problem,  to  be  followed  by 
others,  even  up  to  the  present  time.  After 
Gov.  Elbert's  removal,  the  whole  matter  was 
explained  to  President  Grant,  that  he  had 
been  misinformed  as  to  conditions  in  Colo- 
rado. After  leaving  the  governor's  chair, 
Judge  Elbert  visited  Europe,  spending  a  year 
abroad,  in  the  study  of  social  and  political 
conditions. 

When  Colorado  became  a  state,  in  1876, 
Judge  Elbert  was  elected  on  the  republican 
ticket  to  the  Colorado  Supreme  Court,  in 
which  he  drew  the  six  year  tenure,  and  later 
assumed  the  duties  of  chief  justice.  On  the 
expiration  of  his  term  in  1882,  he  refused  to 
accept  a  re-nomination,  owing  to  ill  health. 
He  afterwards  consented  to  become  a  can- 
didate, was  elected,  and  again  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Colorado  Supreme  Court  in  Jan- 
uary, 1886,  but  owing  to  failing  health,  he 
withdrew  in  1888. 

His  alma  mater  conferred  upon  him  the 
degree  of  LL.  B. 

In  June,  1865,  he  married,  at  Evanston, 
111.,  Miss  Josephine,  daughter  of  Governor 
John  Evans  of  Colorado,  whose  death  with 
their  only  child  in  1868,  was  his  greatest  be- 
reavement. 


—67— 


JOHN  LONG  ROUTT 


JOHN  LONG  ROUTT 


OUTT,  JOHN  LONG,  Governor  of  Colo- 
rado,  born  in  Eddyville,  Caldwell  county, 
Kentucky,  April  25,  1826,  and  died  in  Denver, 
was  the  son  of  John  and  Martha  (Haggard) 
Routt.  The  family  is  of  Welch  origin.  Dan- 


iel, son  of  the  founder  of  the  family  in  this 
country,  was  a  pioneer  in  Kentucky,  making 
his  home  about  three  miles  from  Boonville, 
where  he  died  at  the  age  of  85.  John,  son 
of  Daniel  was  born  in  Clark  County,  Ken- 


—68— 


tucky,  and  engaged  in  farming  in  Caldwell 
county,  that  state,  where  he  died  at  the  age 
of  34.  During  the  war  of  1812,  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Captain  Long's  company.  Martha 
Haggard,  his  wife,  was  born  in  Clark  County. 
Her  father,  David  Haggard,  of  Welch  descent, 
but  native  of  Virginia,  enlisted  at  the  age  of 
17,  in  the  army  in  the  American  Revolution, 
serving  until  its  close,  and  then  became  a 
pioneer  settler  in  Clark  county,  Kentucky. 
In  after  years  he  cultivated  a  farm  in  Trigg 
county,  that  state,  but  spent  his  last  days  with 
relatives  in  Bloomington,  111.,  where  he  died 
at  the  age  of  85.  About  1885,  Martha(  Hag- 
gard), widow  of  John  Routt,  and  the  mother 
of  the  future  governor  of  Colorado,  removed 
with  her  family  to  Bloomington,  111,  having 
in  the  meantime  married  Henry  Newton  of 
Kentucky.  After  a  residence  of  two  years 
in  Hancock  county,  that  state,  she  removed 
to  McDonough  county,  and  later  to  McLean 
county,  where  she  died  at  the  age  of  77.  Her 
family  consisted  of  two  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters, two  surviving  her,  John  L.  Routt,  and 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Newton. 

John  L.  Routt  was  an  infant  at  the  time 
of  his  father's  death,  and  was  about  ten  years 
of  age  when  his  mother  removed  to  111.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools,  and  was 
then  apprenticed  to  a  builder  and  machinist, 
to  learn  that  trade,  and  continued  in  that  busi- 
ness until  1851,  when  he  began  to  deal  in 
town  property  and  public  lands,  with  varied 
success.  After  holding  some  minor  offices, 
in  1860,  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  McLean 
county,  that  then  ranked  second  in  popula- 
tion and  importance  in  111.  He  entered  the 
United  States  military  service  in  1862,  as 
captain  of  Company  E,  94th  111.  Volunteers, 
his  first  year's  service  being  spent  in  Mis- 
souri and  Arkansas.  At  the  battle  of  Prairie 
Grove,  he  was  in  the  thickest  of  the  fight, 
three  bullets  passing  through  his  clothing 
in  one  day.  Next,  he  served  with  his  regi- 
ment under  Gen.  Grant,  before  Vicksburg, 
remaining  until  the  surrender  of  that  city. 
His  bravery  in  this  campaign  and  his  gallant 
record,  coming  under  the  personal  notice  of 
Grant,  there  began  that  strong  friendship, 
that  developed  with  the  years  following, 
which  bound  him  and  the  great  commander 
with  the  closest  ties.  Routt  was  at  Port 
Hudson  and  served  in  Texas,  but  returned  to 
Baton  Rouge  after  the  defeat  of  Gen.  Banks. 
Returning  from  the  war  to  Bloomington  in 
1865,  he  found  that  he  had  already  been 
elected  during  his  absence,  treasurer  of  Mc- 
Lean County,  so  great  was  his  popularity. 
After  serving  two  terms  in  that  office,  and  re- 
fusing a  third  election,  he  became  Chief  Clerk 


of  the  Bureau  of  the  2nd  Assistant  Postmaster 
General,  in  1869.  The  following  spring, 
President  Grant  appointed  him  U.  S.  Marshal 
for  the  Southern  District  of  111.  When 
holding  this  office,  he  conducted  the  taking 
of  the  9th  U.  S.  census  in  that  district.  Then 
as  2nd  Assistant  Postmaster  General,  he  made 
a  splendid  record,  handling  about  $20,000,000 
a  year  in  his  department.  In  1875,  he  was 
appointed  Governor  of  Colorado,  by  Presi- 
dent Grant,  and  began  at  once  to  cement  the 
wrangling  factions  of  the  republican  party 
that  then  agitated  the  territory,  and  push  the 
statehood  idea.  Colorado  was  admitted  by 
proclamation  of  the  President,  Aug.  1,  1876, 
and  he  was  elected  governor  on  the  repub- 
lican ticket.  Thus,  he  was  the  last  terri- 
torial and  the  first  state  governor  of  Colorado. 
He  was  later  elected  and  served  as  governor 
of  the  state  for  the  term  of  1891-93,  making 
the  longest  record  of  any  one  up  to  the  present 
time,  in  that  office. 

As  Colorado  began  statehood  under  his 
administration,  he  helped  to  lay  the  founda- 
tion for  the  future  greatness  of  this  common- 
wealth. His  hitherto  large  experience,  both 
in  111.  and  with  national  affairs,  in  conducting 
public  business,  as  well  as  his  ability  to  com- 
mand and  direct,  as  displayed  in  the  army, 
eminently  fitted  and  qualified  him  to  fill  the 
position  of  governor,  during  a  critical  period 
in  the  state's  history.  He  showed  great  skill 
and  prudence  in  directing  the  early  land  policy 
and  finances  of  the  state.  During  his  ad- 
ministration, one  of  the  most  exciting  as 
well  as  bitter  struggles  occurred  in  the  legis- 
lature, in  which  he  was  urged  to  send  troops 
into  the  legislative  halls  to  maintain  order. 
He  called  both  factions  in  counsel,  and  as  an 
old  soldier,  explained  the  bad  precedent  of 
such  action,  advised  moderation,  and  refused 
to  send  in  the  troops.  At  critical  times,  he 
always  brought  order  out  of  chaos,  He  show- 
ed the  same  marked  ability  as  mayor  of  Den- 
ver. He  was  a  prominent  figure  in  state  and 
national  politics,  and  was  one  of  those  who 
amassed  a  fortune  in  the  Leadville  mines. 

He  married  first,  in  1845,  Esther  A. 
(daughter  of  J.  Woodson),  born  in  Spring- 
field, and  died  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  1872. 
They  had  the  following  children:  Minnie 
(wife  of  state  senator,  Charles  Hartzell), 
who  died  in  Denver;  Birdie,  wife  of  attorney 
W.  H.  Bryant  of  Denver;  Frank;  John  H.; 
and  Mrs.  Emma  Butler  of  Denver.  He  mar- 
ried second,  Miss  Eliza  Pickrell  of  Springfield, 
111.  now  dead,  who  was  one  of  the  most  be- 
loved women  of  Colorado.  They  had  one 
child,  Leila  Elkin. 


—69— 


FREDERICK  WALTER  PITKIN 


FREDERICK  WALTER  PITKIN. 


PITKIN,  FREDERICK  WALTER,  GOV- 

•*  ernor  of  Colorado,  born  in  Manchester, 
Conn.,  Aug.  31,  1837,  died  in  Pueblo,  Colo- 
rado, Dec.  18,  1886,  was  the  son  of  Eli  and 
Hannah  (Torrey)  Pitkin.  He  was  descended 


from  the  Pitkins  and  Griswolds  of  Connecti- 
cut, where  for  many  generations  his  ancestors 
had  been  highly  honored,  both  in  public  and 
private  life.  His  father,  a  prominent  citi- 
zen of  Manchester,  was  descended  from  Wil- 


—70— 


liam  Pitkin,  born  near  London,  1635,  settled 
in  Hartford,  1659,  who  was  a  member  of  the 
General  Court  and  the  Colonial  Council. 
His  grandson,  William  Pitkin,  was  governor 
of  Connecticut,  1766-69. 

Frederick  W.  Pitkin  was  prepared  for 
college  under  careful  instruction,  and  was 
matriculated  at  Wesleyan  University,  Min- 
dletown,  Conn,  in  1854,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  with  high  honors  in  1858.  Then  enter- 
ing the  Albany  Law  School  and  completing 
the  course  in  1859,  he  located  in  1860  in  Mil- 
waukee, where  he  soon  established  himself 
in  a  lucrative  law  business  and  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Palmer,  Hooker  & 
Pitkin.  Owing  to  failing  health,  and  follow- 
ing the  advice  of  his  physicians,  in  1873,  he 
went  to  Europe,  where  he  became  worse,  and 
during  two  months  in  Switzerland  little  hope 
was  entertained  for  his  recovery.  Returning 
to  his  native  land,  he  visited  Florida,  spend- 
ing the  winter  there,  but  without  recuper- 
ating his  health.  In  1874  he  came  west  and 
spent  three  years  of  camp  life  in  Colorado 
with  beneficial  results,  roughing  it  in  summer 
and  residing  in  the  towns  during  the  winter. 
He  made  his  home  in  southwestern  Colorado, 
and  through  the  practice  of  the  law  and  by 
mining  investments  in  the  San  Juan  region, 
he  became  identified  with  that  section  of  the 
state  and  one  of  its  most  popular  citizens. 
From  the  San  Juan  came  an  earnest  demand 
for  his  nomination  in  the  gubernatorial  race. 
He  was  nominated  by  acclimation  by  the 
republican  state  convention  in  1878  and  elect- 
ed by  a  majority  of  nearly  3,000  in  a  total 
vote  of  less  than  30,000.  His  successful  ad- 
ministration, during  which  there  were  diffi- 
cult Indian  and  labor  questions  and  troubles 
to  be  solved,  met  with  the  hearty  approval 
of  his  party  and  the  people  generally.  Ap- 
preciative of  his  faithful  services,  he  was  nomi- 
nated by  the  republicans  for  a  second  guber- 
natorial term  and  was  elected  by  an  increased 
majority. 

Soon  after  Governor  Pitkin  entered  upon 
the  duties  of  his  first  term,  there  came  severe 
tests  of  his  executive  strength,  but  he  handled 
all  these  public  affairs  with  marked  ability. 
In  the  summer  of  1879  came  the  railway  war 
between  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe 
and  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  when  both 
companies  with  armed  bodies  of  men  were 
fighting  for  the  right-of-way  through  the 


royal  gorge  of  the  Arkansas.  In  the  fall  of 
that  year  followed  the  Ute  War,  the  defeat 
of  Maj.  T.  T.  Thornburg  and  other  compli- 
cations with  the  Meeker  massacre.  It  was 
also  the  period  of  the  great  carbonate  and 
mining  excitement  at  Leadville  where  ser- 
ious labor  troubles  arose  in  1880.  No  gover- 
nor of  Colorado  had  such  varied  and  momen- 
tous questions  so  rapidly  thrust  upon  him, 
yet  Gov.  Pitkin  ever  remained  the  master 
of  the  situation,  amid  the  excitement  of  In- 
dian war,  labor  and  railway  troubles.  His 
firmness,  timely  orders,  and  the  tone  of  his 
dispatches,  both  to  state  and  national  leaders, 
brought  quiet  and  peace  out  of  the  Ute  war. 
At  the  time  of  the  great  Leadville  strike  in 
1880,  when  armed  and  threatening  bands  of 
excited  men  were  parading  the  streets,  and 
the  civil  authorities  were  powerless,  he 
promptly  declared  martial  law,  thus  saving 
both  life  and  property.  The  settlement  of 
the  railway  war  in  the  royal  gorge,  has  re- 
mained undisturbed  to  this  day.  His  second 
term  as  governor  was  more  peaceful,  and  he 
was  given  more  time  in  this  administration 
to  foster  and  build  up  the  real  interests  of 
the  state. 

When  Senator  Teller  became  Secretary  of 
the  Interior  in  President  Arthur's  cabinet, 
it  fell  to  Gov.  Pitkin  to  appoint  a  successor 
to  Teller  in  the  Senate,  and  there  was  intense 
feeling  and  rivalry  between  the  several  candi- 
dates. Gov.  Pitkin  appointed  George  M. 
Chilcott  to  fill  the  temporary  vacancy,  and 
at  the  next  session  of  the  legislature  came  the 
election  of  two  U.  S.  senators.  Pitkin  reached 
within  two  votes  of  an  election  but  could  not 
quite  overcome  the  strong  combination  of  the 
politicians.  Had  not  the  appointing  power 
fell  to  Gov.  Pitkin  to  name  a  temporary  suc- 
cessor to  Teller,  over  which  there  was  such 
a  wrangle,  there  is  but  little  doubt  that  he 
would  have  filled  as  well  as  graced  the  office 
of  U.  S.  Senator  from  Colorado.  Gov.  Pitkin 
was  one  of  the  purest,  ablest  and  most  con- 
scientious men  that  ever  filled  that  office  in 
Colorado. 

In  1862  he  married  Fidelia  M.,  daughter 
of  John  James,  of  Lockport,  N.  Y.,  who  comes 
from  an  old  and  well  known  family. 

They  had  four  children:  Robert  J,  lawyer, 
Denver;     and,    Florence,    wife    of    Earl    M. 
Cranston,  the  law  partner  of  her  brother; 
and  Frederick  W.  and  Samuel,  who  died  in 
infancy. 


—71— 


JAMES  BENTON  GRANT 


—72— 


JAMES  BENTON  GRANT. 


RANT,  JAMES  BENTON.  The  forma- 
tive  days  of  Colorado's  history  devel- 
oped no  finer  product  than  James  Benton 
Grant,  miner,  founder  of  one  of  the  first 
smelters,  governor,  banker,  "captain  of  in- 
dustry." Indeed,  his  activities  in  all  lines 
of  worthy  effort,  are  known  beyond  the  bor- 
ders of  his  own  state.  On  the  occasion  of  the 
visit  to  this  country  of  Prince  Henry,  of  Bat- 
tenburg,  1902,  Governor  Grant  was  invited 
to  attend  the  "captains  of  industry"  ban- 
quet given  the  royal  guest,  by  J.  Pierpont 
Morgan. 

Governor  Grant  was  born  in  Russell  coun- 
ty, Alabama,  January  2,  1848,  and  died  at 
Excelsior  Springs,  Missouri,  November  1, 
1911.  His  father,  Thomas  McDonough  Grant, 
was  a  physician  and  cotton  planter.  His 
grandfather,  James  Grant,  imigrated  from 
Scotland  and  settled  in  Norfolk,  Va.,  in 
1746.  In  the  Jacobite  wars,  the  Scotch 
Grants  fought  the  Pretenders,  Governor 
Grant's  ancestors  being  in  the  thick  of  the 
hardest  campaigns.  His  mother  was  Mary 
Benton,  a  daughter  of  one  of  the  old  south- 
ern families. 

Favored  by  nature  and  circumstances,  in 
a  lineage  of  purposeful,  hard-headed  ances- 
tors, and  possessing  advantages  of  education 
and  opportunity,  which  he  was  able  to  ac- 
quire through  the  wealth  of  his  uncle,  James 
Grant  of  Davenport,  Iowa,  who,  having  no 
children  of  his  own,  undertook  to  educate 
fifteen  or  tAventy  of  his  nieces  and  nephews, 
whose  parents  being  in  the  south,  were  prac- 
tically penniless  at  the  close  of  the  war,  Gov- 
ernor Grant  came  to  Colorado  in  1877  with 
an  equipment  that  was  bound  to  make  him  a 
leader  among  men. 

Governor  Grant  was  extremely  fortunate 
in  his  educational  advantages.  He  attended 
Iowa  Agricultural  college;  later  going  to 
Cornell.  From  there  he  went  to  Frieburg, 
Germany,  where  he  took  a  course  in  min- 
eralogy. 

Governor  Grant  went  first  to  Central 
City,  where  he  engaged  in  assaying  and  min- 
ing. From  the  beginning,  he  was  successful, 
stepping  naturally  into  a  position  of  leader- 
ship in  a  community  where  rugged  competi- 
tion was  most  intense.  In  those  early  days, 
when  Colorado  had  her  beginning,  only  the 
fittest  survived,  but  they,  tested  in  nature's 
own  crucible,  came  out  strong,  tough  and 
durable.  If  the  battle  was  hard,  the  rewards 
were  large.  The  names  of  the  successful 
ones  are  written  bold  on  the  pages  of  the 
state's  history,  and  that  history  is  the  rec- 
ord of  their  achievements. 

It  was  characteristic  of  Governor  Grant 


to  look  beyond  limitations  of  the  field  in 
which  he  was  engaged,  and  to  recognize 
greater  opportunities  of  the  mining  indus- 
try. When  only  one  year  out  of  college  h& 
established  and  operated  the  Grant  smelter. 
From  1877  down  to  the  time  of  his  death 
he  was  actively  interested  in  the  smelting 
industry  of  the  west.  He  was  vice-president 
of  the  Omaha  and  Grant  smelter  from  1882 
until  1899,  and  then  became  a  director  and 
member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
American  Smelting  and  Refining  Company. 

His  southern  birth  and  training  placed 
Governor  Grant  in  the  democratic  party,  and 
although  politics  was  with  him  only  an  inci- 
dent of  his  busy  life,  he  consented  to  the 
party's  demand  and  accepted  the  nomina- 
tion in  1882.  Although  his  candidacy  was 
regarded  as  a  forlorn  hope,  the  people  ral- 
lied to  his  support,  and  he  was  triumphantly 
elected.  During  his  administration,  from 
1883  to  1885,  peace  prevailed  and  the  state 
prospered. 

Although  his  smelting  interests  were  ex- 
tensive enough  to  claim  the  undivided  atten- 
tion of  any  ordinary  man,  Governor  Grant 
engaged  in  many  other  lines  of  activity.  He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Denver  Na- 
tional Bank  and  continued  as  vice-president 
of  that  institution  from  the  time  its  doors 
were  open  in  1884  until  his  death.  He  found 
time  to  make  a  searching  investigation  of  the 
physical  condition  of  the  Leadville  district 
and  to  prepare  an  exhaustive  report  of  his 
findings.  This  report  was  translated  into 
Dutch  and  submitted  to  Holland  capitalists 
by  General  William  J.  Palmer.  The  possi- 
bilities of  the  district,  as  shown  by  Governor 
Grant's  report,  constituted  the  convincing 
argument  which  induced  the  Dutch  capital- 
ists to  buy  the  bonds  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  extension  from  Canon  City  to  Lead- 
ville. 

His  survey  of  the  Leadville  district  con- 
vinced Governor  Grant  that  the  production 
of  the  famous  camps  might '  be  greatly  in- 
creased by  the  construction  of  a  tunnel  driv- 
en through  the  lower  levels.  In  1892,  he 
financed  the  Yak  tunnel  enterprise  and  work 
was  begun  after  plans  drawn  by  A.  A.  Blow, 
the  well-known  mining  engineer.  The  Yak 
tunnel  has  reached  a  length  of  four  miles, 
and  will  be  driven  two  thousand  feet  farther. 

Governor  Grant  married  Mary  Goodell, 
at  Leadville,  in  1881.  They  have  two  sons, 
Lester  E.  and  James  B.  Jr. 

Among  the  local  clubs  of  which  Governor 
Grant  was  a  member  are  the  Denver  Club, 
University  Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  and 
Denver  Country  Club. 


—73— 


BENJAMIN  HARRISON  EATON 


—74— 


BENJAMIN  HARRISON  EATON. 


T7ATON,  BENJAMIN  HARRISON,  Gov- 
*~*  ernor  of  Colorado,  born  near  the  town 
of  West  Bedford,  in  Coshocton  county,  Ohio, 
December  15,  1833,  died  October  29,  1904; 
was  the  son  of  Levi  and  Hannah  (Smith) 
Eaton,  pioneers  in  that  state.  His  first 
American  ancestor,  Benjamin  Eaton,  emi- 
grated from  England,  settled  in  Boston,  and 
there  married  a  Quaker  lady.  His  son,  Ben- 
jamin, became  a  sea  captain,  after  which  he 
removed  to  Kentucky  and  later  to  Ohio.  His 
son,  Levi,  born  in  Harrison  county,  Ohio, 
married  Hannah  Smith,  and  they  were  the 
parents  of  the  future  Governor  of  Colorado. 
Educated  in  the  public  schools,  he  became 
a  teacher  in  Ohio,  and  removing  to  Iowa  in 
1854,  he  taught  school  in  Louisa  county,  that 
state,  for  two  years.  He  then  engaged  in 
teaching  and  farming  in  Ohio  two  years,  re- 
turning to  Iowa  in  1858,  and  a  year  later 
he  joined  a  party  from  that  state,  follow- 
ing the  Pike's  Peak  excitement  to  Colorado, 
in  1859.  After  some  thrilling  adventures 
with  Indians  in  crossing  the  plains,  they  ex- 
plored the  regions  bordering  on  Boulder  and 
Clear  Creeks.  Mr.  Eaton  was  a  pioneer  in 
California  Gulch;  a  member  of  the  second 
Baker  expedition  to  the  San  Juan  of  South- 
western Colorado,  in  1860-1861,  exploring 
what  is  now  Baker's  Park,  Silverton  and 
other  points  in  that  region.  He  suffered 
many  privations,  and  nearly  perished  of  cold 
and  hunger.  Then  renting  land  on  the  Max- 
well Land  Grant  in  New  Mexico,  he  remained 
there  until  1863,  when  he  returned  to  Colo- 
rado and  entered  a  small  farm,  twelve  miles 
west  of  what  is  now  Greeley,  in  Weld  county. 
To  this  then  dreary  waste  he  brought  water 
from  the  Cache  la  Poudre,  which  was  the 
beginning  of  one  of  the  greatest  irrigating 
systems  in  the  world's  history. 

Realizing  what  could  be  accomplished  by 
irrigation,  he  negotiated  with  the  land  de- 
partment of  the  Union  Pacific  for  25,000 
acres  of  land  contiguous  to  the  present  towns 
of  Eaton  and  Greeley,  at  $1  an  acre,  on  long 
time.  He  divided  this  body  of  land  into 
tracts  ranging  from  160  to  640  acres,  and 
began  developing  his  system  of  irrigation, 
and  entered  upon  his  career  as  a  scientific 
agriculturist.  In  1901,  Mr.  Eaton  had  under 
cultivation  16,000  acres,  his  annual  income 
therefrom  estimated  from  $200,000  to  $300,- 
000.  He  became  one  of  the  original  stock- 
holders in  the  Union  Colony  at  Greeley  in 
1870. 

In  1864,  he  built  the  Eaton  Ditch,  and 


within  the  next  fifteen  years  he  constructed 
the  Mill  Power  Canal  at  Greeley;  the  Num- 
ber Two  of  the  Union  Colony ;  the  High  Line, 
including  the  Larimer  and  Weld  Canals,  and 
others,  involving  nearly  one  hundred  miles 
of  waterway,  redeeming  many  thousands  of 
acres  to  fertile  and  fruitful  production.  At 
the  time  of  his  death  all  of  his  original 
25,000  acres  were  yielding  bountiful  harvests. 
His  largest  work  is  the  Windsor  Reservoir 
and  the  canal  of  the  Windsor  Reservoir  and 
Canal  Company.  He  constructed  the  large 
flouring  mill  at  Eaton,  the  town  being  named 
in  his  honor.  In  selecting  the  types  of  cit- 
izens representative  of  special  lines  of  work 
in  the  founding  and  upbuilding  of  Colorado, 
the  portrait  of  Governor  Eaton  was  one  of 
the  sixteen  chosen  to  fill  the  niches  that  had 
been  reserved  in  the  panels  of  the  dome  of 
the  State  Capitol  Building.  He  was  given 
this  distinguished  honor  as  the  great  pioneer 
farmer  and  developer  of  the  vast  irrigation 
systems  of  Northern  Colorado. 

Governor  Eaton  was  a  Republican,  except 
in  1896,  when  he  was  chosen  to  the  electoral 
college  on  the  Bryan  ticket.  In  1866,  he  was 
elected  justice  of  the  peace,  holding  that 
office  nine  years;  was  six  years  county  com- 
missioner, four  of  which  he  was  chairman 
of  the  board;  elected  to  territorial  legisla- 
ture, 1872,  and  secured  passage  of  the  law 
forbidding  the  waste  of  waters  of  the  public 
streams;  member  of  territorial  council  (Sen- 
ate) in  1875;  and  in  1884  he  was  elected 
Governor  of  Colorado  on  the  Republican 
ticket. 

Fraternally,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ma- 
sonic order,  a  Knight  Templar  and  a  Shriner. 
In  church  matters,  he  leaned  toward  the 
Methodists. 

Governor  Eaton  married,  first,  in  1856, 
in  Ohio,  Delilah,  daughter  of  James  Wolfe. 
She  died  May  31,  1857,  leaving  a  son,  Aaron 
J.  Eaton,  later  a  wealthy  farmer  and  busi- 
ness man  of  Eaton,  Colorado. 

In  1864,  he  returned  to  Iowa,  and  in 
Louisa  county  married  Rebecca  J.,  daughter 
of  Abraham  Hill,  and  then  came  with  her 
to  his  Colorado  home.  Of  this  second  mar- 
riage three  children  were  born,  A.  Lincoln, 
died  at  age  of  fourteen;  Bruce  G.,  succeed- 
ing his  father  at  Eaton  as  one  of  the  exten- 
sive farmers  and  wealthy  men  of  Colorado; 
and  Jennie  B.,  wife  of  John  M.  Petrikin, 
former  postmaster  of  Greeley  and  later  cash- 
ier of  the  First  National  Bank  of  that  city. 


—75— 


ALVA  ADAMS. 


A  DAMS,  ALVA,  governor  of  Colorado 
"  (1887-89,  1897-99,  and  begining  third 
term,  January  10,  1905,  and  serving  until 
March  16,  1905),  born  in  Iowa  county,  AVis- 
consin,  May  14,  1850,  was  the  son  of  John 
and  Eliza  (Blanchard)  Adams,  he  a  native 
of  Kentucky,  and  she  of  New  York.  His 
father  was  a  merchant  and  farmer.  In  1842 


subjects.  Thus,  although  not  a  college  grad- 
uate, he  has  added  to  his  successful  business 
and  political  life,  the  close  application  of  the 
student,  and  the  selfmade  man  has  become 
well  known  for  his  liberal  culture  and  many 
attainments.  Owing  to  the  sickness  of  his 
brother,  the  family  removed  to  Colorado  in 
1871.  Young  Alva,  then  but  twenty-one 


ALVA  ADAMS 


the  family  settled  in  Wisconsin,  where  he 
continued  in  the  line  of  merchandising  and 
farming. 

Alva  Adams,  the  son,  grew  to  manhood 
on  the  farm,  receiving  a  fair  education  in 
the  public  schools,  which  he  has  supple- 
mented by  general  study  and  reading  in  the 
home  life,  and  during  his  early  business  ca- 
reer, being  especially  interested  in  historical 


years  of  age,  in  seeking  work  found  employ- 
ment in  hauling  ties  for  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  railroad,  then  building  south  of  Den- 
ver, which  led  to  fortunate  business  connec- 
tions later.  After  a  short  service  with  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  he  went  to  Colorado 
Springs,  in  the  employ  of  C.  W.  Sanborn,  a 
lumber  and  hardware  dealer.  While  in  San- 
born 's  employ  he  built  a  small  structure 


—76— 


on  Cascade  avenue  for  lumber  office,  hard- 
ware store  and  dwelling.  This  building  was 
completed  August  7,  1871,  and  was  the  first 
house  erected  within  the  present  limits  of 
Colorado  Springs.  Here  he  conducted  the 
business  for  Mr.  Sanborn  until  October, 
when  he  bought  the  stock  of  his  employer, 
paying  therefor  $4,100,  and  for  want  of  cash 
giving  his  notes  for  the  greater  part  of  it,  at 
two  per  cent  a  month.  Succeeding  in  busi- 
ness, he  admitted  J.  C.  Wilson  to  partner- 
ship in  1872,  and  leaving  the  latter  in  charge 
at  Colorado  Springs,  Mr.  Adams  removed  to 
Pueblo  in  1873,  where  he  established  a 
branch  store.  Disposing  of  his  interests  in 
Colorado  Springs,  he  continued  to  enlarge 
the  business  at  Pueblo,  and  started  other 
stores  in  the  San  Juan  region  and  southwest- 
ern Colorado. 

An  ardent  democrat,  Mr.  Adams  soon  be- 
came a  prominent  figure  in  the  public  life 
of  the  state.  His  first  official  position  was 
held  in  1873,  when  he  was  elected  trustee  of 
South  Pueblo.  In  1876,  when  twenty-six 
years  of  age,  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  the  Colorado 
legislature,  from  Rio  Grande  county.  In 
1884,  Mr.  Adams  was  the  democratic  nom- 
inee for  governor,  but  was  defeated.  Colo- 
rado was  then  a  republican  state,  and  the 
splendid  record  that  he  had  made  in  the 
previous  campaign  induced  his  party  again 
to  nominate  him  for  governor  in  1886,  and 
he  was  the  only  democrat  elected.  He  gave 
the  state  a  careful  and  business-like  admin- 
istration. He  declined  a  renomination  and 
after  the  close  of  his  first  term  as  governor 
retired  to  private  life,  continuing  his  exten- 
sive and  well-established  business. 

In  1896,  as  the  democratic  nominee,  Gov- 
ernor Adams  was  re-elected  governor.  In 
1902,  he  came  within  a  close  vote  of  election 
to  congress,  being  the  candidate  at  large 
against  Franklin  E.  Brooks,  republican,  and 
was  defeated  by  only'839  votes;  Mr.  Brooks 
receiving  85,207,  as  against  84,368  for  Mr. 
Adams. 

In  1904,  the  democrats  placed  Mr.  Adams 
at  the  head  of  their  ticket  against  James  H. 
Peabody,  who  had  been  renominated  for  gov- 
ernor by  the  republicans.  This  campaign  fol- 
lowed close  on  the  Cripple  Creek  strike  and 
war  of  the  preceding  administration  of  the 
latter  (Peabody)  and  was  one  of  the  most 
hotly  contested  elections  in  the  history  of 
the  state.  On  the  face  of  the  returns  the 
republican  state  ticket  was  elected  with  the 
exception  of  Governor  Peabody,  who  was 
defeated  on  the  showing  made  by  the 


official  canvass,  the  plurality  for  Governor 
Adams  being  over  ten  thousand.  Then  be- 
gan the  memorable  contest  of  Governor  Pea- 
body  against  Governor  Adams.  The  latter  un- 
der the  returns  had  been  sworn  in  as  gov- 
ernor, and  thus  began  his  third  term  as  gov- 
ernor. Governor  John  L.  Routt  served  three 
terms  as  governor,  but  one  of  these  was  that 
of  territorial  governor,  to  which  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  the  president.  Routt  was  elected 
twice  by  the  people,  and  appointed  once,  and 
thus  assumed  the  office  of  chief  executive  of 
Colorado  for  three  terms.  Governor  Adams 
was  the  only  other  thus  far  in  the  history  of 
the  state,  who  entered  upon  a  third  term  in 
the  gubernatorial  office.  In  defending  his 
right  to  the  governor's  chair,  Governor 
Adams  faced  a  legislature  that  was  over- 
whelmingly republican.  While  the  repub- 
licans charged  that  the  democrats  had  com- 
mitted great  frauds  in  the  city  and  county 
of  Denver,  the  democrats  set  forth  that 
the  republicans  had  benefitted  by  extensive 
election  frauds  in  Huerfano  and  other  coun- 
ties in  the  southern  part  of  the  state.  In  the 
meantime  Governor  Adams  had  delivered  his 
third  inaugural  address,  and  was  proceeding 
with  the  administration  of  public  affairs.  On 
March  16,  1905,  the  republican  legislature, 
by  a  vote  of  55  to  41,  declared  that  Peabody 
was  elected,  but  ten  republicans  in  the  legis- 
lature voted  in  favor  of  Governor  Adams, 
who  received  the  solid  support  of  the  demo- 
cratic members.  Governor  Peabody  served 
but  one  day,  resigning  on  March  17,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Jesse  F.  McDonald,  the  republi- 
can lieutenant-governor. 

Governor  Adams  was  the  leading  candi- 
date for  United  States  senator,  before  the 
legislature  at  the  regular  session  of  1911. 
when  that  body  was  called  upon  to  fill  the 
vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Senator 
Charles  J.  Hughes  Jr.  It  was  a  long  and 
strenuous  fight  in  which  there  was  no  elec- 
tion, but  Governor  Adams  continued  his  lead 
to  the  end  of  the  session.  Governor  Adams 
is  one  of  the  great  leaders  of  his  party  in 
Colorado,  and  one  of  the  state's  most  gifted 
orators.  He  has  travelled  extensively,  and 
in  his  private  library  of  6,000  volumes,  are 
manv  rare  books. 

Governor  Adams  married,  in  1872,  Miss 
Ella  Nye,  a  gifted  and  cultured  lady  of  many 
graceful  accomplishments.  They  have  one 
son,  Alva  Blanchard,  born  Octber  29,  1875. 
a  graduate  of  Phillips  Academy,  Yale  col- 
lege, and  the  law  department  of  Columbia 
college,  New  York. 


—77— 


JOB  ADAMS  COOPER 


—78— 


JOB  ADAMS   COOPER. 


OOPER,  JOB  ADAMS,  late  governor  of 
Colorado  and  original  owner  of  the 
Cooper  building  in  Denver,  was  born  at 
Greenville,  Bond  county,  Illinois,  November 
6,  1843.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  Cooper, 
was  a  paper  manufacturer  in  Kent  county, 
England,  but  late  in  life  he  came  to  America 
with  his  family,  including  his  son,  Charles, 
the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  The 
elder  Cooper  died  in  Yolo,  California,  at 
eighty-nine  year  of  age. 

Charles  Cooper  was  fifteen  years  old  when 
he  arrived  in  America  with  his  father.  He 
learned  the  carriage  trade  at  Newark,  New 
Jersey,  and  when  twenty-two  years  old  he 
entered  the  lumber  business  in  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  Later  he  removed  to  Greenville,  Illi- 
nois. His  wife  was  Maria  Hadley. 

Job  Adams  Cooper  was  attending  Knox 
college  at  Greenville,  when  he  enlisted  in 
Company  C,  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-sev- 
enth Illinois  Infantry.  He  served  until  he 
was  mustered  out  the  latter  part  of  the  same 
year.  He  was  stationed  at  Memphis  when 
the  Confederate  general  Forest  made  his 
raid.  After  his  army  experience,  the  young 
man  returned  to  Knox  college,  from  which 
he  graduated  in  1865  with  a  B.  A.  degree. 
Three  years  later  his  alma  mater  conferred 
upon  him  the  Master  of  Arts  degree.  He 
entered  the  law  offices  of  Judge  S.  P.  Moore, 
at  Greenville,  and  read  law  until  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1867.  The  following 
year  the  future  governor  of  Colorado  opened 
a  law  office  in  his  native  city,  but  soon  after- 
ward he  was  elected  clerk  and  recorder  of 
Bond  county  and  served  in  that  position 
until  1872,  when  he  resigned  to  come  to  Den- 
ver. He  arrived  in  Denver  May  14,  1872,  and 
was  admitted  to  the  Colorado  bar  September 
1,  1872.  Immediately  he  formed  a  law  part- 
nership with  A.  C.  Phelps,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Phelps  and  Cooper.  Afterward  he 


became  interested  in  a  fire  insurance  com- 
pany, but  after  two  years'  experience  in  this 
he  was  given  a  position  with  the  German 
bank,  which  later  became  the  German  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Denver.  From  then  on  his 
ascent  was  rapid. 

A  few  men  had  begun  to  buy  Texas 
steers,  feed  them  on  the  ranches  of  Colorado, 
and  ship  them  to  the  eastern  markets.  Mr. 
Cooper  was  quick  to  see  the  possibilities  of 
this  business.  He  invested  heavily  in  Texas 
cattle  and  became  one  of  the  biggest  deal- 
ers. Oftentimes  he  shipped  as  many  as  two 
trainloads  of  cattle  from  Brush  on  one  day. 
In  1888  he  was  a  candidate  for  governor 
against  Thomas  M.  Patterson,  editor  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  News,  and  was  elected  with 
a  plurality  of  10,000  votes.  He  was  inaugu- 
rated governor  January  1,  1889.  On  his  re- 
tirement from  the  office  of  chief  executive, 
Governor  Cooper  began  the  erection  of  the 
Cooper  building,  one  of  the  finest  business 
blocks  in  Denver.  The  same  year  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, where  he  remained  until  he  retired  in 
1897.  He  built  his  residence  at  Grant  street 
and  Colfax  avenue  in  1888. 

Governor  Cooper  died  January  20,  1899. 
His  body  lay  in  state  in  the  Capitol  and  was 
viewed  by  thousands  of  his  fellow  citizens. 
At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  a  member 
of  the  board  of  capitol  managers. 

Governor  Cooper  was  married  September 
17,  1867,  at  Galesburg,  Illinois,  to  Jane  0. 
Barnes,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Romulus  E. 
Barnes,  one  of  the  early  Congregational  min- 
isters of  Illinois.  Four  children  were  born 
to  them.  They  are :  Olivia  D.,  wife  of  Ed- 
ward S.  Kassler;  Mary  Louise,  wife  of  Lu- 
cius J.  Storrs,  of  Springfield,  Mo. ;  Charles 
J.,  and  Genevieve  P.,  wife  of  Dwight  E. 
Ryland. 


—79- 


DAVIS  HANSEN  WAITE 


—80— 


DAVIS  HANSEN  WAITE. 


TT7AITE,  DAVIS  HANSEN,  governor 
'r  (1893-1894)  of  Colorado;  born  in 
Jamestown,  New  York,  April  9,  1825,  died 
1901;  was  the  son  of  Joseph  and  Olive 
(Davis)  Waite.  His  father,  Joseph  Waite, 
a  native  of  Vermont,  was  a  lawyer,  and  dis- 
trict attorney  of  Chautauqua  county.  He  re- 
moved to  New  York  with  his  wife  in  1815. 

Davis  H.  Waite,  the  son,  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  his  native  village  and 
at  Jamestown  Academy,  after  which  he  be- 
gan the  study  of  the  law  in  his  father's  of- 
fice. He  located  in  Fon  du  Lac,  Wisconsin, 
in  1850,  and  removed  to  Princeton,  that 
state,  in  1851,  where  he  engaged  in  merchan- 
dising. In  1856  he  was  elected  as  a  repub- 
lican to  the  legislature  of  Wisconsin.  In 
1857  he  removed  to  Missouri  and  became 
the  principal  of  the  Houston  high  school 
of  that  state.  Being  a  union  man,  he  left 
Missouri  at  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war, 
removing  to  Warren,  Pennsylvania,  and  then 
to  Jamestown,  New  York,  where  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar.  Mr.  Waite  then  became 
editor  and  part  proprietor  of  the  Chautau- 
qua Democrat,  a  republican  newspaper,  and 
later  the  Jamestown  Journal.  Removing  to 
Larned,  Kansas,  in  1876.  he  resumed  the 
practice  of  the  law,  also  engaging  in  ranch- 
ing. In  1879,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Kan- 
sas legislature  and  cast  the  deciding  vote 
that  re-elected  John  J.  Ingalls  to  the  United 
States  senate.  Then  removing  to  Leadville 
in  1879,  he  practiced  law  in  that  mining 
town  until  1881.  In  the  latter  year,  he  went 
to  Aspen,  where  he  resumed  the  law  prac- 
tice, and  edited  the  Union  Era,  a  reform 
labor  paper.  He  was  the  first  superintend- 
ent of  public  schools  in  Pitkin  county,  Colo- 
rado. 

Political  questions  which  led  to  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Populist  party,  were  agi- 
tated in  the  west,  and  Waite  became  a  fol- 
lower and  a  leader  in  the  advocacy  of  those 
principles. 

He  was  a  delegate  in  1892  to  the  St.  Louis 
conference,  that  organized  the  peoples  party, 
and  also  to  the  national  convention  of  that 
party,  held  in  Omaha,  July  4,  that  year, 
when  Weaver  and  Field  were  nominated  for 
president  and  vice-president.  On  July  27, 
1892,  he  was  nominated  for  governor  by  the 
peoples  party,  and  was  endorsed  by  the 
state  democratic  convention  held  in  Septem- 
ber. The  republicans  nominated  Joseph  C. 


Helm,  and  a  small  contingent  of  the  demo- 
crats, known  as  the  "white  wings",  placed 
the  name  of  Joseph  H.  Maupin  at  the  head 
of  their  ticket,  having  refused  to  follow 
the  endorsement  of  Waite.  After  a  heated 
and  memorable  canvass,  Waite  was  elected 
governor  of  Colorado  and  then  followed  one 
of  the  most  exciting  periods  in  the  state's 
history,  during  his  administration  (1893- 
1895).  Many  of  his  reform  measures  were 
opposed  by  a  hostile  legislature,  and  he 
called  a  special  session.  A  few  of  his  rec- 
ommendations were  enacted  into  laws.  Dur- 
ing his  administration  an  act  was  passed, 
submitting  a  constitutional  amendment,  later 
adopted,  which  gave  women  equal  suffrage 
in  Colorado.  At  this  time  the  silver  agita- 
tion was  at  its  height.  In  1894,  the  Cripple 
Creek  district,  then  in  El  Paso  county,  but 
now  in  Teller,  became  involved  in  a  strike. 
Governor  Waite  called  out  the  militia,  but 
soon  recalled  them ;  he  then  suggesting  ar- 
bitration. The  withdrawal  of  the  troops  was 
followed  by  strife  between  the  union  and 
non-union  miners.  The  mine  owners  ap- 
pealed to  the  sheriff,  and  several  hundred 
deputies  were  sent  to  his  aid  from  Denver. 
A  fight  ensued  between  the  strikers  and  dep- 
uties, in  which  one  of  the  deputies  was  killed 
and  several  wounded  on  both  sides.  The  gov- 
ernor again  called  out  the"  militia,  and  then 
recalled  them,  going  to  Cripple  Creek,  and 
there  addressing  the  miners,  attempted  a 
settlement.  But  in  the  meantime,  warrants 
had  been  sworn  out,  charging  certain  men 
with  having  blown  up  the  Victor  shaft  house. 
The  miners  fortified  Bull  Hill,  and  there  was 
continued  strife  and  agitation  for  some  time 
before  there  was  a  peaceable  settlement. 

Governor  Waite  was  also  involved  in  a 
"city  hall  war"  in  Denver,  in  which  the 
troops  were  called  out,  the  question  involved 
being  the  right  of  the  governor  to  remove 
members  of  the  fire  and  police  board.  About 
three  hundred  men  were  at  the  city  hall  to 
defend  it  from  the  troops,  and  the  citizens 
were  apprehensive.  Matters  were  quieted  by 
the  supreme  court  taking  jurisdiction,  and 
later  sustaining  Waite.  He  was  re-nom- 
inated for  governor(  but  was  defeated. 

He  married  first,  September  15,  1851, 
Frances  E.,  daughter  of  Robert  Russell,  at 
Sanquoit,  New  York.  They  had  three  child- 
ren. He  married,  second,  January  8,  1885, 
her  cousin,  Mrs.  Celia  Maltby,  and  of  this 
marriage,  was  born  a  son,  Frank  H.  Waite. 


—  81— 


ALBERT  WASHINGTON  McINTIRE 


—82— 


ALBERT  WASHINGTON   McINTIRE. 


X/T  T  NTIRE,  ALBERT  WASHINGTON, 
ACA  governor  of  Colorado,  born  Pitts- 
burg,  Pennsylvania,  January  15,  1853,  was 
the  son  of  Joseph  Philips  and  Isabel  (Wills) 
Mclntire.  His  grandfather,  Thomas  Mcln- 
tire,  was  engaged  in  the  transportation  busi- 
ness in  Maryland,  in  which  enterprise  he  was 
associated  with  his  brothers.  While  he  was 
serving  as  an  officer  with  the  volunteers,  in 
the  wor  of  1812,  their  property  was  de- 
stroyed when  the  British  burned  Washing- 
ton. His  paternal  ancestor  in  America  imi- 
grated  from  Ayreshire,  Scotland,  coming  to 
this  country  about  1745.  His  maternal  an- 
cestor came  from  Belfast  in  1790,  and  from 
England,  at  an  earlier  date.  Both  his  pater- 
nal grandfathers  fought  on  the  American 
side  in  the  revolution,  and  his  maternal 
grandfather  was  state's  attorney  in  Penn- 
sylvania. 

Albert  W.  Mclntire  prepared  at  Newell 
Institute,  a  private  academy  at  Pittsburgh, 
and  when  sixteen  years  of  age,  entered  Yale 
college,  from  which  he  was  graduated  with 
the  following  degrees:  A.  B.,  1873.,  and 
LL.  B.,  1875.  In  June  of  the  latter  year,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Connecticut  bar,  and  in 
the  following  November,  to  the  bar  in  Pitts- 
burgh, and  after  practicing  for  about  a  year 
in  the  latter,  he  removed  to  Colorado,  locat- 
ing in  Denver,  in  1876.  He  settled  in  1880, 
in  the  San  Luis  valley,  Colorado,  engaging  in 
mining  and  stock  ranching,  where  he  estab- 
lished a  ranch  of  4,000  acres.  From  1883  to 
1886,  he  was  county  judge  of  Conejos  coun- 
ty, having  been  nominated  by  both  republi- 
cans and  democrats ;  and,  although  a  repub- 
lican, he  was  elected  by  both  parties  to  that 
office.  At  the  end  of  the  three  years,  he  de- 
clined a  re-nomination,  returning  to  Ms  law 
practice  and  the  management  of  his  large 


ranch  interests.  He  adjudicated  (1889-91)  the 
water  rights  of  the  Twentieth  district.  Gover- 
norRoutt  appointed  him  judge  of  the  Twelfth 
district  in  1891,  and  he  continued  in  that 
position  until  he  was  nominated  for  governor 
in  1894,  by  the  republican  state  convention. 
He  was  elected,  defeating  Governor  Waite, 
who  had  been  renominated.  The  great  cry 
by  the  republicans  in  this  campaign  was  "re- 
deem the  state,"  in  the  attacks  made  upon 
the  Waite  administration.  His  plurality  was 
nearly  20,000,  and  he  served  during  the  bi- 
ennial term  of  1895-97.  The  tenth  general 
assembly,  which  convened  under  his  admin- 
istration, met  January  2,  1895,  and  was  the 
first  to  occupy  the  legislative  chambers  in 
the  new  capitol,  where  all  sessions  have  since 
been  held.  The  most  important  event  in  the 
general  assembly  was  the  re-election  of  Ed- 
ward 0.  Wolcott  to  the  United  States  senate. 
There  had  been  so  much  turmoil  and  agita- 
tion during  the  Waite  administration,  that 
by  a  quiet  conduct  of  public  affairs,  Governor 
Mclntire  enabled  the  state  to  recuperate 
from  the  excitement  and  bitterness  of  the 
past  two  years.  The  main  disturbing  in- 
fluence was  the  silver  question,  which  later 
split  the  republican  party,  and  raised  issues 
and  dissentions,  that  threatened  the  politics 
of  the  state  for  years  to  come. 

Governor  Mclntire  was  a  scholarly  gen- 
tleman, and  well  known  linguist.  He  could 
either  speak  or  read  German,  Spanish, 
French,  Latin  and  Greek. 

He  married,  first,  July  16,  1873,  Miss  Flor- 
ence, daughter  of  William  Sidney  Johnson  of 
New  York  City ;  married,  second,  June  26, 
1899,  Ida  Noyes  Beaver,  M.  D.  He  removed 
to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  in  February,  1899,  and  to 
Puget  Sound,  Washington,  December,  1900, 
and  now  resides  at  Everett,  that  state. 


—83— 


CHARLES  SPALDING  THOMAS. 


T'HOMAS,  CHARLES  SPALDING,  gov- 
A  ernor  of  Colorado  (1899-1901),  lawyer, 
born  December  6,  1849,  in  Darien,  Georgia, 
was  the  son  of  William  B.  and  Caroline  B. 
(Wheeler)  Thomas.  Although  born  in  the 
south,  he  is  of  northern  ancestry,  his  parents 


a  preparatory  school  in  Connecticut,  she  in 
the  meantime  having  removed  to  Michigan, 
where  she  died  in  1866.  In  1869,  Mr.  Thomas 
removed  to  the  latter  state  where  for  some 
time  he  was  employed  on  a  farm,  beginning 
the  study  of  law  at  Kalamazoo.  Entering 


CHARLES  SPALDING  THOMAS 


both  being  natives  of  Connecticut.  The  fam- 
ily is  of  Welsh  origin,  and  intermarried  with 
the  English.  His  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  Amos  H.  Wheeler  of  Bridgeport,  Connec- 
ticut. His  youth  was  spent  in  Macon,  Geor- 
gia, where  he  received  his  earlier  education 
in  the  private  schools.  His  father  died  when 
Charles  S.  was  but  four  years  of  age.  When 
fifteen  years  of  age,  his  mother  sent  him  to 


the  University  of  Michigan,  he  was  grad- 
uated from  the  law  department  of  that  insti- 
tution with  the  degree  of  L.L.  B.  in  1871, 
and  in  December,  that  year,  removed  to 
Colorado,  entering  the  law  office  of  Sayre 
&  Wright,  then  a  leading  law  firm  in  the 
west.  Later,  he  opened  a  law  office  for  him- 
self, and  in  1873,  formed  a  partnership  with 
Thomas  M.  Patterson,  continuing  until  the 


-84— 


election  of  Mr.  Patterson  as  territorial  dele- 
gate in  1874,  when  it  was  dissolved.  Mr. 
Thomas  was  city  attorney  of  Denver  in  1875- 
1876,  and  in  1879  resumed  his  partnership 
with  Mr.  Patterson,  Mr.  Thomas  removing 
to  Leadville,  where  he  remained  until  1885, 
attending  more  the  mining  litigation  of  the 
firm  in  that  great  mining  town.  In  the  lat- 
ter year,  he  returned  to  Denver  and  in  1890, 
dissolving  with  Mr.  Patterson,  he  became  the 
senior  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Thomas, 
Bryant  &  Lee,  which  continued  until  1893. 
The  firm  then  reorganized  as  Thomas,  Bry- 
ant &  Malburn,  and  has  since  been  enlarged, 
the  present  (1911)  name  being  Thomas,  Bry- 
ant, Malburn  &  Nye. 

Mr.  Thomas  has  made  a  specialty  of  min- 
ing litigation,  with  his  general  practive  of 
the  law,  and  from  the  time  he  opened  an 
office  in  Leadville  in  1879,  he  has  been  a 
prominent  figure  in  the  most  important  min- 
ing suits  in  Colorado,  and  throughout  the 
west.  From  the  hard  struggle  of  the  young 
lawyer,  he  advanced  by  degrees  to  more  lu- 
crative practice,  but  with  the  expensive  min- 
ing litigation  that  came  with  the  great  min- 
eral discoveries  in  Leadville,  Aspen,  Cripple 
Creek,  Creede  and  other  parts  of  the  state, 
the  services  of  Mr.  Thomas  were  and  are  still 
sought  in  all  the  most  important  and  diffi- 
cult mining  litigation.  From  this  source,  he 
soon  acquired  a  well-earned  fortune,  and  is 
now  in  the  prime  of  life  in  the  practice  of 
his  profession. 

He  wras  a  faithful  and  earnest  worker 
and  supporter  of  the  democratic  party  in 
Colorado,  when  it  was  a  republican  state, 
and  loyally  bore  more  than  his  share  of  the 
burden,  in  finally  bringing  about  those  vic- 
tories that  placed  his  party  in  power.  In 
1884  he  was  defeated  for  congress  on  the 
democratic  ticket.  For  twelve  years  he  was 
national  democratic  committeeman  from 
Colorado  (1884-1896).  In  1898,  he  was  nom- 
inated by  his  party  for  governor  and  was 
endorsed  by  the  silver  republicans  and  popu- 
lists and  was  elected  by  a  large  majority. 

No  governor  of  Colorado  ever  came  into 
office  facing  so  many  state  financial  diffi- 
culties as  were  forced  upon  Governor  Thom- 
as. The  state  institutions  were  sadly  in 
need  of  money,  the  revenues  having  run  far 
behind.  Through  his  recommendations,  and 
the  measures  he  advocated,  there  was  the  be- 
ginning of  a  retadjustment  of  the  state's 
finances,  and  the  outline  planned  for  more 
efficient  revenue  laws.  Governor  Thomas, 
although  in  hearty  sympathy  in  all  efforts 
to  raise  revenues  sufficient  to  support  the 
institutions  of  the  state,  yet  advocated  econ- 


omy in  its  use  and  expenditure.  During 
his  term  of  two  years,  there  was  not  time  to 
carry  out  all  his  views,  but  it  was  due  to 
his  executive  ability  and  influence  that  a 
good  start  was  made  that  placed  the  state 
income  upon  a  basis  commensurate  with  its 
needs.  Politically  speaking,  it  is  not  always 
a  popular  thing  to  encourage  the  enactment 
of  revenue  laws,  but  Governor  Thomas,  see- 
ing the  necessity  of  having  it  done,  pos- 
sessed the  nerve  and  courage  to  endorse  that 
policy,  and  made  his  view  of  the  condition 
of  affairs  so  plain,  that  he  received  the  en- 
dorsement of  the  masses  of  the  people  both 
as  to  the  rectitude  and  wisdom  of  his  admin- 
istration. 

Governor  Thomas  believes  in  good, 
strong  and  effective  platforms  upon  which 
candidates  should  stand  and  be  elected.  Al- 
though a  consistent  and  ardent  democrat, 
yet,  when  in  his  opinion,  his  party  is  in  error 
and  fails  to  meet  and  carry  out  a  policy  for 
the  best  interests  of  the  people,  he  is  quick 
and  ready  to  criticize  it  therefor. 

Governor  Thomas  has  for  many  years 
been  prominent  in  the  national  councils  and 
conventions  of  the  democratic  party.  Among 
other  strong  traits,  he  is  also  a  fair,  quick 
and  skilled  parliamentarian.  At  the  na- 
tional democratic  convention  held  in  Kan- 
sas City  in  1900,  he  was  the  temporary 
chairman.  His  address  was  eloquent  and  pa- 
triotic, dealing  with  the  issues  of  the  day  in 
an  able  and  logical  manner. 

During  the  session  of  the  eighteenth 
(1911)  general  assembly  of  Colorado,  he  was 
a  candidate  for  the  United  States  senate,  to 
fill  the  vacancy  caused  by  the  lamented 
death  of  the  late  Senator  Charles  J.  Hughes 
Jr.  Governor  Thomas  stood  with  the  high- 
est in  the  number  of  votes  received  for  that 
high  office,  but  owing  to  party  dissentions, 
there  was  no  election.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  University  and  Denver  Athletic  Clubs, 
Denver,  and  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Pythias. 

Governor  Thomas  married,  December  29, 
1873,  in  Kalamazoo,  Michigan,  Miss  Emma, 
daughter  of  Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Fletcher 
of  that  city.  During  his  term  as  governor, 
Mrs.  Thomas,  as  the  first  lady  of  the  state, 
filled  that  position  with  dignity  and  grace. 
Governor  and  Mrs.  Thomas  occupy  a  posi- 
tion of  high  social  standing,  and  whether  in 
public  or  private  life,  their  beautiful  Denver 
home  is  known  for  its  hospitality.  Five  chil- 
dren were  born  to  them :  Helen  (wife  of 
William  P.  Malburn),  Edith,  Charles  S.,  Hu- 
bert F.  and  George  K. 


—85— 


JAMES  BRADLEY  ORMAN 


JAMES  BRADLEY  ORMAN. 


ORMAN,  JAMES  BRADLEY,  governor  of 
Colorado  (1901-02),  railroad  builder 
and  financier,  born  in  Muscatine,  Iowa,  No- 
vember 4,  1849,  was  the  son  of  John  and 
Sarah  Josephine  (Bradley)  Orman.  He 
worked  on  his  father's  farm  and  attended  the 
public  schools  during  his  youth,  and  when 
twenty  years  of  age  came  to  Denver,  in  1869, 
depending  upon  his  own  energy  and  exer- 
tions to  push  his  way  up  in  the  world.  Den- 
ver was  then  the  center  of  railway  building 
and  activity,  and  with  shrewd  business  fore- 
sight, he  anticipated  the  need  of  horses  and 
draft  animals  for  the  completion  of  the  rail- 
roads then  in  course  of  construction  toward 
this  city.  Together  with  his  brother,  Wil- 
liam A.  Orman,  he  bought  and  sold  horses 
and  mules  at  a  good  profit.  In  the  fall  of 
1869,  the  Orman  brothers  were  awarded  the 
contract  for  the  construction  of  the  old  Kan- 
sas Pacific  (now  a  part  of  the  Union  Pacific 
system)  from  Sheridan,  Kansas,  to  Denver. 
This  work,  satisfactorily  performed,  was 
but  the  beginning  of  Mr.  Orman 's  long  and 
successful  career  as  a  railway  contractor  and 
builder  in  Colorado  and  the  west.  He  has 
constructed  more  miles  of  railroad  in  Colo- 
rado than  any  other  man  in  the  state.  He 
has  been  awarded  and  filled  many  contracts 
with  the  following  roads:  Kansas  Pacific, 
Denver  and  Rio  Grande,  Colorado  Midland, 
Canadian  Pacific,  Oregon  Pacific,  Elk  Moun- 
tain, Texas,  Santa  Fe  and  Northern,  Florence 
and  Cripple  Creek,  Crystal  River,  Colorado 
and  Northwestern,  Denver,  Northwestern  and 
Pacific  and  other  railroads.  Mr.  Orman  has 
also  constructed  some  of  the  largest  irrigat- 
ing canals  in  the  west.  As  he  began  to  accu- 
mulate wealth,  he  made  large  investments  in 
Pueblo,  Denver  and  Trinidad  real  estate,  also 
possessing  valuable  holdings  in  Huerfano 
county  coal  lands.  His  business  houses  and 
palatial  home,  which  he  erected  in  Pueblo, 
identified  him  with  that  city  as  one  of  its 
most  progressive  citizens.  He  was  interested 
in,  and  for  five  years,  was  the  president  of 
the  Pueblo  Street  railway,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers  in  1879.  He  also  be- 


came interested  in  the  Bessemer  irrigating 
ditch  and  additional  coal  properties  in  Pit- 
kin  and  Gunnison  counties,  and  mines  in 
Cripple  Creek.  The  government  canal  near 
Montrose  was  built  by  him,  and  he  became 
the  president  of  the  Bankers'  Consolidated 
Mines,  near  Ouray,  and  the  Oro  Hondo  mine 
m  Lead  City,  South  Dakota. 

Mr.  Orman,  early  in  his  career,  became  a 
dominant  figure  in  Colorado  politics,  as  one 
of  the  leaders  of  the  democratic  party.  For 
several  terms  he  was  a  member  of  the  Pueblo 
city  council,  and  in  1880  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Colorado  legislature,  being  re- 
elected  in  1882.  He  was  a  candidate,  in  1883, 
for  the  short  term  in  the  United  States  sen- 
ate (to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  Henry  M. 
Teller,  who  had  resigned  and  been  appointed 
secretary  of  the  interior), 'and  received  the 
unanimous  vote  of  the  democrats  in  the  legis- 
lature. The  democrats  were  in  the  minority, 
but  he  received  their  solid  vote,  and  from 
two  to  five  republican  votes,  receiving  on  one 
ballot,  twenty-seven  votes  and  within  three 
of  an  election.  He  declined  the  democratic 
nomination  for  governor  in  1888  and  1890, 
but  in  1900  accepted,  also  being  endorsed 
by  the  populists  and  silver  republicans,  and 
was  elected.  During  his  term  of  two  years, 
he  gave  the  state  an  honest,  conservative  and 
business-like  administration.  In  1892,  he 
was  a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic 
convention,  and  in  1897,  was; elected  mayor 
of  Pueblo.  When  mayor  of  Pueblo,  and  gov- 
ernor of  Colorado,  he  followed  and  carried 
out  those  principles  that  had  made  him  a 
successful  business  man. 

Governor  Orman  is  a  thirty-second  degree 
Mason,  and  prominent  in  that  order.  He  and 
his  wife  are  members  of  the  Episcopal  church 
and  are  among  the  most  prominent  in  social 
and  church  work  in  Pueblo. 

He*  married,  September  27,  1877,  Miss 
Nellie,  daughter  of  William  P.  Martin  of 
Pueblo.  Two  children  were  born  to  them: 
Frederick  B.,  graduate  of  Princeton  uni- 
versity, and  engaged  in  business  in  Pueblo; 
and  Edna  A.,  who  died. 


—87— 


JAMES  HAMILTON  PEABODY 


JAMES  HAMILTON  PEABODY. 


pEABODY,  JAMES  HAMILTON,  was 
•*  born  at  Topsham,  Orange  county,  Ver- 
mont, August  21,  1852.  His  father  was  Cal- 
vin Peabody,  farmer,  born  at  Salem,  Massa- 
chusetts, May  26,  1798,  died  at  Pueblo,  Colo- 


rado, April  22,  1879.  His  mother  was  Susan 
Lucinda  Turner,  born  at  Tunbridge,  Ver- 
mont, March  16,  1828,  the  daughter  of 
Charles  and  Lucinda  Turner. 

The  first  of  the  house  to  arrive  in  Ameri- 


—88— 


ca  was  Lieutenant  Francis  Peabody,  born 
in  1614.  He  was  a  resident  of  St.  Albans, 
Hertfordshire,  England.  He  was  one  of  the 
leaders  of  a  band  of  sturdy  colonists  who  left 
the  mother  country  to  found  a  new  nation 
in  the  land  of  promise  over  seas. 

When  twenty  years  of  age  Mr.  Peabody 
left  his  native  state  and  came  to  Colorado, 
reaching  Denver  October  20,  1872.  He  en- 
tered the  mercantile  business  immediately, 
and  in  1874  formed  a  partnership  under  the 
firm  name  of  Peabody  Brothers,  dry  goods 
merchants.  The  next  year,  1875,  he  went  to 
Canon  City,  becoming  associated  with  James 
McClelland  in  the  dry  goods  and  clothing 
business.  Under  his  direction  the  business 
prospered  so  that  in  1878  he  was  able  to  buy 
out  his  partner's  interest.  Thenceforth  until 
1885  it  was  continued  under  the  firm  name 
of  James  H.  Peabody  and  Company.  In  that 
year  he  disposed  of  his  mercantile  interests 
and  organized  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Canon  City.  He  was  elected  president  of  the 
institution  and  continued  at  its  head  until 
1908,  when  his  extensive  business  interests 
in  Denver  demanding  his  entire  time,  he  dis- 
posed of  his  bank  stock  and  retired  from  its 
management. 

While  Governor  Peabody  is  more  widely 
known  through  his  connection  with  politics, 
and  his  service  to  community  and  state  in 
various  offices,  he  has  also  a  splendid  name 
as  one  of  the  prominent  business  men  of  the 
state.  A  partial  list  of  his  activities  in  a 
business  way  shows  the  active  and  intelligent 
interest  he  took  in  the  development  and 
growth  of  the  cities  in  which  he  has  lived. 
He  organized  the  Canon  City  Water  Works 
Company  and  was  its  secretary  until  the 
plant  was  sold  to  the  city.  He  also  organ- 
ized the  Canon  City  Electric  Light  &  Power 
Company  and  was  its  president  until  it  was 
sold  to  the  Colorado  Light  &  Power  Com- 
pany. 

While  Governor  Peabody  has  been  essen- 
tially a  business  man,  he  has  always  taken  an 
active  interest  in  politics  and  the  business 
of  government.  Shortly  after  he  went  to 
Canon  City  he  was  made  city  clerk,  and  two 
years  later,  in  1880,  he  was  made  city  treas- 
urer. From  1882  to  1890  he  served  as  a 
city  alderman,  and  during  part  of  that 
time,  from  1885  to  1889  he  was  county  clerk 
and  recorder  of  Fremont  county.  The  es- 
teem in  which  he  was  held  by  his  fellow 
townsmen  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  con- 
currently with  his  other  positions  he  served 
as  president  of  the  school  board  from  1883 
to  1890. 

For  an  interval  of  several  years  he  re- 


tired from  politics  to  devote  himself  entirely 
to  his  increasing  business  affairs,  but  in  1898 
his  neighbors  again  called  upon  him  and  he 
was  made  mayor  of  Canon  City.  He  served 
for  two  terms  and  was  still  in  that  office  when 
the  republican  state  convention,  meeting  at. 
Denver  in  1902,  named  him  to  head  their 
ticket  in  the  general  elections  of  that  year, 
and  he  was  triumphantly  elected  governor, 
although  in  1900  the  democratic  candidate 
had  received  a  majority  of  about  15,000 
votes. 

Shortly  after  his  induction  into  office 
labor  troubles,  which  had  been  brewing  for 
some  time,  broke  out  at  Cripple  Creek,  Clear 
Creek,  Telluride  and  the  southern  coal  fields 
in  Las  Animas  county.  Business  became  un- 
settled and  numerous  outrages  were  perpe- 
trated. In  his  determination  to  preserve  or- 
der General  Peabody  ordered  the  national 
guard  into  the  field  in  the  several  districts 
and  kept  them  there  until  the  end  of  the 
troubles.  At  the  conclusion  of  his  first  term 
he  received  a  renomination  from  his  party 
and  won  re-election  at  the  polls  after  show- 
ing to  the  satisfaction  of  the  entire  state 
that  thousands  of  fraudulent  votes  had  been 
counted  against  him  in  Denver  county. 

Governor  Peabody 's  part  in  the  mem- 
orable contest  which  he  waged  at  that  time 
for  the  preservation  of  an  undefiled  ballot, 
won  for  him  the  grateful  commendation  of 
all  right  thinking  people.  It  was  Governor 
Peabody 's  action  which  broke  up  the  long- 
existing  crooked  election  conspirators  and 
landed  more  than  a  score  of  them  behind 
prison  bars.  Since  the  election  of  1904  an 
honest  count  has  been  the  rule  in  Denver. 

After  receiving  his  certificate  of  elec- 
tion from  the  legislature  Governor  Peabody 
resigned  the  office  on  March  17,  1905.  Since 
that  time  he  has  devoted  himself  to  his 
business  interests. 

Governor  Peabody  was  married  March 
19,  1878,  to  Frances  Lillian  Clelland,  daugh- 
ter of  James  Clelland  of  Canon  City.  They 
have  one  son  and  two  daughters:  James 
Clelland  Peabody,  Cora  May  Peabody  and 
Jessie  Anne  Peabody. 

Governor  Peabody  is  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Club. 

In  the  Masonic  order,  Governor  Peabody 
has  long  been  an  active  member,  has  filled 
every  election  office  in  both  subordinate  and 
grand  bodies;  has  been  a  member  of  the 
jurisprudence  committee  of  the  grand  lodge 
for  a  period  of  twenty-five  years  and  is  a 
thirty-third  degree  inspector  general  honor- 
ary of  the  Scottist  rite. 


—89— 


JESSE  FULLER  McDONALD 


—90— 


JESSE  FULLER  McDONALD. 


X/f cDONALD,  JESSE  FULLER,  mine  op- 
•*•  •*•  erator,  former  Governor  of  Colorado,  was 
born  June  30,  1858,  at  Asthabula,  Ohio,  son 
of  Lyman  M.  and  Caroline  Bond  McDonald. 
His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Benjamin  and 
Caroline  Bond.  His  earliest  American  an- 
cestors were  Robert  Cushman,  who  came  from 
England  and  settled  at  Plymouth,  Mass,  in 
1621,  and  James  McDonald,  a  native  of 
Scotland,  who  settled  in  Maine  in  1750.  His 
ancestors  on  both  sides  served  with  distinc- 
tion in  the  Colonial,  Revolutionary  and  Civil 
Wars.  The  McDonalds  are  a  long-lived  race, 
his  father,  born  in  1831,  living  to  the  age  of 
79. 

At  the  age  of  21,  Gov.  McDonald,  having 
enjoyed  the  advantages  of  a  sound,  practical 
education,  received  in  the  public  schools  and 
an  academy  in  his  native  state,  started  west 
and  joined  the  rush  to  Leadville.  From  that 
year,  1879,  down  to  the  present,  he  has  called 
the  Cloud  City  his  home,  except  for  two  years, 
1905-1906,  when  as  governor  of  his  adopted 
state,  he  resided  at  the  capital  city. 

In  1884  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
George  M.  Robinson  as  civil  and  mining  engi- 
neers. It  proved  a  profitable  association 
for  both. 

In  1887  he  became  general  manager  of 
the  Robinson  Consolidated  Mining  Com- 
pany's properties,  a  position  he  held  for  ten 
years.  His  mining  interests  at  the  present 
time  are  large.  He  is  owner  of  the  Penrose 
mine,  the  Harvard  and  others.  In  addition 
to  his  mining  ventures,  he  is  vice-president 


of  the  American  National  Bank  at  Leadviller 
and  Manager  of  the  Eli  Mining  &  Land  Com- 
pany. 

The  high  regard  in  which  Governor  Mc- 
Donald is  held  by  those  who  know  him  best  is 
testified  by  the  fact  that  for  three  successive 
terms,  from  1899  to  1905,  he  was,  as  a  Re- 
publican, elected '  mayor  of  the  Democratic 
city  of  Leadville.  From  the  Lake  county 
district,  also  Democratic,  he  was  elected 
state  senator  in  1902,  but  through  operation 
of  partisan  politics,  he  was  not  permitted  to 
retain  his  seat.  Political  justice  was  meted  to 
the  party  which  decreed  his  sacrifice  then,  for 
at  the  next  session  of  the  legislature  he  was, 
as  lieutenant  governor,  elected  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  body  to  which  he  had  been 
elected.  A  few  months  later  he  succeeded 
to  the  governor's  chair  and  gave  to  the  state 
of  Colorado  an  administration  that  still 
stands  as  a  model  of  business  capacity. 

In  1910  Governor  McDonald  was  called 
to  the  chairmanship  of  the  Republican  party 
organization.  In  the  face  of  many  adverse 
circumstances  he  won  victory  for  a  con- 
siderable number  of  his  party's  candidates  for 
office. 

Gov.  McDonald  married  April  26,  1890, 
Miss  Flora  S.  Collins.  They  have  no  children 
living. 

He  was  given  the  honorary  degree  of  Min- 
ing Engineer  by  the  Colorado  School  of 
Mines  in  1905. 

Gov.  McDonald  is  a  Mason,  Knight  Tem- 
plar, thirty-second  degree  Scottish  Rite, 
Shriner,  and  member  of  the  B.  P.  O.  of  Elks. 


—91— 


HENRY  AUGUSTUS  BUCHTEL 


HENRY  AUGUSTUS  BUCHTEL. 


gUCHTEL,  HENRY  AUGUSTUS,  clergy- 
man,  chancellor  of  the  University  of 
Denver,  and  former  governor  of  Colorado, 
born  near  Akron,  Ohio,  September  30,  1847, 
was  the  son  of  Dr.  Jonathan  B.  and  Eliza 


(Newcomer)  Buchtel,  grandson  of  Solomon 
and  Maria  (Reber)  Buchtel,  and  great  grand- 
son of  John  Buchtel,  the  progenitor  of  the 
family  in  America,  who  in  1753,  came  from 
Germany,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania.  This 


—92— 


John  Buchtel,  the  American  ancestor,  was  a 
man  of  learning,  an  astronomer,  and  was 
imbued  with  progressive  ideas.  John  R. 
Buchtel,  a  cousin  of  Governor  Buchtel's 
father,  built  and  equipped  Buchtel  college,  at 
Akron,  Ohio. 

In  1848,  Dr.  Jonathan  B.  Buchtel,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  removed 
from  Akron,  Ohio,  to  Indiana,  first  settling 
at  Elkhart,  and  later  at  South  Bend,  where 
the  future  governor  of  Colorado  received  his 
early  education,  mostly  in  private  schools. 
After  a  year's  study  at  Asbury  (now  De 
Pauw)  University,  he  spent  several  years 
in  business.  For  some  time  he  was  foreman 
of  the  country  order  department  of  a  whole- 
sale drug  house  in  Chicago,  and  subsequently 
held  a  partnership  in  a  wholesale  and  retail 
grocery  business  at  South  Bend,  Indiana. 
Meanwhile,  having  become  more  and  more 
interested  in  religion,  and  deciding  to  enter 
the  ministry,  he  resumed  his  work  at  the 
university  and  was  graduated  in  1872.  His 
career  is  shown  in  outline  as  follows :  A.  B. 
Asbury  (De  Pauw)  1872;  A.  M.  1875;  or- 
dained minister  in  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
church,  1872 ;  missionary  to  Bulgaria,  1873 ; 
pastor,  Greencastle,  Indiana,  1873-6 ; 
Knightstown,  Indiana,  1876-9;  Richmond, 
Indiana,  1879-82 ;  La  Fayette,  Indiana,  1882- 
1885 ;  Evans  chapel,  Denver,  Colorado,  1885- 
1886;  Trinity  church,  Denver,  Colorado, 
1886-91 ;  Central  Avenue  church,  Indianapo- 
lis, Indiana,  1891-6 ;  Calvary  church,  East 
Orange,  New  Jersey,  1897-9 ;  chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Denver  since  January  1, 
1900;  governor  of  Colorado,  1907-9. 

While  preaching  in  the  east  in  1899,  he 
was  recalled  to  Colorado,  to  become  chancel- 
lor of  the  University  of  Denver.  After  a 
vigorous  and  systematic  campaign,  he  raised 
$260,000,  clearing  the  property  of  all  mort- 
gage incumbrances,  but  all  floating  indebted- 
ness was  not  wiped  out  until  the  total 
amount  secured  was  one-third  of  a  million 
dollars.  At  this  writing,  November,  1911, 
the  total  amount  of  the  gifts  of  the  friends 
of  the  university  since  Chancellor  Buchtel 
came  into  service,  aggregates  two-thirds  of 
a  million  dollars. 

The  University  of  Denver  is  the  pioneer 
school  of  higher  learning  in  Colorado,  having 
as  many  graduates  as  the  University  of  Colo- 
rado and  the  State  School  of  Mines  com- 
bined. Since  the  beginning  of  his  adminis- 
tration, the  annual  attendance  was  greatly 
increased 

In  the  fall  of  1906,  the  republican  party 
of  Colorado,  in  an  emergency,  and  when  in 
need  of  a  strong  man  to  lead  their  ticket, 


offered  the  nomination  for  governor  to  Chan- 
cellor Buchtel  after  the  regular  nominee  had 
resigned.  As  a  preacher,  lecturer,  and  chan- 
cellor of  the  University  he  had  often  can- 
vassed the  state,  and  was  well  known  as  an 
orator.  He  made  a  vigorous  and  memorable 
campaign,  and  was  elected  by  a  majority 
approximating  20,000.  Governor  Buchtel 
was  inaugurated  in  Trinity  Methodist  Epis- 
copal church,  which  was  built  while  he  was 
pastor.  He  concluded  his  inaugural  address 
with  a  prayer  which  was  followed  by  the 
Lord's  prayer.  The  following  are  the  princi- 
pal events  of  his  administration :  all  appro- 
priations for  the  biennial  period,  as  well  as 
all  deficits  of  former  administrations,  were 
paid  in  full,  and  the  administration  turned 
over  to  its  successor  a  cash  surplus  of  three 
hundred  thousand  dollars.  The  sixteenth 
general  assembly  of  Colorado,  which  was  con- 
vened during  Governor  Buchtel's  term,  made 
a  splendid  record  in  the  wholesome  laws  that 
were  enacted.  Indeed,  every  pledge  of  the 
republican  party  was  fulfilled  in  the  record 
of  the  sixteenth  general  assembly.  No  other 
general  assembly  in  the  history  of  the  state 
can  boast  of  having  kept  all  the  promises 
made  during  the  political  campaign.  The 
laws  enacted  which  are  of  special  importance 
are  as  follows :  a  pure  food  law,  a  law  pro- 
viding for  the  inspection  of  building  and 
loan  associations,  a  civil  service  law,  laws 
establishing  state  employment  agencies,  a  ju- 
venile court,  and  detention  houses  for  child 
offenders,  one  of  the  best  local  option  laws 
adopted  by  any  northern  state,  a  law  to  pro- 
vide labor  for  prisoners  on  public  highways, 
and  a  meat  and  slaughter-house  inspection 
law,  as  well  as  enactments  regulating  bank- 
ing, insurance  and  railroads.  Retiring  as 
the  chief  executive  of  Colorado,  January  12, 
1909,  Governor  Buchtel  devotes  his  entire 
time  to  his  duties  as  chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Denver.  He  is  also  one  of  the 
leading  speakers  in  the  Chautauqua  field.  In 
1884  and  1900,  respectively,  his  alma  mater 
conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degrees  of 
Doctor  of  Divinity  and  Doctor  of  Laws. 

He  married,  at  Greencastle,  Indiana,  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1873,  Miss  Mary,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam N.  Stevenson  of  that  city.  They  have 
two  sons,  Dr.  Frost  Craft  Buchtel  and  Henry 
Augustus  Jr.  who  died  in  1901,  and  two 
daughters,  Emma  (Mrs.  William  G.  Lennox) 
and  Mary. 

Mrs.  Buchtel  comes  from  a  distinguished 
American  ancestry,  and  during  her  hus- 
band's term  as  governor,  she  honored  and 
dignified  the  position  she  held  as  the  first 
lady  of  the  state. 


—93— 


JOHN  FRANKLIN  SHAFROTH. 


SHAFROTH,  JOHN  FRANKLIN,  governor 
of  Colorado  (1909-1910,  re-elected  for 
1911-1912,  congressman  first  district,  Colo- 
rado, 1895-1904),  lawyer,  born  in  Fayette, 
Howard  county,  Missouri,  June  9,  1854,  was 
the  son  of  John  and  Anna  (Aull)  Shafroth. 
John  Shafroth  was  born  September  3,  1810, 
in  Switzerland,  and  when  a  young  man  came 


were  born  six  children:  Sophia,  William, 
Laura,  Louisa,  Carrie,  and  John  F.  Shafroth, 
the  latter  being  the  future  congressman  and 
governor  of  Colorado. 

John  F.  Shafroth  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and  then 
attended  the  University  of  Michigan,  from 
which  he  was  graduated  with  degree  of  B.  S. 


JOHN  FRANKLIN  SHAFROTH 


to  this  country,  settling  first  in  St.  Louis, 
where  he  remained  three  years.  He  then  re- 
moved to  Rocheport,  Missouri,  and  at  the  end 
of  a  year,  located  in  Fayette,  which  became 
his  permanent  residence,  where  he  died,  May 
8,  1866.  For  twenty-five  years,  John  Shaf- 
roth was  a  prominent  merchant  and  one  of 
the  leading  citizens  of  Fayette.  November  9, 
1840,  he  married  Anna  Aull,  and  to  them 


in  1875.  In  1909,  his  alma  mater  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  L.  L.  D.  Entering 
the  law  office  of  Samuel  C.  Major,  at  Fay- 
ette, he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1876,  and 
soon  thereafter  formed  a  partnership  with 
him,  continuing  the  practice  until  October, 
1879,  when  Mr.  Shafroth  came  to  Denver. 
Soon  after  his  arrival  in  this  city  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Judge  A.  W.  Brazee,  and 


about  two  years  later  became  a  member  of 
the  law  firm  of  Stallcup,  Luthe  &  Shafroth. 
In  1887,  Mr.  Shafroth  was  elected  city  attor- 
neney  of  Denver  on  the  republican  ticket, 
and  was  re-elected  in  1889,  serving  a  contin- 
uous period  of  four  years.  When  Mr.  Luthe, 
one  of  his  law  partners,  was  elected  district 
attorney  for  the  second  district  in  1882,  Mr. 
Shafroth  was  appointed  his  chief  deputy,  a 
position  which  he  filled  with  marked  ability 
for  three  years.  It  was  while  serving  in  the 
office  of  the  district  attorney,  that  Mr.  Shaf- 
roth developed  into  the  forcible  and  logical 
speaker  and  orator  for  which  he  has  since 
become  distinguished.  His  first  term  as  city 
attorney  was  ably  conducted  and  easily  as- 
sured him  a  re-election.  In  1887,  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  Judge  Platt  Rogers,  the 
firm  later  becoming  Rogers,  Shafroth  & 
Gregg. 

In  1894  Mr.  Shafroth  was  elected  to  con- 
gress on  the  republican  ticket,  in  the  first 
Colorado  district,  defeating  Lafe  Pence,  who 
had  been  re-nominated  by  the  populists.  It 
was  a  spirited  campaign,  in  which  he  won 
by  a  vote  of  forty-seven  thousand  seven  hun- 
dred and  ten  to  thirty-four  thousand  two 
hundred  and  twenty-three  for  Mr.  Pence.  In 
1896,  he  left  the  republican  party,  and  as- 
sisted to  organize  the  silver  republicans,  be- 
ing dissatisfied  with  the  republicans  on  the 
silver  and  other  questions.  In  the  campaigns 
of  1896,  1898  and  1900,  he  was  re-elected  to 
congress  as  a  silver  republican.  In  the  cam- 
paign of  1902,  he  ran  for  congress  as  a  dem- 
ocrat again  Robert  W.  Bonynge,  republican 
and  on  the  face  of  the  returns,  Mr.  Shafroth 
receiving  forty-one  thousand  four  hundred 
and  forty  votes,  and  Mr.  Bonynge  thirty- 
eight  thousand  six  hundred  and  forty-eight, 
the  latter  contesting  the  election  on  the 
charge  of  election  frauds  in  the  city  of  Den- 
ver. Three  days  after  examining  the  ballots, 
which  he  and  his  opponent  had  stipulated 
should  be  sent  to  congress  to  be  opened  for 
the  first  time.  Mr.  Shafroth  found  evidences 
of  fraud  and  not  wishing  to  retain  a  seat 
tainted  with  either  fraud  or  the  suspicion  of 
fraud  retired.  It  was  a  memorable  scene 
in  the  house  of  representatives,  when  Mr. 
Shafroth  arose  in  that  body,  briefly  ex- 
plained his  position  in  the  matter,  resigning 
February  15,  1904,  and  the  day  following  Mr. 
Bonynge  was  sworn  in  as  a  member  of  con- 
gress. 

In  1904,  he  was  the  democratic  candidate 
at  large  for  congress  on  the  democratic  tick- 
et, but  was  defeated  by  Franklin  E.  Brooks, 
republican,  of  Colorado  Springs,  yet  he  re- 
ceived a  large  vote,  polling  one  hundred  and 


twelve  thousand  three  hundred  and  eighty- 
three  as  against  one  hundred  and  twenty-one 
thousand  two  hundred  and  thirty-six  for  Mr. 
Brooks.  In  1908,  he  was  nominated  by  the 
democrats  for  governor  and  was  elected,  de- 
feating Governor  Jesse  F.  McDonald,  repub- 
lican by  a  vote  of  one  hundred  and  thirty 
thousand  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  to  one 
hundred  and  seventeen  thousand  three  hun- 
dred and  seventy.  He  was  re-elected  gov- 
ernor as  a  democrat,  in  1910,  defeating  for- 
mer state  senator,  John  B.  Stephen,  republi- 
can. 

During  the  session  of  the  legislature  in 
1911,  in  which  the  election  of  a  successor 
to  fill  the  unexpired  term  of  the  late  Senator 
Charles  J.  Hughes,  Jr.,  was  held,  he  refused 
to  enter  the  contest  for  United  States  Sen- 
ator, although  his  name  was  prominently 
mentioned  for  that  position. 

Governor  Shafroth  married,  October  26, 
1881,  in  Fayette,  Missouri,  Miss  Virginia, 
daughter  of  John  and  Eliza  Morrison,  her 
father  being  one  of  the  most  prominent  cit- 
izens of  Howard  county,  Missouri.  Her 
great-grandfather,  William  Morrison,  came 
from  Wales,  and  soon  after  his  arrival  in 
this  country,  settled  in  Jessamine  county, 
Kentucky,  and  married  Elizabeth,  daughter 
of  Alfred  Williams,  formerly  of  Virginia. 
Their  son,  Alfred  W.  Morrison,  the  grand- 
father of  Mrs.  Shafroth,  was  born  Novem- 
ber 25,  1802.  When  a  small  boy,  his  father 
died,  and  his  mother  married  Lawrence  J. 
Daley,  an  accomplished  teacher.  In  1820 
they  removed  to  Howard  county,  Missouri, 
where  Alfrew  W.  Morrison  was  for  ten 
years  county  surveyor,  also  sheriff,  and  in 
1851,  was  appointed  state  treasurer  of  Mis- 
souri to  fill  a  vacancy,  and  was  then  elected 
for  three  terms  to  that  position.  The  Shaf- 
roth, Morrison,  Talbot,  Ward,  Sebree,  and 
other  prominent  families  of  central  Missouri 
are  intermarried,  and  occupying  high  posi- 
tions of  honor  in  the  army,  navy,  and  public 
life.  Mrs.  Shafroth  is  a  cousin  of  Admiral 
Sebree,  recently  retired.  Of  this  same  family 
was  the  late  Ralph  Talbot,  regent  of  the 
State  University  of  Colorado,  and  Thomas 
Ward,  United  States  District  Attorney,  for 
Colorado,  and  manager  of  the  Denver  Times. 

Governor  and  Mrs.  Shafroth  have  the 
following  children:  John  F.  Shafroth,  Jr., 
graduate  (1908)  in  United  States  Naval 
Academy,  now  ensign  on  United  States  Bat- 
tleship Virginia;  Morrison  Shafroth,  gradu- 
ate of  Michigan  University,  1910,  admitted 
to  practice  law  in  Supreme  Court  of  Colo- 
rado in  1911 ;  William  Shafroth,  now  attend- 
ing Michigan  University. 


—95— 


HENRY  MOORE  TELLER. 


'T'ELLER,  HENRY  MOORE,  United  States 

A    senator,  secreary  of  the  interior,  born  at 

Granger,  Alleghany  county,  New  York,  May 


liam  (second),  had  a  son  William  (third), 
the  father  of  William  (fourth)  whose  son, 
Isaac  Teller,  M.  D.,  M*as  an  eminent  physi- 


HENRY  MOORE  TELLER 


23,  1830,  was  the  son  of  John  and  Charlotte 
(Moore)  Teller.  The  family  is  of  Dutch  ori- 
gin, Senator  Teller  being  the  seventh  in 
descent  from  William  Teller  from  Holland, 
the  first  of  the  name  in  this  country,  born  in 
1620,  coming  to  New  York  in  1639,  settling 
at  Fort  Orange,  where  the  King  of  Holland 
appointed  him  a  trustee  to  a  tract  of  land. 
He  married  Mary  Dusen,  and  their  son,  Wil- 


cian  in  New  York  City,  with  an  office  at  the 
corner  of  Chambers  street  and  Broadway. 
He  died  while  in  active  service  of  the  colonies 
as  a  surgeon  in  the  American  revolution.  He 
married  Rebecca  Remsen,  born  in  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  of  Dutch  parentage.  Of  this  mar- 
riage was  born  Remsen  Teller,  about  1769, 
who  became  a  resident  of  Schenectady,  New 
York.  He  married  Catherin  (of  Ballston 


—96— 


Spa,  New  York),  daughter  of  David  and 
Sarah  (DuBois)  McDonald,  the  latter  a 
daughter  of  Colonel  Louis  DuBois,  of  the 
revolutionary  war.  Their  son,  John  Teller, 
born  in  Schenectady,  New  York,  February 
15,  1800,  married  Charlotte,  born  in  Ver- 
mont in  1808,  daughter  of  AVillard  Moore, 
born  in  Vermont,  the  latter  removing  to 
Ballston  Spa,  New  York,  thence  to  Allegheny 
county,  that  state,  about  1821,  later  settling 
in  Rochester,  New  York,  in  1840.  John 
Teller  settled  on  a  farm  in  Allegheny  county, 
New  York,  thence  to  Girard,  Erie  county, 
Pennsylvania,  and  after  a  ten  years'  resi- 
dence there  removed  in  1862  to  Morrison, 
"Whiteside  county,  Illinois,  where  he  died  in 
1879,  his  widow  surviving  him  many  years. 

Their  son,  Henry  M.  Teller,  worked  on 
the  farm  and  attended  the  common  schools, 
and  later,  by  teaching,  earned  the  money  that 
enabled  him  to  attend  Alfred  university  and 
Rushford  academy.  Then  teaching  school 
again  for  a  short  time,  he  entered  upon  the 
study  of  his  profession  in  the  law  office  of 
Judge  Martin  Grover,  Angelica,  New  York, 
and  on  January  5,  1858,  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  at  Binghampton,  that  state.  Locating  at 
Morrison,  Illinois,  he  began  the  practice  of 
the  law,  continuing  from  1858  until  April, 
1861,  when  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Colorado, 
opening  a  law  office  in  Central  City.  Three 
years  later  he  was  joined  by  his  brother,  Wil- 
lard,  and  together  they  established  the  law 
firm  of  H.  M.  and  W.  Teller.  During  the 
Indian  troubles  in  1863,  he  was  appointed  by 
Governor  John  Evans  major  general  of  the 
Colorado  militia,  but  resigned  from  ihat  po- 
sition after  serving  two  years.  Senator  Tel- 
ler was  one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Colorado 
Central  railroad,  drafted  its  charter  in  1865, 
and  with  W.  A.  H.  Loveland,  presented  it  to 
the  legislature,  secured  its  passage  by  that 
body,  and  was  president  of  the  road  for  five 
years.  He  also  became  interested  in  mining 
and  other  enterprises,  in  addition  to  his  reg- 
ular practice  in  the  legal  profession. 

Originally,  Senator  Teller  was  a  demo- 
crat, the  same  as  his  father,  but  when  the 
republican  party  was  organized,  he  became 
one  of  its  adherents.  After  the  admission  of 
Colorado  as  a  state  in  1876,  he  and  Jerome 
B.  Chaffee  were  elected  United  States  sena- 
tors, Teller  drawing  the  short  term  of  three 
months,  that  expired  in  March,  1877.  He 
was  then  elected  for  the  full  term  of  six 
years  (1877-1883).  Although  a  new  member, 
he  was  at  once  placed  in  most  active  work, 
being  on  the  committee  of  privileges  and 
elections  that  was  sent  to  Florida  to  investi- 
gate the  frauds  of  1876;  and  in  1878  was 
made  chairman  of  a  special  committee  to  in- 


vestigate the  chcarges  of  election  frauds  in 
the  southern  states,  concerning  which  he 
made  a  careful  and  elaborate  report.  He 
also,  as  chairman  of  the  committee  on  civil 
service  and  retrenchment,  rendered  faithful 
and  efficient  service. 

In  April,  1882,  Senator  Teller  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  of  the  interior  by  President 
Arthur,  filling  that  position  with  marked 
ability,  until  the  expiration  of  the  presiden- 
tial term,  March,  1885.  The  day  following, 
he  again  took  his  seat  in  the  senate,  succeed- 
ing the  Honorable  N.  P.  Hill.  He  was  re- 
elected  to  succeed  himself  in  1891,  and  again 
in  1897,  his  work  and  influence  in  the  sen- 
ate increasing  with  each  session  of  that  body, 
being  either  chairman  or  a  member  of  most 
responsible  committees.  He  was  especially 
considered  and  recognized  as  an  authority 
on  public  lands,  and  other  questions  relat- 
ing to  the  west.  He  became  the  champion  in 
advocating  the  free  coinage  of  silver,  believ- 
ing that  the  demonetization  act  of  1873  had 
not  only  proven  disastrous  to  Colorado,  but 
to  the  entire  nation  as  well.  After  the  de- 
feat of  the  free  silver  issue  in  the  republican 
national  convention  held  in  St.  Louis  in  1896, 
Senator  Teller  and  his  followers  left  the 
convention  hall.  The  reception  that  he  re- 
ceived on  his  return  to  Denver  from  that  con- 
vention, was  even  more  brilliant  than  the 
one  given  him  on  his  return  in  1893,  after  his 
long  and  able  battle  in  behalf  of  free  silver. 
This  led  to  the  organization  of  the  silver  re- 
publicans in  Colorado.  In  1897  he  was  re- 
elected  to  the  senate  as  an  independent  and 
silver  republican,  and  in  1903,  as  a  demo- 
crat, thus  serving  four  terms  in  succession, 
1885-1909.  This  with  his  prior  record  in  the 
senate,  and  as  secretary  of  the  interior, 
lengthened  Senator  Teller's  long  and  dis- 
tinguished service  at  Washington  to  a  term 
of  thirty-three  years,  and  gave  him  recogni- 
tion as  one  of  the  leading  statesmen  of  this 
country.  He  is  now  a  member  of  the  mone- 
tary commission.  In  1886,  Alfred  university 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  L.  L.  D. 
He  ranks  high  in  masonry.  For  seven  years 
he  was  grand  master  for  the  state,  and  the 
first  grand  commander,  Knights  Templar,  Col- 
orado, and  attained  the  honorary  thirty-third 
degree  in  1866,  of  the  Scottish  rite,  and  be- 
came an  active  thirty-third  degree  in  1882, 
and  is  now  one  of  the  oldest  thirty-third  de- 
gree Masons  in  the  United  States. 

Senator  Teller  married,  June  7,  1862,  in 
Cuba,  New  York,  Miss  Harriet  M.,  daughter 
of  Packard  Bruce,  a  farmer  of  Alleghany 
county,  that  state.  They  have  three  children, 
all  born  in  Central  City,  Colorado :  Emma  A., 
John  Harrison  and  Henry  Bruce. 


—97— 


JEROME  B.  CHAFFEE 


—98— 


JEROME  B.  CHAFFEE. 


/CHAFFEE,  JEROME  B.,  United  States 
^**  senator,  born  in  Niagara  county,  New 
York,  April  17,  1825,  died  in  Salem  Center, 
Westchester  county,  New  York,  March  9, 
1886,  was  descended  from  Thomas  Chaffee, 
the  imigrant  ancestor,  who  came  to  New 
England,  where  in  1635,  he  was  living  and 
owned  land  in  Hingham,  Massachusetts.  His 
grandfather,  Otis  Chaffee,  born  in  Westmin- 
ster, Vermont,  and  married  Abigail  (died 
September  18,  1851,  aged  eighty-four) 
daughter  of  John  Abby,  fought  in  the  revolu- 
tion, serving  under  Major  Elkanah  Day  with 
the  Westminster  militia,  which  marched  on 
the  alarm  of  October  17,  1780,  when  Royal- 
ton,  Vermont,  was  burned  by  the  Indians, 
and  his  name  appears  with  the  rolls  of  other 
companies.  He  is  also  said  to  have  served 
in  the  war  of  1812,  and  died  in  Sackett's 
Harbor,  where  he  is  supposed  to  have  been 
killed  in  the  battle  in  that  place  May  29, 
1813. 

Senator  Chaffee  was  the  son  of  Warren 
(born  in  Vermont  January  22,  1797,  died  in 
Adrian,  Michigan,  July  27,  1863),  and  his 
first  wife,  Elizabeth  (daughter  of  John  Otto) 
Chaffee,  whom  he  married  in  Angelica,  New 
York.  Warren  Chaffee  was  a  farmer  and 
for  a  time  lived  in  Lockport,  New  York,  and 
later  removed  with  his  family  to  Adrian, 
Michigan. 

Jerome  B.  Chaffee,  the  son,  married  in 
Adian,  Michigan,  September  24,  1848,  Mir- 
iam Barnard,  daughter  of  Warner  M.  and 
Mary  (Perry)  Comstock,  of  that  place.  She 
was  born  in  Lockport,  New  York,  September 
28,  1829,  and  died  November  11,  1857,  and 
was  buried  in  Adrian.  Four  children  were 
born  of  this  marriage,  three  dying  in  in- 
fancy, and  the  fourth  and  youngest,  Fannie 
Josephine  Chaffee,  born  in  Adrian,  January 
16,  1857,  so  well  known  in  her  girlhood  in 
Colorado,  married  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  Jr.,  son 
of  the  famous  general  and  President  Ulysses 
S.  Grant.  They  formerly  made  their  home 
in  New  York  City,  but  since  1893,  resided 
in  San  Diego,  Califoria,  where  Mr.  Grant  is 
a  lawyer  and  also  engaged  in  real  estate 
business.  Five  children  were  born  of  this 
marriage:  Miriam,  Chaffee,  Julia  Dent, 
Fannie  and  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  the  fourth.  It 
was  in  the  beautiful  country  home,  Salem, 
New  York,  given  by  him  to  his  daughter, 
Mrs.  U.  S.  Grant,  Jr.,  that  Senator  Jerome 
B.  Chaffee  died  of  acute  laryngitis. 

Senator    Chaffee    received    an    academic 


education  in  the  Lockport  (New  York) 
schools,  and  moved  to  Adrian  Michigan,  in 
1844,  where  he  taught  school,  and  sras  a 
clerk  in  a  store.  For  about  three  years  he 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  at  Li- 
gonier,  Indiana,  and  returning  to  Adrian, 
was  employed  in  a  bank,  and  for  a  time  was 
in  the  service  of  the  Michigan  Southern  & 
Northern  Indiana  Railroad  Company.  About 
1856,  he  was  a  banker  at  St.  Joseph,  Missou- 
ri, and  in  1857,  was  secretary  and  manager 
of  the  Elmwood  Town  Company,  in  Kansas. 
In  1859,  he  formed  a  partner  ship  with  Eben 
Smith,  who  had  recently  returned  from 
California,  and  was  building  a  quartz  mill  in 
Leavenworth,  to  take  to  Colorado.  Mr. 
Chaffee  came  in  February,  1860,  and  Mr. 
Smith  followed  with  the  mill,  in  May,  that 
year.  They  began  operations  in  Lake  Gulch, 
Gilpin  county,  with  the  Chaffee  &  Smith 
stamp  mill.  Senator  Chaffee  then  became 
generally  interested  in  mining,  organizing 
and  becoming  one  of  the  largest  owners  in 
the  Bobtail  Company.  He  was  interested 
in  the  Caribou  mine,  in  Boulder  county,  and 
was  one  of  the  principal  owners  of  the  Little 
Pittsburg  Consolidated  Mining  Company. 
He,  Eben  Smith  and  others  bought  the  bank- 
ing interest  of  Clark,  Gruber  &  Company, 
and  organized  the  First  National  Bank  of 
Denver,  of  which  he  was  president  until 
1880. 

Senator  Chaffee  was  a  republican,  and  a 
leader  in  politics.  He  represented  Gilpin 
county  in  the  legislature  in  1861-3,  being 
speaker  of  the  house  the  latter  year.  Under 
an  enablying  act  of  congress  the  people  or- 
ganized a  state  government  in  1865,  and  Mr. 
Chaffee  and  Governor  John  Evans  were 
elected  United  States  senators.  The  state- 
hood bills  of  both  1865-6  and  1867-8,  were 
vetoed  by  President  Johnson,  and  Chaffee 
and  Evans  prevented  from  taking  their  seats 
in  the  senate.  In  1870  he  was  elected  terri- 
torial delegate  to  congress,  and  re-elected  in 
1872.  After  Colorado's  admission  as  a  state 
in  1876,  Jerome  B.  Chaffee  and  Henry  M. 
Teller  were  elected  United  States  senators, 
Mr.  Chaffee  drawing  the  short  term,  which 
expired  March  4,  1879.  Although  he  lost 
heavily  in  the  Grant-Ward  failure  in  New 
York,  yet  Senator  Chaffee  left  a  large  for- 
tune. He  was  buried  in  Adrian,  Michigan, 
beside  his  wife  and  three  children.  He  was 
one  of  Colorado's  greatest  leaders,  and  his 
name  is  indelibly  written  in  the  history  and 
founding  of  the  state. 


—99— 


NATHANIEL  PETER  HILL 


NATHANIEL  PETER  HILL. 


,  NATHANIEL  PETER,  United 
States  senator,  born  in  Orange  county, 
New  York,  February  18,  1832,  died  in  Den- 
ver, Colorado,  May  22,  1900,  was  descended 
from  a  highly  connected  Colonial  family  of 
New  York  state.  His  grandfather,  Captain 
Peter  Hill  (1751-1795),  was  captain  of  a  min- 
ute company  for  Hanover  precinct,  Ulster 
county,  New  York,  in  1775.  He  was  in  com- 
mand of  his  company,  with  two  lieutenants 
and  sixty-five  men,  on  duty  at  Fort  Constitu- 
tion, February  13,  1776,  and  was  at  Fort 
Montgomery,  October  6,  1777.  Senator  Hill's 
father,  of  the  same  name,  was  an  extensive 
farmer  and  served  as  representative  in  the 
general  assembly  of  New  York,  and  was 
county  judge  for  several  years. 

Senator  Hill,  the  third  of  seven  children, 
was  reared  on  the  old  homestead,  three  miles 
east  of  Montgomery,  which  was  first  occupied 
by  his  grandfather,  Captain  Peter  Hill,  in 
1779.  After  his  father's  death,  he  later  suc- 
ceeded his  brother,  James  K.  Hill,  in  the 
management  of  the  farm,  at  the  same  time  at- 
tending Montgomery  Academy.  He  was  grad- 
uated from  Brown  university,  Providence, 
Rhode  Island,  in  1857,  and  was  professor  of 
chemistry  there,  1859-1864,  but  before  grad- 
uation, having  made  such  progress  in  his  fa- 
vorite study,  that  he  had  been  appointed  as- 
sistant to  the  professor  in  chemistry.  In 
July,  1860,  he  married  Miss  Alice  Hale,  born 
in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  in  January, 
1840,  who  died  in  Denver,  July  19,  1908.  Her 
family  is  of  the  same  heroic  New  England 
stock  as  Nathan  Hale,  the  patriot,  who  re- 
gretted that  he  had  but  one  life  to  give  his 
country.  Mrs.  Hill  will  always  be  remem- 
bered for  her  patriotic  and  philanthropic 
work  in  Denver.  She  is  best  known  as  the 
creator  of  the  kindergarten  system  in  Den- 
ver, and  for  the  aid  she  gave  in  the  building 
of  the  home  for  the  Young  Women's  Chris- 
tian Association.  For  twenty  years  she  was 
the  Colorado  regent  of  the  Mount  Vernon 
Ladies  Association.  Senator  and  Mrs.  Hill 
have  both  passed  away,  but  in  the  social  and 
all  those  higher  spheres  of  life,  that  stimulate 
true  manhood  and  womanhood,  their  names 
will  be  cherished  in  Colorado.  Three  child- 
ren survive  them:  Crawford  Hill  (q.  v.), 
Mrs.  Franklin  Price  Knott  and  Mrs.  Lucius 
M.  Cuthbert, 


in  chemistry  and  metallurgy  at  Brown  Uni- 
versity, influenced  certain  capitalists  of  Prov- 
idence and  Boston  to  seek  his  services,  and  at 
their  request,  he  came  to  Colorado  in  1864,  to 
investigate  the  mineral  and  agricultural  re- 
sources of  the  Grilpin  grant.  Before  return- 
ing he  visited  Gilpin  county,  where  he  was 
impressed  with  the  wasteful  methods,  then 
used,  in  the  treatment  of  Colorado  ores.  Then 
he  conceived  the  founding  of  the  great  re- 
duction and  smelting  works  which  were  later 
established  in  this  state,  that  successfully 
treated  the  refractory  ores.  He  again  visited 
Colorado  twice  in  1865,  and  then  made  two 
trips  to  Europe,  investigating  the  methods 
used  at  Swansea,  Freiberg  and  other  places, 
in  the  treatment  of  gold  and  silver  ores.  Sat- 
isfying himself  of  the  feasibility  of  smelting 
the  products  of  the  Colorado  mines,  in  a  trip 
to  this  state  in  1866  he  returned  east,  and 
Boston  and  Providence  capitalists  quickly 
subscribed  two  hundred  and  seventy-five 
thousand  dollars  for  the  Boston  and  Colo- 
rado Smelting  Company,  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1867.  The  company  began  smelting  in 
Black  Hawk  in  January,  1868.  The  business 
grew  and  prospered,  the  plant  enlarged,  and 
in  1873,  a  branch  was  established  at  Alma, 
Colorado.  Products  now  being  received 
from  all  parts  of  the  mining  west,  the  capi- 
tal stock  was  increased  to  one  million  dol- 
lars, and  the  larger  establishment  built  at 
Argo,  in  the  suburbs  of  Denver.  He  became 
interested  in  the  United  Oil  Company,  which 
handled  the  larger  part  of  the  oil  output  at 
Florence,  Colorado.  He  was  president  of  the 
Colorado  Smelting  and  Refining  Company, 
the  Denargo  Land  Company,  and  many  en- 
terprises, linked  with  the  development  of 
the  west  and  was  the  owner  of  the  Denver 
Republican. 

Senator  Hill  was  a  republican,  and  soon 
became  a  leader  in  his  party  and  although  a 
man  of  wealth,  began  a  fight  on  monopolies. 
He  was  mayor  of  Black  Hawk  in  1871 ;  mem- 
ber of  territorial  council,  1872-3;  and  was 
elected  United  States  senator  for  six  years, 
his  term  beginning  March  4,  1879,  when  he 
succeeded  Jerome  B.  Chaffee.  In  the  senate 
he  became  prominent  as  a  leader.  After  his 
retirement  from  that  body,  because  of  his 
learning  and  ability  President  Harrison,  in 
1891,  appointed  Senator  Hill  one  of  the  three 
members  of  the  international  monetary  corn- 


Senator  Hill's  high  record  for  proficiency     mission. 


GEORGE  M.  CHILCOTT 


—102— 


GEORGE  M.  CHILCOTT. 


CHILCOTT,  GEORGE  M.,  United  States 
Senator  for  Colorado  (1882-1883;  Terri- 
torial Delegate,  1867-1869,  to  Congress),  was 
born  in  Trough  Creek  Valley,  Huntingdon 
county,  Pennsylvania,  January  2,  1828,  and 
died  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  March  6,  1891. 
He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  attended  the 
country  schools.  His  parents  removed  to 
Jefferson  county,  Iowa,  in  the  spring  of  1844, 
where  he  worked  on  a  farm  for  about  two 
years.  Later,  he  taught  school  and  studied 
medicine,  until  the  spring  of  1850.  Mr.  Chil- 
cott  was  elected  sheriff  of  Jefferson  county, 
on  the  whig  ticket,  in  1853,  serving  one 
term.  Removing  to  Burt  county,  Nebraska, 
in  1856,  he  was  elected  that  same  year,  from 
Burt  and  Cummings  counties  to  the  lower 
house  of  the  legislature,  as  a  republican.  He 
started  for  the  "Pike's  Peak  Country"  in 

1859,  arriving  in  Denver  in  May,  that  year, 
He  then  became  a  prospector  during  the  sum- 
mer months.    In  the  fall,  he  was  elected  from 
the  town  of  Arapahoe,  to  the  constitutional 
convention,  which  met  in  Denver.     Return- 
ing to  Nebraska,  he  brought  his  family  to 
Denver  early  the  following  year.    A  part  of 

1860,  he  spent  on  Cherry  creek,  where  he 
had  an  interest  in  a  saw  mill,  and  in  October, 
removed  to  Pueblo  county.    One  of  his  early 
and  most  trying  misfortunes,  in  the  pioneer 
days,  was  the  theft  of  his  team,  wagon,  and 
other  property,  by  a  friend  Avhom  he  had  im- 
plicitly trusted.     Left  penniless,  he  worked 
for  wages  on  a  farm  for  a  time  to  get  a  start. 
In  1861-1862,  he  engaged  in  ranching,  and  in 
1863,  settled  twelve  miles  east  of  Pueblo,  on 
a  farm  of  his  own.    Mr.  Chilcott  was  a  mem- 
ber from  Pueblo,  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
Colorado  Territorial  legislature,  in  1861  and 
1862,  the  same  being  the  first  and  second 
sessions  of  that  body.    In  1863,  he  was  ap- 
pointed by  President  Lincoln,  register  of  the 
United  States  land  office  for  the  district  of 
Colorado,    the   office  first   being   located  in 
Golden,  and  later  in  Denver.    After  holding 
this  position  four  years,  he  was  elected  a 
member  of  congress  in  1866,  under  the  state 
organization,  but  owing  to  the  veto  messages 
of  President  Johnson,  Colorado  was  not  ad- 
mitted as  a  state,  and  Mr.  Chilcott  was  de- 
nied a  seat  in  congress.     In  1867,  he  was 
elected  to  congress  as  a  territorial  delegate, 
and  served  one  term,  exerting  a  wide  influ- 
ence in  behalf  of  the  good  of  this  region. 
Through  his  influence,  the  postal  law,  which 
was  excessive  on  printed  matter  from  the 
east,  was  repealed,  and  he  also  secured  an 
appropriation  for  the  payment  of  the  militia 
that  had  served  in  recent  Indian  campaigns. 


He  was  successful  in  defeating  the  attempt 
of  the  secretary  of  the  treasury,  who  endeav- 
ored to  weaken  or  abolish  the  Denver  mint, 
and  obtained  an  appropriation  therefor,  de- 
spite the  heavy  opposition  against  him. 
Through  his  skillful  management,  land  offices 
were  established  in  the  mining  camps,  and 
an  appropriation  made  for  the  survey  of 
Colorado  by  Professor  F.  V.  Hayden,  whose 
published  reports  on  the  Rocky  Mountain  re- 
gion are  of  great  historical  and  scientific 
value.  He  was  especially  active  in  promoting 
the  passage  of  bills  that  assisted  in  the  com- 
pletion of  the  Denver  Pacific  and  Kansas 
Pacific  railroads.  Much  needed  surveys  were 
also  possible  through  his  influence  in  obtain- 
ing appropriations  for  that  purpose.  From 
3872  until  1876,  he  was  a  member  of  the  ter- 
ritorial council  (senate)  and  was  president 
of  that  body  during  his  first  term.  Mr.  Chil- 
cott was  a  member  of  the  lower  house  from 
Pueblo,  in  1878,  and  during  the  session  of 
1878-1879,  he  was  a  prominent  candidate  for 
United  States  Senator,  at  the  time  of  the 
election  of  N.  P.  Hill.  In  1882,  when  Sen- 
ator Henry  M.  Teller  resigned  from  the 
senate  to  become  secretary  of  the  interior 
in  President  Arthur's  cabinet,  Governor  Pit- 
kin  appointed  Mr.  Chilcott  to  fill  the  va- 
cancy, until  the  meeting  of  the  legislature 
in  1883.  When  that  body  was  convened, 
Lieutenant  Governor  Horace  A.  W.  Tabor 
was  elected  to  fill  the  remainder  of  the  un- 
expired  term  of  Senator  Teller,  and  Judge 
Thomas  M.  Bowen  was  then  elected  for  the 
full  term  of  six  years  to  succeed  Senator 
Tabor. 

In  1884,  Senator  Chilcott  was  elected  state 
senator  from  Pueblo  county  for  a  term  of 
four  years,  serving  in  the  sessions  of  1885 
and  1887.  During  his  long  and  honorable 
public  service  in  Colorado,  he  was  a  staunch 
republican.  He  was  one  of  the  eminent  men 
of  Colorado 's  early  history.  He  accumulated 
considerable  property,  and  was  also  inter- 
ested in  Pueblo  real  estate.  He  erected  the 
old  Fifth  Avenue  hotel,  the  first  good  hotel 
in  Pueblo,  also  built  the  Chilcott  block,  and 
made  other  investments.  It  was  through  his 
influence,  that  the  state  insane  asylum  was 
established  in  that  city. 

During  the  last  few  years  of  his  life  he 
was  much  crippled  by  rheumatism,  and  it 
was  while  visiting  St.  Louis  for  the  treat- 
ment of  this  ailment  that  he  passed  away. 

Senator  Chilcott  married,  March  21,  1850, 
Miss  Jennie  Cox,  and  to  them  were  born 
three  sons  and  one  daughter. 


—103— 


HORACE  AUSTIN  WARNER  TABOR 


HORACE  AUSTIN  WARNER  TABOR. 

''TABOR,    HORACE    AUSTIN    WARNER,  Colorado,  April  10,  1899,  was  the  son  of  Cor- 

United    States    senator    from    Colorado  nelius  D.  and  Sarah  (Terrin)  Tabor,  and  was 

(February  1,  1883,  until  March  3,  1883 ;  lieu-  descended    from   prominent    colonial   ances- 

tenant  governor,  Colorado,  1879-1883)  min-  try.    He  came  from  a  family  of  soldiers.    Af- 

ing,  born  at  Holland,  Orleans  county,  Ver-  ter  receiving  a  common  school  education,  he 

mont,  November  26,  1830,  died  in  Denver,  learned  the  stone  cutter's  trade,  which  he 


—104— 


followed  until  twenty-five  years  of  age,  a 
part  of  the  time  residing  in  Massachusetts. 
Removing  to  Kansas  in  3855,  he  engaged  in 
farming,  and  became  a  prominent  leader  in 
the  free  soil  party,  and  was  active  in  politics 
during  the  border  ruffian  troubles.  He  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
Kansas  legislature  in  1856,  which  was  dis- 
persed by  Colonel  Sumner,  under  direction 
of  President  Pierce.  Remaining  in  Kansas 
until  1859,  he  crossed  the  plains  to  Colorado 
in  that  year,  attracted  by  the  rich  discover- 
ies of  gold  that  had  been  made  in  this  re- 
gion. He  earned  his  first  wages  as  a  gold 
miner  in  the  vicinity  of  the  present  site  of 
Idaho  Springs,  and  spent  the  winter  of  1859- 
1860  in  Auraria  (now  AVest  Denver).  In  the 
spring  of  1860,  he  went  to  Independence 
Gulch,  and  after  unsatisfactory  results  in 
prospecting  at  the  mouth  of  Cache  creek,  he 
followed  the  rush  to  California  gulch,  where 
rich  gold  placers  had  been  discovered  in  the 
vicinity  of  what  about  twenty  years  later, 
became  the  great  carbonate  silver  mining 
camp  of  Leadville.  Here  he  remained,  en- 
gaged in  mining  and  merchandizing,  the  first 
year  making  from  $5,000  to  $8,000,  and  the 
second,  about  $15,000.  His  first  mining  in 
California  Gulch  was  near  the  Discovery.  In 
1865,  he  removed  to  Buckskin  Joe,  a  booming 
mining  camp  in  Park  county,  where  he 
opened  a  miner's  supply  store,  and  also 
served  as  postmaster.  Returning  to  Califor- 
nia Gulch  in  1868,  he  opened  a  little  later  a 
store  in  Oro  City  and  was  also  postmaster, 
but  removed  to  New  Oro,  when  the  old  town, 
which  had  at  one  time  boasted  of  a  popula- 
tion of  about  eight  thousand,  became  almost 
deserted.  In  the  fall  of  1877,  he  returned  to 
what  is  now  Leadville,  continuing  in  busi- 
ness as  a  merchant ;  and  also  engaged  in  min- 
ing. Through  a  grubstake  to  August  Rische 
and  George  T.  Hook,  the  Little  Pittsburgh 
was  discovered  at  Leadville,  in  May,  and 
during  the  first  half  of  July,  the  mine  was 
yielding  eight  thousand  dollars  a  week.  This 
property  was  combined  with  others,  and  Ta- 
bor sold  his  interest  for  one  million  dollars. 
He  then  made  other  investments,  purchasing 
eight  hundred  and  ninety  shares,  being  near- 
ly half  the  share  of  the  First  National  Bank, 
Denver.  He  bought  the  Matchless  mine  in 
Leadville,  and  other  valuable  properties  in 
that  camp,  extending  his  operations  into  the 
San  Juan  and  other  parts  of  the  state,  and 
also  into  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  old  Mex- 
ico. He  also  made  large  mining  investments 
with  Marshall  Field  of  Chicago.  For  a  time, 
the  Matchless  yielded  him  two  thousand  dol- 
lars a  day,  which  with  other  incomes,  made 


him  one  of  the  leading  millionaires  of  the 
west.  He  was  public  spirited  in  his  invest- 
ments. The  Tabor  opera  house  at  Leadville 
was  erected  by  him  at  a  cost  of  seventy- 
eighty  thousand  dollars.  He  was  one  of  the 
chief  promotors  of  the  water  works  system 
for  Leadville,  and  was  one  of  the  incorpora- 
tors  of  the  Leadville  Gas  Company,  and  was 
liberal  in  his  gifts  to  the  fire  department,  the 
Tabor  hose  company  being  named  in  his  hon- 
or. He  was  mayor  of  Leadville  in  1878-79, 
and  lieutenant  governor  of  Colorado,  1879- 
1883.  Later,  making  his  residence  in  Den- 
ver, he  made  heavy  real  estate  investments 
in  the  latter  city,  being  the  first  to  erect 
the  more  costly  buildings.  At  the  corner  of 
Sixteenth  and  Larimer  streets,  on  the  site 
of  the  old  Broadwell  house,  he  erected  the 
handsome  Tabor  block.  On  the  corner  of 
Sixteenth  and  Curtis  streets,  Denver,  he  built 
the  costly  Tabor  opera  house,  which  at  the 
time,  was  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  en- 
tire country.  He  owned  other  valuable  real 
estate  investments  in  Denver,  including  the 
old  family  residence  of  Henry  C.  Brown,  and 
La  Veta  place  and  on  the  site  of  the  latter 
now  stands  the  Denver  public  librae.  At 
one  time  he  owned  the  corner  of  Sixteenth 
and  Arapahoe,  where  was  later  erected  the 
present  postoffice. 

When  Senator  Henry  M.  Teller  became  a 
member  of  President  Arthur's  cabinet  in 
1882,  Senator  George  M.  Chilcott  was  ap- 
pointed by  Governor  Pitkin  to  fill  the  vacan- 
cy, but  when  the  legislature  was  convened, 
Tabor  was  elected  to  fill  the  remainder  of 
the  term  from  February  1,  1883,  to  March 
3,  1883. 

Senator  Tabor  also  made  heavy  invest- 
ments in  Honduras,  obtaining  a  great  of  e,v- 
ery  alternate  section  of  land  for  four  hun- 
dred miles  on  the  Patook  river,  which  includ- 
ed extensive  groves  of  mahogany  and  other 
valuable  woods,  plantations  of  tropical  fruits 
and  tracts  with  deposits  of  gold,  silver  and 
coal,  and  also  one  hundred  and  fifty  square 
miles  of  mineral  lands  in  the  interior  of  Hon- 
duras. He  also  was  interested  in  vast  tracts 
of  land  in  southern  Colorado  and  in  Texas. 
At  one  time,  Senator  Tabor  was  estimated  to 
be  worth  ten  million  dollars.  Some  unfor- 
tunate investments,  together  with  the  panic 
of  1893,  swept  away  his  fortune.  Senator 
Tabor  married  twice.  In  1898,  he  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster  at  Denver,  and  was  hope- 
ful of  retrieving  his  lost  fortune,  but  passed 
away,  April  10,  1899,  before  he  could  pull  to- 
gether his  many  and  scattered  interests,  and 
died  a  poor  man. 


—105— 


THOMAS  M.  BOWEN 


-106— 


THOMAS   M.   BOWEN. 


T>  OWEN,  THOMAS  M.,  United  States  Sen- 
*-*  ator  from  Colorado  (1883-1889)  Brevet 
Brigadier  General,  United  States  Volunteers 
in  the  Civil  War;  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Arkansas,  1867-1871 ;  Governor  of 
Idaho  Territory,  1871),  was  born  near  the 
present  site  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  October  26, 
1835,  and  died  in  1906.  He  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools,  and  received  his  academic 
education  at  Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar. 
Removing  to  Wayne  county,  that  state,  he 
was  elected  to  the  lower  branch  of  the  legis- 
lature in  1856.  In  1858,  he  located  in  Kansas. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  he  be- 
came captain  of  a  company  in  the  First  Ne- 
braska Volunteers.  He  recruited  and  be- 
came colonel  of  the  Thirteenth  Kansas  Vol- 
unteer Infantry.  The  rank  of  brevet  brig- 
adier general  was  conferred  upon  him,  and 
during  the  last  two  years  of  the  war  he 
commanded  a  brigade,  first  in  the  army  of 
the  frontier,  and  then  in  the  Seventh  Army 
Corps.  His  army  service  extended  from 
June,  1861,  to  July,  1865,  in  which  he  made 
a  brave  and  gallant  record.  In  1864,  he  was 
a  delegate  from  Kansas  to  the  national  re- 
publican convention.  After  the  war,  he 
located  in  Arkansas,  and  was  a  member  and 
president  of  the  constitutional  conventions  of 
1866  and  1868  in  that  state,  under  the  recon- 
struction acts  of  Congress.  He  was  one  of 
the  justices  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Arkan- 
sas from  1867  to  1871.  In  the  latter  year, 
he  was  appointed  governor  of  the  Territory 
of  Idaho,  but  soon  resigned  and  returned  to 
Arkansas.  He  entered  the  contest  for  elec- 


tion to  the  United  States  Senate,  but  was 
defeated  by  Senator  S.  W.  Dorsey. 

In  1875,  Judge  Bowen  removed  to  Colo- 
rado, locating  at  Del  Norte,  and  for  four 
years  was  on  the  district  bench.  He  then 
engaged  in  mining  in  the  Summit  district, 
developing  rich  and  valuable  gold  properties. 
At  the  time  of  Senator  Henry  M.  Teller's 
resignation,  when  he  entered  the  cabinet  as 
secretary  of  the  interior,  Judge  Bowen  was 
a  leading  candidate  for  the  appointment  to 
fill  the  vacancy.  After  the  selection  of  Sen- 
ator Chilcott  by  Governor  Pitkin,  Judge 
Bowen  became  a  candidate  for  the  long  term, 
being  disappointed  in  not  receiving  the  ap- 
pointment. In  the  fall  of  1882,  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  the  Colo- 
rado legislature,  and  was  a  member  of  that 
body  when  the  senatorial  fight  was  on.  It 
was  a  long  and  spirited  contest,  finally  re- 
sulting in  the  election  of  Judge  Bowen  to 
serve  the  full  term  of  six  years  from  1883 
until  1889,  to  succeed  Senator  Horace  A.  W. 
Tabor,  who  had  been  elected  to  fill  the  un- 
expired  term  of  Senator  Teller. 

Senator  Bowen,  on  retiring  from  the 
senate,  engaged  in  mining,  and  looking  after 
his  business  interests,  and  during  the  later 
years  of  his  life  he  and  his  family  made  their 
residence  in  Pueblo.  He  was  for  many  years 
an  historical  figure  in  the  west,  having  been 
prominent  in  the  political  history  of  Iowa, 
Kansas,  Arkansas,  Idaho,  and  Colorado,  to- 
gether with  his  military  record  of  four  years 
in  the  army  during  the  civil  war.  He  was 
a  republican  during  his  entire  political 
career. 


—107— 


EDWARD  OLIVER  WOLCOTT 


—108— 


EDWARD  OLIVER  WOLCOTT. 


TT70LCOTT,  EDWARD  OLIVER,  United 
*^  States  Senator,  born,  Longmeadow, 
Massachusetts,  March  26,  1848,  died  at  the 
Riviera,  March  1,  1905,  was  the  son  of  Sam- 
uel (D.  D.)  and  Harriet  Amanda  (Pope) 
Wolcott,  who  were  married  in  1843.  He  is 
descended  from  Henry  Wolcott.  the  original 
settler,  from  Tolland  in  Somersetshire,  where 
the  family  had  lived  for  generations,  who 
sailed  from  Plymouth,  England,  March  20, 
1630,  and  was  one  of  the  company  that  set- 
tled at  Dorchester,  Massachusetts,  but  in 
1636,  removed  to  Connecticut  The  Wolcott 
family,  distinguished  in  American  history 
from  the  Colonial  days  to  the  present,  num- 
bers among  its  members  one  signer  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence,  a  member  of 
Washington's  cabinet,  three  governors  of 
Connecticut,  a  governor  of  Massachusetts, 
contemporaneous  witli  Edward  0.  AVolcott, 
the  only  one  of  that  name,  who  occupied  a 
seat  in  the  United  States  Senate;  and  to  this 
list  may  well  be  added  Henry  Roger  Wolcott 
(brother  of  the  Senator)  who  as  president 
pro  tern,  of  the  state  senate,  has  served  as 
acting  governor  of  Colorado ;  and  Miss  Anna 
Louise  Wolcott  (his  sister),  who  in  the  Colo- 
rado campaign  of  1910,  was  elected  regent 
of  the  State  University. 

While  through  intermarriage,  Senator 
Wolcott  traced  his  lineage  to  two  of  the 
sons  and  one  of  the  daughters  of  the  founder 
of  the  American  family,  the  direct  male  line 
was  through  Simon,  son  of  Henry  Wolcott, 
as  was  that  of  the  three  Wolcotts  who  were 
governors  of  Connecticut  and  also  the  later 
Governor  Roger  Wolcott  of  Massachusetts. 
The  shield  of  the  AVolcott  coat-of-arms  in- 
cludes three  chess-rooks,  the  use  of  which 
was  authorized  by  Henry  V.  to  one  of  his 
ancestors,  who  checkmated  the  king  in  a 
game  of  chess. 

The  Senntor's  ancestor,  Samuel  AVolcott, 
served  in  the  Revolution.  He  was  the  father 
of  Elihu  Wolcott  (the  Senator's  grand- 
father). The  Reverend  Samuel  AVolcott,  the 
father,  was  born  in  South  AVinsdor,  July  2, 
1813,  and  died  at  Longmeadow  in  February, 
1886.  A  graduate  of  Yale  in  1833,  and  of 
Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  1837,  he 
served  as  missionary  in  Syria,  and  returning 
to  the  United  States,  filled  prominent  Con- 
gregational pastorates,  wrote  many  hymns, 
including  the  general  favorite:  ''Christ  for 
the  AVorld  We  Sing." 


Edward  0.  AArolcott,  the  son,  in  1864, 
when  but  sixteen,  enlisted  in  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  Fiftieth  Ohio  Arolunteers,  as  a  pri- 
vate, and  served  in  the  defenses  of  AATash- 
ington.  He  entered  Yale  in  1866,  did  not 
graduate,  but  was  graduated  from  the  Har- 
vard law  school  in  1871,  and  about  Septem- 
ber 20,  that  year,  came  to  Black  Hawk, 
Colorado,  where  he  taught  school  for  eight 
weeks,  and  then  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  the  law,  going  to  Georgetown,  Christmas 
week,  1871,  where  he  resided  until  he 
removed  to  Denver  in  1879.  He  occasion- 
ally also  engaged  in  writing  newspaper 
articles.  He  was  elected  district  attorney 
in  1876,  and  state  senator  in  1878 ; 
United  States  senator,  succeeding  Thomas 
M.  Bowen,  March  4,  1889 ;  re-elected  United 
States  senator  in  January,  1895,  to  succeed 
himself,  thus  serving  twelve  years  in  that 
body.  Republican  defeat,  brought  about  by 
party  defection,  revolt  by  the  silver-repub- 
licans, and  other  political  complications  in 
the  west,  prevented  his  election  to  the  senate 
for  a  third  term.  It  was  a  battle  royal,  and 
nerved  by  the  great  odds  against  him,  AVol- 
cott was  never  .more  magnificent  in  his  ora- 
tory than  in  that  campaign,  when  bearing 
aloft  the  banner  of  his  party  and  leading 
almost  a  forlorn  hope,  he  and  what  is  com- 
monly known  as  the  "Old  Republican 
Guard"  went  to  their  defeat. 

Although  the  Senator  achieved  a  national 
reputation,  which  he  well  sustained  as  a 
great  orator,  he  was  a  modest  and  diffident 
speaker  in  his  earlier  career  in  Colorado. 
His  term  as  state  senator  further  developed 
his  forensic  powers.  Becoming  attorney  and 
counselor  for  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande 
Railroad  and  other  large  corporations,  and 
being  retained  in  remunerative  mining  litiga- 
tion, there  came  wealth  and  a  broader  field 
of  work.  The  fluent  speaker  became  the 
brilliant  orator,  and,  when  he  entered  the 
senate,  he  was  fully  equipped  for  that  lead- 
ership which  became  his  own.  In  1901, 
President  McKinley  appointed  him  a  dele- 
gate to  negotiate  for  international  bi-metal- 
lism. 

He  was  a  AVolcott  of  the  AVolcotts,  and 
the  family  motto  from  Horace,  typified  the 
story  of  his  life : 

"Nullius  addictus  jurare  in  verba  magistri." 
"Accustomed  to  swear  by  the  words  of  no 
master." 


—109— 


THOMAS  MACDONALD  PATTERSON. 


PATTERSON,  THOMAS  MACDONALD, 
United  States  Senator  (1901-1907),  law- 
yer and  journalist,  born  November  4,  1839,  in 
County  Carlow,  Ireland,  was  the  son  of  James 
and  Margaret  (Mount joy)  Patterson.  His 
family  was  prominent  in  the  North  of  Ire- 
land, where  his  grandfather,  James  Patter- 
son, a  man  of  affairs,  and  a  large  stock 
dealer,  reared  a  family  of  five  children.  One 


was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Trafalgar.  The 
family,  consisting  of  his  father,  mother,  sis- 
ter Kate,  brother  James,  and  the  Senator, 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1849. 

Senator  Patterson  attended  the  public 
schools  at  Astoria,  Long  Island,  until  four- 
teen years  of  age,  when  he  became  a  clerk 
in  the  department  store  of  Blackwell  &  Cur- 
tis of  Astoria.  His  father  removed  to  Craw- 


THOMAS  MACDONALD  PATTERSON 


of  his  sons,  James,  a  merchant  and  jeweler, 
first  at  Cavan,  Ireland,  and  later  in  Liver- 
pool, married  Margaret,  daughter  of  Alex- 
ander and  Margaret  Mountjoy,  and  through 
the  maternal  line,  the  subject  of  this  sketch 
is  of  French-Huguenot  extraction.  Senator 
Patterson's  middle  name,  MacDonald,  is  for 
that  of  a  nephew  of  his  grandmother,  who 
was  a  midshipman  in  the  English  navy,  and 


fordsville,  Indiana,  in  1853,  where  young 
Patterson  learned  the  printer's  trade,  work- 
ing for  three  years  on  the  Crawfordsville 
"Review."  From  1857  until  1861,  he  as- 
sisted his  father  in  the  jewelry  business,  but 
in  the  latter  year,  he  enlisted  with  his 
brother  James,  who  was  killed  in  the  battle 
of  Winchester,  in  the  Eleventh  Indiana  In- 
fantry. In  1862-1863,  he  was  a  student  at 


—no— 


Asbury  (now  Du  Pauw  University),  and  in 
1863   entered   Wabash    College,   taking   the 
junior  year.    The  degree  of  A.  M.  was  after- 
ward conferred  on  him  by  Du  Pauw  Uni- 
versity.   On  leaving  "Wabash  College,  he  be- 
gan the  study  of  law  with  M.  D.  White  at 
Crawfordsville,  and  after  his  admission  to 
the    bar,    in    1867,    becoming   a    partner    of 
Judge  J.  R.  Cowan,  with  whom  he  continued 
the  practice  until  he  removed  to  Denver,  in 
December,    1872.     He   had   already   become 
prominent  as  a  lawyer  in  Indiana,  and  at 
once   entered  upon  a  successful  and  lucra- 
tive practice  of  the  law  in  this  city,  in  which 
he  became  associated  with  Charles  S.  Thomas. 
In  1873,  he  was  elected  city  attorney,  and 
was  re-elected  in  1874,  and  became  one  of 
the   leaders   of   the    democratic    party,   and 
prominent  in  its  councils.     Senator  Patter- 
son is  a  born  leader,  and  early  in  his  career 
developed  a  genius  for  the  control  of  men 
and  events.     He  is  an  orator,  and  although 
gifted  as  a  public  speaker,  yet  hardly  more 
brilliant  as  such,  than  as  a  writer.    Fearless 
in  the  advocacy  of  what  he  believes  to  be 
right,  after  having  reached  a  determination 
as  to  what  course  of  action  he  should  follow, 
he  became  eminent  not  only  as  a  party  leader, 
and  lawyer,  but  an  historic  figure,  first  in 
this  state   and  the  west,  and  then  exerted 
an  influence  national  in  its  scope  and  magni- 
tude.    In   1874,   he   was   elected   territorial 
delegate    to    congress,    the    first    democrat 
chosen  to  that  position  in  Colorado,  although 
he  had  been  a  resident  hardly  more  than 
two  years.     He  labored  energetically  with 
both  democrats  and  republicans,  and  it  was 
largely  through  his  efforts  that  Colorado  was 
a  little  later  admitted  as  a  state.     Senator 
Patterson  was  nominated  for. both  the  short 
term  of  the  forty-fourth  and  the  full  term  of 
the  forty-fifth  congresses,  in  both  of  which 
he  served,  retiring  in  1878  when  he  resumed 
the  practice  of  the  law.    The  impetus  given 
the  mining  industry  by  the   discoveries   at 
Leadville,  Aspen,  and  other  mining  towns, 
was   productive    of   extensive   litigation,    in 
which   he   was   prominent    in   leading   suits, 
and  thereby  built  up  a  lucrative  practice.    In 
1888,  lie  was  defeated  for  governor.    Senator 
Patterson  was   a   delegate   to    the    national 
democratic  conventions  of  1876,  1880,  1888, 
and  1892,  and  member  of  the  national  demo- 
cratic committee,  1874-1880.    He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  committee  on  resolutions  in  the 
national  democratic  convention  of  1892,  and 
brought  in  a  minority  report  in  which  no 
other  joined,  favoring  a  declaration  for  the 
free  coinage  of  silver.     It  was  voted  down 
by  a  large  majority,  but  was  adopted  by  the 


convention  of  1896.  He  was  a  delegate  to 
the  national  populist  conventions  of  1896 
and  1900  (permanent  chairman).  In  1892, 
he  repudiated  the  nomination  of  Mr.  Cleve- 
land, and  was  instrumental  in  carrying  Colo- 
rado for  Mr.  Weaver.  He  was  elected  presi- 
dential elector  in  1896,  and  1900.  In  1890, 
Senator  Patterson  became  the  proprietor  of 
the  Rocky  Mountain  News,  and  later  of  the 
Denver  Times,  the  News  representing  the 
morning  and  the  Times  the  evening  editions 
of  these  publications.  Later,  he  disposed  of 
his  interest  in  the  Times,  but  is  still  the 
owner  and  editor  of  the  News.  His  editorial 
work  represents  his  versatility  and  ability 
as  a  writer,  that  is  only  equalled  by  his 
genius  as  an  orator,  in  the  advocacy  of  the 
rights  of  the  masses  against  corporate  greed 
and  aggrandizement.  His  speeches  in  the 
national  conventions  of  the  democratic  and 
populist  parties,  and  during  his  campaign 
tours  through  many  states,  when  advocating 
the  election  of  Mr.  Bryan,  were  brilliant 
philippics  in  behalf  of  the  people  against  the 
enslavement  of  the  money  power. 

In  1901,  he  received  the  united  support  of 
the  democrats,  populists,  and  silver  repub- 
licans for  United  States  Senator,  all  the  votes 
of  the  legislature,  except  nine,  being  cast 
for  him.  During  his  term  of  six  years  in 
that  body  at  Washington,  he  rendered  Colo- 
rado most  valuable  services,  and  made  a 
record  of  battles  faithfully  and  earnestly 
fought  in  behalf  of  the  people,  and  was 
always  known  as  the  champion  of  their 
rights  and  liberties.  It  is  but  natural,  that 
a  man  of  Senator  Patterson's  decided  views 
and  opinions  on  all  public  questions,  and 
his  strenuous  manner  of  advocating  and 
maintaining  them,  should  invite  hostile,  and 
not  always  gentle  criticism,  but  nothing 
swerves  him  from  his  duty  as  he  sees  and 
understands  it. 

Senator  Patterson  married  at  Watertown, 
New  York,  in  1863,  Miss  Catharine  A.  C., 
daughter  of  Dr.  Samuel  H.  Grafton,  a  grand- 
niece  of  Alexander  Campbell,  the  founder  of 
the  Christian  Church.  Mrs.  Patterson  passed 
away,  July  16,  1902,  and  is  remembered  for 
her  many  charitable  acts,  kind  deeds,  and 
high  social  standing,  and  work  in  the 
church.  The  loss  of  a  beloved  wife,  son,  and 
daughter,  cast  a  gloom  over  the  threshold, 
amid  the  successes  that  crowned  his  bril- 
liant career.  A  surviving  daughter  is  the 
wife  of  R.  C.  Campbell,  formerly  of  Wheel- 
ing, West  Virginia.  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Camp- 
bell have  the  following  children:  Thomas 
Patterson  Campbell,  Richard  C.  Campbell, 
Jr.,  and  Katharine  Grafton  Campbell. 


—in— 


SIMON  GUGGENHEIM 


—  112- 


SIMON  GUGGENHEIM. 


UGGENHEIM,  SIMON,  United  States 
Senator,  born  December  30,  1867,  in 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  He  received  his 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  that  city ; 
after  the  completion  of  his  school  term  he 
spent  about  two  years  traveling  in  Europe, 
in  order  to  make  a  study  of  foreign  lan- 
guages. 

Simon  Guggenheim  is  one  of  seven  sons 
of  Meyer  Guggenheim,  who  came  to  America 
from  Switzerland  in  1848.  In  1888  the  Phil- 
adelphia Smelting  and  Refining  Company 
was  organized  at  Pueblo,  Colorado,  and  the 
subject  of  this  sketch  having  been  trained 
along  practical  business  lines,  co-operated 
with  his  brothers  in  the  management  of  that 
company,  for  which  purpose  he  located  at 
Pueblo  in  the  year  mentioned,  at  the  age  of 
twenty-one.  Since  that  time  Simon  Guggen- 
heim has  made  Colorado  his  permanent  place 
of  residence,  moving  to  Denver  from  Pueblo 
in  1892,  where  he  has  ever  since  resided. 

The  silver  republican  party  of  Colorado 
nominated  Simon  Guggenheim  for  lieutenant 
governor  in  1896,  but  he  was  under  the  age 
required  by  the  state  constitution  for  the  oc- 
cupant of  that  office,  and  he  withdrew  from 
the  ticket,  which  was  elected.  In  1898  he 
was  nominated  by  the  same  party  for  the 
position  of  governor,  and  was  indorsed  by 
the  convention  of  the  peoples  party,  but  he 
declined  the  nomination.  In  1904,  however, 
the  republican  party  bestowed'  upon  Mr. 
Guggenheim  the  high  honor  of  presidential 
elector,  and  he  was  one  of  the  five  who  cast 
the  vote  of  the  State  of  Colorado  for  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt.  In  1907  he  was  elected  to 
the  United  States  senate  as  a  republican  to 


succeed  Thomas  M.  Patterson,  democrat,  for 
the  full  term  of  six  years,  and  took  his  seat 
March  4,  1907.  At  the  time  of  his  election 
to  this  office  Mr.  Guggenheim  resigned  all  the 
positions  he  held  with  the  various  companies 
with  which  he  was  identified,  and  disasso- 
ciated himself  entirely  from  business,  with 
the  expressed  intention  of  devoting  his  en- 
tire time  to  the  duties  of  his  office  as  United 
States  senator,  which  intention  he  has  sys- 
tematiclly  carried  out. 

Due  to  his  thorough  familiarity  with  the 
needs  of  the  west,  Senator  Guggenheim  has 
been  able  to  accomplish  much  good  for  the 
state  of  Colorado,  and  by  his  untiring  efforts 
and  indefatigable  energy  has  been  instru- 
mental in  securing  the  passage  of  consider- 
able beneficial  legislation  for  that  state.  At 
this  time  Senator  Guggenheim  is  a  member 
of  the  following  committees  in  the  United 
States  senate:  Philippines  (chairman),  ag- 
riculture and  forestry,  census,  conservation 
of  national  resources,  military  affairs,  mines 
and  mining,  postoffices  and  post  roads,  public 
lands.  His  term  of  office  will  expire  March 
3,  1913. 

Mr.  Guggenheim's  interest  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Colorado,  and  his  many  philan- 
thropic acts,  have  made  him  a  host  of  friends 
and  rendered  him  very  popular  in  his  adopt- 
ed state.  Among  the  many  and  most  notable 
of  his  gifts  to  the  state  may  be  mentioned 
the  Simon  Guggenheim  buildings  at  the  State 
School  of  Mines,  Golden ;  University  of  Colo- 
rado, Boulder;  State  Agricultural  College, 
Fort  Collins;  State  Normal  School,  Greeley. 

Simon  Guggenheim  was  married  Novem- 
ber 24,  1898,  to  Miss  Olga  Hirsh,  and  they 
have  two  sons. 


—113— 


CHARLES  JAMES  HUGHES,  JR. 


f-TUGHES,  CHARLES  JAMES  JR.,  United 
1  A  States  Senator,  born  February  16,  1853, 
in  Kingston,  Caldwell  county,  Missouri,  died 
January  11,  1911,  in  Denver,  Colorado, 
was  the  son  of  Charles  James  (lawyer) 
and  Serena  C.  (Pollard)  Hughes.  His  an- 
cestors were  Kentuckians  and  Virginians. 
He  received  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Rich- 


regular  practice  of  the  law  at  Richmond, 
Missouri,  removhij*  to  Denver  in  February. 
1879,  which  became  his  permanent  residence 
He  formed  a  partnership  with  General  Bela 
M.  Hughes,  a  relative,  and  they  continued 
in  the  practice  of  the  law  until  General 
Hughes  retired. 

Although  engaged  in  the  general  prac- 


CHARLES  JAMES  HUGHES,  JR 


mond  (Missouri)  college  in  1871,  and  during 
1872-73,  was  a  law  student  at  the  University 
of  Missouri,  which  later  honored  him  with 
the  degree  of  L.L.  D.,  which  was  also  con- 
ferred upon  him  by  the  University  of  Den- 
ver. He  taught  school  for  a  time,  and  then 
was  appointed  professor  of  mathematics,  a 
position  which  he  held  until  1877,  in  Rich- 
mond college.  He  then  entered  upon  the 


tice,  Mr.  Hughes  made  a  specialty  of  mining 
and  corporation  law.  He  rose  rapidly  in  his 
profession,  and  soon  became  identified  with 
some  of  the  most  difficult  and  extensive  liti- 
gation known  in  the  west.  He  was  most 
thorough  in  the  preparation  of  all  his  cases. 
He  was  always  the  student,  and  sought  the 
essence  of  things,  delving  into  the  principles 
that  underlay  the  great  points  that  were  in- 


—114— 


volved.    He  had  no  superior  as  a  mining  law- 
yer, and  is  generally  conceded  to  have  been 
the  greatest  in  this  line  of  litigation.     Mr. 
Hughes  was  an  attorney  in  the  celebrated 
Durant,  Emma,  and  Aspen  mining  suits.    At 
this  time  was  raised  the  paramount  issue  in 
mining    law,    over    the    apex    and    side-line 
questions.    Mr.  Hughes  finding  that  many  of 
the  points  then  coming  up  for  adjudication 
had  not  been  settled  by  any  prior  litigation, 
and  that  no  precedents  had  been  established 
for  the  guidance  of  courts  and  attorneys,  be- 
gan an  exhaustive  research  into  mining  laws 
and  mining  history.     He  espoused  the  apex 
theory,  which  held  that  the  mine  owner  had 
the  right  to  follow  the  mineral  vein  wher- 
ever it  dipped,  even  if  beyond  the  side  lines, 
as  surveyed  on  the  surface.     In  his  argu- 
ments on  the  points  raised  in  these  great 
cases,  the  mass  of  facts  and  data  he  had  col- 
lected  and   arranged   were    presented   with 
such  mastery  of  logic  and  eloquence,  both  in 
the    Colorado    courts    and    in    the   supreme 
court  of  the  United  States,  that  the  latter 
court,  in  rendering  its  decisions,  followed  in 
the  main  the  outline  he  had  set  forth.     Mr. 
Hughes  was  employed  in  the  Smuggler-Molly 
Gibson  litigation,  and  was  the  attorney  for 
the  Ibex  Mining  Company  (Little  Johnny) 
in  its  suits,  and  others  involving  the  title 
to  many  of  the  most  valuable  mining  proper- 
ties in  the  west.     The  rewards  for  his  ser- 
vices in  these  big  mining  suits  were  large, 
and  thus  Mr.  Hughes  laid  the  foundation  for 
the  fortune  that  he  accumulated.    He  became 
the  general  counsel  for  the  First  National 
Bank,  the  Denver  Tramway  Company,  the 
Denver  Union  Water  Company,  the  Denver, 
Northwestern  and  Pacific  Railway  Company, 
and  through  these  and  others,  represented 
the   interests   of  millions   of   dollars   of   in- 
vested capital. 

He  was  a  democrat,  and  always  loyally 
championed  the  interests  of  his  party.  In 
1888,  he  was  defeated  for  presidential  elec- 
tor in  Colorado,  but  was  elected  as  such  in 
1900,  but  was  defeated  for  that  position 
again  in  1904.  He  always  took  a  deep  inter- 
est in  the  conventions  of  his  party,  and  was 
prominent  in  its  councils.  Mr.  Hughes  was 
a  delegate  to  the  national  democratic  con- 
ventions of  1904  and  1908.  Twice  he  refused 
the  nomination  of  his  party  for  governor  of 
Colorado,  but  was  always  a  willing  and  elo- 
quent speaker  for  the  democratic  party  in 
their  state  and  national  campaigns. 

From  1889  until  his  death  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  state  board  of  capitol  managers, 
which  erected  the  handsome  and  costly  capi- 
tol building.  Since  1892,  he  was  also  pro- 


fessor of  mining  law  in  the  law  department 
of  the  University  of  Denver.  During  1903- 
1906,  he  delivered  lectures  on  mining  and  ir- 
rigation law  before  the  Harvard  Law  School. 
His  lecture  on  the  evolution  of  mining  laws 
was  one  of  the  most  profound,  and  by  some 
considered  the  ablest,  of  this  series  of  ad- 
dresses. 

Mr.  Hughes  was  the  unanimous  choice  of 
the  democratic  state  convention  that  assem- 
bled in  Pueblo  in  September,  1908,  for  the 
position  of  United  States  senator  to  succeed 
the  Honorable  Henry  M.  Teller.     On  Janu- 
ary 20,  1909,  he  was  elected  Unitd  States 
senator  for  the  full  term  of  six  years.     Sen- 
ator Hughes  then  withdrew  from   his   law 
practice  during  that  period,  thus  losing  re- 
tainer fees  in  the  sum  of  nine  hundred  thou- 
sand dollars,  that  he  might  give  his  full  time 
and  attention  to  the  interests  of  the  people 
of  Colorado.    He  soon  became  established  as 
a  strong  debater  in  that  august  body,  and 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  and  read- 
iest speakers  in  the  senate.  His  speech  in  the 
senate  on  conservation  is  regarded  by  some 
as  the  most  powerful  that  he   delivered  in 
that  body.  But  few  senators  were  present,  yet 
as  he  progressed  and  began  to  marshal  facts 
and  data  as  to  the  injury  done  the  western 
states  and  then,  in  his  masterly  method,  dis- 
cussed the  basic  principles,  the  members  soon 
returned  to  their  seats.    Before  he  had  com- 
pleted his  speech  of  four  hours,  the  senate 
floor  was  crowded,  many  members   of  the 
house  honoring  him  by  their  presence.     His 
speeches  on  the  interstate  commerce  bill,  the 
tariff,  income  tax,  excise  tax  and  other  im- 
portant  measures,  were  masterly,   eloquent 
and  patriotic.     His  untimely   death   was  a 
loss    that     Colorado    deeply    mourned,    for 
Charles  J.  Hughes  Jr.  was  one  of  her  ablest 
and  noblest  sons. 

Senator  Hughes  was  a  member  of  the 
American  Bar  Association,  the  American  In- 
stitute of  Mining  Engineers,  the  State  His- 
torical and  Natural  History  Society  of  Colo- 
rado, and  the  Colorado  Southern  Society 
(president)  ;  also  the  following  clubs :  Den- 
ver, University,  Denver  Country,  Denver 
Athletic,  Democratic  (Denver),  El  Paso 
ropolitan  and  Columbia  Golf  and  Chevy 
Chase  (Washington). 

Senator  Hughes  married,  September  1, 
1874,  at  Richmond,  Missouri,  Miss  Lucy  S. 
Menefee,  daughter  of  Lafayette  S.  Menefee, 
of  a  prominent  southern  family.  To  them 
were  born  the  following  children,  now  liv- 
ing: Gerald,  Berrien  and  Lafayette  Hughes, 
and  a  daughter,  Mrs.  AV.  W.  Woodruff,  Jr. 


—115— 


JOSEPH  CHURCH  HELM 


—116— 


JOSEPH  CHURCH  HELM. 


TLIELM,  JOSEPH  CHURCH,  jurist,  born 
•*•  June  30,  1848,  in  Chicago,  was  the 
son  of  Ruggles  and  Sarah  (Bass)  Helm.  His 
grandfather  was  Woodhull,  son  of  Henry 
Helme,  the  first  American  ancestor,  who  set- 
tled in  Rhode  Island.  Through  the  maternal 
line,  he  is  descended  from  the  Ruggles  family. 
Judge  Helm's  ancestors  on  both  sides  assisted 
in  the  war  for  independence  in  the  days  of  the 
Revolution. 

He  spent  his  boyhood  in  Canada  and 
Iowa,  and  at  the  age  of  13  enrolled  in  the 
civil  war  for  four  years,  his  earlier  services 
being  that  of  a  drummer  boy.  In  1861,  he 
enlisted  in  the  13th  U.  S.  Infantry,  and  served 
through  the  war  in  that  regiment  and  the 
6th  Infantry,  First  Army  Corps;  also  known 
as  Hancock's  Corps,  General  Hancock  being  its 
commander;  Armies  of  the  Tennessee  and  the 
Potomac.  He  participated  in  some  of  the 
hardest  fought  battles  of  the  war,  including 
Chichasaw  Bayou,  Champion  Hills,  Jackson, 
Vicksburg,  Colliersville,  and  others.  He  was 
also  a  prisoner  on  Belle  Isle. 

After  the  war,  he  entered  the  Univer- 
sity of  Iowa  and  was  in  charge  of  the 
public  schools  of  Van  Buren  and  Little 
Rock,  Ark.  in  1870-3.  Returning  to  the 
law  department  of  the  University  of  Iowa, 
he  was  there  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  in  1874;  honorary  LL.  D.  1890.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1875,  and  began 
the  practice  of  law  in  Colorado  Springs, 
where  he  became  associated  with  Judge  E. 
A.  Colburn.  He  was  a  member  of  the  House, 
1877,  and  the  Senate,  1879,  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  Colorado,  from  El  Paso  county. 
In  1880  Judge  Helm  was  elected  to  the  Dis- 
trict bench,  and  two  years  later,  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  Supreme  Court,  to  which  he  was 


re-elected  in  1891,  and  'was  chief  Justice, 
1889-1892. 

Judge  Helm  resigned  from  the  Supreme 
Court  in  1892,  and  ran  for  governor  on  the 
republican  ticket.  It  was  just  at  this  time 
that  the  Populist  movement  was  in  the  as- 
cendency, and  Judge  Helm,  who  had  always 
carried  the  state  on  the  republican  ticket  in 
normal  political  conditions,  was  defeated  for 
governor  by  Davis  H.  Waite.  Returning 
to  the  practice  of  the  law,  he  continued  in 
the  same,  except  when  temporarily  appointed 
to  fill  a  vacancy  on  the  Supreme  Bench, 
1907-9. 

Judge  Helm  has  been  tendered  the  posi- 
tion of  Commissioner  of  the  U.  S.  General 
Land  Office  and  U.  S.  Assistant  Attorney 
General,  but  declined  the  same;  he  has  also 
been  highly  endorsed  for  other  important 
federal  appointments,  among  them  Secretary 
of  the  Interior  and  on  the  U.  S.  Circuit 
Bench;  but  Colorado  has  been  so  much 
out  of  touch  with  the  national  adminis- 
tration in  political  affairs  that  it  has  been 
difficult  for  any  of  her  favored  sons,  to  re- 
ceive the  consideration  that  otherwise  would 
have  been  accorded  them. 

Judge  Helm  has  made  the  record  of  a  gal- 
lant soldier,  and  an  able  jurist,  and  in  re- 
suming the  practice  of  the  law,  has  become 
attorney  and  counselor  in  some  of  the  most 
important  litigation  and  for  some  of  the  most 
important  corporations  in  the  state  and  the 
west. 

In  Sept.,  1881,  he  married  Miss  Marcia, 
daughter  of  George  H.  Stewart,  of  Colorado 
Springs,  descended  from  a  distinguished 
family.  Judge  Helm  is  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  A.  Lin- 
coln Post,  G.  A.  R.  and  is  a  Master  Mason. 


—117— 


CHARLES  DEMSON  HAYT 


— 118— 


CHARLES  DENISON  HAYT. 


AYT,  CHARLES  DENISON,  jurist,  born 
in  Poughkeepsie,  New  York,  May  20, 
1850,  was  the  son  of  Henry  Delevan  and  Jane 
(Berry)  Hayt.  He  is  descended  from  a  colo- 
nial and  patriotic  ancestry.  His  grandfather, 
Samuel  Hayt,  married  Sarah  Delevan, 
daughter  of  Timothy  Delevan,  who  married 
a  Miss  Close.  Timothy  Delevan,  his  great- 
grandfather, born  in  North  Salem,  N.  Y., 
May  27,  1738,  died  in  Patterson,  New  York, 
January  19,  1803,  was  one  of  the  patriots 
of  the  American  Revolution.  He  was  Ensign, 
Seventh  Regiment,  Fredericksburg  precinct, 
elected  March  11,  1776;  was  elected  May  28, 
1778,  second  lieutenant  in  the  company  com- 
manded by  Captain  David  Waterbury,  in 
the  Seventh  Duchess  County  Regiment,  New 
York  Militia,  Colonel  Henry  Ludington;  was 
reported  as  first  lieutenant,  July,  1779,  in 
same  company  and  regiment.  The  whole 
Hayt  family  was  in  the  war,  ten  of  the  eleven 
brothers  being  in  the  revolution,  and  the 
other  brother  was  later  killed  in  an  Indian 
war. 

Judge  Hayt's  father  engaged  both  in 
freighting  on  the  Hudson  River  and  in  farm- 
ing. The  son,  Charles  D.  Hayt,  who  later 
became  Chief  Justice  of  the  Colorado  Su- 
preme Court,  was  educated  in  the  State 
Street  High  School,  at  Albany,  which  he 
attended  in  1864,  and  then  became  a  student 
in  Williston  Seminary,  East  Hampton,  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  1867.  He  studied  law  in 
Poughkeepsie.  In  1871,  he  came  to  Colo- 
rado, on  an  investigating  trip,  and  then  went 
east,  but  returned  to  Colorado,  locating  in 
Walsenburg  in  1874.  He  was  elected  County 
Judge  of  Huerfano  county,  in  October,  1874, 
and  held  that  office  until  1877.  Judge  Hayt 
was  postmaster  at  Alamosa,  1878-1881.  He 
was  appointed  district  attorney  of  the  Sixth 
District,  Colorado,  1881,  and  in  the  fall  of 
that  year  was  elected  to  the  same  office, 
which  he  held  until  January  1,  1883.  This 
district  then  included  twelve  counties  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  state,  and  during  his 
term  he  conducted  a  vigorous  and  success- 
ful prosecution  of  all  violators  of  the  law. 
In  November,  1882,  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  Sixth  Judicial  District,  Colorado,  and 
entered  upon  the  duties  of  that  office  in  Jan- 


uary, 1883,  which  he  held  until  January, 
1889.  The  ability  that  Judge  Hayt  had  shown 
as  county  judge  of  Huerfano  county,  dis- 
trict attorney  and  judge  of  the  Sixth  Dis- 
trict had  made  his  name  and  splendid  record 
so  well  known,  that  he  was  nominated  for 
the  supreme  court  by  the  republican  state 
convention,  for  a  term  of  nine  years,  and 
was  elected  to  that  office  in  November,  1888. 
He  was  chief  justice  of  Colorado  for  six 
years,  including  the  administration  of  Gov. 
Waite.  Although  Bryan  had  carried  the 
state  for  the  presidency,  in  1896,  by  a  major- 
ity of  135,000,  yet  the  year  following  Judge 
Hayt,  on  the  republican  ticket,  was  only  de- 
feated for  the  Supreme  Bench  by  a  majority 
of  3,500  against  him.  On  January  11,  1898, 
he  retired  from  the  supreme  court,  and  has 
since  been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  the  law, 
and  is  now  the  senior  member  of  the  legal 
firm  of  Hayt,  Dawson  &  Wright.  He  has 
not  been  a  candidate  for  any  office  since  his 
name  was  prominently  mentioned  as  the  suc- 
cessor of  Judge  Hallett,  on  the  retirement 
of  the  latter  from  the  United  States  District 
Bench  in  Colorado. 

Judge  Hayt  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club  and  the  Traffic  Club,  Denver ;  the  Elks 
and  Masons,  and  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution. 

He  married  Miss  Julia  A.  Palmer,  at  La 
Veta,  Colorado,  October  3,  1878.  She  was 
the  daughter  of  Andrew  Jackson  Palmer  of 
Georgia,  who  was  in  the  Mexican  War  under 
General  Scott  from  the  beginning  to  the  end. 
Her  mother  was  Ella  Petterson  Palmer.  Mrs. 
Hayt's  great-grandfather,  Jesse  Palmer,  en- 
listed in  the  army  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution from  the  State  of  North  Carolina,  and 
drew  a  pension  during  the  latter  years  of 
his  life  for  the  services  rendered  in  aid  of 
the  colonies.  Mrs.  Hayt  was  well  known  as 
a  singer  and  a  leader  in  church  and  social 
circles  when  residing  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  state,  a  position  she  still  holds  since 
Judge  Hayt  has  made  Denver  his  permanent 
home. 

They  have  two  children,  Miss  Ella 
Palmer  Hayt,  prominent  in  Denver  musical 
circles,  and  Charles  D.  Hayt,  Jr.,  who  is  en- 
gaged in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  Alamosa, 
this  state. 


—119— 


MOSES  HALLETT 


—120— 


MOSES  HALLETT. 


LJALLETT,  MOSES,  jurist,  born  in  Galena, 
1  A  Jo  Daviess  county,  Illinois,  July  16, 1834, 
was  the  son  of  Moses  and  Eunice  (Crowell) 
Hallett.  Judge  Hallett's  grandfather,  and  his 
ancestors  in  the  paternal  line,  were  sailors,  ex- 
cept his  father,  who,  a  native  of  Massachusetts 
moved  to  Missouri  in  1820,  and  engaged  in 
farming.  In  1826  he  removed  to  Jo  Daviess 
county,  Illinois;  he  died  in  1859.  In  his  pa- 
ternal line,  Judge  Hallett  was  of  English  de- 
scent. His  mother,  a  native  of  Massachusetts 
died  at  the  old  family  home  in  Illinois  in  1864. 
His  father,  a  member  of  the  Illinois  state 
militia,  was  in  the  Black  Hawk  war  in  1832. 

Judge  Hallett  attended  the  public  schools 
of  his  native  town  and  received  his  academic 
education  in  Rock  River  Seminary,  and  later 
as  a  student  in  Beloit  College  (Wisconsin). 
At  the  age  of  21  (1855),  he  entered  the  law  office 
of  E.  S.  Williams,  Chicago,  and  early  in  1858 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  immediately  be- 
gan the  practice  of  the  law  in  that  city.  Com- 
ing to  Colorado  in  1860,  he  engaged  in  mining 
in  Gilpin  and  Clear  Creek  counties.  Preferring 
his  profession  to  that  of  mining,  he  removed 
to  Denver,  and  resumed  the  practice  of  the 
law.  He  formed  a  partnership  with  H.  P. 
Bennet,  which  they  continued  under  the  firm 
name  of  Bennet  &  Hallett  until  Mr.  Bennet 
went  to  Congress  in  1863.  Judge  Hallett  was 
appointed  Chief  Justice  of  the  Territory  of 
Colorado,  April  10,  1866,  pursuant  to  popular 
demand  and  a  joint  memorial  of  the  legis- 
lature passed  in  February,  1866.  Colorado 
wanted  one  of  its  own  citizens  appointed  to 
this  position,  and  so  rapidly  had  he  won  the 
confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people,  during 
a  residence  of  six  years,  that  President  John- 
son, on  receiving  the  memorial  that  had  been 
signed  by  the  governor,  gave  him  the  ap- 
pointment. Thus  Judge  Hallett  began  his 
long,  honorable  and  distinguished  career  as  a 
jurist  in  the  territorial  period  which  he  con- 
tinued many  years  after  Colorado  had  become 
a  state.  Although  known  best  as  the  jurist, 
yet  he  rendered  valuable  services  in  the  early 
days  as  a  member  of  the  Territorial  Council 
(Senate)  in  1863-65. 

In  1870  Judge  Hallett  was  reappointed  by 
President  Grant  to  the  Territorial  Supreme 
Court,  and  again  in  1874,  serving  until  Colo- 
rado became  a  state.  In  1877,  President 
Grant  appointed  Judge  Hallett  to  the  U.  S. 
District  Court  for  Colorado,  which  position 
he  filled  with  dignity,  distinction  and  honor 
until  he  retired  from  the  bench,  May  1, 
1906.  During  his  term  in  the  U.  S.  Court, 
many  intricate  and  new  questions,  especially 
relating  to  mining  laws  and  their  interpreta- 
tion, came  up  for  adjudication.  Leadville, 


Aspen,  Creede,  Cripple  Creek,  in  the  charac- 
ter of  their  veins  and  deposits,  with  new  fea- 
tures of  metalliferous  mining,  presented  intri- 
cate problems  for  both  the  bench  and  the 
bar,  and  precedents  had  to  be  set  along  new 
lines  of  interpretation,  to  meet  the  condi- 
tions peculiar  to  the  geological  formation  in 
these  new  mining  camps.  Probably  no 
western  jurist  has  exerted  a  greater  influence 
in  mining  jurisprudence  than  Judge  Hallett. 
During  his  term  on  the  U.  S.  District  bench, 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Colorado 
&  Southern  came  directly  under  his  super- 
vision in  the  appointment  of  receivers,  and 
matters  were  further  complicated  by  labor 
troubles  and  strikes  that  followed  in  connec- 
tion therewith.  With  firmness  and  tact  and 
judicial  acumen,  he  handled  these  difficult 
problems.  Out  of  labor  difficulties  he  brought 
peace  and  quiet,  and  from  a  chaotic  financial 
condition,  the  railroads  were  established  on  a 
paying  basis. 

Judge  Hallett  is  a  member  of  the  Uni- 
versity Club,  and  the  Masonic  fraternity. 
Since  1892,  he  has  been  professor  of  Ameri- 
can Constitutional  Law  and  Federal  Juris- 
prudence in  the  University  of  Colorado,  which 
institution  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.  in  1893. 

Judge  Hallett  married  Feb.  9,  1882,  Miss 
Katherine  Felt,  daughter  of  Lucius  F.  Felt, 
a  merchant  of  Galena,  111.  For  many  years 
she  was  connected  with  the  social  and  church 
life  and  work  in  this  city  and  state.  She  was 
educated  in  New  York  City,  and  was  of  that 
splendid  type  that  exalted  womanhood  in 
Colorado.  Her  most  active  work  was  per- 
formed in  connection  with  the  Episcopalian 
Church,  of  which  she  was  a  devoted  member, 
and  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  this  city.  Mrs. 
Hallett  passed  away  Sept.  19,  1902,  and,  in 
honor  of  her  memory,  Judge  Hallett  erected 
the  Katherine  Hallett  Home  for  Nurses  at 
St.  Luke's  Hospital. 

Judge  and  Mrs.  Hallett  have  one  son  liv- 
ing, Lucius,  who  married  June  14th,  1909, 
Miss  Genevieve,  a  graduate  of  Wellesley, 
and  daughter  of  Dr.  Oscar  J.  Pfeiffer  of  Den- 
ver. 

During  a  later  period,  in  addition  to  at- 
tending to  his  large  private  interests,  Judge 
Hallett  has  been  for  several  years  executor 
and  trustee  of  the  estate  of  George  W.  Clay- 
ton, who  left  a  large  fortune  for  the  establish- 
ment of  the  George  W.  Clayton  College  for 
orphan  boys.  After  carefully  and  success- 
fully handling  this  large  property,  Judge  Hal- 
lett has  turned  it  over  to  the  city  to  carry 
out  the  wishes  of  the  donor,  and  the  build- 
ings are  now  nearly  completed. 


—121— 


JOSEPH  ADDISON  THATCHER 


—122— 


JOSEPH  ADDISON  THATCHER. 


TTHATCHEB,  JOSEPH  ADDISON,  banker 
•*•  and  capitalist,  was  born  at  Shelbyville, 
Kentucky,  July  31,  1838.  His  grandfather, 
John  P.  Thatcher,  came  to  this  country  from 
England  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  settling  in  Virginia.  His  father  was 
John  Pemberton  Thatcher,  born  in  1789  and 
died  in  1853.  His  mother  was  the  daughter 
of  "W.  H.  and  Patsy  Hickman,  an  old  Cava- 
lier family,  prominent  in  Colonial  days  of 
the  Old  Dominion  state. 

Early  in  the  nineteenth  century,  John 
Pemberton  Thatcher,  then  a  young  man, 
crossed  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains  and,  like 
hundreds  of  other  young  Virginians  took  up 
a  residence  in  the  Blue  Grass  state.  AVhen 
the  second  war  with  England  was  declared, 
he  organized  a  company  of  volunteers,  serv- 
ing as  captain  in  the  war  of  1812. 

Joseph  Addison  Thatcher  was  given  a 
good  common  school  education,  and  in  1853, 
the  year  of  his  father's  death,  he  went  to 
Independence,  Missouri,  where  he  secured 
employment  in  the  dry  goods  store  of  an 
uncle.  He  remained  in  Missouri  for  about 
seven  years,  working  at  Independence. 

In  the  spring  of  1860,  Thatcher,  who  had 
inherited  the  pioneer  spirit  and  the  restless 
desire  to  advance  his  condition,  brought  a 
trainload  of  provisions  and  mining  supplies 
across  the  plains  and  located  at  Central  City. 
The  years  he  had  spent  in  mercantile  pur- 
suits in  Missouri  were  the  best  possible  train- 
ing for  the  young  man. 

For  two  years  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
business  at  this  pioneer  Colorado  settlement 
and  then  he  received  an  offer  from  Warren 
Hussey  to  enter  his  bank.  In  a  short  time 
Mr.  Thatcher  Avas  made  manager  of  Hus- 
sey's  bank,  an  institution  which  under  his 
direction,  was  very  successful. 

In  1870  he  purchased  the  Warren  Hussey 
Bank  at  Central  City  and  organized  the  pri- 


vate bank  of  Thatcher,  Standley  &  Com- 
pany and  in  1874  he  organized  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Central  City,  taking  over  the 
bank  of  Thatcher,  Standley  &  Company. 

Mr.  Thatcher  was  president  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Central  City  from  its  or- 
ganization in  1874  to  1884,  when  he  moved 
to  Denver  and  joined  with  other  prominent 
Coloradoans  in  the  organization  of  the  Den- 
ver National  Bank. 

For  a  number  of  years  this  institution 
was  ranked  with  the  leading  banks  of  the 
west.  It  is  one  of  the  permanent  monu- 
ments to  the  business  integrity  of  Denver 
and  Colorado,  and  the  place  it  has  achieved 
is  due  in  large  part  to  the  wise  and  prudent 
management  of  President  Thatcher. 

In  addition  to  occupying  the  presidency 
of  the  Denver  National  Bank,  Mr.  Thatcher 
is  also  interested  in  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Central  City,  and  is  one  of  the  largest 
stockholders  in  the  Columbia  Land  and  Cat- 
tle Company  and  The  Portland  Cement  Com- 
pany. 

With  all  his  business  activities  (  Mr. 
Thatcher  has  yet  found  time  to  cultivate  a 
taste  for  the  gentler  arts.  He  is  a  lover  of 
outdoor  life,  a  devotee  of  art  and  music,  be- 
ing a  discriminating  critic  in  both. 

He  has  published  one  book  entitled  "A 
Colorado  Outing,"  which  is  widely  read  and 
enjoyed  by  those  who  are  in  sympathy  with 
the  subject.  For  years  Mr.  Thatcher  has, 
been  a  patron  of  the  best  musical  organiza- 
tions in  Denver,  contributing  liberally  to 
their  support. 

For  recreation  Mr.  Thatcher  enjoys  tra- 
veling better  than  anything.  He  has  made 
many  trips  to  Europe,  traveling  through  the 
southern  Continental  countries  and  in  Egypt. 

Mr.  Thatcher  was  married  in  1865  to  Miss 
Fanny  Kintley,  of  St.  Louis,  at  Central  City. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club  and 
of  the  Colorado  Scientific  Society. 


—123— 


WILLIAM   GARRETT  FISHER 


—124— 


WILLIAM  GARRETT  FISHER. 


,  WILLIAM  GARRETT,  member 
of  the  firm  of  Daniels  &  Fisher,  pioneer 
merchants  of  Denver  and  Leadville,  was  born 
at  Cambridge,  New  York,  July  11,  1844,  died 
at  the  Gilsey  house,  New  York  City,  April  7, 
1897.  His  body  is  buried  at  Fairmount  ceme- 
tery, Denver,  Colorado. 

His  father  was  Garrett  Wendell  Fisher,  a 
leather  manufacturer,  born  1810,  died  1847. 
His  mother  was  Eunice  Sherman  Fisher, 
daughter  of  Lemuel  and  Sarah  Carswell 
Sherman. 

As  a  boy,  young  Fisher  attended  the  dis- 
trict school  and  was  sent  to  Washington 
County  academy,  there  to  be  fitted  for  Wil- 
liams college.  He  had  begun  his  course  at 
the  academy,  when  the  civil  war  broke  out. 
That  mighty  conflict  was  to  change  the 
whole  tenor  of  his  life. 

Immediately  upon  the  war  breaking  out 
Mr.  Fisher  announced  his  intention  to  en- 
list in  the  war  for  the  Union,  he  carried 
with  him  a  mother's  blessing  and  the  mem- 
ory of  a  mother's  tears. 

Fisher  was  mustered  in  at  Albany,  a 
member  of  the  famous  Black  Horse  cavalry, 
which  was  subsequently  disbanded,  as  the 
government  felt  that  the  cavalry  branch  of 
the  army  was  too  numerous.  He  re-enlisted 
in  Company  I,  One  Hundred  and  Twenty- 
third  New  York  Infantry,  serving  until  the 
close  of  the  war. 

The  four  years'  conflict  had  transformed 
the  boy  to  man's  estate.  The  war,  also,  had 
enlarged  his  perspective,  had  made  him  com- 
petent to  gaze  upon  big  undertakings  un- 
afraid. He  made  up  his  mind  that  the  west 
was  the  land  of  opportunity,  and  after  re- 
ceiving his  final  discharge,  he  turned  his 
face  toward  the  setting  sun.  A  residence  of 
four  years  in  Iowa  City  and  again  he  was 
on  the  move.  This  time  for  Denver,  the 
straggling  village  in  the  shadow  of  the  foot- 
hills, which  he  was  to  help  make  the  Queen 
City  of  the  Inter-Mountain  country. 

Upon  his  arrical  in  Denver  in  1870,  Mr. 
Fisher  formed  a  business  connection  with  the 
firm  of  Daniels  &  Eckhart,  then  doing  busi- 
ness in  a  location  at  Fifteenth  and  Larimer 
streets.  It  is  but  indicative  of  the  character 
and  capacity  of  Mr.  Fisher  to  note  that  two 
years  later,  in  the  spring  of  1872,  the  firm 
became  known  as  Daniels,  Fisher  &  Co. 

In  1875,  the  firm  moved  from  Larimer 
street  to  larger  and  more  commodious  quar- 
ters at  Sixteenth  and  Lawrence  streets,  the 


present  location.  The  firm  name  then  be- 
came Daniels  and  Fisher  and  continued  un- 
der this  name  until  Mr.  Fisher's  death. 

From  that  time  until  his  death  Mr. 
Fisher  was  counted  a  leading  citizen  of  Den- 
ver. Public  spirited,  energetic,  he  took  a 
foremost  part  in  every  undertaking  that 
made  for  the  city's  advancement,  and 
through  all  the  vicissitudes  attending  the 
growth  of  the  struggling  town,  he  never 
lost  faith  in  her  future.  His  imagination 
conceived  a  fairy  picture  of  Denver's  great- 
ness and  his  will  put  into  execution  daring 
and  ambitious  plans  making  for  that  end. 
When  the  panic  of  1893  laid  Denver  low, 
Mr.  Fisher  ordered  construction  of  an  addi- 
tional story  to  the  home  of  Daniels  and  Fish- 
er Company  at  Sixteenth  and  Lawrence 
streets. 

After  his  admission  to  the  firm,  lots  were 
purchased  at  the  present  location  and  a 
two-story  structure  built.  The  firm  pros- 
pered and  when  the  Leadville  boom  came 
in  1879,  they  were  in  position  to  take  advan- 
tage of  the  opportunity  offered  in  the  new 
camps. 

The  firm  of  Daniels,  Fisher  &  Smith  was 
the  Cloud  City  Branch  of  the  Denver  insti- 
tution. This  was  later  sold  out  to  Mr.  J.  W. 
Smith,  the  junior  partner. 

In  the  fullness  of  manly  vigor,  with  es- 
tablished success  already  won  and  a  pros- 
pect of  years  of  useful  effort  before  him, 
Mr.  Fisher  was  stricken  while  on  a  business 
trip  to  New  York. 

His  death  occasioned  profound  sorrow  in 
the  business  world  of  the  country,  while  at 
home,  his  friends,  employes  and  business  as- 
sociates experienced  the  shock  that  comes 
from  suffering  a  personal  loss. 

Mr.  Fisher  was  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  a  director  of  the  Fes- 
tival of  Mountain  and  Plain  Association, 
prominent  in  the  Masonic  fraternity  and  a 
member  of  Lincoln  Post,  Grand  Army  of 
the  Republic.  He  had  been  keenly  inter- 
ested in  the  electrical  development  of  Den- 
ver and  was  the  first  vice-president  of  the 
Consolidated  Electric  Light  Company.  Mr. 
E.  W.  Rollins,  the  president,  not  being  a 
resident  of  Denver,  the  active  management 
naturally  fell  upcn  Mr.  Fisher's  shoulders. 

In  1873,  Mr.  Fisher  married  Mary  Fran- 
ces Cherry  at  Saratoga  Springs,  New  York. 
A  son  and  a  daughter  were  born  to  them: 
Wm.  Sherman  Fisher  and  Barbara  E.,  wife 
of  James  Randolph  Walker. 


—125— 


DENNIS  SHEEDY. 


OHEEDY,  DENNIS,  banker,  merchant,  in- 
*^  ventor,  pioneer  business  man,  was  born 
in  Ireland,  September  26,  1846,  the  son  of 
John  and  Margaret  (Fitzpatrick)  Sheedy. 
AVhen  a  boy  he  came  to  this  country  with 
his  parents,  th*»  family  settling  in  Massa- 


unknown  territory  beyond  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains; so  he  came  to  Denver,  Colorado,  in 
1863,  remaining  there  one  year. 

In  1864,  he  went  to  Montana  and  engaged 
in  mining  in  Alder  Gulch,  near  Virginia 
City.  "While  still  a  boy  in  his  teens,  he  em- 


DENNIS  SHEEDY 


chusetts,  where  they  remained  until  he  was 
twelve  years  old.  Then  they  went  to  Iowa, 
and  shortly  afterwards,  in  1858,  his  father 
died,  and  from  the  age  of  twelve  he  was 
thrown  on  his  own  resources. 

The  spirit  of  adventure  and  sturdy  inde- 
pendence, which,  in  later  years,  was  to  carry 
him  far  on  the  road  to  success,  led  young 
Sheedy  to  try  his  fortune  in  the  then  almost 


barked  in  the  grocery  business  in  the  mining 
camps  and  enjoyed  considerable  success.  He 
continued  in  this  business  for  about  one  year, 
when  he  sold  out  and  removed  to  Utah  and 
engaged  in  the  mercantile  business  in  the 
Cache  Valley,  remaining  there  until  the  fol- 
lowing spring,  when  he  returned  to  Virginia 
City,  Montana,  where  he  engaged  in  freight- 
ing and  merchandising  during  that  summer, 


—126— 


after  which  he  sold  out  and  started  over- 
land for  Chicago,  where  he  took  a  course  in 
commercial  law.  Having  thus  added  to  his 
mental  equipment,  he  was  ready  to  return 
to  the  life  of  the  frontier. 

Purchasing  a  train  load  of  merchandise  he 
started  across  the  plains.  Arriving  at  Fort 
Kearney,  Nebraska,  he  learned  that  the 
Indians  were  on  the  warpath  and  all  immi- 
grants were  advised  by  the  government  of- 
ficers to  proceed  no  further.  These  immi- 
grants numbered  fifty-four  and  they  held  a 
meeting  and  decided  to  go  on.  They  elected 
Mr.  Sheedy  captain  of  their  company,  and 
the  government  issued  a  captain's  commis- 
sion to  him.  The  band  under  Mr.  Sheedy 's 
captaincy  reached  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  in 
safety,  after  three  months'  travel,  and  en- 
gaging in  several  encounters  with  the  In- 
dians. He  then  continued  on  to  Virginia 
City,  Montana,  wintering  there  and  storing 
his  merchandise. 

Early  the  following  spring  he  took  a  train 
load  of  merchandise  to  Lemhi  City,  Idaho, 
encountering  very  severe  mountain  storms 
on  the  trip,  but  arrived  safely  at  Lemhi 
City  and  opened  a  mercantile  house,  con- 
tinuing there  all  that  summer.  He  closed 
out  his  business  in  Lemhi  City  in  the  fall  of 
1867,  going  to  Helena,  Montana,  and  engaged 
in  the  wholesale  grocery  business  until  the 
fall  of  1868,  when  he  proceeded  to  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah.  There  he  purchased  a  train  load 
of  merchandise  and  a  herd  of  beef  cattle, 
which  he  took  across  the  Great  American 
Desert  to  the  town  of  Hamilton,  White  Pine 
county,  Nevada,  which  then  had  a  population 
of  30,000.  Disposing  of  these,  Mr.  Sheedy 
took  a  six  months'  trip  to  northern  Califor- 
nia, southern  California,  Old  Mexico,  Arizona 
and  back  to  San  Francisco.  He  then  re- 
turned to  New  York,  overland,  and  took  an 
extended  trip  through  the  southern  states 
and  arrived  in  New  Orleans  in  1870,  when  he 
crossed  Berwick  Bay  to  Galveston,  and 
thence  to  Brenham  and  Austin.  From  the 
latter  place  he  started  on  a  six-hundred  mile 
horseback  ride  through  southwest  Texas, 
concluding  a  number  of  large  contracts  for 
cattle.  He  drove  these  Texas  cattle  north 
and  then  engaged  very  actively  in  the  cattle 
business,  establishing  headquarters  in  Kansas 
City  and  maintaining  camps  in  Kansas, 
Nebraska,  Indian  Territory  and  Nevada.  He 
continued  in  the  cattle  business  from  1870 
to  1884,  when  the  advancing  march  of  settle- 
ment restricted  the  extent  of  the  free  range, 
and  he  sold  his  interests. 

In  1881,  Mr.  Sheedy  returned  to  Denver, 
this  time  to  stay.  He  had  lived  there  in  1863, 
and  his  first  impression,  confirmed  by  subse- 


quent visits,  convinced  him  that  the  place 
had  an  assured  future,  and  he  selected  it  for 
his  home.  Almost*  immediately  he  plunged 
into  the  business  life  of  Denver.  The  year 
of  his  arrival  he  assumed  the  guardianship 
of  the  son  of  his  old  friend,  A.  B.  Daniels, 
and  when  he  was  discharged  by  the  probate 
court,  Mr.  Sheedy  turned  over  to  his  ward 
an  estate  that  had  increased  100  per  cent, 
through  his  administration  of  it. 

For  more  than  a  generation,  Mr.  Sheedy 
has  been  prominent  in  the  smelter  industry 
of  the  west.  He  was  president  and  general 
manager  of  the  Globe  Smelting  and  Refining 
Company  of  Denver,  and  up  to  January, 
1909,  was  a  director  and  member  of  the  exec- 
utive board  of  the  American  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  of  New  York.  To  his 
genius  for  initiative  the  smelting  industry 
owes  much  of  the  progress  made  in  the  last 
two  score  years.  It  was  Mr.  Sheedy  who 
first  secured  shipments  of  the  rich  lead  ores 
from  the  Coeur  d'  Alene  mines  to  the  smelt- 
ers of  this  state.  Through  the  use  of  these 
ores,  the  smelting  of  the  formerly  refractory 
gold  ores  was  made  simple.  He  was  always 
experimenting  for  improvement  in  processes. 
Altogether,  he  secured  patents  on  eighteen 
inventions,  which  have  gone  far  toward 
making  an  exact  science  of  the  smelting  in- 
dustry. 

In  1 894,  Mr.  Sheedy  organized  the  Denver 
Dry  Goods  Company,  and  was  made  presi- 
dent of  the  corporation,  a  position  he  has 
held  ever  since.  The  floor  space  has  been 
quadrupled  during  this  time,  and  the  store 
is  now  one  of  the  largest  dry-goods  houses 
west  of  Chicago.  Through  his  remarkable 
capacity  for  business  organization,  Mr. 
Sheedy  has  been  led  into  many  and  diverse 
fields  of  endeavor.  He  has  been  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  Colorado  National  Bank  of  Den- 
ver since  1882.  He  was  manager  of  the  Union 
Real  Estate,  Live  Stock  and  Investment  Com- 
pany for  a  number  of  years.  He  is  vice- 
president  of  the  International  Smelting  and 
Refining  Company  of  New  York.  He  served 
as  treasurer  of  the  Colorado  Mining  Ex- 
change and  of  the  Western  Patent  Company, 
and  was  for  two  years  on  the  State  Board  of 
Charities  under  the  last  administration  of 
Governor  Routt. 

Mr.  Sheedy  was  twice  married,  his  first 
wife  being  Katherine  V.  Ryan  of  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas,  to  whom  he  was  united  Feb- 
ruary 15,  1882.  She  died  in  1895,  leaving 
two  daughters.  In  1898,  he  married  Mary 
Theresa  Burke,  of  Chicago. 

Mr.  Sheedy  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  the  Denver  Athletic  Club  and  the 
Denver  Countrv  Club. 


-127— 


DAVID  HALLIDAY  MOFFAT 


X/f OFFAT,  DAVID  HALLIDAY,  banker, 
•*•  capitalist,  state  builder,  born  at  Wash- 
ingtonville,  Orange  county,  New  York,  July 
22,  1839;  died  March  18,  1911,  at  New  York. 
Mr.  Moffat's  parents  were  David  H.  and 
Kathleen  Gregg  Moffat.  He  attended  the 
schools  of  his  native  town  and  at  the  age  of 


assistant  cashier  of  the  present  day. 

In  1855  Opportunity  knocked  at  his  door 
in  the  form  of  an  offer  to  go  west.  An  elder 
brother  wrote  him  from  Des  Moines,  at  that 
time  on  the  edge  of  civilization,  that  a  new 
bank  was  about  to  be  started  there  and  if  he 
cared  to  come  a  place  would  be  found  for 


DAVID  HALLIDAY  MOFFAT 


12  years  went  to  New  York  city  where  he 
secured  employment  in  what  was  then  called 
the  New  York  Exchange  Bank,  but  is  now 
known  as  the  Irving  Exchange  National  Bank. 
From  errand  boy  with  all  the  multifarious 
duties  imposed  upon  the  youth  of  that  age, 
he  advanced  rapidly  until  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen he  held  the  responsible  position  of  as- 
sistant teller,  corresponding  to  the  place  of 


him  in  the  new  institution.  He  went  and 
was  made  cashier  of  the  institution.  During 
his  service  here  he  attracted  the  attention  of 
B.  F.  Allen,  a  capitalist  who  planned  to  start 
a  bank  at  Omaha. 

Allen  invited  young  Moffat  to  accompany 
him  to  the  Nebraska  metropolis  and  the  in- 
vitation was  accepted.  When  the  bank 
opened  its  doors  the  boy  from  New  York, 


—128— 


still  in  his  teens  was  made  cashier,  a  position 
of  grave  responsibility  which  he  discharged 
with  the  fidelity  to  duty  that  has  been  charac- 
teristic of  him  all  his  life. 

Through  no  fault  of  his  the  institution 
was  forced  into  liquidation  and  to  him  was 
intrusted  the  difficult  task  of  winding  up  its 
affairs.  It  was  one  of  his  most  cherished 
memories  that  under  his  management  the 
last  cent  of  debt  owed  by  the  institution  was 
paid,  every  depositor  got  to  the  last  dollar, 
the  amount  of  his  claims,  and  when  the  doors 
were  finally  closed  every  stain  of  reproach 
was  removed  from  the  persons  who  had  been 
responsible  for  the  bank's  suspension. 

Late  in  the  fall  of  1859  young  Moffat  de- 
cided that  the  news  of  gold  discoveries  and 
consequent  peopling  of  the  Pike's  Peak  re- 
gion was  worth  investigating,  and  he  deter- 
mined to  join  the  throng  the  next  spring. 
It  was  not  his  intention  to  join  the  search  for 
gold.  His  native  shrewdness  taught  him 
that  it  would  be  far  more  profitable  to  sup- 
ply the  wants  of  the  gold  seekers. 

Accordingly  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
C.  C.  Woolworth  of  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  and 
they  bought  a  stock  of  books  and  stationery 
for  the  new  town  of  Denver.  Woolworth 
was  to  remain  at  St.  Joseph  to  look  after  the 
buying  and  shipping,  while  Moffat  was  to 
have  charge  of  the  selling  end  at  Denver. 

The  stock  was  loaded  onto  four  wagons, 
they  hired  three  drivers,  Moffat  taking  charge 
of  one  team,  and  the  march  across  the  plains 
was  begun.  The  outfit  arrived  in  Denver  on 
March  17,  1860,  and  the  store  was  established 
on  Eleventh  street  below  Larimer  street  on 
the  other  side  of  Cherry  Creek. 

The  venture  proved  successful  from  the 
first  and  as  the  town  grew  the  business  was 
removed  to  a  location  on  the  north  side  of 
Larimer  street  between  Fourteenth  and  Fif- 
teenth streets. 

For  ten  years  Moffat  retained  his  interest 
in  the  store,  but  in  the  meantime,  in  1865, 
he  was  invited  by  the  directors  of  the  First 
National  Bank  to  accept  a  position  as  cashier 
of  that  institution.  From  that  day  down  to 
the  time  of  his  death  Mr.  Moffat  and  the 
First  National  Bank  of  Denver  were  syn- 
onymous terms.  In  1880  he  was  elected 
president,  a  position  he  retained  for  more  than 
thirty  years. 

At  the  age  of  thirty  he  gathered  some  of  the 
venturesome  spirits  of  the  time  and  submitted 
to  them  a  proposition  for  building  a  line  from 
Denver  north  to  Cheyenne  to  connect  with 
the  Union  Pacific,  a  large  undertaking  in 
those  days.  They  successfully  executed  their 
plans  and  one  day  in  1870  a  locomotive 
christened  the  "David  H.  Moffat,"  steamed 


into  Denver  and  this  city  was  on  the  railroad 
map. 

The  discovery  of  the  wonderful  ore  de- 
posits in  the  Leadville  district  led  to  Mr. 
Moffat's  next  venture  in  railroad  building. 
By  construction  of  the  South  Park  line  he 
made  easy  access  between  Denver  and  the 
Cloud  City,  adding  materially  to  the  pros-... 
perity  of  Denver  and  contributing  to  the  well- 
being  of  the  citizens  of  the  new  camp. 

When  Creede  was  discovered  Mr.  Moffat 
went  to  the  directors  of  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  and  urged  them  to  build  a  line  through 
Wagon  Wheel  Gap  to  place  the  new  camp  on 
the  map.  They  refused  and  Mr.  Moffat's 
answer  was  characteristic.  "Very  well,"  he 
said,  "then  I  will  build  it  myself,"  and  he  did. 

So  when  Cripple  Creek  was  discovered. 
After  meeting  refusal  from  directors  of  other 
railroads  to  build  into  the  camp  he  under- 
took himself  the  construction  of  the  Florence 
&  Cripple  Creek  road,  a  route  which  proved 
the  most  profitable  in  the  state. 

His  success  in  railroad  undertakings  was 
so  proverbial  that  in  1885  he  was  elected  to 
the  presidency  of  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
railroad,  a  position  he  held  for  six  years. 

By  reason  of  his  wonderful  business  fore- 
sight Mr.  Moffat  acquired  some  of  the  best 
mining  properties  in  the  state.  He  made 
millions  out  of  such  mines  as  the  Maid,  Hen- 
riette,  Resurection  and  Little  Pittsburgh  at 
Leadville;  the  Victor,  Anaconda  and  Golden 
Cycle  at  Cripple  Creek.  His  other  business 
interests  included  holdings  in  the  Fourth 
National  and  Western  National  Banks  of 
New  York  and  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance 
Society  of  New  York.  He  was  also  a  heavy 
owner  in  the  securities  of  the  Denver  City 
Tramway  Company  and  the  Denver  Union 
Water  Company. 

The  crowning  achievement  of  his  career 
Mr.  Moffat  reserved  for  the  closing  years  of 
his  life.  It  had  been  long  his  dream  to  place 
Denver  on  a  direct  transcontinental  line  of 
railway,  and  at  the  age  of  sixty-five,  when 
most  men  are  planning  surcease  from  labor, 
he  announced  to  the  public  his  plans  for  the 
Moffat  Road,  which  should  pierce  the  Rocky 
Mountains  on  an  air  line,  establishing  direct 
communication  between  Salt  Lake  City.  Be- 
fore his  death  he  saw  the  realization  of  most 
of  his  dream. 

Mr.  Moffat  was  married  at  Mechanics- 
ville,  New  York  to  Fanny  A.  Buckhout,  on 
December  11,  1861.  They  had  one  daughter, 
Mrs.  Marcia  Moffat  McClurg. 

Mr.  Moffat  was  a  member  of  the  Denver 
club,  the  Union  League  club  of  New  York 
and  the  Chicago  Club  of  Chicago.  He  was... 
also  a  veteran  of  the  civil  war,  his  discharge 
papers  showing  the  rank  of  captain. 


—129— 


ALFRED  CURTIS  CASS 


—130— 


ALFRED     CURTIS     CASS. 


/"'ASS,  ALFRED  CURTIS,  born  Sept.  4, 
^  1850  at  Prairie  Du  Sac,  Wisconsin.  He 
was  of  English  ancestry,  the  family  immi- 
grating to  Wisconsin  in  the  pioneer  days.  His 
grandfather  on  his  mother's  side  was  one  of 
the  pioneer  Baptist  ministers  of  the  Badger 
state.  He  received  his  education  in  the  pub- 
lic schools  and  after  graduating  from  the 
high  school  at  Beaver  Dam,  Wisconsin,  he 
attended  Wayland  University  where  he  was 
a  classmate  of  the  late  Senator  Thurston  of 
Nebraska. 

After  finishing  at  Wayland,  Mr.  Cass  en- 
tered commercial  life,  engaging  in  the  dry 
goods  business  at  Beaver  Dam  with  David 
Newman.  When  the  firm  moved  to  Lincoln, 
Nebraska,  Mr.  Cass  accompanied  them.  It 
was  there  that  he  met  Mr.  John  C.  Osgood, 
with  whom  he  was  later  to  become  associated 
in  the  organization  and  development  of  the 
Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  Company,  the  largest 
and  most  powerful  corporation  in  the  Inter- 
mountain  states. 

The  early  beginnings  and  subsequent  his- 
tory of  the  C.  F.  &  I.  form  one  of  the  most 
unusual  industrial  romances  of  present  .times. 
It  was  conceived  and  brought  into  being 
through  the  brains  and  splendid  energies  of 
four  remarkable  young  men,  Osgood,  Cass, 
Jerome  and  Kebler.  They  had  the  daring 
imagination  of  empire  builders,  the  initiative 
to  put  their  dreams  to  the  test  and  unbounded 
faith  in  their  ability  to  carry  through  their 
enterprises.  With  far-sighted  wisdom,  they 
recognized  the  illimitable  resources  of  the 
Centennial  State  and  the  opportunities  for 
advantage  in  bringing  forth  and  developing 
the  locked  up  treasures  of  nature.  The  busi- 
ness and  industrial  world  soon  came  to  recog- 
nize the  power  of  the  "Nebraska  Group," 
by  which  title  they  were  known. 

In   1882  Mr.   Cass  joined  with  John   C. 


Osgood  in  the  Whitebreast  Coal  &  Mining 
Company.  Six  years  later  he  came  to  Colo- 
rado to  assume  the  position  of  general  sales 
agent  of  the  Colorado  Fuel  Company,  of 
which  Mr.  Osgood  was  president,  and  which 
was  afterwards  consolidated  with  the  Colo- 
rado Coal  and  Iron  Company,  under  the  name 
of  the  Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company. 
In  the  succeeding  years,  the  growth  of  this 
company  advanced  by  leaps  and  bounds.  Its 
mineral  holdings  were  added  to,  by  acqui- 
sition of  thousands  of  acres  of  the  best  coal 
and  iron  ore  lands  in  this  and  neighboring 
states.  The  steel  plant  at  Pueblo  was  es- 
tablished, and  a  railroad,  the  Colorado  & 
Wyoming  was  constructed  to  connect  the 
various  mines  of  the  company. 

In  all  this  phenomenal  development,  Mr. 
Cass  bore  an  important  part.  He  had  ad- 
vanced from  the  position  of  sales  agent  to 
that  of  first  vice-president  and  to  that  im- 
portant executive  position  he  gave  the  best 
of  his  energy.  He  burned  the  candle  at 
both  ends,  prolonging  his  labors  far  into  the 
night.  Such  application  to  the  hard,  grind- 
ing details  of  business  was  more  than  nature 
could  stand.  The  thread  of  life  was  cut  short 
and  the  community  was  shocked  to  learn  on 
July  4,  1903,  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Cass. 

Before  coming  to  Colorado,  Mr.  Cass 
took  a  lively  interest  in  politics  and  served  for 
many  years  as  City  treasurer  of  Lincoln,  re- 
ceiving nomination  from  Republican,  Demo- 
crat and  Prohibition  parties,  which  was 
practically  a  unanimous  election. 

He  married  at  Beaver  Dam,  Wis.  in 
1876  Miss  Mary  E.  Ashton.  Two  daugh- 
ters were  born  to  them,  Mrs.  Frank  M. 
Vaughn  and  Mrs.  Roger  Wolcott  Toll. 

At  the  time  of  his  death,  Mr.  Cass  was  a 
member  of  the  Denver  Club,  the  Denver 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  Denver 
Country  Club. 


—131  — 


CHESTER  STEPHEN  MOREY 


CHESTER  STEPHEN  MOREY. 


A/10REY,  CHESTER  STEPHEN,  presi- 
A  dent  and  general  manager  of  the  Great 
Western  Sugar  Company,  founder  of  the 
C.  S.  Morey  Mercantile  Company,  was  born 
March  3,  1847,  at  Medina,  Dane  county,  Wis- 
consin. The  movement  of  the  family  west- 


ward was  started  by  the  grandfather,  who- 
was  born  in  Rhode  Island  in  the  latter  part 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  He  first  went  to 
Crawford  county,  Pennsylvania,  and,  after 
a  brief  stay  in  that  state  pushed  his  way 
across  the  plains  to  the  Badger  state.  Mr. 


-182— 


Morey's  father  was  William  Harrington 
Morey.  His  mother  was  Abigail  Baird 
Morey,  daughter  of  Chester  Baird. 

When  barely  in  his  teens  a  succession  of 
crop  failures  lost  the  Morey  home  and  the 
family  moved  to  Buffalo  county,  where  a  new 
start  was  made  on  another  farm.  Here  for- 
tune gave  them  a  temporary  smile  and  after 
disposing  of  one  good  crop  it  was  determined 
that  young  Morey  might  have  another  short 
period  of  schooling.  He  had  already  at- 
tended two  terms  at  the  district  school. 

On  January  1,  1864,  at  the  age  of  sixteen, 
C.  S.  Morey  laid  down  his  books  and,  passing 
the  scrutiny  of  the  military  officers,  enlisted 
in  Company  I,  Thirty-sixth  Wisconsin  Volun- 
teers. The  fortunes  of  war  saw  him  twice  in 
the  hospital ;  in  the  battles  of  Strawberry 
plains  and  Jerusalem  plank  road ;  on  the  field 
at  the  surrender  of  Lee  at  Appomattox,  and 
marching  finally  in  the  grand  review  at 
Washington.  For  gallantry  in  action  he  was 
promoted  to  corporal  and  to  the  brevet  rank 
of  lieutenant. 

Returning  from  the  war  he  took  up  again 
the  hard  and  unremunerative  work  of  the 
farm.  As  he  labored  through  the  long  days 
before  the  harvest  and  compared  the  small 
returns  to  the  family  for  the  excessive  toil 
faithfully  given  he  concluded  that  a  farmer's 
life  offered  nothing  but  unending  hardship. 
He  would  leave  it. 

He  had  faithfully  saved  his  earnings  and 
went  to  Chicago  to  take  a  course  of  study 
that  would  fit  him  for  the  ministry.  He  had 
'had  one  year  at  high  school  at  Portage,  Wis- 
consin, and  another  year  at  a  private  acad- 
emy at  Waterloo,  Wisconsin.  At  the  conclu- 
sion of  these  studies  he  determined  that  a 
business  career  was  the  one  for  him  and  he 
entered  the  employ  of  Cobb  &  Thome,  a  re- 
tail grocery  house  of  Chicago.  He  began 
with  this  firm  as  a  porter,  the  only  opening 
at  hand,  but  his  close  attention  to  the  busi- 
ness of  his  employers  soon  won  his  promotion 
and  he  was  given  a  position  as  clerk.  A 
little  later  he  secured  employment  as  a  com- 
mencial  traveler  for  the  wholesale  grocery 
house  of  Sprague,  Warner  &  Company,  a  con- 
nection which  marked  the  beginning  of  his 
real  advance. 

In  1872,  C.  S.  Morey  came  to  Colorado, 
partly  to  improve  his  health,  which  had  be- 
come somewhat  impaired  by  too  close  atten- 
tion to  business,  and  partly  to  investigate 
for  himself  the  opportunities  in  the  Rocky 
Mountain  region.  He  had  saved  money  in 
Chicago  and  upon  his  arrival  here  he  in- 
vested his  capital  in  cattle.  His  venture  was 
a  success,  both  physically  and  financially, 


and  at  the  end  of  a  year  he  renewed  his  con- 
nection with  Sprague,  Warner  &  Company, 
becoming  their  western  representative. 

In  his  new  position  Mr.  Morey  had  for  his 
territory  the  entire  country  west  to  the  Pa- 
cific, a  large  part  of  which  he  had  to  cover 
by  stage.  The  inconveniences  and  positive 
hardships  of  this  life  were  many  but  the  re- 
wards were  most  satisfactory.  He  sent  in 
so  much  business  that  his  salary  was  in- 
creased from  $3,000  to  $12,000  a  year.  He 
invested  his  savings  wisely  and  in  1881  he 
became  a  member  of  the  firm  for  which  he 
had  worked,  and  a  branch  was  opened  at 
Denver  with  him  in  charge. 

For  three  years  this  arrangement  ob- 
tained, the  business  showing  steady  increase. 
In  1884,  Mr.  Morey  purchased  the  interests 
of  his  partners  in  the  Denver  business  and 
incorporated  the  C.  S.  Morey  Mercantile 
Company,  a  concern  which  has  been  for 
many  years  a  leading  wholesale  grocery 
house  in  the  west. 

The  name  of  C.  S.  Morey  will  forever  be 
associated  with  the  birth  of  the  beet  sugar 
industry  of  Colorado,  an  industry  which  in 
ten  years'  time  has  added  millions  to  the 
wealth  of  the  state  and  has  piled  values  in 
ever  increasing  degree  upon  the  lands  of 
this  state.  Through  Mr.  C.  A.  Granger,  Mr. 
Morey  became  interested  in  1900  in  a  beet 
sugar  factory  at  Greeley,  and  from  that  time 
dates  his  connection  with  this  great  interest 
of  Colorado. 

Mr.  Morey  invested,  first,  with  the  idea 
of  encouraging  a  new  industry  for  Colorado, 
and  as  success  attended  the  early  efforts  he 
increased  his  holdings,  gradually  resigning 
active  connection  with  his  mercantile  busi- 
ness and  devoting  his  entire  time  and  energy 
to  the  development  of  the  beet  and  its  manu- 
facture into  sugar.  The  business  which  still 
bears  his  name  is  now  under  the  management 
of  his  son,  John  W.  Morey. 

The  growth  of  the  Great  Western  Sugar 
Company  in  the  last  decade  has  been  almost 
phenomenal.  The  company  now  owns  eleven 
factories,  nine  in  Colorado,  one  in  Montana 
and  one  in  Nebraska.  The  sugar  products  of 
the  company  have  a  value  of  twenty  million  a 
year,  and  the  affairs  of  the  corporation  are 
directed  by  C.  S.  Morey,  president. 

Mr.  Morey  married  Anna  Laura  Claugh 
of  Denver,  and  to  them  were  born  a  son, 
John  W.  Morey,  (q.  v.)  and  a  daughter, 
Mary  Louise  Morey,  widow  of  the  late  Barry 
Sullivan.  Mrs.  Morey  died  February  27, 
1890. 

Mr.  Morey  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club  and  the  Denver 
Country  Club. 


—133— 


WALTER  SCOTT  CHEESMAN. 


/CHEESMAN,  WALTER  SCOTT,  capital- 
^--l  1st,  born  June  27,  1838,  at  Hempstead 
Harbor,  Long  Island,  New  York,  died  in 
Denver,  Colorado,  May  31,  1907,  was  the  son 
of  Joseph  B.  and  Grace  Rowling  Cheesman. 
He  is  descended  from  prominent  families  of 
the  colonial  period,  and  later  some  were 
numbered  among  the  patriots  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution.  His  grandfather,  Captain 


the  public  and  high  schools  in  NeAV  York 
City,  and  part  of  his  education  was  obtained 
under  private  tutors.  He  at  first  intended 
to  follow  a  mercantile  life,  as  had  his  father, 
and  for  several  years  was  employed  in  the 
old  New  York  Bank  in  that  city.  In  1854 
he  removed  to  Chicago,  where  he  engaged 
in  the  drug  business,  and  in  1860,  while  still 
a  resident  of  that  city,  he  established  a  drug 


WALTER  SCOTT  CHEESMAN 


Joseph  Cheesman  (1740-1820),  was  commis- 
sioned first  lieutenant  in  Colonel  William 
Malcom's  regiment,  New  York,  serving  one 
year,  and  then  as  captain  of  the  artificers 
at  West  Point,  under  General  Kosciusko. 
His  son,  Joseph  B.  Cheesman,  was  a  mer- 
chant in  New  York  City,  but  during  the 
War  of  1812  served  as  a  captain  in  a  New 
York  regiment. 

Walter  Scott  Cheesman,  his  son,  attended 


store  in  Denver.  In  order  to  give  this  new 
business  his  personal  attention,  Mr.  Chees- 
man moved  to  Denver  in  1861  and  from  that 
time  this  city  became  his  permanent  home. 
His  store  was  opened  in  a  building  at  Fif- 
teenth and  Blake  streets,  one  part  of  it  being 
occupied  by  the  Kountze  Brothers  as  a  bank. 
He  lost  heavily  in  the  great  fire  that  swept 
the  business  center  of  Denver  in  1863,  and 
immediately  went  east,  where  he  purchased 


—  134— 


a  new  and  larger  stock.  A  lot  adjoining 
that  of  Daniels  &  Brown  was  bought  by  him, 
upon  which  he  erected  a  two-storied  build- 
ing. He  withdrew  from  the  drug  business 
in  1874,  having  in  the  meantime  become  in- 
terested in  other  undertakings,  and  from 
that  time  until  his  death  his  name  was 
prominent  as  a  promoter  and  organizer  of 
extensive  and  ambitious  enterprises.  In 
1869-1870  Mr.  Cheesman  became  associ- 
ated with  Governor  John  Evans,  David 
H.  Moffat  and  others  in  the  building  of 
the  •  Denver  &  Pacific  Railway,  then  in 
financial  straits.  They  sold  bonds  in  the 
sum  of  a  million  dollars,  and  through 
their  energy  and  financiering  the  road  was 
completed  to  Cheyenne,  and  in  June,  1870, 
the  first  locomotive  pulled  into  Denver. 
When  this  city  and  region  needed  money 
for  public  enterprise,  and  capital  was  afraid 
to  invest,  Mr.  Cheesman  risked  all  he  pos- 
sessed, but  it  proved  a  fortunate  investment. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Denver 
&  Boulder  Valley  Railroad  Company,  in 
October,  1870,  of  which  he  was  a  trustee 
and  also  vice-president.  He  was  interested 
in  the  Denver  &  South  Park  Railroad,  of 
which  he  was  vice-president,  and  was  also 
one  of  the  projectors  of  the  Denver  &  New 
Orleans,  and  the  Denver,  Texas  &  Fort 
Worth  Railroads,  now  a  part  of  the  Colorado 
&  Southern  System. 

In  1880,  Mr.  Cheesman  organized  the 
Denver  Union  Depot  and  Railway  Company, 
and  was  its  first  president,  a  position  which 
he  held  many  years. 

In  the  meantime  Mr.  Cheesman,  in  1872, 
became  interested  in  the  subject  of  the  water 
supply  for  the  city,  and  assisted  in  the  or- 
ganization of  the  Denver  Water  Company, 
of  which  he  was  elected  president.  In  1888 
he  organized  the  Citizens  Water  Company, 
and  also  the  Mountain  Water  Works  Con- 
struction Company,  becoming  the  president 
of  both  of  these  corporations.  The  Citizens 
and  the  Denver  Water  Companies  were  con- 
solidated in  1894,  and  became  known  as  the 
Denver  Union  Water  Company,  of  which 
Mr.  Cheesman  was  president,  continuing  in 
that  position  until  his  death  in  1907.  He 
thoroughly  investigated  all  the  available 
water  supply  for  the  city,  and  by  the  pur- 
chase of  lakes,  the  building  of  reservoirs, 
and  finally  in  the  construction  of  the  great 
Cheesman  Dam  or  lake,  Denver  has  forever 
been  made  secure  of  an  inexhaustible  and 
pure  water  supply.  The  consummation  of 
his  labors  in  the  perfecting  of  this  great 
system  is  a  lasting  monument  to  his  skill 
and  genius. 


The  Cheesman  Dam  is  one  of  the  most 
wonderful  engineering  achievements  in  the 
West.  It  was  constructed  on  the  South  Fork 
of  .the  South  Platte,  below  the  confluence 
of  Goose  Creek,  and  the  large  lake  or  reser- 
voir thus  made  extends  about  three  miles 
up  Goose  Creek  and  seven  up  the  South 
Fork.  The  depth  at  the  dam  is  220  feet  and 
three  miles  up  it  is  150  feet,  and  at  six  miles 
from  the  dam  it  is  fifty  feet  deep.  It  con- 
tains about  seventy-five  billion  gallons  of 
water,  sufficient  to  supply  Denver  for  five 
years  when  its  population  shall  have  reached 
half  a  million. 

In  1885,  Mr.  Cheesman  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  and  was 
for  a  time  prominently  identified  with  that 
road.  In  addition  to  mining  interests  in 
Leadville,  Creede,  Red  Cliff  and  other  parts 
of  the  state,  he  was  one  of  the  largest  real 
estate  owners  in  Denver.  From  the  early 
days  in  Denver  he  put  his  faith  in  this  city, 
both  as  a  railroad  builder  and  an  investor 
When  others  doubted,  he  was  an  optimist. 
More  than  once  he  risked  his  fortune  to 
further  the  advancement  of  Denver  and 
Colorado. 

For  thirty  years  Mr.  Cheesman  was  a 
director  and  vice-president  of  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Denver.  He  was  also  presi- 
dent of  the  First  National  Bank  at  Aspen. 
He  was  liberal  and  generous,  many  of  his 
gifts  being  unknown  to  the  general  public. 
Kindness  and  sympathy  were  among  his 
strongest  traits.  He  not  only  had  a  warm 
heart  for  his  fellow-man,  but  for  the  dumb 
brute  as  well.  Mr.  Cheesman  for  many  years 
was  the  mainstay  and  support  of  the  Colo- 
rado Humane  Society  of  which  he  was  also 
the  president. 

His  heirs  contributed  $100,000  for  the 
memorial  in  Cheesman  Park,  formerly  the 
old  Congressional  park  and  cemetery,  which 
is  now  known  as  Cheesman  Park,  where  a 
handsome  marble  Memorial  Building  has 
been  erected  that  is  one  of  the  chief  attrac- 
tions in  the  city. 

Mr.  Cheesman  married,  November  2, 
1885,  Mrs.  Alice  Foster  Sanger,  daughter  of 
John  Wells  and  Lydia  (Converse)  Foster. 
Mrs.  Cheesman  is  descended  from  Myles 
Standish,  who  came  over  in  the  Mayflower. 
She  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Mayflower 
Descendants,  Colonial  Dames,  and  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 

To  them  was  born  a  daughter,  Gladys, 
now  the  wife  of  John  Evans,  son  of  William 
G.,  and  grandson  of  Governor  John  Evans 
(q.  v.).  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Evans  have  a 
daughter  named  Alice,  born  May  15,  1911. 


—135— 


CHARLES  HALLACK 


CHARLES  HALLACK 


T-TALLACK,  CHARLES,  lumber  merchant 
A  A  and  manufacturer,  born  March  22,  1828, 
in  Bethany.  Genesee  county,  New  York, 
died  Denver,  March  3,  1906,  was  the  son  of 
John  D.  and  Sarah  Hallack.  His  ancestry 


dates  back  to  colonial  days.  His  father,  farmer, 
miller,  manufacturer,  was  born  Nov.  6,  1790, 
died  Aug.  13,  1865  at  Bethany,  N.  Y.  His 
mother  was  born  Dec.  12,  1792  and  died 
Sep.  1,  1872. 


—136— 


Charles  Hallack  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  spent  the  first  twenty-eight 
years  of  his  life  on  a  farm  in  his  native  county. 
In  1857  he  removed  to  Menden,  St.  Joseph 
county,  Michigan,  where  he  formed  a  part- 
nership in  the  mercantile  business  with  Mr. 
Lyman,  and  there  continued  in  the  same  for 
eight  years.  Removing  to  Highland,  Don- 
iphan  county,  Kansas,  in  1864,  he  was  there 
engaged  for  about  two  years  in  the  stock 
business.  In  1866  he  became  interested  with 
his  brother,  Erastus  F.  Hallack  in  the  lumber 
business,  and  shipped  freight  to  Denver. 
He  followed  the  next  year,  crossing  the  plains 
in  a  wagon  with  his  wife,  and  settled  in  this 
city,  in  May,  1867,  which  became  his  perma- 
nent residence.  The  Hallack  Brothers  built 
a  planing  mill.  As  Denver  was  then  the  cen- 
ter of  activity,  rapidly  building  and  expanding, 
they  prospered  in  business  and  were  soon 
compelled  to  enlarge  their  plant.  They  be- 
came known  as  one  of  the  most  reliable  firms 
in  the  west,  and  their  trade  grew  and  flourish- 
ed. 

Mr.  Charles  Hallack  was  a  man  of  in- 
tegrity, thrift,  energy,  and  enterprise,  known 
and  recognized  as  one  of  the  foremost  busi- 
ness men  of  the  city.  The  firm  name  was 
changed  to  that  of  Hallack  &  Howard,  when 
Charles  and  J.  H.  Howard  became  interested 
with  them  in  the  business,  in  1877.  His 
brother,  E.  F.  Hallack,  retired  from  the  firm 
in  1879  to  engage  in  a  separate  enterprise. 
Charles  Hallack  continued  in  active  business 
until  1895,  when  he  sold  out  his  interest  in 
the  Hallack  &  Howard  Lumber  Company  and 
retired. 

Mr.  Hallack  was  one  of  the  promoters  and 
organizers  of  the  old  State  National  Bank  in 
1882,  and  was  a  member  of  its  first  board  of 
directors.  This  bank  opened  in  a  small  apart- 
ment on  16th  street  in  the  rear  portion  of  the 
McClintock  block,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$120,000.  When  the  First  National,  which 
then  occupied  the  corner  of  the  same  building, 
was  transferred  to  the  Tabor  Block  across 
Larimer  street,  the  State  National  took  its 
place.  Mr.  Hallack  was  the  president  of  the 
latter  in  1884.  He  also  made  investments 
in  other  enterprises,  and  became  one  of  the 
wealthy  men  of  the  state.  After  retiring 
from  active  business,  he  spent  his  time  at  his 
home,  1315  California  street,  and  in  attend- 
ing to  his  large  and  extensive  property  in- 
interests.  He  was  charitable,  but  in  the 
quiet  and  unostentatious  way.  Being  averse 
to  publicity,  much  of  the  good  that  was  done 
by  his  helping  hand  will  never  be  known. 


He  not  only  relieved  cases  of  distress  to  which 
his  attention  had  been  called,  but  often  sought 
them  out,  giving  liberally  to  the  needy  with- 
out the  source  of  the  benefaction  becoming 
known  to  them. 

The  old  and  original  home  at  13th  and 
California,  on  the  site  of  which  now  stands 
the  present  handsome  residence,  is  still  occu- 
pied by  the  family.  Mr  Hallack  instructed 
his  brother,  Erastus  F.,  who  preceded  him  to 
Denver  about  a  year,  to  buy  him  a  home,  and 
he  purchased  the  present  site,  on  what  was 
then  known  as  E.  street.  The  first  structure 
was  a  modest  one  and  a  half  story  frame 
dwelling,  which  was  torn  down  in  1889,  and 
the  present  elegant  home  was  built.  Addi- 
tional ground  was  bought,  and  a  beautiful 
lawn  was  made.  Mr.  Hallack  set  out  the 
trees  and  sowed  the  grass  for  this,  the  first 
lawn  in  Denver. 

He  was  profoundly  interested  in  arbori- 
culture and  personally  cared  for  and  tended 
the  three  generations  of  big  trees  which  now 
adorn  the  lawn  of  the  family  home.  He 
served  for  a  time  as  one  of  the  Park  Commis- 
sioners of  Denver,  and  it  was  during  his  ad- 
ministration of  this  office  that  the  lake  at  the 
City  Park  was  built.  He  personally  super- 
vised this  work,  and  in  a  large  measure,  the 
credit  for  the  beautification  of  Denver's 
park  system  is  due  to  his  indefatigable  ef- 
forts and  excellent  taste. 

Mr.  Hallack  passed  away  at  St.  Joseph's 
hospital  after  submitting  to  a  serious  opera- 
tion to  relieve  a  complicated  and  long  stand- 
ing trouble. 

Mr.  Hallack  married  Miss  Rachel  L. 
daughter  of  John  Wilkinson  (born  1806)  and 
Sarah  Clapp  (born  Knox,  1811)  Fletcher, 
who  were  married  in  1831.  Mrs.  Hallack's 
grandfather,  William,  was  the  son  of  Captain 
William  Fletcher  of  distinguished  Revo- 
lutionary service.  He  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  a  detachment  of  Captain  Jonathan  Thayer's 
Company,  Col.  Barnes'  regiment,  serving 
throughout  the  Revolution  and  being  pro- 
moted to  a  captaincy  in  Colonel  Simon's 
regiment.  He  retired  with  a  Captain's  com- 
mission. He  was  descended  from  Robert 
Fletcher,  whose  old  home  is  now  the  museum 
of  Concord,  Mass. 

Mr.  Hallack  is  survived  by  his  widow,  and 
two  children,  both  born  in  Denver,  Miss 
Gertrude  Fletcher  (Mrs.  [Dr.]  Arnold  Steven 
Taussig);  and  Charles  Hallack,  Jr.,  who  is 
now  (1911)  engaged  in  the  lumber  and  manu- 
facturing business  at  Spokane,  Washington. 


—137— 


CHARLES  SCOTT  JOHNSON 


—138— 


CHARLES  SCOTT  JOHNSON. 


JOHNSON,  CHARLES  SCOTT,  railroad 
J  president,  born  February  21,  1865,  in  "Wa- 
terloo, New  York,  is  the  son  of  P.  W.  (whole- 
sale lumberman  and  manufacturer)  and  An- 
nie L.  Johnson.  After  graduating  from  high 
school,  he  kept  books  for  a  time  in  the  ex- 
tensive establishment  operated  by  his  father. 
It  was  this  practical  school  of  experience 
that  gave  him  an  insight  into  business  meth- 
ods and  developed  the  executive  ability  and 
skill  with  which  he  now  conducts  large  en- 
terprises in  a  successful  manner. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  one  of  the  founders  and 
secretary  of  The  Western  Mutual  Life  Insu- 
rance Company,  of  Chicago,  and  had  charge 
of  their  extensive  agency  force  there  during 
the  five  years  of  his  association  with  that 
company,  and  in  that  capacity  placed  over 
$15,000,000  of  insurance  at  risk.  He  after- 
wards organized  The  Natural  Carbonic  Gas 
Company  of  Saratoga  Springs,  New  York, 
and  was  the  active  head  of  that  business  com- 
mercially some  five  years,  until  he  came  to 
the  west  to  become  interested  in  the  projects 
with  which  he  is  now  associated. 

He  is  now  president  of  the  Denver,  Lara- 
mie  &  Northwestern  railroad,  which  was 
chartered  February  9,  1910,  as  successor  to 
the  Denver,  Laramie  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
way Company. 

This  railroad  is  projected  to  extend  from 


Denver  to  Boise,  about  750  miles.  The  line 
from  Denver  to  Greeley,  now  in  operation, 
including  sidings,  is  56.16  miles  in  length. 
On  January  1,  1911,  the  company  began  the 
year's  work  with  twelve  miles  of  construc- 
tion under  way  west  of  Greeley,  and  since 
that  time,  has  been  rapidly  pushing  the  ex- 
tension of  the  road.  This  road  is  one  of  the 
new  and  most  important  railway  connections 
for  Denver,  opening  new  and  rich  fields  for 
investment  and  development  that  will  add 
much  to  the  wealth  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region.  Mr.  Johnson,  who  came  to  this  state 
in  July,  1907,  has  shown  splendid  executive 
force  and  ability  in  financing  and  promoting 
this  great  enterprise. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  also  one  of  the  organi- 
zers of  the  Northwestern  Land  &  Iron  Com- 
pany, and  financed  that  company  to  the  ex- 
tent of  two  million  dollars.  He  also  helped 
to  organize  and  finance  The  Denver-Laramie 
Realty  Company,  and  is  now  (1911)  assisting 
in  financing  The  Colorado-Wyoming  Coal 
Company — both  large  corporations. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Traffic  Club,  Colo- 
rado Golf  Club  and  the  Denver  Chamber  of 
Commerce. 

Mr.  Johnson  married,  in  Chicago,  October 
9,  1888,  Miss  Grace  Russell,  daughter  of 
Benjamin  Russell  Cutler  of  that  city.  They 
have  two  children,  Earl  R.  and  Ralph  C. 


—139— 


ALEXIS  du  PONT  PARKER 


ALEXIS  du  PONT  PARKER. 


DARKER,  ALEXIS  du  PONT,  born  July 
*  26,  1859,  at  Wilmington,  Delaware,  the 
son  of  Stevens  Parker,  D.  D.,  an  Episcopal 
clergyman,  and  Mary  (Griffitts  Lewis)  Parker. 
The  first  of  the  family  to  settle  in  America 


was  William  Parker,  lawyer,  who  came  from 
London  in  the  early  part  of  1700,  and  en- 
tered upon  the  practice  of  his  profession  at 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire.  Dr.  Stevens 
Parker  was  born  Oct.  25,  1830  and  died 


—140— 


March  15,  1894.  The  parents  of  A.  D.  Par- 
ker's mother  were  Charles  Smith  Lewis  and 
Mary  Griffitts)  Lewis. 

A.  D.  Parker,  vice  president  of  the  Colo- 
rado &  Southern  Railroad,  was  educated  for 
the  church.  The  men  of  his  house  have  all 
been  lawyers,  or  preachers  of  the  Gospel. 
His  great  grandfather  was  the  bishop  of  the 
Episcopal  diocese  of  Massachusetts  and  he 
but  followed  the  course  of  family  tradition 
in  the  plans  adopted  for  his  education.  At 
the  age  of  twenty,  he  received  his  academic 
degree  of  A.  B.  from  Racine  College,  from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1879. 
Three  years  later,  his  alma  mater  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  A.  M. 

After  leaving  Racine,  Mr.  Parker  entered 
the  General  Theological  Seminary  at  New 
York  City,  and  was  graduated  in  1883,  with 
the  degree  of  S.  T.  B. 

But  A.  D.  Parker  was  destined  for  a  ca- 
reer of  greater  activity  than  is  experienced 
in  the  life  of  a  minister  of  the  Gospel.  The 
call  of  the  west  beckoned  him  after  leaving 
the  seminary,  and  he  came  to  Colorado, 
reaching  Denver  May  30,  1883.  On  June 
15,  1883,  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railroad  as  a  section  laborer. 
His  rise  in  the  railroad  world,  from  section 
hand  to  vice  president  of  a  vast  railroad 
system,  is  one  of  the  wonder  tales  of  the  West 
where  custom  decrees  large  rewards  for  honest 
and  efficient  service. 

It  was  characteristic  of  A.  D.  Parker  that, 
having  selected  the  railroad  business  as  his 
life  work,  he  determined  to  learn  it  thoroughly, 
beginning  at  the  bottom  and  mastering  its 
details  in  all  branches.  The  idea  of  advance- 
ment was  ever  in  his  mind.  On  the  day  he 
grasped  his  rough  tools,  prepared  to  do  a  man's 
work  in  whatever  station  fortune  might  place 
him,  the  conviction  was  strong  within  him 
that  his  first  employment  was  but  the  start- 
ing point  of  his  career.  In  a  short  time  he 
was  made  foreman  of  the  section.  He  remained 
at  this  work  until  he  became  acquainted  with 
every  detail  of  railroad  construction  and  then 
was  promoted, 

From  the  railroad  grade,  Mr.  Parker  went 
into  the  machine  shops.  He  began  as  an 
apprentice  and  learned  the  trade.  It  may 
seem  tedious  to  the  young  man  of  today  to 
contemplate  the  years  of  preparation,  but 
Parker  never  doubted  the  wisdom  of  his 
course,  nor  regretted  the  time  he  spent  in 
securing  the  equipment  that  should  make  him 
qualified  for  the  position  of  high  responsi- 
bility awaiting  him  at  the  end. 

After    leaving    the    machine    shops,    Mr. 


Parker  took  a  position  as  clerk  in  the  general 
office  of  the  Colorado  &  Southern.  One  pro- 
motion followed  another  until  he  finally  was 
made  general  auditor  for  the  entire  system. 
After  holding  the  position  for  several  years, 
Mr.  Parker  in  1905,  was  made  vice-president 
and  general  manager.  Upon  the  retirement  of 
President  Frank  Trumbul  Mr.  Parker's  duties 
as  vice  president  were  greatly  enlarged.  The 
hardships  and  sacrifices  attendant  upon 
the  years  of  preparation  on  the  section, 
in  the  machine  shops  and  as  subordinate 
clerk,  finally  won  their  reward. 

The  same  steadfastness  of  purpose  that 
won  his  advancement  from  section  laborer 
to  railroad  vice  president  also  brought  mar- 
velous success  to  Mr. Parker  in  his  mining  in- 
vestments. While  employed  as  section  fore- 
man, Mr.  Parker  formed  the  acquaintance  of 
Thomas  Lockhart,  a  miner  and  prospector 
of  large  experience  and  expect  knowledge. 
It  did  not  take  Mr.  Parker  long  to  decide  that 
Lockhart  was  a  man  whose  honesty  and  judg- 
ment could  be  safely  capitalized.  The  two 
entered  into  a  partnership  and  for  several  years 
the  railroad  man  "  grub-staked "  the  miner. 
Every  month  a  certain  sum  was  appropriated 
out  of  his  salary  by  Mr.  Parker  for  the  needs 
of  his  mining  partner.  Lockhart  scoured  the 
mountain  sides  of  Colorado  for  years  with 
indifferent  success.  Finally,  when  reports  of 
gold  discoveries  in  Southern  Nevada  were 
given  to  the  world,  he  set  out  for  Tonopah. 
There  he  located  some  claims  in  the  new  dis- 
trict, which  gave  evidences  of  being  producers 
ultimately,  but  greater  fortune  was  yet  in 
store  for  them.  Lockhart  was  one  of  the 
first  in  the  new  camp  of  Goldfield,  thirty 
miles  to  the  south.  His  practiced  eye  se- 
lected the  claims  which  now  constitute  the 
holdings  of  the  Florence  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  two  great  mining  companies 
of  the  Goldfield  district.  Mr.  Parker's  share 
in  the  bonanza  has  made  him  a  millionaire 
several  times  over. 

Mr.  Parker,  on  Sept.  14,  1887,  married 
Eliza  Bowley  Bryan  at  Baltimore,  Mary- 
land. They  have  three  children,  all  girls, 
Anne  Bryan  Parker,  Helen  Lewis  Parker  and 
Emily  Le  Compte  Parker. 

While  in  no  sense  a  devotee  of  society, 
Mr.  Parker  holds  memberships  in  a  number  of 
prominent  clubs.  These  include  the  Uni- 
versity Club  of  Chicago,  University  Club, 
Denver,  Denver  Club,  Denver  Country  Club, 
El  Paso  Club,  Colorado  Springs,  Montezuma 
Club,  Goldfield,  Nevada,  and  the  Traffic  Club, 
Denver. 


—141— 


LAWRENCE  COWLE  PHIPPS 


LAWRENCE  COWLE  PHIPPS. 


LAWRENCE  COWLE,  retired 
••  steel  manufacturer,  capitalist,  philan- 
thropist, was  born  in  Amwell  township, 
Washington  county,  Pennsylvania,  August 
30,  1862.  His  father  was  William  Henry 


Phipps,  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  born  March 
27,    1825,    died    November    28,    1902.      His 
mother  was  Agnes  McCall  Phipps,  daughter 
of  William  and  Elizabeth  Johnson  McCall. 
The  history  of  the  steel  business  in  Amer- 


—142— 


ica  is  the  story  of  the  life  work  of  Carnegie 
and  the  men  of  the  Phipps  family  and  those 
they  gathered  around  them.  The  marvelous 
development  of  production,  manufacture  and 
distribution,  the  welding  together  of  scores 
of  individual  plants,  the  adjustment  on  an 
economic  basis  of  the  labor  of  a  hundred 
thousand  men,  and  the  scientific  marketing 
of  the  fruits  of  their  labor  so  that  the  intri- 
cate organization  thus  built  up  should  move 
smoothly  and  easily,  is  a  monument  to  those 
whose  daring  imagination  conceived  the 
dream  and  whose  executive  capacity  carried 
it  out. 

Lawrence  Cowle  Phipps  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  of  Pittsburgh,  to  which  city  the 
family  moved  when  he  was  five  years  of  age. 
At  sixteen  he  was  graduated  from  the 
Pittsburgh  High  School  and  soon  there- 
after entered  into  the  world  of  busi- 
ness and  manufacture  in  the  office  of 
Carnegie  Brothers  &  Company,  Limited. 
He  was  assigned  to  a  place  at  the  Upper 
Union  Mills,  Thirty-third  street,  Pitts- 
burgh, remaining  there  until  December  1, 
1887.  These  were  the  years  of  his  appren- 
ticeship given  under  the  watchful  care  of 
men  who  even  then  were  coming  to  be  recog- 
nized as  the  greatest  masters  of  the  busi- 
ness in  the  country.  In  these  offices  he 
served  in  various  capacities,  holding  the  posi- 
tion of  bookkeeper  when  the  properties  were 
transferred  to  the  firm  of  Carnegie,  Phipps 
&  Company,  Limited. 

With  the  change,  his  position  was  im- 
proved, a  place  of  larger  responsibility  being 
given  him  in  the  city  offices.  So  well  did 
he  discharge  the  trust  committed  to  him  that 
on  October  1,  1888,  at  the  age  of  twenty-six 
years,  he  was  given  an  interest  in  the  busi- 
ness of  Carnegie,  Phipps  &  Company,  Lim- 
ited, and  also  in  that  of  Carnegie  Brothers 
&  Company,  Limited,  the  latter  corporation 
owning  the  Edgar  Thompson  Steel  "Works 
and  other  properties. 

On  September  5,  1885,  he  married  Miss 
Loomis  of  Pittsburgh.  A  son,  Lawrence  C. 
Phipps,  Jr.,  and  a  daughter,  Emma  L. 
Phipps,  were  born  to  them.  Mrs.  Phipps 
died  in  July,  1888. 

Upon  his  introduction  into  the  firm  he 
was  made  treasurer  of  Carnegie,  Phipps  & 
Company,  Limited,  and  two  years  later  he 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Man- 
agers of  Carnegie  Brothers  &  Company,  Lim- 
ited, and  of  Carnegie,  Phipps  &  Company, 
Limited.  On  July  1,  1892,  upon  the  organ- 
ization of  the  Carnegie  Steel  Company,  Lim- 


ited, by  the  consolidation  of  the  several  Car- 
negie interests,  he  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  Board  of  Managers,  and  assistant 
treasurer  of  the  new  company.  Later  he 
was  made  treasurer  and  subsequently,  in 
1894,  he  was  elected  second  vice-president 
of  the  company. 

In  1900  the  Carnegie  Company  was 
formed  to  take  over  the  Carnegie  Steel  Com- 
pany, the  H.  C.  Frick  Coke  Company,  the 
Oliver  Iron  Mining  Company,  the  Pittsburgh, 
Bessemer  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad  Company, 
and  many  other  affiliated  companies.  Mr. 
Phipps  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board 
of  Managers  of  the  new  holding  company 
and  first  vice-president.  Until  the  Carnegie 
interests  were  absorbed  by  the  United  States 
Steel  Corporation,  on  April  1,  1901,  he  re- 
tained these  offices.  At  that  time  he  resigned 
all  positions  and  retired  from  active  business. 

On  April  22,  1897,  he  married  Miss  Chand- 
ler of  Pittsburgh,  by  whom  there  were  two 
children :  Dorothy  Chandler  Phipps  and 
Helen  Chandler  Phipps.  The  family  ac- 
quired a  residence  in  Denver,  Colorado,  in 
the  fall  of  1901,  and  subsequently  disposed 
of  the  Pittsburgh  residence. 

In  the  Agnes  Memorial  Sanatorium,  in- 
stituted in  1904,  Mr.  Phipps  has  erected  an 
enduring  monument  to  his  charity  and  has 
earned  the  grateful  regard  of  hundreds  of 
sufferers  from  the  white  plague,  who  have 
found  recovery  at  the  institution.  The  San- 
atorium is  situated  in  the  Montclair  subur- 
ban district  of  Denver  upon  a  commanding 
estate  of  forty  acres.  Mr.  Phipps,  besides 
providing  all  expense  of  first  cost  and  con- 
struction, has  given  a  generous  endowment 
to  meet  the  annual  deficiency.  The  institu- 
tion is  a  model  of  its  kind,  splendidly 
equipped  for  housing  one  hundred  and  fifty 
patients.  Since  it  was  opened  on  July  1, 
1904,  it  has  established  a  remarkable  record 
for  effecting  cures  of  tuberculosis. 

Since  his  retirement  from  business  in 
1901,  Mr.  Phipps  has  spent  much  of  his  time 
in  travel,  both  in  this  country  and  abroad. 
Being  fond  of  outdoor  life  he  has  devoted 
himself  to  golf,  riding,  fishing  and  shooting. 
His  park  near  Wagon  Wheel  Gap,  in  Min- 
eral county,  is  one  of  the  finest  natural  pre- 
serves in  the  country.  On  this  estate  are  to 
be  found  some  of  the  rarest  birds  and  animals 
extant.  The  streams  within  the  enclosure 
are  stocked  with  an  abundance  of  fish. 

On  January  25,  1911,  Mr.  Phipps  married 
Miss  Margaret  Rogers,  daughter  of  Judge 
Platt  Rogers  of  Denver. 


—143— 


JOEL  FREDERICK  VAILE 


—144— 


JOEL  FREDERICK  VAILE. 


AILE,  JOEL  FREDERICK,  was  born  at 
Centerville,  Indiana,  iMarch  14,  1848. 
He  is  descended  on  his  mother's  side  from 
Elder  William  Brewster,  the  leader  of  that 
devoted  little  band  who  landed  from  the 
Mayflower  on  the  bleak  and  rock-bound  coast 
in  1620,  and  whose  influence  for  good  in  the 
American  character  is  recognized  today, 
three  centuries  after  they  gave  thanksgiving 
on  Plymouth  Rock  for  safe  delivery  from  the 
perils  of  the  deep  and  from  the  persecutions 
of  the  mother  country. 

The  same  lofty  ideals  and  capacity  for 
leadership  that  placed  Elder  "William  Brew- 
ster at  the  head  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  de- 
scended to  his  progeny,  and  they  proved 
themselves  worthy  scions  of  an  illustrious 
sire.  Colonel  Benjamin  Hammond,  who  was 
an  ancestor  of  Mr.  Vaile's,  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  and  in  later  en- 
gagements during  the  Revolution. 

Rawson  Vaile,  father  of  Joel  F.  Vaile, 
was  born  May  20,  1812,  and  died  in  Decem- 
ber, 1888,  at  Kokomo,  Indiana.  For  nearly 
half  a  century  he  was  a  successful  practi- 
tioner before  the  Indiana  bar,  and  it  was 
from  him  that  his  son  acquired  his  liking  for 
the  law  and  received  his  early  training  in 
the  profession. 

Joel  F.  Vaile  received  his  education  in 
the  public  schools  of  Indiana  and  at  Oberlin 
College,  Ohio,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1872.  After  leaving  college  young  Vaile 
entered  his  father's  office  and  two  years 
later  became  associated  with  him  in  the 
practice  of  law. 

While  he  never  sought  political  office, 
he  always  took  an  active  interest  in  public 
affairs  and  was  soon  recognized  by  the  lead- 
ers of  his  party,  as  a  young  man  of  excep- 
tional promise,  possessed  of  convincing  de- 
livery and  attractive  address.  When  barely 
thirty  years  of  age,  he  was  elected  prose- 
cuting attorney  of  the  Thirty-sixth  Judicial 
District  of  Indiana,  serving  in  that  capacity 
during  1878  and  1879.  He  established  for 
himself  during  that  term  of  office  an  envi- 
able reputation  as  an  able  and  fearless  offi- 
cial. 

The  next  year,  1880,  was  held  the  his- 
toric convention  of  the  republican  party  at 
Chicago,  where  the  Stalwarts,  under  the 


leadership  of  Roscoe  Conkling,  sought  to 
force  the  nomination  of  the  beloved  Grant 
for  the  third  time.  Although  it  was  a  dis- 
tinction invariably  conferred  upon  the  older 
members  of  the  party,  yet  the  people  of 
Vaile 's  district  elected  him  a  delegate  to  this 
memorable  gathering.  There,  as  a  young 
man,  he  saw  and  came  into  close  personal 
contact  with  the  giants  in  intellect  whose 
names  are  enrolled  on  the  pages  of  national 
history. 

Although  a  great  admirer  of  President 
Grant  and  warmly  disposed  toward  the  im- 
petuous and  commanding  Conkling,  Vaile 
could  not  support  their  program.  He  voted 
for  the  precedent  established  by  Washing- 
ton, and  Garfield  was  nominated. 

In  1882,  Mr.  Vaile  came  to  Colorado, 
settling  at  Denver.  Soon  thereafter  he 
formed  a  partnership  with  Senator  Edward 
0.  Wolcott  (q.  v.)  and  through  their  offices 
passed  the  most  important  litigation  tried  in 
the  state.  Upon  the  death  of  Senator  Wol- 
cott in  January,  1905,  Mr.  Vaile  became  gen- 
eral counsel  for  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
railroad. 

While  the  heavy  responsibilities  of  his 
position  as  general  counsel  of  the  Denver 
and  Rio  Grande  Railroad  Company  have 
large  claims  upon  his  time,  it  is  yet  a  fact 
that  the  firm  of  which  Mr.  Vaile  is  now 
senior  partner  has  figured  in  most  of  the  im- 
portant law  suits  tried  in  this  state  during 
the  last  two  decades. 

Mr.  Vaile  was  married  August  10,  1875, 
at  West  Brookfield,  Massachusetts,  to  Char- 
lotte M.  White.  Two  sons  and  two  daugh- 
ters are  the  result  of  the  union,  William  N. 
Vaile,  junior  member  of  the  firm  of  Vaile, 
McAllister  &  Vaile ;  Gertrude  Vaile,  Louis  F. 
Vaile  and  Lucretia  Vaile. 

Mr.  Vaile  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club, 
and  has  memberships  in  the  University  Club 
of  Denver,  the  Denver  Athletic  Club  and  the 
Metropolitan  Club  of  New  York. 

During  his  residence  in  Colorado,  Mr. 
Vaile  has  not  participated  actively  in  poli- 
tics, although  he  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
strongest  men  in  the  republican  party.  In 
recognition  of  his  ability  his  name  has  been 
suggested  a  number  of  times  as  the  choice 
of  his  party  for  the  high  office  of  United 
States  senator. 


—145— 


DELOS  ALLEN  CHAPPELL 


—146— 


DELOS  ALLEN  CHAPPELL. 


/CHAPPELL,  DELOS  ALLEN,  civil  engi- 
^  neer,  capitalist,  born  in  Williamson, 
Wayne  county,  N.  Y.,  April  29,  1846,  was  the 
son  of  Allen  Darwin  and  Lydia  DeLano 
(Hart)  Chappell.  The  family  was  originally 
of  French  extraction,  later  finding  a  home  in 
England.  The  American  ancestor  in  the 
paternal  line  was  George  Chappell,  who  emi- 
grated from  London,  England,  March  16, 
1634,  in  the  ship  "Christian,"  first  settling  at 
Windsor,  Conn.,  thence  removing  in  1649, 
to  New  London,  Conn.,  where  somejiof  the  later 
generations  of  the  family  still  reside.  During 
their  respective  times,  the  family  partici- 
pated in  the  American  Revolution,  the  Mexi- 
can and  Civil  Wars.  His  father,  Allen  Dar- 
win Chappell,  a  farmer,  (son  of  Betsy  (Allen) 
Chappell,  niece  of  Col.  Ethan  Allen  of  Vt., 
one  of  the  heroes  of  the  American  Revolution) 
born  in  Rutland,  Vt.,  May  7,  1815,  died  Jan. 
24,  1899,  held  a  captian's  commission  under 
William  H.  Seward,  Governor  of  New  York. 

Delos  A.  Chappell,  the  son,  attended  a 
country  school  near  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  until 
14,  prepared  at  Olivet  College  for  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan,  becoming  a  student  at 
the  latter  in  the  fall  of  1866.  At  the  close  of 
his  junior  year,  owing  to  an  accident  that 
befell  his  father,  he  was  compelled  to  leave 
the  university,  and  take  charge  of  the  farm, 
residing  there  until  1873.  That  same  year, 
he  removed  to  Chicago  where  he  opened  an 
office  as  an  engineer  and  contractor.  While 
on  business  at  Appleton,  Wis.,  in  1879,  he 
was  approached  by  some  citizens  of  Trinidad, 
Colo.,  who  requested  him  to  visit  that  town, 
with  a  desire  that  he  construct  water  works 
for  that  place.  Complying  with  their  re- 
quest, he  went  to  Trinidad  that  year,  and 
built  the  water  works  as  a  private  enterprise. 
On  this,  his  first  trip  to  Trinidad,  he  realized 
the  wonderful  resources  of  that  region,  the 
state  and  the  west,  which  resulted  later  in 
his  making  that  town  his  residence  in  1883, 
after  ten  years  of  activity  from  his  Chicago 
office,  in  the  construction  of  public  works  in 
New  England  and  the  middle  west. 

At  Trinidad,  Mr.  Chappell  acquired  a  one 


quarter  interest  in  the  First  National  Bank, 
and  in  addition  to  operating  the  city  water 
works,  became  identified  with  the  develop- 
ment of  the  coal  and  coke  industry  of  south- 
ern Colorado.  During  this  period  (from 
1883  to  1905)  a  number  of  mines  and  coke 
plants  were  organized  or  acquired  in  Las 
Animas,  Huerfano,  and  Fremont  counties, 
and  were  finally  consolidated  under  the  cor- 
porate name  of  the  Victor  Fuel  Company, 
with  an  owned  area  of  30,000  acres  of  selected 
coal  lands.  In  October,  1897,  he  sold  the 
water  works  to  the  City  of  Trinidad,  and  in 
May,  1898,  removed  to  Denver  with  the 
Victor  Fuel  Company  offices.  In  the  sum- 
mer of  1902,  in  company  with  H.  J.  Alexander, 
he  organized  the  Capitol  National  Bank  of 
Denver.  He  sold  his  interest  in  the  Victor 
Fuel  Company,  in  1905,  to  J.  C.  Osgood. 
The  next  two  years,  he  spent  in  Europe,  in 
rest  and  recreation,  returning  to  Denver  in 
1907.  He  then  accepted  the  presidency  and 
management  of  the  Nevada-California  Power 
Company  and  the  Hydro-Electric  Company, 
furnishing  light  and  power  in  Nevada  and 
southern  California.  Since  1898  he  has  made 
Denver  his  residence,  spending  a  part  of  his 
time  in  southern  California. 

Faith  in  the  resources  of  Colorado,  to- 
gether with  good  business  judgment,  and 
with  the  strong  executive  force  and  ability 
to  plan  and  carry  out  great  enterprises,  re- 
sulted in  making  Mr.  Chappell  one  of  the 
wealthy  men  of  the  state,  and  one  of  its  most 
prominent  citizens  and  financiers.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Denver  Club ;  Denver  Country 
Club;  and  Santa  Barbara  (California)  Coun- 
try Club. 

Mr.  Chappell  married,  Dec.  19,  1883,  Miss 
May  C.,  daughter  of  Alonzo  and  Grace  E. 
Hastings  of  Trinidad,  Colorado.  Mrs.  Chap- 
pell is  a  lady  of  many  accomplishements,  de- 
scended from  an  illustrious  ancestry  of  the 
colonial  period,  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution. 
They  have  two  children:  Jean  Louise,  an 
accomplished  musician;  and  Delos  Allen,  Jr. 


—147— 


CHARLES  CLARK  WELCH. 


TT7ELCH,  CHARLES  CLARK,  capitalist, 
*^  was  born  in  Pamelia,  Jefferson  county, 
New  York,  June  14,  1830;  he  died  in  Jack- 
sonville, Florida,  February  1,  1908,  where 
he  had  gone  for  his  health. 

He  was  the  son  of  Charles  Welch,  Jr.,  and 
Pamelia  La  Valley  Welch.  He  was  of  French 
ancestry  through  the  La  Valley  family,  which 


the  founders  of  Norwich,  Connecticut,  and 
deputy  governor  of  the  Connecticut  colony. 
His  great  grandfather,  William  Webb,  served 
in  the  Revolution  on  the  Battleship  Trumbull 
in  1777,  was  taken  prisoner  by  the  British  and 
was  confined  on  the  notorious  British  priso  n- 
ship  Jersey;  from  which,  after  untold  hard- 
ships, he  escaped.  After  the  Revolution  was 


CHARLES  CLARK  WELCH 


originally  came  from  France  and  settled  in 
Rhode  Island,  and  was  among  the  founders 
of  Providence.  On  the  paternal  side  he  was 
of  Scotch  and  English  extraction.  Mr. 
Welch  was  a  descendent  of  elder  William 
Brewster,  who  was  the  pastor  of  the  May- 
flower Colony,  and  came  with  the  Pilgrim 
Fathers  to  Plymouth  in  1620.  He  was  also 
a  descendent  of  Major  John  Mason,  one  of 


over  he  came  to  northern  New  York,  where 
he  was  a  sturdy  pioneer. 

Mr.  Welch's  father,  Charles  Welch,  Jr.. 
was  descended  from  a  distinguished  colonial 
family  of  Connecticut;  was  a  farmer,  and 
was  the  first  white  child  born  north  of  the 
Black  River,  in  the  State  of  New  York. 
Charles  Clark  Welch,  the  son,  alternated  his 
attendance  in  the  public  schools  with  work 


—148— 


on  the  farm.  At  the  age  of  fifteen,  he  en- 
tered the  Academy  of  Watertown,  New  York, 
and  there  prepared  himself  for  the  profession... 
of  teaching;  which  he  successfully  followed 
until  1850. 

In  March  of  that  year,  he  sailed  for  Cali- 
fornia via  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  and  ar- 
rived in  San  Francisco  the  latter  part  of 
May.  For  two  years  he  engaged  in  success- 
ful placer  mining  at  Auburn,  Placer  county, 
where  he  was  part  owner  of  the  first  quartz 
mill  erected  in  that  state.  In  June,  1852,  he 
sailed  for  Australia,  and  after  a  voyage  of  sev- 
enty days,  visiting  the  South  Sea  Islands  en 
route,  he  landed  at  Sidney. 

He  engaged  in  successful  mining  opera- 
tions in  New  South  Wales  for  one  year.  Then 
he  sailed  from  Melbourne,  via  Cape  Horn, 
reaching  New  York  after  a  ninety  days'  voy- 


In  1855,  Mr.  Welch  located  in  Chicago 
where  he  engaged  in  the  real  estate  and  brok- 
erage business  for  five  years. 

In  1860  he  crossed  the  plains  by  the  way 
of  Ft.  Kearney  on  the  first  tri-weekly  west 
bound  coach  from  that  place,  arriving  in  Den- 
ver the  latter  part  of  March.  He  located  in 
Gilpin  county,  where  he  employed  a  large 
number  of  men  at  placer  mining  in  the 
Nevada  and  Russell  Gulches.  Subsequently 
he  engaged  in  quartz  mining  on  the  Kansas, 
German,  and  Burrows  lodes.  For  several 
years  he  continued  his  operations  in  Gilpin, 
Clear  Creek,  Park  and  Boulder  Counties,  also 
operating  large  saw-mills  at  the  same  time. 

In  1870  Mr.  Welch  became  interested  in 
railroad  building.  He  was  one  of  the  pro- 
jectors and  builders  of  the  old  Colorado  Cen- 
tral Railroad  from  Golden  up  Clear  Creek 
Canon  to  Georgetown,  and  to  Central  City, 
and  from  Denver  to  Cheyenne  and  Julesburg. 
It  was  a  great  undertaking  to  finance  and  to 
construct  this  road  in  those  days,  as  the  heavy 
mountain  grades  of  Clear  Creek  Canon  were 
a  problem  to  overcome.  After  this  railroad 
was  completed  Mr.  Welch  was  vice-president 
and  general  manager  for  several  years,  when 
the  road  was  sold  and  is  now  a  part  of  the 
Colorado  Southern  system.  He  was  also 
one  of  the  directors  of  the  Santa  Fe  Railroad. 

Mr.  Welch  was  one  of  the  first  to  discover 
coal  in  Boulder  county.  In  1877  he  sunk  the 
first  shaft  at  Louisville,  Boulder  county,  hav- 
ing previously  discovered  a  ten  foot  vein  of 
coal  at  a  depth  of  two  hundred  feet. 

When  constructing  the  Colorado  Central 
railroad  from  Denver  to  Cheyenne,  while 
boring  a  well  to  supply  water  for  the  men,  this 
vein  of  coal  was  discovered  and  was  subse- 
quently developed.  This  was  known  as  the 
Welch  coal  mine  and  was  owned  and  operated 


by  him  for  many  years.  He  was  president 
of  the  Louisville  Coal  Mining  Company  and 
was  one  of  the  principal  stockholders.  These 
mines  are  now  operated  by  the  Northern 
Coal  and  Coke  Company. 

Mr.  Welch  was  a  student  and  promoter  of 
irrigation,  of  which  he  was  one  of  the  pioneer 
developers  and  was  the  owner  of  extensive 
farming  interests.  In  1878,  he  was  one  of  the 
organizers  and  the  president  of  the  Handy 
Ditch  Company  of  Larimer  county.  This 
ditch  now  irrigates  more  than  twelve  thousand 
acres  of  land.  He  had  large  tracks  of  farm- 
ing land  in  Larimer  county,  and  in  one  year 
he  raised  on  his  extensive  farms,  fifty  thous- 
and bushels  of  grain.  In  1880,  he  built  what 
is  known  as  the  Welch  Irrigation  Ditch,  by 
constructing  flumes  in  the  rocks  in  Clear 
Creek  Canon,  and  taking  the  water  from 
Clear  Creek,  two  and  one-half  miles  above 
Golden  and  bringing  it  down  almost  to  Den- 


ver. 


In  1891,  Mr.  Welch  was  one  of  the  pro- 
moters and  builders  of  the  Denver,  Lakewood 
and  Golden  Railroad.  He  was  for  many 
years  its  president.  This  is  an  electric  trolley 
road  now,  known  as  the  Inter-Mountain 
Road,  operating  between  Golden  and  Denver. 

In  1872,  Mr.  Welch  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  territorial  legislature  from  Jefferson 
county,  and  filled  that  position  with  credit 
to  himself  and  benefit  to  his  constituents. 
He  introduced  the  bill  for  the  establishment 
of  the  State  School  of  Mines  at  Golden  and 
gave  the  ground  upon  which  the  first  building 
of  that  institution  was  built.  He  took  great 
interest  in  and  worked  for  the  passage  of  the 
bill  to  establish  this  school,  fully  appreciating 
its  importance  to  the  mining  industry  of  the 
state.  For  many  years  after  the  establish- 
ment of  the  school,  he  served  as  trustee,  and 
was  promptly  on  hand  at  each  session  of  the 
legislature,  watching  and  working  for  the 
interests  of  the  school. 

Mr.  Welch  belonged  to  the  Society  of  the 
Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and  was  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Mason. 

Mr.  Welch  married  May  22nd,  1878, 
Miss  Rebecca  Jeannette  Darrow,  daughter 
of  H.  S.  Darrow  of  Michigan,  a  pioneer  and 
one  of  the  leading  citizens  of  that  state,  and 
of  distinguished  colonial  descent. 

Mrs.  Welch  is  a  Mayflower  descendent: 
She  is  a  member  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution;  the  Connecticut  So- 
ciety of  Mayflower  descendants,  and  the  So- 
ciety of  the  Daughters  of  1812,  and  some  of 
the  best  literary  clubs  of  the  state. 

They  have  two  children,  Charles  Clark 
and  Jeannette  Welch,  wife  of  Dr.  Henry 
Strong  Denison. 


—149— 


CHARLES  BOETTCHER 


—150— 


CHARLES  BOETTCHER. 


T>  OETTCHER,  CHARLES,  president  of  the 
•"^  Colorado  Portland  Cement  Company, 
and  vice-president  of  the  Great  Western 
Sugar  Company,  was  born  April  8,  1854,  at 
Coellada,  Germany.  His  father  was  Fred 
Boettcher,  a  merchant  of  that  place. 

The  boyhood  days  of  young  Boettcher 
were  spent  in  his  native  town,  where  he  at- 
tended school  and  gymnasium  and  laid  the 
foundation  in  mental  and  physical  training 
that  was  to  carry  him  to  success  in  the  new 
world. 

At  the  age  of  seventeen  he  landed  in 
America  and  proceeded  almost  immediately 
across  the  continent.  He  reached  Cheyenne 
in  1871  and  engaged  in  the  hardware  busi- 
ness. At  that  time  it  seemed  as  though  the 
Wyoming  city  was  destined  to  become  the 
metropolis  of  the  Inter-Mountain  region  and 
the  pretensions  of  the  cities  to  the  south  were 
jeered  at  by  the  citizens  of  the  sister  state. 
But  with  characteristic  German  prudence, 
Mr.  Boettcher  looked  into  the  future  from 
all  angles,  and  although  Cheyenne  had  the 
advantage  of  all  Colorado  cities  in  being  on 
the  main  line  of  a  trans-continental  railroad, 
he  decided  that  the  character  and  energy  of 
the  early  Colorado  citizens,  applied  to  the 
wonderful  natural  resources  of  the  state, 
would  enable  her  to  outstrip  all  rivals. 

Having  thus  made  up  his  mind,  he  lost 
no  time  in  joining  his  fortunes  with  Colo- 
rado, and  the  next  year,  1872,  saw  him  in 
Greeley,  the  new  colony  of  eastern  settlers 
that  had  been  but  recently  organized.  The 
next  few  years  he  engaged  in  business  be- 
tween Greeley  and  Fort  Collins,  and  in  1874, 
he  moved  to  Boulder.  For  five  years  he  re- 
mained in  the  latter  place,  moving  again  in 
1879  to  Leadville,  when  news  of  the  won- 
derful gold  discoveries  in  that  camp  were 
given  to  the  world. 

While  he  had  enjoyed  uniform  success  up 
to  this  time,  it  was  in  Leadville  that  Mr. 


Boettcher  laid  the  foundations  of  the  for- 
tune which  was  to  place  him  in  the  front 
rank  of  Colorado  capitalists.  He  remained 
in  Leadville  from  .1879  to  1890  and  during 
those  years,  in  which  he  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile business,  banking  and  mining,  Mr.  Boett- 
cher steadily  prospered. 

During  this  time  Mr.  Boettcher  had  be- 
come heavily  interested  financially  in  Den- 
ver. He  was  a  large  owner  of  Denver  real 
estate  and  had  invested  in  banking  and  other 
securities  of  the  capital  city.  In  1890,  he 
moved  to  Denver,  to  make  that  city  his  per- 
manent residence. 

It  was  about  the  year  1900  that  Mr. 
Boettcher,  C.  S.  Morey  and  several  other  far- 
sighted  men  of  business  organized  the  Great 
Western  Sugar  Company  and  built  the  first 
factory  for  the  manufacture  of  beet  sugar. 
From  that  beginning  the  company  has  grown 
by  leaps  and  bounds  until  now  there  are 
operated  eleven  factories,  while  they  own  a 
railroad  line  and  count  among  their  assets 
a  large  acreage  of  the  best  lands  in  Colorado. 

Apparently,  there  is  no  limit  to  the  busi- 
ness activities  of  Mr.  Boettcher.  Whatever 
makes  for  the  industrial  and  commercial 
development  of  Denver  and  Colorado  finds 
him  an  enthusiastic  supporter. 

He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  heaviest 
stockholders  of  the  Western  Packing  Com- 
pany. When  the  Colorado  Portland  Cement 
Company  was  organized,  Mr.  Boettcher  was 
one  of  the  most  liberal  subscribers  and  was 
selected  as  its  president.  He  is  also  presi- 
dent of  the  Cement  Securities  Companies.  In 
addition  to  all  these  engrossing  affairs  of 
business,  Mr.  Boettcher  is  constantly  making 
investments'  in  Denver  real  estate. 

Mr.  Boettcher  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  Denver  Country 
Club  and  Colorado  Traffic  Club.  He  is  mar- 
ried and  has  a  son,  Claude  Boettcher  (q.  v.), 
and  a  daughter,  Ruth  Boettcher. 


—151— 


CHARLES  BREWER  KOUNTZE 


CHARLES  BREWER  KOUNTZE. 


OUNTZE,  CHARLES  BREWER,  banker, 
born  March  4,  1844,  in  Osnaburg,  Ohio, 
died  in  Denver,  Colorado,  November  18, 
1911,  was  the  son  of  Christian  and  Margaret 
Kountze.  His  ancestors  had  been  prominent 
in  the  establishment  of  the  Reformation  in 
1524.  Christian  Kountze,  his  father,  a  native 


of  Saxony,  and  a  Lutheran,  as  his  family 
had  been  before  him,  immigrated  to  the 
United  States  when  a  young  man.  Although 
plain  and  practical,  he  was  a  cultured  gen- 
tleman, a  student  of  the  arts  and  sciences, 
philosophy,  and  the  higher  branches  of  learn- 
ing, and  was  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him. 


-152- 


The  family  consisted  of  twelve  children, 
seven  boys  and  five  girls.  Two  of  the  sons 
died  in  infancy,  and  another,  William,  when 
twenty-three  years  of  age,  died  in  Nebraska. 
Christian  Kountze  located  in  Osnaburg,  east- 
ern Ohio,  where  he  owned  a  farm  and  a 
country  store.  When  his  sons,  Augustus 
and  Herman,  each  reached  the  age  of  six- 
teen, he  took  them  into  partnership,  and  they 
were  thus  given  a  practical  business  educa- 
tion. When  Charles  B.  Kountze  was  sixteen, 
his  father  also  made  him  a  partner,  he  re- 
ceiving the  same  training  in  good  business 
methods  that  had  been  accorded  to  his  older 
brothers. 

In  the  meantime,  Augustus  had  proceeded 
to  Iowa,  in  1855,  and  continuing  to  Omaha, 
then  a  small  town  on  the  American  fron- 
tier, where  he  established  a  small  banking 
institution.  Here  he  was  joined  by  his 
brother  Herman,  and  later  by  Luther,  the 
latter  serving  his  business  apprenticeship 
with  them,  instead  of  working  with  his 
father,  as  the  other  brothers  had  done. 

In  the  spring  of  1862,  Luther  located  in 
Denver,  opening  a  banking  and  gold  buying 
office  in  Walter  S.  Cheesman's  (q.  v.)  drug 
store  on  Blake  street,  which  was  the  second 
bank  of  the  Kountze  Brothers.  This  drug 
store  being  destroyed  in  the  great  Denver 
fire  of  April  19,  1863,  Mr.  Kountze  reopened 
his  bank  in  the  mercantile  house  of  Tootle  & 
Leach,  and  in  1865,  was  elected  city  treas- 
urer of  Denver,  serving  one  year.  In  1864, 
when  only  nineteen  years  of  age,  Charles  B. 
Kountze  joined  his  brother,  Luther,  in  Den- 
ver, becoming  a  partner  in  1866.  In  the 
spring  of  1864,  the  Kountze  Brothers  erected 
a  brick  building  on  the  north-west  corner 
of  Fifteenth  and  Market  streets,  in  which 
their  bank  was  established  in  a  home  of  its 
own.  In  1866,  they  organized  the  Colorado 
National  Bank.  They  also  founded  the 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Bank  at  Central 
City,  Colorado,  from  which  they  later  with- 
drew. Their  Omaha  branch  had  already 
become  the  First  National  Bank  of  that  city. 
In  1867,  the  Omaha  house  had  established  a 
bank  at  Cheyenne,  which  was  disposed  of 
later.  Charles  B.  Kountze,  in  1866,  became 
a  partner  in  the  firm,  and  assumed  control 
and  management  of  the  two  banks  at  Denver 
and  Central  City.  In  that  same  year,  Luther 
Kountze  visited  Europe,  and,  on  his  return, 
established  in  New  York  City,  in  1868,  the 
third  great  banking  house  of  the  Kountze 
Brothers — Luther,  Augustus,  Herman  and 
Charles  B. — names  all  known  in  banking  and 
financial  circles  the  world  over,  steady  and 
unshaken  amid  panics,  wars,  and  commer- 
cial disasters. 


When  the  Colorado  National  Bank  was 
organized  in  1866,  the  officers  were  as  fol- 
lows :  President,  Luther  Kountze ;  vice- 
president,  Joseph  H.  Goodspead;  cashier, 
Charles  B.  Kountze.  In  1871,  Charles  B. 
Kountze  was  elected  president  of  the  Colo- 
rado National,  being  succeeded  by  William 
B.  Berger  as  cashier.  From  1871  until  his 
death,  Mr.  Kountze  remained  the  president 
of  this  bank.  He  continued  through  life  to 
retain  his  interest  in  the  First  National  at 
Omaha,  and  that  of  the  Kountze  Brothers, 
New  York  City.  He  has  been  the  promoter 
of  and  interested  in  many  large  and  suc- 
cessful enterprises  in  the  west;  was  treas- 
urer of  the  old  Denver,  Texas  and  Fort 
Worth  railroad;  was  interested  in  the  con- 
struction of  the  Denver,  South  Park  and 
Pacific  road;  and  also  in  the  building  of  the 
Globe  Smelter  in  Denver.  He  was  city  treas- 
urer of  Denver,  1868-1871,  and  for  a  number 
of  years  was  treasurer  of  the  Denver  school 
board,  but  he  never  sought  or  aspired  to 
public  office.  Although  interested  in  many 
enterprises,  yet  all  of  these  were  secondary 
with  Mr.  Kountze,  who,  first  of  all,  was  a 
banker.  He  and  his  brothers  all  followed 
that  policy,  and  hence,  amid  the  great  finan- 
cial disasters  that  have  wrecked  many  an- 
other and  old  established  institution,  the 
three  banking  houses  of  the  Kountze  Bro- 
thers have  stood  firm,  safe,  and  solid.  High 
in  the  list  of  those  who  were  empire  build- 
ers in  the  west,  stands  the  name  of  Charles 
B.  Kountze.  Quiet,  unassuming,  dignified, 
but  always  the  genial  friend  and  companion, 
generous,  and  public-spirited,  he  was  be- 
loved in  private  life  by  the  many  who  knew 
him  and  had  the  honor  of  his  friendship. 

Mr.  Kountze  married,  in  Denver,  Colo- 
rado, September  26,  1871,  Miss  Mary,  daugh- 
ter of  Joseph  H.  and  Mary  (Ensign)  Esta- 
brook.  Her  father  was  a  Denver  pioneer, 
and  her  ancestors  have  been  among  the  illus- 
trious and  distinguished  families  of  this 
country  from  the  colonial  period.  Mrs. 
Kountze  is  descended  from  William  Brad- 
ford, who  came  over  in  the  Mayflower,  and 
for  thirty-one  years  was  governor  of  Ply- 
mouth Colony.  Another  ancestor  was  Cap- 
tain John  Ensign,  who  served  with  the  Con- 
necticut troops  in  the  American  Revolution. 
Mrs.  Kountze  is  a  member  of  the  Society  of 
Mayflower  Descendants,  Colonial  Dames, 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  and 
United  States  Daughters  of  1812. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Kountze  were  born  the 
following  children:  Harold  Kountze;  Mary, 
wife  of  J.  D.  Skinner;  Lina,  Mrs.  Samuel 
A.  Ritter  Brown;  and  Florence,  the  widow 
of  J.  W.  Best. 


—153— 


JOHN  KERNAN  MULLEN. 


ULLEN,  JOHN  KERNAN,  miller,  real 
estate,  and  farming,  born  June  11,  1847, 
in  Ballinasloe,  County  of  Galway,  Ireland, 
was  the  son  of  Dennis  (born  1806,  died  in 
Denver,  March,  1886)  and  Ellen  (Mulrey) 
Mullen.  When  about  nine  years  of  age,  he 
came  to  this  country  with  his  people.  The 
family  settled  in  Oneida  county,  New  York, 
where  he  attended  the  public  schools.  But 


of  the  plant,  both  from  the  mechanical  and 
financial  standpoint.  His  employers,  appre- 
ciative of  industry  and  sturdiness,  steadily 
advanced  him  from  one  position  to  another, 
until  at  the  age  of  twenty,  he  was  placed  in 
charge  of  the  mill  as  head  miller.  In  that 
year,  he  left  Oriskany  Palls,  where  he  had 
thus  been  employed,  and  started  west,  mak- 
ing a  brief  stay  in  Illinois.  Then,  removing 


JOHN  KERNAN  MULLEN 


early  in  life,  he  started  out  to  make  his  own 
way  in  the  world,  and  is  a  splendid  example 
of  the  wonderful  opportunities  for  success 
open  to  every  young  man  in  this  country. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen,  he  went  to  work 
in  a  flour  mill  in  Oneida  county.  He  was 
not  only  energetic  and  useful,  but  made  a 
study  of  the  milling  business,  picking  up  the 
details,  here  and  there,  as  to  the  operation 


to  Kansas,  after  stopping  for  a  few  months 
at  Atchison,  he  located  at  Troy,  in  that  state, 
where  he  remained,  until  he  came  to  Denver 
in  1871. 

From  the  very  first,  he  entered  upon  a 
career  in  this  city  that  led  to  the  attain- 
ment of  a  high  position  in  business  and  finan- 
cial circles.  Shortly  after  his  arrival  in  Den- 
ver, he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  flour  mill 


—154— 


of  Shackleton  &  Davis,  Eighth  and  Curtis 
streets,  now  known  as  the  Eagle  mill.  In 
1875  he  started  in  business  for  himself,  and 
leased  the  Star  mill  in  North  Denver,  and 
conducted  the  business  under  the  firm  name 
of  Mullen  &  Seth  (Theodore).  In  1876,  Mr. 
Mullen  bought  his  partner's  interest,  and 
operated  the  plant,  under  the  name  and  style 
of  J.  K.  Mullen  &  Company,  the  "company" 
being  merely  nominal.  With  increasing 
trade  and  business,  he  leased  in  1877-1878, 
the  Iron  Clad  and  the  Sigler  mills,  and  estab- 
lished a  water  power  plant.  In  1878,  he  was 
enabled  to  broaden  his  field  of  operations, 
and  purchased  the  Excelsior  flour  mill, 
Eighth  and  Lawrence,  from  John  W.  Smith. 
This  plant  he  enlarged  and  remodeled,  con- 
ducting a  successful  and  prosperous  busi- 
ness until  1885.  In  1880,  he  bought  the 
ground  and  built  the  first  grain  elevator  in 
the  state,  now  known  as  the  Hungarian  Ele- 
vator, which  is  now  operated  in  connection 
with  the  Hungarian  flour  mills,  on  Eighth 
and  Wazee  streets,  and  began  making  the 
famous  Hungarian  patent  brand  of  Colorado 
flour. 

In  1882,  he  began  the  construction  of  the 
Hungarian  flour  mills,  and  installed  the 
roller  system  of  making  flour  in  Colorado. 
He  established  here  the  first  roller  mills 
west  of  the  Missouri  river,  in  1878.  In  1885, 
the  Colorado  Milling  and  Elevator  Company 
was  organized  with  J.  K.  Mullen  as  general 
manager.  In  1887,  he  also  became  the  presi- 
dent of  the  company.  This  was  but  the  be- 
ginning of  extensive  operations  throughout 
the  west,  and  establishing  plants  in  several 
states.  The  Hungarian  and  Excelsior  mills 
were  bought  by  the  company,  and  others 
gradually  added,  until  in  1911,  they  were 
operating  ninety-one  mills,  elevators,  and 
warehouses,  in  the  several  states  of  Colorado, 
Nebraska,  Kansas,  Utah,  Idaho  and  Oregon. 
Their  business  aggregates  $18,000,000  annu- 
ally. The  invested  capital  amounts  to  nearly 
$5,000,000.  Not  only  has  Mr.  Mullen  pro- 
moted and  carried  on  this  vast  business 
through  able  financiering,  and  strong  execu- 
tive force,  but  has  also  shown  skill  and  fore- 
sight, in  the  selection  of  his  assistants.  He 
knows  and  understands  men.  Through  ex- 
perience and  ready  discernment,  he  selects 
the  right  man  for  the  right  place.  He  has 
guarded  in  a  most  successful  manner  against 
the  mistake  so  common  in  the  business 
world,  of  attempting  to  put  square  pegs  into 
round  holes. 

During  the  past  twenty-five  years  these 
associated  companies  have  distributed  divi- 
dends each  year  among  their  employees,  in 


such  amounts  as  the  managers  thought  they 
were  entitled  in  the  earnings.  This  is  volun- 
tary, on  the  part  of  the  company,  but  it  is 
considered  just  and  right  that  the  employees 
should  share  part  of  the  earnings.  Thus 
friendly  links  exist  between  the  company 
and  all  those  who  are  in  its  employ. 

In  addition  to  the  milling  and  flour  busi- 
ness, Mr.  Mullen  has  also  engaged  in  other 
and  large  enterprises,  and  especially  in  land 
and  cattle.  He  had  more  acres  of  ground 
under  cultivation  up  to  1910,  than  any  other 
man  in  the  state,  except  Governor  Benjamin 
H.  Eaton,  and  was  made  president  of  the 
following  companies :  J.  K.  Mullen  Land  and 
Cattle  Company  of  Lamar;  Tamarack  Land 
and  Cattle  Company  of  Logan  county;  the 
Harmony  Land  and  Cattle  Company  of  Lo- 
gan county ;  also  the  Platte  Land  and  Cattle 
Company  of  the  same  county ;  and,  the  River- 
side Land  and  Cattle  Company  of  Larimer 
county. 

Mr.  Mullen  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Public  Library  Association,  in  which  he  has 
taken  a  special  interest,  and  is  in  hearty 
sympathy  with  all  efforts  made  to  reach  the 
masses  in  library  work.  He  believes  that 
books  and  periodicals  should  be  easily  ac- 
cessible to  the  poor.  In  1910,  he  gave  a  very 
fine  library  to  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  of 
which  he  is  a  member  and  Past  Grand 
Knight,  and  handsomely  endowed  it  with  a 
maintenance  fund.  Mr.  Mullen,  himself,  is 
a  reader  and  student.  His  early  education 
was  meager,  but  so  soon  as  he  became  a  suc- 
cessful business  man,  and  even  before  he- 
could  well  afford  it,  he  was  liberal  in  the 
purchase  of  substantial  reading  matter,  and 
has  been  a  student,  not  only  of  business  con- 
ditions, but  of  events  and  affairs.  His  read- 
ing and  study  has  made  him  a  man  of  broad 
and  liberal  culture. 

He  is  also  a  director  of  the  First  National 
Bank,  of  Denver,  and  the  Denver  Railway 
and  Securities  Company,  and  is  identified 
with  many  prominent  financial  institutions 
and  enterprises,  and  was  one  of  the  most 
influential  members  of  the  recent  city  char- 
ter conventions.  He  and  his  family  occupy 
a  high  position  in  social  and  church  circles. 

Mr.  Mullen  married  in  Denver,  October 
12,  1874,  Miss  Katharine  Smith,  and  to  them 
have  been  born  the  following  children: 
Ellen  (Mrs.  E.  H.  Wechbaugh),  Mary  (Mrs. 
F.  L.  Tettemer),  Katharine  (Mrs.  J.  Emerson 
O'Connor),  Edith  (Mrs.  Oscar  L.  Malo). 
He  and  his  married  daughters  all  reside  on 
the  corners  of  Ninth  and  Pennsylvania  ave- 
nue, in  their  own  beautiful  homes. 


—155— 


JOHN  FRANCIS  CAMPION. 


CAMPION,  JOHN  FRANCIS,  mining, 
born,  Prince  Edward  Island,  December, 
1849,  was  the  son  of  M.  B.  and  Helen 
(Fehan)  Campion.  His  parents,  native  of 
that  island,  were  of  English  and  Irish  an- 


were  born  to  them,  of  whom  M.  Brevort  be- 
came a  successful  ship  owner  and  builder. 
He  built  his  own  vessels  in  his  own  ship- 
yards, and  as  a  captain  was  able  to  sail  any 
of  his  own  craft.  Not  only  was  he  promi- 


JOHN  FRANCIS  CAMPION 


cestry.  For  many  generations  the  family 
had  been  extensive  land  owners  in  England. 
John  Francis  Campion,  Sr.,  the  American 
progenitor,  came  to  this  country  with  his 
wife  and  children  and  established  a  new 
home  on  Prince  Edward  Island,  where  the 
father  and  mother  lived  to  a  good  old  age, 
he  dying  at  the  age  of  75,  and  she  at  70. 
Nine  children,  four  sons  and  five  daughters, 


nent  in  the  commercial  life  of  the  island,  but 
was  a  leading  factor  in  its  politics,  first  as 
a  liberal  and  later  as  a  conservative.  He 
represented  his  county  home  in  the  Prince 
Edward  Island  Parliament.  By  nature  and 
experience,  he  took  a  comprehensive  view  of 
all  matters  of  public  and  general  interest, 
being  especially  prominent  in  the  adminis- 
trative affairs  of  the  island.  Residing  the 


—156— 


last  twenty  years  of  his  life  in  Colorado,  he 
was  well  known  in  this  state  and  especially 
in  Leadville,  where  he  lived  and  died.  He 
married  Helen,  daughter  of  Doctor  Fehan,  a 
leading  physician  of  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Her  father  lost  his  life,  one  stormy  winter's 
night,  while  crossing  the  Northumberland 
Strait,  which  has  a  width  of  nine  miles. 

John  Francis  Campion,  the  oldest  of  their 
four  children,  became  a  well-known  mining 
man  in  Colorado.  In  1862,  his  parents,  then 
residing  in  California,  sent  him  and  his 
brother  back  to  Prince  Edward  Island, 
where  they  attended  the  Prince  of  "Wales 
College,  at  Charlottetown.  But  the  brothers, 
John  F.,  then  17,  and  George,  15  years  of 
age,  became  anxious  to  participate  in  the 
civil  war  in  this  country,  and  ran  away 
from  college.  Coming  to  the  United  States, 
they  attempted  to  enlist  in  the  navy,  but 
only  partly  succeeded  in  their  scheme. 
George,  because  of  his  youth,  was  reected, 
but  John  F.,  although  only  a  little  older, 
after  passing  the  necessary  examination,  was 
accepted  and  given  a  position  as  assistant 
quartermaster.  He  was  aboard  the  ship 
"Dolphin"  and  carried  to  General  Sherman 
the  first  dispatches  he  received  at  Savannah, 
after  completing  his  famous  march  to  the 
sea.  "With  difficulty  and  danger,  the  boat 
made  its  way  into  the  entrance  of  the  Savan- 
nah River,  owing  to  the  sunken  vessels  and 
the  conflagration  along  the  wharves,  where 
immense  quantities  of  cotton  were  burning. 

Mr.  Campion  returned  to  California  after 
the  war,  to  visit  his  parents,  then  residing 
at  Sacramento.  He  then  became  a  miner, 
prospector,  and  mine  owner.  The  White 
Pine  silver  mine  was  discovered  by  him  in 
1868,  and  after  obtaining  a  fair  start,  lost 
all  he  had  made,  including  about  $5,000,  in 
this  mining  venture.  Later,  he  engaged  in 
mining  at  Eureka,  Nevada,  developing  and 
selling  valuable  properties,  whereby  he  ac- 
cumulated a  snug  fortune.  With  his  father 
and  brother,  he  then  went  to  Pioche,  Nevada, 
where  he  continued  in  the  same  line  of  busi- 
ness, and  there  became  the  owner  of  the 
Pioche-Phoenix,  a  valuable  silver  mine.  The 
Pioche-Phoenix  Mining  Company  was  organ- 
ized by  him,  but  he  was  compelled  to  make 
a  hard  fight  to  retain  possession  of  the  prop- 
erty, as  other  claimants  attempted  by  force 
to  assert  their  alleged  rights.  Mr.  Campion 
succeeded  in  holding  the  mine,  until  the 
property  was  finally  awarded  him  by  the 
courts. 

Disposing  of  his  interests  in  Nevada,  Mr. 


Campion  followed  the  rush  to  Leadville,  ar- 
riving at  that  new  mining  camp,  in  April, 
1879.  Here  he  continued  operating  in  mines, 
buying,  developing  and  selling,  and  also  be- 
coming the  owner  of  valuable  interests  that 
he  still  retains.  Mr.  Campion  became  an 
owner  in  the  Bison,  Reindeer,  Elk  and  Ibex 
(better  known  as  the  Little  Johnny),  which 
were  started  by  him,  and  named  for  animals. 
In  the  latter  property,  he  and  his  partners 
possess  a  bonanza,  which  is  known  as  one 
of  the  richest  mines  in  the  west,  and  from 
which  large  fortunes  have  been  produced. 
Mr.  Campion  has  been  through  many  and 
varied  experiences  in  the  west  and  borne 
his  share  of  the  hardships  of  a  prospector's 
life,  before  kind  fortune  smiled  upon  his 
hard  struggle.  He  has  made  Denver  his 
residence  for  a  number  of  years,  and  in 
1896-1897,  built  his  present  palatial  home  at 
No.  800  Logan  street. 

Mr.  Campion  was  one  of  the  promoters, 
organizers,  and  is  the  president  of  the  Colfr- 
rado  Museum  of  Natural  History,  which  is 
one  of  the  most  interesting  attractions  at 
the  City  Park.  When  engaged  in  mining  at 
Breckenridge,  he  became  acquainted  with 
Professor  Edwin  Carter,  who  had  made  a 
splendid  collection  of  the  fauna  of  this  state, 
including  the  bison  and  many  rare  speci- 
mens of  natural  history.  This  most  valuable 
group  of  Rocky  Mountain  wild  animals  was 
in  danger  of  loss  by  fire,  or  want  of  atten- 
tion, being  stored  in  the  cabins  of  the  owner. 
Mr.  Campion,  assisted  by  Mr.  Joseph  A. 
Thatcher  and  others,  obtained  the  old  Carter 
collection,  which  was  made  the  nucleus  for 
the  museum  at  the  City  Park. 

He  is  the  general  manager  of  the  Ibex 
Mining  Company;  president  of  the  Napite 
Mining  Company  at  Breckenridge;  director 
of  the  Carbonate  National  Bank  of  Lead- 
ville ;  vice-president  of  Seventeenth  Street 
Building  Company,  Denver;  director  of  the 
Denver  National  Bank ;  vice-president  of  the 
Denver,  Northwestern  &  Pacific  Railway 
Company  (Moffat  Road)  ;  president  of  the 
Northwestern  Terminal  Company;  president 
of  the  Colorado  Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory -president  of  the  Municipal  Art  League ; 
trustee  of  the  Agnes  Memorial  Sanitarium, 
and  president  of  the  Big  Horn  Mining  and 
Cattle  Company.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  following  clubs:  Denver  Club,  Denver 
Athletic  Club  and  the  Denver  Country  Club. 
Mr.  Campion  married,  in  Denver,  April 
16,  1879,  Miss  Nellie  May,  sister  of  Thomas 
F.  Daly.  They  have  the  following  children : 
John  F.,  Jr.,  Helen,  Phyllis,  and  Roland. 


—157— 


HENRY  ROGER  WOLCOTT 


—158— 


HENRY  ROGER  WOLCOTT. 


VWOLCOTT,  HENRY  ROGER,  capitalist, 
*^  born,  Longmeadow,  Massachusetts, 
March  15,  1846,  is  the  son  of  Samuel  (D.  D.) 
and  Harriet  Amanda  (Pope)  Wolcott,  and  a 
brother  of  the  late  Edward  O.  Wolcott 
(q.  v.),  United  States  Senator  from  Colorado. 
Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wolcott  were  the  parents  of 
eleven  children.  All  attained  manhood  and 
womanhood,  except  one.  In  addition  to 
Henry  and  Edward,  the  children  were  :  Sam- 
uel Adams;  Harriet  Agnes  (Mrs.  F.  0.  Vaille 
of  Denver)  ;  the  Reverend  William  Edgar, 
deceased,  of  Lawrence,  Massachusetts ;  Kath- 
erine  Ellen  (Mrs.  Charles  H.  Toll  of  Denver, 
Colorado.  Mr.  Toll  [q.  v]  was  formerly  At- 
torney General  of  Colorado)  ;  Anna  Louise, 
principal  of  the  Wolcott  School,  Denver, 
and  regent  of  the  University  of  Colorado ; 
Clara  Gertrude,  of  Lawrence,  Massachusetts; 
Herbert  Walker,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio;  and 
Charlotte  Augusta  (wife  of  Captain  Francis 
Bates,  U.  S.  A.). 

Henry  R.  Wolcott  was  educated  in  Provi- 
dence, Rhode  Island,  and  Cleveland,  Ohio; 
Honorary  A.  M.,  Yals,  1896,  and  Colorado 
College,  1898.  Mr.  Wolcott  came  to  Colo- 
rado in  1869,  and  for  a  short  time  was  en- 
gaged in  mining.  In  the  spring  of  1870,  he 
became  associated  with,  and  later  was  ap- 
pointed assistant  manager  of  the  Boston  and 
Colorado  Smelting  Works,  that  had  been 
established  at  Black  Hawk,  and  was  also 
in  charge  of  the  additional  plant,  erected 
at  Alma,  Colorado,  in  1873.  Later,  and  for 
a  number  of  years,  after  the  construction 
of  the  new  and  larger  works  by  this  com- 
pany at  Argo,  near  Denver,  he  was  the  acting 
manager ;  treasurer  of  the  Smelting  and  Min- 
ing Company;  director,  Equitable  Life  As- 
surance Society;  and,  within  a  few  years, 
reached  a  front  rank  in  the  business  life  of 
the  west.  Among  his  various  achievements, 
he  was  largely  instrumental  in  securing  Fort 
Logan  as  a  military  post  for  Denver.  It  was 
his  personal  work  and  influence  that  led  to 
the  erection  of  the  Boston  Building  and 
Equitable  Building  in  Denver.  Mr.  Wolcott 
is  a  charter  member  of  the  Denver  Club, 
and  for  many  years  was  its  president.  For 
ten  years  he  was  vice-president  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Denver,  and  is  widely  and 
favorably  known  in  financial  circles  in  New 
York  and  New  England.  He  is  extensively 
interested  in  mining  enterprises.  Mr.  Wol- 
cott was  president  of  the  Colorado  Telephone 


Company,  and  vice-president  of  the  Colorado 
Fuel  and  Iron  Company,  for  a  number  of 
years.  His  subscriptions  have  been  liberal 
to  all  enterprises,  having  for  their  object 
the  development  and  upbuilding  of  Denver 
and  Colorado.  Many  educational  institutions 
have  felt  the  kindly  influence  of  his  benefac- 
tions. He  has  donated  liberally  to  Colorado 
College,  at  Colorado  Springs;  established  in 
1879,  the  Wolcott  Medal  for  excellence  in 
public  reading,  for  the  young  ladies  of  the 
East  Denver  High  School;  and,  the  Miss 
Wolcott  School  of  Denver  was  made  possible 
by  reason  of  his  contributions  and  efforts. 

Mr.  Wolcott  was  also  active  in  politics 
and  prominent  in  the  councils  of  the  repub- 
lican party.  He  was  elected  state  senator 
from  Gilpin  county  in  1878,  for  a  term  of 
four  years,  serving  at  the  same  time  with 
his  brother,  Edward  Oliver,  then  state  sen- 
ator from  Clear  Creek  county.  He  was  also 
elected  president  pro  tempore  of  the  senate, 
an  official  position  ranking  next  to  that  of 
lieutenant  governor.  Because  of  this  posi- 
tion, he  was  called  upon,  during  his  term,  to 
serve  as  acting  governor  of  Colorado.  He 
thus  performed  the  functions  of  the  guber- 
natorial office,  which  four  of  his  family  had 
exercised  in  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts. 
Mr.  Wolcott  was  the  leading  republican 
candidate  before  the  state  convention  of  his 
party  in  1882,  but  elements  entering  into 
the  United  States  senatorial  question  caused 
his  defeat,  although  the  popular  man  for 
the  place.  He  was  defeated  for  governor  in 
the  state  election  of  1898,  not  because  of  any 
personal  unpopularity,  but  owing  to  the 
chaotic  conditions  that  then  disturbed  Colo- 
rado and  the  entire  west.  His  devotion  to 
his  brother,  Senator  Wolcott,  is  one  of  the 
lovely  characteristics  of  his  life.  He  was  his 
brother's  friend  in  adversity,  and  none  re- 
joiced more  in  his  brother's  brilliant  success; 
was  his  companion  on  the  senator's  last 
European  trip,  when  he  sought  for  the  health 
that  came  not ;  and  was  with  him  to  the  end, 
when  death  came  to  him  at  the  Riviera. 

Henry  R.  Wolcott  is  a  member  of  the  fol- 
lowing clubs:  Union,  Union  League  and 
University,  New  York,  and  also  the  Racquet 
and  Tennis,  Brook,  Lambs,  New  York 
Yacht,  Larchmont  Yacht  (New  York),  At- 
lantic Yacht,  Manhasset,  Tavern  (Boston), 
Metropolitan  (Washington),  and  the  Denver 
and  University  Clubs,  Denver. 


—159— 


SAMUEL  NEWELL  WOOD 


—160— 


SAMUEL  NEWELL  WOOD. 


T\700D,  SAMUEL  NEWELL,  banker, 
capitalist,  was  born  at  Jordan,  Onon- 
daga  county,  New  York,  May  2,  1844,  son  of 
Smith  "Wood,  a  farmer,  and  Rhoda  (Hunger- 
ford)  Wood. 

He  received  a  practical  education  at  the 
village  academy  at  Jordan  and  first  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business  at  Syra- 
cuse, New  York,  and  later  removed  to  Madi- 
son, Wisconsin,  where  he  secured  employ- 
ment in  a  bank  of  that  city. 

In  1870  he  started  west  and  established  a 
connection  with  the  Colorado  National 
Bank,  becoming  assistant  cashier  at  the  age 
of  twenty-six.  He  remained  with  this  in- 
stitution until  1877,  when  he  went  to  the 
newly  discovered  gold  camp  of  Deadwood, 
South  Dakota.  There  was  established  in  this 
camp  the  banking  firm  of  Stebbins,  Wood 
and  Post  and  he  became  manager.  A  year 
later  he  organized  the  First  National  Bank 
of  Deadwood  and  became  its  cashier  and 
manager. 

Although  the  years  spent  in  the  Black 
Hills  were  profitable,  Mr.  Wood  always  re- 
garded his  residence  there  as  merely  tem- 
porary. He  still  considered  Denver  his 
home  and  four  years  later  he  returned  to 
this  city.  The  confidence  Mr.  Wood  felt 
for  the  future  of  Denver  proved  to  be  his 
largest  business  asset.  He  knew  the  city 
was  bound  to  grow  and,  with  far-sighted 
wisdom,  he  staked  his  accumulations  upon 
that  outcome.  The  result  was  that  in  less 
than  a  generation  he  found  himself  a  mil- 
lionaire. 


Upon  returning  to  Denver  Mr.  Wood,  with 
Henry  R.  Wolcott  and  Colonel  D.  C.  Dodge 
and  others,  founded  the  Merchants '  National 
Bank.  A  year  later  this  was  merged  with 
the  First  National  Bank  and  he  was  made 
cashier,  succeeding  George  W.  Kassler. 

Mr.  Wood  held  the  office  of  cashier  with 
the  First  National  Bank  for  many  years,  and 
always  owned  the  controlling  interest  of  the 
bank  until  late  in  the  nineties,  when  he  sold 
the  control  of  the  institution  to  David  H. 
Moffat.  All  this  time  his  personal  invest- 
ments in  outside  properties  were  increasing 
and  he  felt  that  these  interests  should  re- 
ceive his  exclusive  attention.  He  resigned 
his  position  in  the  bank  and  disposed  of 
enough  of  his  stock  to  turn  control  over  to 
the  late  David  H.  Moffat,  between  whom  and 
Mr.  Wood  there  existed  mutual  sentiment 
of  high  regard. 

Mr.  Wood  is  reputed  the  largest  individ- 
ual owner  of  real  estate  in  the  city  of  Den- 
ver, his  holdings  including  some  of  the  most 
valuable  business  locations  in  the  city. 

He  served  during  the  administratior 
Governor  Alva  Adams  as  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Board  of  Public  Works. 

Mr.  Wood  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Union  League  Club  of  New  York  and  the 
Chicago  Club  of  Chicago  for  over  twenty 
years.  Is  also  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  the  Denver  Athletic  Club  and  the  Den- 
ver Country  Club. 

He  was  married,  September  30,  1903,  to 
Miss  Luella  Frizell,  daughter  of  Dr.  Frizell 
of  Butler,  Mo.  They  have  no  children. 


WILLIAM  ROLAND  OWEN 


-162— 


WILLIAM  ROLAND  OWEN. 


QWEN,  WILLIAM  ROLAND,  merchant, 
^  born  Jan.  3,  1852,  in  Columbus,  Dodge 
county,  Wisconsin,  was  the  son  of  William 
and  Catherine  (Jones)  Owen.  His  parents 
came  from  Wales,  his  father  coming  to  this 
country  in  1845,  and  engaging  in  farming. 

William  R.  Owen  attended  the  local 
public  schools  until  he  was  thirteen  years  of 
age,  and  then  began  clerking  in  stores  in 
Racine,  Portage  and  Fox  Lake,  in  his  native 
state,  entering  upon  the  career  that  has  made 
him  the  self-made  and  successful  business 
man  that  he  is  to-day.  In  1875,  he  came  to 
Denver  and  entered  the  employ  of  Daniels  & 
Fisher,  then  the  largest  dry  goods  house  in 
the  city,  at  their  old  place  on  Larimer  street. 
After  remaining  with  that  firm  three  years, 
he  went  to  Leadville  in  1878,  and  started  for 
himself,  in  the  dry  goods  business.  Here  he 
also  formed  a  partnership  with  T.  S.  Chitten- 
den,  under  the  firm  name  of  Owen  &  Chitten- 
den.  He  became  a  prosperous  merchant  in 
the  great  carbonate  mining  camp.  Mr.  Owen 
also  was  active  in  the  municipal  affairs  of 
Leadville,  during  the  chaotic  conditions  that 
prevailed  during  the  exciting  days  of  its 
wonderful  mining  boom.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  aldermen  of  that  city.  After  five  and 
a  half  years  in  Leadville,  he  sold  the  estab- 
lishment to  Daniels,  Fisher  &  Smith. 

Returning  to  Denver  in  1883,  Mr.  Owen 
formed  a  partnership  with  A.  H.  Weber,  un- 
der the  name  and  style  of  Webber  &  Owen, 
engaging  in  the  retail  fur  business,  but  later 
sold  to  the  Babcock  Bros.  In  1899,  he  be- 


came interested  with  the  M.  J.  McNamara 
Dry  Goods  Company,  was  made  treasurer 
and  remained  with  this  firm  about  four  years. 
This  company  meeting  with  reverses  in  the 
panic  of  1893,  was  closed  out  to  Messrs. 
Sheedy  and  Kountze,  who  retained  Mr. 
Owen  as  manager. 

In  May,  1894,  Mr.  Owen  assisted  in  or- 
ganizing this  old  establishment,  at  the  same 
time  retaining  an  interest  therein,  into  what 
is  now  the  Denver  Dry  Goods  Company. 
He  was  made  the  general  manager,  and  the 
company  has  grown  into  the  greatest  depart- 
ment store  west  of  Chicago.  The  original 
building  has  been  more  than  doubled,  now 
extending  from  Sixteenth  street  back  to  Fif- 
teenth. This  now  mammoth  dry  goods  estab- 
lishment covers  an  area  of  315, 000  square  feet, 
has  1100  employees,  and  transacts  an  annual 
business  of  $5,000,000.  Mr.  Owen,  in  addi- 
tion to  being  general  manager,  the  position  he 
still  holds,  was  also  elected  vice-president 
of  the  company  in  Oct.,  1900.  He  is  the  ac- 
tive head  of  this  great  establishment,  the  suc- 
cess of  which  is  largely  due  to  his  executive 
ability,  tact,  and  shrewd  business  judgment. 

Mr.  Owen  is  a  member  of  the  Denver, 
Country,  and  Traffic  Clubs.  He  married  in 
1882,  Miss  Amile  A.,  daughter  of  Joel  S. 
Page,  a  leading  lawyer  of  Chicago.  They  have 
three  children:  Lucy,  wife  of  Dr.  Arthur 
McGugan;  Emile,  wife  of  Mr.  Stephen 
Wheeler;  and,  William  R.  Owen,  Jr.,  who 
with  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Wheeler,  is  en- 
gaged in  the  fire  insurance  business. 


—163— 


FRANKLIN  GUITERMAN 


—164— 


FRANKLIN  GUITERMAN. 


/^UITERMAN,  FRANKLIN,  General  Man- 
^"*  ager  American  Smelting  &  Refining  Co., 
Colorado  department,  was  born  March  7, 
1856.  His  parents  were  William  Guiterman, 
a  wholesale  dry  goods  merchant,  and  Rosalie 
Bettman  Guiterman,  both  natives  of  Bavaria, 
Germany. 

Mr.  Guiterman  was  educated  in  the  gram- 
mar schools  and  Hughes  high  school  of  Cin- 
cinnati. His  collegiate  training  was  had  at 
the  Royal  School  of  Mines  at  Frieberg,  Sax- 
ony, Germany,  where  he  was  educated  as  a 
mining  and  metallurgical  engineer. 

In  1878,  Mr.  Guiterman  came  to  Colorado 
and  from  that  year  down  to  the  present  time 
he  has  been  a  prominent  factor  in  the  mining 
and  smelting  industry  of  the  west.  His  pres- 
ent position,  which  is  easily  the  first  in  his 
profession  in  the  United  States,  if  not  in  the 
world,  has  been  won  by  years  of  hard  work 
and  close  study.  His  advance  has  been  a 
steady  growth ;  his  responsibilities  increasing 
with  the  years  and  being  discharged  in  the 
larger  places  with  the  same  exactitude  that 
characterized  his  earlier  work. 

The  year  of  his  arrival  in  Colorado  Mr. 
Guiterman  entered  the  employ  of  the  Ter- 
rible Mine  and  Concentrating  "Works  near 
Georgetown  as  assayer.  From  Georgetown 
he  went  to  Leadville,  where  for  four  years 
he  filled  several  positions  as  assayer  and 
chemist  in  the  mines  of  that  district.  From 
Leadville  he  went  to  Wyoming  as  inspector 
of  copper  mines  there.  Returning  a  year 
later  he  went  with  the  San  Juan,  taking 
charge  of  the  sampling  works  at  Silverton. 

The  experience  thus  gained  in  the  differ- 
ent mining  camps  of  the  state  where  he  had 
opportunity  to  study  and  analyze  the  many 
grades  of  ores,  stood  him  in  good  stead  when 
he  accepted  the  position  of  superintendent  of 
smelting  works  at  Utah.  All  the  time  he  was 
adding  to  his  store  of  knowledge  supple- 
menting the  theoretical  training  he  had  re- 
ceived at  Freiberg. 


Upon  concluding  his  connection  with  the 
Utah  smelter  Mr.  Guiterman  engaged  for 
a  number  of  years  in  business  for  himself  as 
a  trained  expert.  During  that  time  he  was 
engaged  to  make  reports  upon  some  of  the 
largest  mining,  smelting  and  milling  proposi- 
tions in  the  country. 

Mr.  Gufterman  finally  decided  to  return 
to  Colorado  and  accepted  the  position  of 
manager  of  the  sampling  works  of  W.  J. 
Chamberlain  &  Co.  He  held  this  position 
until  1894,  when  he  became  manager  of  the 
Smelters  Clearing  House,  Denver,  which  was 
dissolved  in  1895.  From  1895  to  1899  he 
was  general  manager  of  the  Durango  plant 
of  the  Omaha  &  Grant  Smelting  Co.,  at  Dur- 
ango. On  the  formation  of  the  American 
Smelting  &  Refining  Co.,  he  was  made  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  Pueblo  plant  of  the  com- 
pany, which  position  he  held  for  two  years, 
until  the  Guggenheim  interests  were  em- 
braced in  the  company,  when  he  was  pro- 
moted to  the  position  of  general  manager  for 
the  Colorado  department,  which  position  he 
has  held  ever  since,  having  during  part  of 
that  time  also  been  assayist  of  the  Utah  de- 
partment. 

The  commanding  station  occupied  by  Mr. 
Guiterman  in  the  smelting  industry  requires 
not  alone  technical  and  practical  knowledge 
of  all  classes  and  grades  of  ores  and  the  best 
methods  for  their  handling  and  treatment, 
but  it  calls  for  executive  ability  of  a  high 
order,  a  quality  which  has  been  developed  in 
Mr.  Guiterman. 

Mr.  Guiterman  is  a  member  of  the  Uni- 
versity club,  the  Denver  club,  the  Denver 
Country  club  and  the  Denver  Athletic  club, 
of  the  Colorado  Scientific  Society  and  the 
American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 

He  was  president  of  the  Colorado  society 
during  1909  and  1910. 

In  1886  Mr.  Guiterman  married  Mary 
Baylies  Sproat,  daughter  of  William  C. 
Sproat  of  Taunton,  Massachusetts.  They 
have  one  son,  Kenneth  S.  Guiterman. 


—165— 


CHARLES  W.  WATERMAN 


—  166— 


CHARLES  W.  WATERMAN. 


T\7ATERMAN,  CHARLES  W.,  attorney 
*  at  law,  born  at  Waitsfield,  Vermont, 
November  2,  1861.  His  earliest  American  an- 
cestor was  Richard  Waterman,  who  landed 
at  Salem,  Massachusetts,  from  England,  June 
16,  1629.  In  1638  he  went  to  Providence  with 
the  band  of  devoted  pilgrims  who  rallied 
under  Roger  "Williams  and  with  him  dedi- 
cated the  new  colony  of  Rhode  Island  to 
the  cause  of  religious  freedom. 

Mr.  Waterman's  father  was  John  Water- 
man, born  March  4,  1812,  died  January  22, 
1892.  His  mother  was  Mary  A.  Leach, 
daughter  of  Robert  and  Sarah  A.  Leach.  He 
was  brought  up  in  the  New  England  atmos- 
phere, trained  to  the  idea  of  a  serious  out- 
look on  life  which  holds  education  as  man's 
best  heritage.  His  father  was  a  farmer  by  oc- 
cupation. He  attended  the  schools  of  his  na- 
tive place  and  wras  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Vermont  in  1885.  He  then  entered 
the  law  department  of  the  University  of 
Michigan,  receiving  his  degree  of  Bachelor 
of  Laws  in  1889.  That  same  year  Mr.  Water- 
man moved  to  Denver  and  entered  the  office 
of  John  F.  Shafroth,  as  a  law  clerk. 

Mr.  Waterman  achieved  success  in  his 
profession  from  the  first.  He  is  now  recog- 


nized as  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  Colorado 
bar.  For  a  number  of  years  he  was  associ- 
ated with  the  firm  of  Wolcott  &  Vaile,  the 
senior  member  being  Senator  Edward  0. 
Wolcott.  Several  years  before  Senator  Wol- 
cott's  death  the  firm  was  reorganized  and  he 
was  taken  into  partnership,  the  firm  being 
known  as  Wolcott,  Vaile  &  Waterman. 

In  1907  Mr.  AVaterman  withdrew  from 
the  firm  and  has  since  that  time  maintained 
a  large  suite  of  offices  in  the  Equitable  Build- 
ing. His  practice  has  been  mostly  in  cor- 
poration law  and  he  is  counsel  for  several 
important  corporations  operating  in  this 
state. 

During  the  session  of  the  Eighteenth  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  which  ended  in  a  deadlock 
over  the  election  of  a  United  States  Senator, 
he  received  a  large  complimentary  vote  from 
the  members  of  his  party  in  the  legislature. 

Mr.  Waterman  has  lived  at  Waitsfield 
and  Burlington,  Vermont ;  Groton,  Connecti- 
cut, and  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Denver  Club,  the  Denver  Country 
Club  and  the  Denver  University  Club. 

He  was  married  June  18,  1890,  to  Miss 
Anna  R.  Cook  of  Burlington,  Vermont. 


—167- 


JUNIUS  FLAGG  BROWN. 


T>  ROWN,  JUNIUS  FLAGG,  merchant,  born 
September  3,  1827,  in  Conneaut,  Ashta- 
bula  county,  Ohio,  died  in  Denver,  Colorado, 
August  9,  1908,  was  the  son  of  Reuben  and 
Betsy  Horton  (Hill)  Brown.  His  American 
progenitor  in  the  paternal  line  was  Henry 
Brown,  who  emigrated  from  England  and 
settled  in  Salisbury,  Massachusetts,  about 
1639.  Moses  Brown,  his  descendant  in  the 


Starksboro,  Vermont,  died  at  the  age  of  87, 
in  Denver,  in  1889.  Her  brother,  General 
Charles  W.  Hill,  adjutant-general  of  Ohio 
during  the  administration  of  Governor  Todd, 
was  active  in  raising  and  putting  into  the 
field  the  quota  of  that  state  in  the  civil  war. 
In  the  maternal  line,  Mr.  Brown  is  de- 
scended from  General  Robert  Sedgwick,  born 
in  England,  in  1600,  and  settled  in  Charles- 


JUNIUS  FLAGG  BROWN 


fifth  generation,  born  in  East  Kingston,  New 
Hampshire,  in  1750,  and  a  soldier  with  the 
colonists  in  the  Revolution,  married  Mary 
Hobbs,  of  Poplin,  New  Hampshire,  and  later 
moved  to  Strafford,  Orange  county,  Vermont. 
Their  son,  Reuben,  born  in  Strafford,  in  1797, 
early  in  life  located  in  Conneaut,  Ohio,  where 
he  engaged  in  farming.  His  wife,  a  daughter 
of  John  and  Laura  (Bushnell)  Hill,  born  in 


town,  Massachusetts,  June  3,  1636.  His  an- 
cestors, at  an  early  period  in  English  history, 
resided  in  the  mountains  that  bordered  on 
the  counties  of  Lancashire,  Yorkshire  and 
Westmoreland,  and  suffered  during  the  War 
of  Roses,  in  the  struggles  between  the  houses 
of  York  and  Lancashire. 

Mr.  Junius  F.  Brown  was  a  member 
of  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution 


—168— 


through  the  lineage  of  his  ancestor,  Moses 
Brown. 

Reuben  and  Betsy  Horton  (Hill)  Brown 
had  a  family  of  five  children :  Junius  F. ; 
Mrs.  Adelia  Dayfoot,  who  died  in  Canada; 
Mrs.  Hannah  Gillett;  John  Sidney;  and 
Charles  H.,  who  died  in  Denver.  Junius  F. 
Brown  spent  his  childhood  and  youth  on  his 
father's  farm  in  his  native  township,  obtain- 
ing his  education  in  the  common  schools  and 
at  the  academy.  In  1850,  he  began  clerking 
for  a  mercantile  firm  in  his  native  town; 
removed  two  years  later  to  Toledo,  Ohio, 
clerking  a  year  in  a  dry-goods  house ;  was 
then  engaged  about  a  year  by  the  Lake  Shore 
then  employed  about  a  year  by  the  Lake 
Shore  and  Michigan  Southern  Railroad ;  then 
commission  merchants,  with  branch  houses 
both  east  and  west.  Removing  to  Atchi- 
son,  Kansas,  in  1857,  he  engaged  in  the  man- 
ufacture of  lumber  for  the  settlers,  his  saw- 
mills being  on  the  Missouri  side  of  the  river. 
Owing  to  the  civil  war,  he  disposed  of  his 
business  in  Missouri  and,  his  teams  being 
idle,  sent  a  train  of  merchandise  to  Denver, 
with  his  brother,  J.  Sidney,  in  charge.  In 
the  meantime  he  continued  in  charge  of  his 
affairs  at  Atchison,  then  being  engaged  in 
freighting,  until  1865,  when  he  became  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Drury  &  Brown, 
wholesale  grocers,  at  Atchison.  Closing  out 
his  interests  there,  Mr.  Brown  came  to  Den- 
ver in  1870,  and  entered  into  the  wholesale 
grocer  business  with  his  brother,  J.  Sidney 
Brown,  under  the  firm  name  of  J.  S.  Brown 
&  Brother,  which  became  one  of  the  largest 
and  most  prosperous  establishments  in  the 
west.  Their  first  location  was  on  Blake, 
near  Fifteenth  street,  Denver,  removing  from 
that  place  to  "Wazee  and  Eighteenth  in  1876. 
The  firm  was  incorporated  in  1893  as  the 
J.  S.  Brown  &  Brother  Mercantile  Company, 
with  J.  S.  Brown,  president ;  J.  F.  Brown, 
vice-president;  H.  R.  Brown,  secretary; 
F.  S.  Brown,  treasurer,  and  F.  A.  Hall, 
general  manager.  The  firm  erected  the 
first  roller  flouring  mill  and  elevator  in 
Colorado,  on  the  site  of  the  Crescent  Mill ; 
was  also  interested  in  the  organization  of 
the  Bank  of  San  Juan,  Del  Norte,  Colorado ; 
also  in  founding  the  banks  at  Alamosa  and 
Durango;  and  took  an  active  part  in  the 
organization  of  the  Denver  Tramway  Com- 
pany. In  1882,  they  engaged  in  the  stock 
business,  known  as  the  Brown-Iliff  Cattle 
Company,  with  a  large  ranch  at  Snyder, 
Colorado,  their  herds  ranging  between  the 
South  Platte  and  Wyoming.  J.  F.  Brown 
was  the  president  of  the  company.  For 
fifteen  years  prior  to  1893,  Mr.  Brown  was 


vice-president  of  the  City  National  Bank  of 
Denver.  He  was  largely  interested  in  the 
construction  of  the  South  Park  Railroad; 
was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  the 
Denver,  Texas  and  Fort  Worth  Railroad; 
was  an  incorporator  of  the  Denver  Tramway 
Company;  for  many  years  was  president  of 
the  Riverside  Cemetery  Association;  made 
large  investments  in  many  enterprises,  and 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  prominent  up- 
builders  of  Colorado  and  the  west. 

He  and  his  brother,  J.  Sidney  Brown, 
were  in  business  together  during  a  poriod  of 
forty  years,  and  an  example  of  more  har- 
monious partnership,  never  existed.  In  1900, 
Mr.  J.  F.  Brown  withdrew  from  the  firm  and 
organized  the  J.  F.  Brown  Investment  Com- 
pany, associating  with  him  his  son,  H.  K. 
Brown,  and  his  son-in-law,  F.  S.  Titsworth 
(now  of  the  firm  of  Pershing  &  Titsworth, 
attorneys).  He  built  his  art  gallery  in  1903, 
to  which  the  public  was  always  welcome. 
The  last  ten  years  of  his  life  were  occupied 
in  collecting  pictures,  and  his  gallery  was 
one  of  the  choicest  in  the  west.  After  a 
long  and  successful  business  career,  art  be- 
came his  recreation  and  passion.  At  first, 
making  no  pretentions  as  a  collector  of  paint- 
ings, yet  as  the  idea  grew  upon  him,  he  be- 
came an  expert  in  this  line  of  art,  although 
he  made  no  claims  as  such.  He  loved  his 
pictures.  They  appealed  to  his  aesthetic 
nature,  which  was  truly  in  touch  with  the 
true,  the  beautiful  and  the  good.  He  was 
ever  the  friend  of  the  artist,  and  was  always 
pleased  to  assist  in  the  loan  exhibitions.  He 
was  also  fond  of  a  good  horse,  and  his  was  a 
familiar  figure  after  business  hours,  driving 
on  the  streets  of  Denver.  He  was  the  organ- 
izer of  the  Gentleman's  Driving  Club,  where 
the  Country  Club  now  stands. 

Mr.  Brown  married  first,  at  Conneaut, 
Ohio,  in  1859,  Miss  Jane  B.  (born  in  Can- 
ada), daughter  of  John  B.  Kilborn  of  that 
town.  She  died  in  1877,  leaving  three  child- 
ren, Helen  (Mrs.  James  W.  Douglas),  Jane 
M.  (Mrs.  F.  S.  Titsworth),  and  Harry  K. 
Brown,  class  of  1892,  Yale,  and  now  presi- 
dent of  the  J.  F.  Brown  Investment  Com- 
pany. 

He  married  second,  on  November  28,  1878, 
at  Denver,  Mary  L.,  daughter  of  Marcus  B. 
Brundage,  the  latter  a  native  of  Poughkeep- 
sie,  New  York,  who  removed  to  Colorado 
with  his  family  and  died  in  California  in 
1883.  Mr.  Brundage  married  Harriet,  daugh- 
ter of  Theodore  Hudson  Parmelee,  a  descend- 
ant of  a  patriot  of  the  Revolution,  and  a  fam- 
ily that  came  from  England  in  1639. 

Of  this  second  marriage  was  born  one 
child,  June  Louise  Brown. 


—169— 


WHITNEY  NEWTON 


—170 


WHITNEY  NEWTON. 


XTEWTON,  WHITNEY,  lumber  and  ce- 
•^  ment  manufacturer,  with  large  commer- 
cial interests,  was  born  at  Monroe,  Wiscon- 
sin, April  5,  1858,  and  is  the  son  of  Ezra 
A.  and  Ruth  A.  (Wilbur)  Newton.  His  ear- 
liest American  ancestor  was  Richard  Newton, 
who  came  from  England  in  1638,  and  settled 
at  Marlborough,  Massachusetts. 

Mr.  Newton's  father  was  born  March 
23,  1817,  and  died  June  24th,  1878.  In  life 
he  was  a  well  known  and  most  successful 
lumberman,  and  it  may  be  presumed  that  the 
son  and  subject  of  this  sketch  inherited  his 
proclivities  in  that  direction. 

His  mother  is  still  alive  and  is  a  resident 
of  Denver.  She  is  eighty-seven  years  of  age, 
spends  her  winters  in  California  and  is  still 
in  proud  possession  of  all  her  faculties. 

Mr.  Newton  came  with  his  father  to  Den- 
ver in  1871,  and  received  his  preliminary 
education  in  the  public  schools.  He  was  the 
first  public  school  pupil  to  leave  Denver  for 
college,  and  is  entitled  to  the  honor  of  being 
considered  the  first  graduate  of  the  Denver 
High  School. 

From  1875  to  1879,  Mr.  Newton  attended 
Cornell  University,  from  which  institution 
he  was  graduated  in  the  latter  year,  having 
conferred  upon  him  his  A.  B.  degree. 

Mr.  Newton  first  engaged  in  business  in 
Denver,  and  was  employed  in  the  City 


National  Bank.  He  later  organized  and  be- 
came the  cashier  of  The  Bank  of  Brecken- 
ridge. 

In  1880,  he  disposed  of  his  banking  in- 
terests and  in  1881,  engaged  in  the  lumber 
trade  with  his  brother  at  Pueblo,  and  the 
business  there  still  continues  under  the  man- 
agement of  Wilbur  Newton,  the  son  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  making  the  fifth  gen- 
eration to  be  engaged  in  the  lumber  business. 

Mr.  Newton  was  honored  by  his  election  as 
State  Treasurer  of  Colorado,  1903-1904,  and 
served  with  credit  and  distinction  to  himself, 
party  and  the  state. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club,  the 
Denver  Country  Club,  the  Motor  Club  and 
Overland  Park.  He  is  also  an  active  member 
of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  of  the  Sons  of 
Colorado;  is  also  a  thirty-second  degree 
Mason,  a  Knight  Templar  and  a  member  of 
the  Alpha  Delta  Phi  College  Society. 

At  the  present  time,  Mr.  Newton  is  Vice- 
President  of  the  Colorado  Portland  Cement 
Company;  of  the  Cement  Securities  Com- 
pany; of  the  Pagosa  Lumber  Company  and 
of  the  Newton  Lumber  Company. 

Mr.  Newton  was  married  in  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 
in  1881,  to  Mary  Rose  Quigg,  daughter  of 
James  Quigg  of  that  place.  They  have  five 
children:  Wilbur,  James,  Whitney,  Jr.,  Rob- 
ert and  George. 


—171— 


MEYER  GUGGENHEIM. 


UGGENHEIM,  MEYER,  merchant  and     ing  salesman  of  stove  polish  and  glue.     In 
mining  and  smelting,  born  February  1,     this  line  of  work,  he  began  making  a  little 

i  tr\    T  ,o  T*  rm  on       W!THTI  ^  ^fir*!  a  v»  /"i        /"ii^irl     o  4-    T-^o  I  »vi  »v^  r\-r\  s\fT        «-»•»•»  *-l      r»l^«w      «1  AWA!  A««£M*.M     ,  __  i?__  1 


+i 

1828,  in  Langnau,  Switzerland,  died  at  Palm 
Beach,  Florida,  of  pneumonia,  March  16, 
1905,  was  the  son  of  Simon  Guggenheim. 


money,  and  also  developing  resourceful  op- 
portunities. By  nature  he  was  very  inquisi- 
tive. He  was 'always  a  patient  and  earnest 


MEYER  GUGGENHEIM 


When  nineteen  years  of  age,  he  came  to  this 
country,  in  1847,  with  his  father  and  four 
sisters.  From  his  early  years  in  the  old 
country,  his  struggle  in  life  and  for  edu- 
cation had  been  against  great  odds  and  dif- 
ficulties. His  early  career  in  America  was 
also  one  of  hardship.  His  father  settled  in 
Philadelphia,  and  soon  after,  his  son,  Meyer, 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  became  a  wander- 


seeker  for  knowledge,  both  for  its  own  sake, 
as  well  as  its  commercial  value.  His  inquisi- 
tiveness  developed  acquisitiveness,  which  led 
to  his  great  fortune. 

While  engaged  in  selling  stove  polish,  he 
became  interested  as  to  what  its  ingredients 
might  be.  Taking  a  sample  of  this  polish  to 
a  friend  who  was  also  a  chemist,  he  requested 
the  latter  to  analyze  it  for  him.  Having 


—172- 


learned  the  principles  upon  which  it  was 
made,  he  began  to  manufacture  the  product 
for  himself,  greatly  increasing  his  profits. 
He  also  made  a  similar  investigation  as  to 
glue,  with  a  like  result. 

From  the  itinerant  vender,  he  became  the 
merchant,  and  made  a  fortune  in  the  importa- 
tion and  sale  of  Swiss  embroideries.  In  the 
meantime,  a  large  family  was  being  reared 
by  him,  and  the  elder  sons  engaged  in  busi- 
ness with  him.  The  firm  had  been  known 
as  Guggenheim  &  Pulaski  (H.  H.).  Now, 
that  he  had  taken  the  older  sons  in  with  him, 
he  sent  Daniel,  next  to  the  elder  to  Switzer- 
land, to  investigate  and  learn  the  details  of 
the  business.  The  partnership  with  Pulaski 
was  dissolved  in  1881,  and  the  firm  became 
known  as  M.  Guggenheim's  Sons,  four  of  the 
sons  being  connected  therewith  and  removing 
to  New  York.  Daniel  Guggenheim,  during 
his  stay  in  Switzerland,  rapidly  pushed  and 
extended  their  operations  in  that  country, 
which,  with  the  increased  trade  in  the  United 
States,  caused  the  firm  to  be  recognized  as 
the  largest  importers  of  Swiss  embroideries 
in  America.  The  sons  became  the  same  tire- 
less and  indefatigible  workers  as  their  father 
had  been  before  them.  They  were  prosper- 
ous in  business,  but  their  commercial  suc- 
cess was  not  easily  won.  Tact,  skill,  fore- 
sight, backed  by  energy  and  pluck,  were  the 
ingredients  of  their  success. 

Incidentally,  Mr.  Guggenheim  was  drawn 
into  the  mining  and  smelting  business.  A 
friend  having  obtained  an  option  on  a  mine 
in  Colorado,  requested  Mr.  Guggenheim  to 
advance  him  money  with  which  to  complete 
the  deal.  Mr.  Guggenheim  refused  to  do 
this,  but  consented  to  go  in  with  him  as  a 
partner,  which  proposition  was  accepted  by 
the  latter.  The  mine  had  been  flooded,  and 
although  containing  valuable  ores,  could  not 
at  that  time  be  worked  at  a  profit.  Mr. 
Guggenheim  came  west  to  investigate  for 
himself.  This  was  characteristic  of  the 
father,  and  is  now  true  of  the  sons.  After 
looking  over  the  condition  of  the  mine,  Mr. 
Guggenheim  came  to  the  conclusion  that  it 
could  be  made  to  pay,  and  make  it  pay  he 
did. 

This  mine  and  other  investments  in  this 
industry,  led  him  into  the  smelting  and 
refining  business.  In  the  meantime,  the 
youuger  sons  had  become  associated  in  these 
enterprises.  They  are  seven  in  number,  and 
that  today  is  the  meaning  of  "M.  Guggen- 
heim's Sons." 


As  a  mining  man,  Mr.  Guggenheim  ob- 
served that  the  cost  paid  to  the  smelters  for 
the  treatment  of  the  ores  from  the  mine  was 
heavy,  and  came  to  the  conclusion  that  if 
there  was  money  in  it  for  others,  there  was 
also  for  himself.  After  investigating  this 
phase  of  the  question,  he  invested  $80,000  in 
stock  in  a  smelting  company  at  Denver.  He 
sent  one  of  his  sons  to  this  smelter,  to  learn 
the  business,  and  the  practical  phases  of  the 
industry. 

Branching  out  into  the  mining  and 
smelting  business,  the  Guggenheims  closed 
out  their  affairs  as  merchants  and  importers. 
In  1888,  there  was  erected  in  Pueblo  for 
them  a  large  smelter,  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,250,000.  Their  operations  then  began  to 
extend  over  the  United  States  and  into  Mex- 
ico and  South  America.  They  erected  the 
first  complete  silver-lead  smelter  in  Mon- 
terey, the  plant  having  a  capacity  of  30,000 
tons  a  month.  Larger  works  were  con- 
structed at  Aguas  Calientes,  and  a  refining 
plant  was  erected  at  Perth  Amboy,  New  Jer- 
sey. They  now  conducted  vast  enterprises 
in  the  United  States,  old  Mexico,  and  Chile, 
South  America,  and  were  known  as  the  most 
prominent  men  in  this  industry,  and  when 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany was  organized,  refused  to  join  it.  But 
in  January,  1901,  they  became  a  part  of  the 
latter  corporation,  obtaining  a  controlling 
interest  in  the  company. 

The  Guggenheims  were  also  largely  inter- 
ested in  mines,  and  organized  the  Guggen- 
heim Exploration  Company  to  continue  this 
line  of  work,  in  which  they  are  now  oper- 
ating in  many  parts  of  the  world.  They 
also  have  large  investments  in  railroads, 
steamship  lines,  coal  mines,  and  other  great 
enterprises. 

Mr.  Guggenheim  married,  September  5, 
1853,  Miss  Barbara  Meyers,  and  to  them 
were  born  eight  sons  and  three  daughters, 
and  on  her  death,  she  left  surviving  seven 
sons  and  two  daughters.  She  was  a  mother 
devoted  to  her  husband  and  children,  to 
whom  she  is  a  sacred  memory.  Mrs.  Guggen- 
heim was  interested  in  many  charities,  which 
she  aided  liberally  with  donations.  It  is 
characteristic  of  the  sons  to  continue  finan- 
cial assistance  to  those  organizations  in 
which  she  was  specially  interested,  as  a  me- 
morial to  her.  These  seven  sons,  now  world- 
wide as  financiers,  are :  Isaac,  Daniel,  Murry, 
Solomon  R.,  Benjamin,  Simon  (q.  v..  United 
States  Senator  from  Colorado),  and  William. 


—173— 


JOHN  DAVID  BEST 


—174 


JOHN  DAVID  BEST. 


T>EST,  JOHN  DAVID,  pioneer,  Denver 
•*-*  commission  man  and  former  shipmaster, 
was  born  at  New  Minas,  Nova  Scotia,  Febru- 
ary 18,  1836.  His  father  was  William  Best, 
a  cabinet  maker.  His  mother  was  Ann  Best, 
daughter  of  David  Whitman.  His  paternal 
grandfather  came  from  England  in  1778  and 
settled  at  New  Minas.  On  his  mother's  side, 
Captain  Best  traces  his  ancestry  back  to 
John  Whitman,  who  came  to  this  country  in 
1636  and  settled  at  Weymouth,  Massachu- 
setts, sixteen  years  after  the  Pilgrims  landed 
at  Plymouth  Rock. 

When  a  young  boy,  the  Best  family 
moved  back  to  the  states,  settling  in  Bath, 
Maine.  In  this  town,  which  was  the  home  of 
the  American  shipbuilding  industry  when 
our  flag  led  in  the  commerce  of  the  world, 
young  Best  received  his  early  schooling. 
From  the  Avindows  of  the  old  schoolhouse  the 
tall  masts  of  the  shipping,  reflected  in  the 
blue  waters  of  the  bay,  framed  a  picture  in 
the  youth's  imagination  that  was  compelling 
in  its  summons.  The  sea  called  him  and,  like 
most  of  the  boys  of  Bath,  he  waited  impa- 
tiently for  the  time  when  he  should  sail  the 
ocean  wide. 

At  the  age  of  fifteen,  young  Best  was 
stricken  with  a  fever  which  reduced  him  phy- 
sically to  such  a  degree  that  it  was  believed 
he  would  fill  an  early  grave.  But  he  dis- 
agreed with  the  doctors.  After  the  illness 
had  run  its  course  young  Best  announced  his 
intention  of  going  to  sea,  and,  overcoming 
parental  opposition,  he  shipped  before  the 
mast. 

In  his  sea-going  voyages,  Captain  Best 
was  shipwrecked  three  times,  but  escaped  on 
each  occasion.  In  1854,  at  the  end  of  a 
voyage  that  found  him  in  New  Orleans,  he, 
in  company  with  two  friends,  made  his  way 
up  the  Mississippi,  their  plan  being  to  secure 
berth  in  the  shipping  of  the  Great  Lakes. 
After  many  discouragements,  Captain  Best 
was  given  a  ship  and  for  a  number  of  years 
he  sailed  out  of  Chicago  in  the  grain  trade. 

In  1860  Captain  Best  came  ashore  and 


went  into  the  ship  chandlery  business  in  Chi- 
cago with  J.  W.  Crawford,  an  old  boyhood 
friend,  as  partner.  Crawford  soon  retired 
and  the  firm  became  Best  &  Dickinson.  For 
more  than  ten  years  they  did  a  thriving  busi- 
ness, but  in  the  Chicago  fire  of  1871,  they 
were  practically  wiped  out,  the  only  thing  re- 
maining being  their  credit,  which  was  based 
on  a  sound  reputation  for  square  dealing. 
To  add  to  the  disaster  that  overtook  them, 
the  insurance  companies  in  which  their  poli- 
cies were  written,  went  under  and  their  loss 
was  almost  complete. 

The  excessive  toil  and  anxiety  occasioned 
by  the  financial  reverses  of  1871,  brought  on 
a  recurrence  of  Captain  Best's  ailment  and 
the  following  year  he  set  out  for  Colorado  to 
secure  relief  from  asthma.  The  exhilarating 
climate  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  region  re- 
stored him  to  perfect  health  almost  imme- 
diately and  he  was  able  to  apply  the  tireless 
industry  that  was  characteristic  of  him  to  the 
tasks  at  hand.  Soon  he  had  established  a 
leading  wholesale  grocery  business,  to  which 
he  added  a  flour  and  grain  department. 

Following  the  Leadvilie  boom,  when  the 
South  Park  railroad  was  started  toward  the 
new  camp,  the  John  D.  Best  firm  did  most 
of  the  forwarding.  In  the  discharge  of  this 
contract,  Captain  Best  led  a  life  of  strenuous 
activity,  but  the  rewards  were  large. 

For  thirty-four  years  Captain  Best  con- 
tinued at  the  head  of  his  Denver  business, 
but  in  1906,  at  the  age  of  seventy,  feeling 
that  he  had  performed  a  man 's  share  of  hard 
labor,  he  retired,  turning  the  active  manage- 
ment of  the  business,  which  still  bears  his 
name,  over  to  his  son,  Charles  Fred  Best. 

Captain  Best  was  married  at  Buffalo, 
New  York,  in  1860,  to  the  sweetheart  of  his 
boyhood  days,  Martha  C.  Hooper,  of  Bath. 
They  had  two  sons  and  three  daughters: 
Charles  Fred  Best,  John  W.  Best,  Mrs. 
George  G.  Speer,  Mrs.  J.  M.  Terry  and  Lucy 
Etta  Best,  who  died  shortly  after  the  family 
arrived  in  Denver.  John  W.  Best,  who  was 
born  in  Denver,  died  at  the  age  of  twenty- 
five. 


—175— 


HENRY  CORDES  BROWN 


—176— 


HENRY  CORDES  BROWN. 


DROWN,  HENRY  CORDES,  capitalist, 
-*-*  born  near  St.  Clairsville,  Belmont  county, 
Ohio,  Nov.  18,  1820,  died  March  6,  1906,  in 
San  Diego,  California,  was  the  son  of  Samuel 
and  Polly  (Newkirk)  Brown,  and  was  descend- 
ed from  a  partiotic  and  colonial  New  England 
family.  His  American  ancestor  was  Nicholas, 
son  of  Edward  and  Jane  (Lide)  Brown  of 
Inkberrow,  (lukbarrow),  eight  miles  from 
Droitwich,  Worcestershire,  England.  Nich- 
olas was  made  a  freeman  at  Lynn,  Sep.  7, 
1638,  and  a  representative  to  the  General 
Court  in  1641,  and  in  1644,  removed  to  Read- 
ing, Massachusetts,  where  he  died  Aug.  5, 1673. 
He  was  known  as  a  public  spirited  man  in  the 
affairs  of  the  town  and  colony.  His  son 
Cornelius  Brown,  resident  of  Reading,  mar- 
ried, in  1665,  Sarah,  daughter  of  William  (of 
Ipswich,  who  died  Feb.  1,  1659)  and  Sarah 
Lampson.  Their  son,  Samuel  Brown,  born 
Sept.  18,  1675,  died  1722,  a  native  of  Reading, 
was  a  gentleman  of  high  standing,  who  at  the 
time  of  his  death  was  wealthy  for  those  days. 
His  wife  Mary,  who  died  in  1778,  took  charge 
of  the  estate,  which  she  successfully  managed 
during  a  widowhood  of  more  than  fifty  years. 
Elisha,  their  son,  born  Dec.  12,  1715,  died 
1756,  married  May  17,  1744,  Elizabeth,  born 
March  8,  1720,  died  Sept.  9,  1818,  daughter 
of  Simon  and  Hannah  (Potter)  Davis,  a  de- 
scendant of  Dolor  (1600-1673)  and  Margery 
(Willard)  Davis.  Elisha  Brown  moved  to 
Cambridge  in  1744,  where  he  married  Eliza- 
beth Davis.  To  the  wealth  inherited  from 
his  father,  he  also  added  another  fortune  and 
died  in  Acton.  They  were  the  parents  of 
four  children,  Hannah,  Mary,  Samuel,  and 
Elisha. 

Samuel,  their  third  child,  who  was  the 
father  of  Henry  C.  Brown  of  Denver,  was 
born  Oct.  12,  1749,  probably  in  Cambridge, 
but  enlisted  from  Acton  in  the  American 
Revolution,  in  which  he  held  the  rank  of 
2nd  lieutenant,  Capt.  Patch's  Company,  Col. 
William  Prescott's  regiment.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  engagements  at  Bunker  Hill  and 
Concord,  and  was  at  the  siege  of  Boston.  He 
was  also  in  the  Arnold  expedition  to  Quebec, 
where  he  was  wounded  and  taken  prisoner, 
but  paroled  in  Sept.,  1776,  and  sent  home. 
In  1800,  when  51  years  of  age,  Samuel  Brown 
removed  to  St.  Clairsville,  Ohio,  where  he 
died  in  1828,  and  was  buried  with  military 
honors. 

Henry  C.  Brown,  through  his  grandmother 
Elizabeth  (Davis)  Brown,  is  also  descended 
from  old  colonial  stock.  Her  American  an- 
cestor, Dolor  Davis,  born  in  England  in  1600, 
died  in  Barnstable,  1673,  married  in  England, 


Margery,  daughter  of  Maj.  Simon  Willard. 
Their  son,  Lieut.  Simon  Davis  (1636-1673) 
married  Mary,  daughter  of  James  Blood,  and 
their  son,  Dr.  Simon  Davis,  of  Concord,  born 
1660,  married  Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Henry 
and  Eleanor  (Hopkinson)  Woodhouse.  Their 
son,  Simon  Davis,  of  Concord,  born  Sept.  7, 
1692,  married,  June  1,  1719,  Hannah  Pot- 
ter (1690-1782),  and  they  were  the  parents 
of  Elizabeth  (Davis)  Brown.  Through  this 
line  he  is  a  descendant  of  Luke  Potter  (died 
1697),  who  married  in  1644,  Mary,  daughter 
of  Walter  Edmonds.  Judah  Potter,  their 
son,  and  father  of  Hannah  (Potter)  Davis, 
married  Grace,  daughter  of  Captain  Joshua 
and  Hannah,  born  1636,  (Mason)  Brooks. 
He  was  the  son  of  Captain  Thomas  Brooks, 
and  she  the  daughter  of  Captain  Hugh  and 
Esther  Mason.  In  these  ancestral  lines, 
Henry  Woodhouse,  who  died  in  Concord  in 
1700,  was  a  representative  to  the  General 
Court,  in  1635,  and  1690-92,  and  an  officer 
in  Phips  expedition  of  1690.  Captain  Hugh 
Mason,  who  died  in  Watertown,  1678,  was 
among  its  first  settlers,  and  was  made  a  free- 
man in  1635;  was  a  representative  to  the 
General  Court  ten  terms;  selectman  twenty- 
five  years;  lieutenant,  1649;  captain,  1652; 
commissioner,  whose  duty  was  to  try  small 
cases  before  days  of  a  justice  of  the  peace. 
Captain  Mason  at  the  age  of  28  and  his  wife 
Esther,  22,  came  to  Boston  in  the  "Francis," 
from  Ipswich  county,  Suffolk,  England,  April 
1634.  When  in  advanced  years,  he  com- 
manded his  company  in  King  Philip's  War. 

Samuel,  the  father  of  Henry  C.  Brown, 
married  first,  a  daughter  of  Maj.  Daniel 
Fletcher,  a  gallant  officer  in  the  American 
Revolution;  second,  Polly  Newkirk,  and  of 
this  last  marriage,  Henry  C.  was  born,  his 
mother  dying  when  he  was  two  years  of  age, 
and  at  seven  he  was  left  an  orphan  on  his 
father's  death. 

Henry  C.  Brown  was  educated  in  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  at  the  Franklin  Brooks 
Academy,  St.  Clairsville,  remaining  on  a 
farm  where  he  was  apprenticed  to  a  family 
named  Carroll  until  16.  Later,  learning  the 
carpenters  trade,  as  well  as  the  business  of  an 
architect,  he  became  an  assistant  to  his 
brother,  Isaac  Brown,  architect  and  builder, 
St.  Louis,  until  1852.  He  then  crossed  over- 
land to  California,  driving  an  ox  team,  walk- 
ing nearly  all  the  way,  making  the  journey 
in  110  days,  to  Hangtown,  now  Placerville, 
California.  After  a  brief  stop,  he  went  to 
San  Francisco,  and  a  few  weeks  later  to  Port- 
land, Ore.  A  month  later  going  up  the  Co- 
lumbia river,  then  crossing  by  land  to  the 


—177— 


Williamette,  thence  to  Olympia  and  Puget 
Sound  country.  There  he  formed  a  co- 
partnership with  Roads  and  Peabody,  and 
located  and  began  the  construction  of  a  saw 
mill  at  the  mouth  of  Whatcom  river,  empty- 
ing into  Bellingham  Bay,  and  for  eight  months 
engaged  in  the  lumber  business.  Returning 
to  San  Francisco,  he  resumed  the  occupation 
of  architect  and  builder,  for  three  years, 
erecting  some  of  the  finest  buildings  of  that 
period,  including  that  of  a  bank,  then  the 
best  structure  in  the  city.  Then  going  to 
Oroville  and  engaging  in  the  building  and 
the  commission  business,  he  accumulated 
$6,000  in  six  months.  Returning  to  San 
Francisco  again,  he  sailed  in  the  clipper  ship, 
"Golden  Eagle,"  for  Peru,  South  America, 
intending  to  go  into  business  there.  But  his 
partner  failing  to  arrive,  he,  after  touring  Lima 
and  Calleo  for  60  days,  again  sailed,  taking 
voyage  via  Cape  Horn  for  Hampton  Roads, 
Va. ;  from  there,  visiting  Baltimore,  Phila- 
delphia, New  York,  Chicago,  he  returned  to  St. 
Louis,  Missouri  May  3,  1858,  after  an  absence 
of  five  years.  He  took  passage  a  few  days  later 
up  the  Missouri  river  to  Sioux  City.  Then  re- 
moving to  Decatur,  Nebraska,  remaining  about 
two  years,  making  investments  and  build- 
ing a  hotel.  After  heavy  financial  reverses, 
he  removed  to  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  July 
1,  1859.  Leaving  the  latter  place  during  the 
year  with  his  wife  and  one  child  (James  H. 
Brown,  now  a  leading  Denver  lawyer),  and 
all  of  his  worldly  goods,  and  crossing  the 
plains  with  an  ox  team,  he  arrived  in  Denver 
June  10,  1860.  Again  he  became  the  archi- 
tect, builder  and  carpenter.  The  first  build- 
ing he  erected  in  this  city,  was  a  structure 
on  Cherry  Creek  used  by  the  M.  E.  congre- 
gregation  for  a  church  until  it  was  washed 
away  by  the  flood  of  May  4,  1864.  Two 
weeks  before  the  flood  he  had  removed  to 
his  pre-emption  claim,  taken  up  in  1863,  a 
tract  of  land  later  known  as  Brown's  addi- 
tion to  the  City  of  Denver,  which  later  be- 
came the  fashionable  residence  section  of  the 
city.  Ten  acres  out  of  the  heart  of  this 
tract  Mr.  Brown  donated  for  a  building  site, 
where  now  stands  the  magnificent  Colorado 
State  Capitol  Building.  This  ten  acre  tract 
is  now  worth  about  a  million  dollars,  and  the 
original  pre-emption  claim,  about  $25,000,000. 
The  Brown  Palace  Hotel,  erected  by  Mr. 
Brown  on  this  old  tract,  1889-1892,  cost  more 
than  $1,600,000.  This  handsome  structure, 
built  of  granite,  brown  sandstone,  and  onyx,  is 
nine  stories  high,  and  was  completed  in  time  for 
the  Knight  Templar  Triennial  Conclave,  held 
for  the  first  time  in  Denver,  August,  1892.  In 
1873,  he  built  the  beautiful  mansion  later 


known  as  the  "Tabor"  residence,  the  finest 
in  the  city  at  that  time. 

In  1870  Mr.  Brown  became  the  owner  of 
the  Denver  Tribune,  which  he  sold  in  1875, 
the  paper  being  later  absorbed  by  the  Denver 
Republican.  During  his  control  of  the  Tri- 
bune, Mr.  Brown  was  fearless  in  his  editorial 
policy,  denouncing  wrongs  as  he  saw  them, 
whether  emanating  from  those  of  either  high 
or  low  degree.  In  this  way  he  aroused  op- 
position which  caused  him  some  trouble  later, 
but  with  that  grit  and  determination  that 
always  characterized  his  life,  he  triumphed 
over  all  obstacles.  When  Mr.  Brown  pur- 
chased the  Tribune,  it  was  a  small  paper,  with 
poor  equipment,  and  was  published  on  a 
hand  press.  He  erected  a  four  storied  build- 
ing for  the  paper,  corner  of  16th  and  Market, 
and  purchased  modern  machinery  and  type. 
The  Tribune  then  started  upon  that  brilliant 
career  which  later  brought  to  its  staff  Eugene 
Field,  Bill  Nye,  and  other  writers  of  national 
reputation.  In  the  corner  room  of  the  first 
floor  of  his  Tribune  building,  he  and  Mr.  C. 
D.  Gurley  also  established  a  bank. 

Mr.  Brown  was  a  charter  member  of  the 
old  Board  of  Trade.  He  was  also  a  member 
of  the  company  organized  to  build  the  first 
railroad  to  Denver — the  Denver  Pacific,  be- 
tween Denver  and  Cheyenne;  was  associated 
with  the  interests  that  developed  the  present 
Denver  City  Tramway  Company;  assisted  in 
establishing  the  Bank  of  Denver;  and,  gave 
the  first  $1,000  to  found  the  Denver  City 
library. 

The  builder  and  promoter  of  great 
enterprises,  a  liberal  patron  to  public  and 
private  institutions,  Henry  C.  Brown  stands 
among  the  foremost  in  Colorado  history,  and 
as  an  empire  builder  for  the  entire  west.  He 
had  the  honor  of  being  a  real  Son  of  the  Revo- 
lution, his  father  Samuel,  often  being  known 
as  "Bunker  Hill"  Brown.  He  took  a  deep 
interest  in  the  work  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution, of  which  he  was  a  member,  and  kin- 
dred organizations. 

Henry  C.  Brown  married  first,  Anna  L., 
daughter  of  John  Inskepp,  in  1841,  at  St. 
Clairsville,  Ohio.  She  died  Jan.  5,  1854, 
leaving  issue  of  this  marriage  two  children: 
Anna  M.  (wife  of  Hubert  R.  Green,  of  Den- 
ver), born  May  3,  1842;  and,  Benjamin  F. 
Brown,  born  in  Dec.,  1843. 

He  married  second,  Aug.  3,  1858,  in  De- 
catur, Neb.,  Jane  Cory,  daughter  of  the  Rev. 
James  Thompson,  of  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 
They  had  three  children:  James  Henry,  (q.  v.) 
born  in  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  Sept.  3,  1859;  Carrie 
Marcia  (wife  of  Robert  T.  Cassell),  born 
July  18,  1868,  in  Denver,  Colo;  and  Sherman 
Thompson,  born  July  3,  1871  in  Denver,  and 
died  Sept.  14,  1906. 


—178— 


JESSE  FLOYD  WELBORN. 


VJL7ELBORN,  JESSE  FLOYD,  president 
W  Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron  Co.,  was  born 
March  9,  1870  at  Ashland,  Nebraska,  son  of 
John  Wesley  and  Jennie  Roberts  Welborn. 
His  father  was  a  farmer  and  he  grew  up  amid 
the  wholesome  surroundings  of  farm  life. 
At  the  age  of  seventeen,  equipped  with  a  com- 
mon school  education,  he  entered  the  state 
bank  at  Indianola,  Nebraska,  remaining  there 
for  three  years,  from  1887  until  1890. 

In  August  of  1890,  Mr.  Welborn  came  to 
Colorado  and  entered  the  employ  of  the  Colo- 
rado Fuel  &  Iron  Company. 

The  growth  of  the  Colorado  Fuel  &  Iron 
Company  was  rapid  in  the  last  decade  of  the 
nineteenth  century,  and  as  the  organization 


enlarged,  Mr.  Welborn  grew  and  developed 
with  it,  advancing  through  regular  stages  to 
general  sales  agent  in  1899. 

Mr.  Welborn  worked  directly  under  Mr. 
A.  C.  Cass,  who  was  connected  with  the 
C.  F.  &  I.  Co.,  and  waaso  infmentialin  its  de- 
velopment from  1888  to  his  death  in  1903. 
On  the  death  of  Mr.  Cass,  Mr.  Welborn  suc- 
ceeded to  his  position  of  Vice-President  in 
charge  of  sales  and  traffic  and  in  1907,  was 
elected  to  the  presidency  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  death  of  Frank  J.  Hearne. 

Mr.  Welborn  was  married  at  Milwaukee 
in  June,  1903.  He  has  one  son  and  one 
daughter.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club  and  the  Denver  Country  Club. 


—  179— 


WILLIAM   EARTH 


—  180— 


WILLIAM  EARTH. 


1DARTH,  WILLIAM,  capitalist,  born  in 
•*-*  Dietz,  Nassau,  Germany,  Dec.  8,  1829, 
is  the  son  of  George  Barth  and  Mina  Barth. 
He  immigrated  to  the  U.  S.  in  1850,  arriving 
in  New  Orleans  in  a  penniless  condition.  He 
soon  found  work  at  his  trade  as  a  shoemaker, 
the  occupation  he  had  followed  in  the  old 
country.  Owing  to  the  climate,  he  was  taken 
sick,  and  after  spending  several  months  in  a 
hospital,  he  went  up  the  river  by  boat  to 
St.  Louis,  and  then  to  Belleville,  111.  He  re- 
moved to  Glasgow,  Mo.  at  the  end  of  a  year, 
with  the  hope  of  there  finding  an  elder  brother, 
Chas.  Barth,  who  had  preceeded  him  two 
years  in  coming  to  this  country,  and  was 
killed  by  Indians  on  his  way  to  California. 
At  Glasgow,  it  was  learned  that  his  brother 
had  followed  the  gold  rush  to  California  in 
1850,  from  whence  he  never  returned.  Mr. 
Earth's  next  move  took  him  from  Glasgow 
to  Bellville,  Mo.,  where  he  engaged  in  the 
boot  and  shoe  business  with  his  brother, 
Moritz,  who  had  also  preceded  him  to  the 
U.  S.  The  civil  war  had  now  broken  out,  and 
the  Barth  Brothers  being  union  men  and  op- 
posed to  slavery,  their  sentiments  were  ob- 
noxious to  the  pro-slavery  element  that  con- 
trolled in  that  part  of  Missouri.  Whereupon, 
they  decided  to  leave  the  state  and  migrate 
to  the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Crossing  the 
Missouri  river  June  2,  1861,  William  Barth, 
with  his  brother  Moritz,  then  started  across 
the  plains  in  an  ox  wagon.  Arriving  in  Colo- 
rado, they  went  to  California  Gulch,  then  a 
placer  mining  region,  where  Leadville  was 
later  established.  Here  he  remained  a  few 
months,  returning  to  St.  Louis  in  the  fall, 
where  he  engaged  in  manufacturing  nail  boots 
for  the  Pike's  Peak  trade,  and  was  soon  there- 
after joined  by  his  brother,  Moritz.  They 
continued  in  this  business  until  1862,  when 
they  again  recrossed  the  plains,  with  two 
wagons,  William  going  to  Fairplay  in  Park 
county,  and  Moritz  to  Montgomery,  at  the 
head  of  the  South  Park. 

William  Barth  later  went  to  111.,  where  he 
spent  the  winter,  returning  to  Denver  in 
May,  1863,  a  few  days  after  the  great  fire  of 
that  year.  Together  with  his  brother,  Mor- 
itz, he  again  resumed  his  boot  and  shoe  busi- 


ness in  very  narrow  quarters  on  Blake  street. 
Only  a  small  space  could  be  obtained  between 
two  buildings,  which  he  roofed.  The  confines 
of  the  little  shop  were  so  close  that  William 
Barth  could  stand  in  the  center  and  reach 
to  the  side  walls.  Building  up  a  successful 
trade  they  removed  to  better  and  more  com- 
modious quarters,  No.  232  Fifteenth  street, 
between  Holladay  (Market)  and  Blake.  Here 
for  many  years  they  conducted  a  large  store 
and  prospered  in  business.  William  Barth 
was  thrifty  and  enterprising.  He  then  pre- 
dicted the  splendid  future  that  awaited  Den- 
ver, and  as  rapidly  as  his  means  would  permit, 
invested  in  real  estate,  engaged  in  banking, 
and  promoted  other  enterprises  that  were 
successful  and  brought  him  wealth.  William 
Barth  became  one  of  the  principal  stockholders 
when  the  City  National  Bank  was  organized 
in  Denver;  also  a  stockholder  in  the  Bank  of 
San  Juan,  at  Del  Norte,  and  in  a  bank  at 
Cripple  Creek,  one  at  Alamosa,  and  another 
at  Durango.  He  was  vice-president  of  the 
City  National  Bank  in  Denver,  and  a  di- 
rector in  the  San  Juan  Bank.  Mr.  Barth  was 
one  of  the  promoters  of  the  Denver  &  South 
Park  Railroad  Company,  of  which  he  was  a 
director  and  a  heavy  stockholder,  also  of  the 
D. &  N. O.Ry.,  and  the C.C.  Short  Line,  and  put 
the  first  $10,000  in  the  Kansas  Pacific.  In 
1867-68,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Denver  Board 
of  Aldermen.  He  went  abroad  the  year  of  the 
Vienna  exposition  with  his  family,  traveling 
especially  in  Austria,  Germany  and  Switzer- 
land. 

In  later  years,  Mr.  Barth  has  greatly  in- 
creased his  real  estate  holdings  in  Denver,  at 
the  same  time  being  prominently  identified 
with  other  business  enterprises.  The  large 
and  imposing  "Barth"  block  bears  his  name. 
His  last  important  real  estate  transaction 
was  the  purchase  of  the  Equitable  building, 
estimated  to  be  worth  $1,250,000. 

Mr.  Barth  married,  first,  in  Parkeville, 
Mo.,  in  May,  1858,  Miss  Anna  Nell,  who  died 
in  Denver,  leaving  two  daughters. 

He  married  , second,  in  October,  1867,  Miss 
Charlotte  Kaempfer  of  Chicago,  by  whom  he 
had  one  son,  Charles  J.  Barth  (q.  v.) 


—181— 


CHARLES  HANSEN  TOLL 


CHARLES  HANSEN  TOLL. 


''TOLL,  CHARLES  HANSEN,  Attorney 
General,  Colorado,  born  in  Onondaga 
county,  New  York,  April  26,  1850,  died  in 
Denver,  Colorado,  December  4,  1901,  was 
the  son  of  Abel  Hyde  and  Sarah  E.  (Mitch- 


ell) Toll.  His  earliest  American  ancestor, 
in  the  paternal  line,  was  Karel  Hansen  Toll, 
of  Dutch  stock,  who  settled  near  Schenec- 
tady,  New  York.  On  his  mother's  side,  the 
Mitchell  family  early  settled  in  Connecticut, 


—182— 


and  was  of  English  descent.  His  father, 
Abel  H.  Toll,  a  farmer,  was  also  a  native  of 
Oiiondaga  county,  and  when  his  son,  Charles 
H.,  was  still  quite  young  removed  to  Bald- 
winsville,  New  York,  near  Syracuse.  Here 
the  latter  attended  the  Baldwinsville  Acad- 
emy, until  1867,  when  he  entered  the  Munro 
Collegiate  Institute,  at  Elbridge,  New  York. 
In  1868,  he  matriculated  at  Hamilton  Col- 
lege, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1872, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  In  connection  with 
the  regular  curriculum,  he  attended  a  course 
of  law  lectures,  having  previously  decided 
to  follow  the  legal  profession.  After  study- 
ing law  in  the  office  of  Senator  Hiscock  at 
Syracuse,  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  that 
city,  where  for  a  short  time  he  was  engaged 
in  practice,  with  gratifying  results. 

Mr.  Toll  came  to  Colorado  in  1875,  lo- 
cating in  Del  Norte.  He  rose  rapidly  in 
public  esteem  and  in  1876  was  elected  county 
judge  of  Rio  Grande  county,  although  but 
twenty-six  years  of  age.  In  1878,  he  was 
elected  on  the  republican  ticket,  a  member 
of  the  house  of  the  Colorado  General  Assem- 
bly, of  which  he  was  one  of  the  ablest  mem- 
bers. He  was  active  in  assisting  in  the  elec- 
tion of  the  Honorable  N.  P.  Hill  to  the  United 
States  Senate  and  in  advocating  the  enact- 
ment of  salutary  and  sound  legislation. 

In  1879,  Mr.  Toll  was  appointed  Assist- 
ant United  States  District  Attorney.  The 
ability  that  he  had  shown  as  a  judge,  legis- 
lator, and  as  assistant  to  the  United  States 
District  Attorney,  together  with  his  high 
standing  as  a  lawyer,  rapidly  brought  his 
name  into  political  prominence.  The  repub- 
lican state  convention,  in  1880,  nominated 
him  for  Attorney  General,  and  he  was 
elected  to  that  office,  by  a  handsome  ma- 
jority. 

After  this  election,  he  removed  to  Den- 
ver, and  made  it  his  permanent  residence 
during  the  rest  of  his  life.  Among  the  many 
important  matters  that  required  his  official 
attention,  was  the  litigation  then  pending,  as 
to  the  title  of  the  state  to  the  Capitol  build- 
ing site.  In  October,  1881,  he  argued  this 
case,  in  the  United  States  Supreme  Court, 
in  behalf  of  Colorado,  and  the  title  of  the 
state  thereto  was  confirmed.  As  the  deci- 
sion rendered  in  this  case  perfected  the  title, 
the  grounds  of  the  present  Capitol  building 
will  remain  as  a  monument  to  his  memory, 
in  the  victory  that  he  won.  He  conducted 
his  department  in  the  state  government  not 
only  with  ability,  but  also  with  the  strictest 
economy. 


On  retiring  as  Attorney  General,  he  re- 
sumed the  regular  practice  of  the  law,  in 
which  he  represented  some  of  the  most  im- 
portant business  interests  in  the  state.  He 
made  a  specialty  of  corporation,  mining,  and 
commercial  law,  in  which  he  was  pre-eminent 
and  successful.  Among  his  clients  were  C.  B. 
Kountze,  Dennis  Sheedy,  and  the  Globe 
Smelter,  the  Enterprise  Mining  Company, 
and  the  Travelers  Insurance  Company.  Mr. 
Toll  was  also  very  active  in  the  formation 
of  the  Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company.  In 
addition  to  his  ability  as  a  lawyer,  he  was 
known  both  in  the  practice  of  the  law,  in 
business,  and  in  private  life,  as  a  man  of 
the  highest  honor  and  integrity. 

In  connection  with  the  law,  he  was  also 
engaged  in  mining  and  other  enterprises,  in 
which  he  was  successful,  in  the  San  Juan, 
in  Colorado,  and  in  New  Mexico.  He  was 
president  of  the  Denver  Land  Company,  and 
the  Community  Ditch  Company,  represent- 
ing important  agricultural  interests  in  the 
vicinity  of  Denver.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  Denver  Club,  and  one  of  the  charter 
members  of  the  University  Club,  of  which 
he  was  president  in  1899-1900.  College 
friendships  and  ties  with  him  were  strong 
and  lasting,  from  the  old  days  when  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Psi  Upsilon  fraternity  at 
Hamilton  to  his  later  associations  with  uni- 
versity men  in  Denver.  Being  of  a  genial 
nature  and  an  amiable  companion,  he  was 
always  readily  approachable.  This  was  one 
of  the  elements  that  brought  him  success. 
He  had  hardly  been  at  Del  Norte,  Colorado, 
a  year,  before  he  was  elected  to  office.  He 
possessed  that  bearing  and  presence  that  at- 
tractd  men  to  him,  and  the  friendships  made, 
he  always  held.  Popular  as  an  after  dinner 
speaker,  tactful  and  versatile  as  a  toast- 
master,  he  was  a  charming  guest  or  pleasing 
host.  Although  always  the  clear  headed  law- 
yer, and  the  shrewd  and  far-seeing  man  of 
business,  he  was  sympathetic  and  generous. 

Mr.  Toll  married  at  Denver,  in  1880,  Miss 
Katharine  E.  "Wolcott,  sister  of  the  Honor- 
able Henry  R.  (q.  v.)  and  the  late  Senator 
Edward  0.  Wolcott  (q.  v.).  The  four  sons 
born  to  them  are :  Charles  H.  Toll,  Jr.,  now 
Professor  of  Philosophy  at  Amherst  College, 
and  Ph.  D.,  Freiburg,  Germany ;  Roger  Wol- 
cott Toll,  civil  engineer,  Denver  Tramway 
Company;  Henry  Wolcott  Toll,  attended 
Harvard  Law  School,  and  now  (1911)  at 
Denver  University ;  and  Oliver  Wolcott  Toll, 
twenty  years  of  age,  and  now  (1911)  in  his 
junior  year  at  Williams  College. 


—183— 


JOHN  LLOYD  McNEIL 


JOHN  LLOYD  McNEIL. 

X/T    XJEIL>  JOHN  LLOYD,  banker,  born  lands   in   Scotland.     Torquille   McNeil,   the 

* VIC  IN  May  8, 1847,  in  Owego,Tioga  county,  common  ancestor,  was  the  keeper  of  the  Cas- 

New  York,  is  the  son  of  Stephen  and  Mary  tie  Sween,  before  1449.     The  American  an- 

C.   (Goodsell)    McNeil.     His  ancestors  came  cestor,  Archibald  McNeil,  came  to  Connect!- 

from  the  ancient  clans  of  the  West  High-  cut  about  1745,  and  settled  near  Stamford. 


—184— 


On  the  maternal  side,  Mr.  McNeil  is  de- 
scended from  John  Brownson,  of  England, 
who  settled  at  Hartford  in  1636,  with 
Thomas  Hooker,  and  removed  to  Farming- 
ton  in  1641,  where  he  was  one  of  the  "Seven 
Pillars  of  the  Church"  organized  in  1652. 
His  son,  Samuel,  was  one  of  the  first  twelve 
settlers  of  New  Milford,  Connecticut ;  was 
the  first  justice  of  the  peace  and  judge  of 
New  Haven  county,  also  a  member  of  the 
Governor's  Court;  was  the  first  deacon  of 
the  first  church,  and  one  of  the  most  widely 
known  men  of  his  time. 

Mr.  McNeil's  great-grandfather,  Ser- 
geant Isaac  Brownson  of  Connecticut  (born 
1758),  was  a  private  in  Captain  Bostwick's 
company,  Colonel  Charles  "Webb's  regiment, 
1775,  reorganized  in  1776,  as  the  Nineteenth 
Continental  Regiment;  marched  from  Bos- 
ton under  Washington  (via  New  London  and 
vessels  through  the  Sound)  to  New  York, 
and  served  in  that  vicinity  from  April  to  the 
close  of  the  year;  was  in  the  battles  of 
White  Plains,  Trenton  and  Princeton.  He 
was  one  of  Bostwick's  men  who  crossed  the 
river  to  Trenton,  on  December  25,  1776. 

Mr.  McNeil  was  educated  at  the  Owego 
Academy,  and  came  to  Denver  May  1,  1870, 
and  upon  the  advent  of  the  Denver  Pacific 
Railway,  a  few  months  later,  became  chief 
clerk  and  cashier  in  the  freight  office,  af- 
fording him  a  wide  acquaintance  with  Colo- 
rado business  men.  He  entered  the  Colorado 
National  Bank  early  in  1871,  serving  as  pay- 
ing and  receiving  teller  until  January,  1876. 
At  that  time,  he  opened  the  Bank  of  San 
Juan  at  Del  Norte,  in  company  with  Alvin 
B.  Daniels,  Junius  F.  and  J.  Sidney  Brown, 
and  William  and  Moritz  Barth,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Daniels,  Brown  &  Company. 
The  partnership  was  unlimited,  and  the  firm 
was  stronger  financially  than  any  bank  or 
business  house  then  operating  in  Colorado. 
The  bank  was  later  moved  to  Alamosa.  A 
branch  was  established  at  Durango  in  1880, 
now  the  First  National  Bank  of  that  city, 
with  Mr.  McNeil  as  its  vice-president.  This 
bank  has  successfully  withstood  all  panics, 
and  is  now  recognized  as  one  of  the  most 
reliable  financial  institutions  in  the  state. 
While  connected  with  the  banks  at  Del 
Norte  and  Alamosa,  Mr.  McNeil  began  to 
make  investments  in  the  San  Luis  valley 
and  the  southwest,  developing  many  inter- 
ests in  that  part  of  Colorado.  In  September, 
1883,  at  the  request  of  prominent  business 


men  in  Leadville,  Mr.  McNeil  removed  to 
that  city,  where  he  established  the  Carbon- 
ate Bank,  which  is  still  in  successful  oper- 
ation. The  strain  upon  his  nervous  system 
being  too  severe  at  that  altitude,  Mr.  McNeil 
resigned  as  president  of  the  Carbonate  Bank 
in  1887,  and  removed  to  Denver,  where  he 
became  the  representative  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Lead  Company  of  Pittsburgh,  pur- 
chasing silver  and  other  bullion  to  the  extent 
of  millions  of  dollars  annually. 

In  1888,  he  purchased  an  interest  in  the 
State  National  Bank,  Denver,  which  was 
largely  increased,  until  the  panic  of  1893, 
when,  with  five  or  more  banks  in  this  city, 
it  closed,  but  soon  after  re-opened,  went  into 
voluntary  liquidation  and  paid  off  its  de- 
positors in  full.  He  was  president  of  the 
Denver  Clearing  House  Association  in  1891; 
was  one  of  the  organizers  and  a  director  in 
what  is  now  the  Globe  Smelting  Plant  of 
the  American  Smelting  and  Refining  Com- 
pany, and  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
builders,  and  also  the  secretary  of  the  Rio 
Grande  Southern  Railroad.  In  1909,  he  or- 
ganized the  Durango  Trust  Company,  of 
which  he  is  president. 

Mr.  McNeil  married,  September  2,  1879, 
Ella  Agnes,  daughter  of  John  J.  Y.  Thomp- 
son, who  was  prominently  identified  with  the 
early  history  of  Western  Pennsylvania. 
Wherever  they  have  resided,  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
McNeil  have  been  actively  identified  in  pro- 
moting the  best  conditions  in  church,  civic 
and  club  affairs. 

Mr.  McNeil  is  a  Presbyterian.  Although 
still  engaged  in  business  at  Durango,  he  re- 
tains Denver  as  his  residence.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Denver  Club,  Denver  Country 
Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  Durango  Club, 
Rocky  Mountain  Club  of  New  York,  Colo- 
rado Society  Sons  of  the  Revolution  (vice- 
president),  and  was  a  founder  and  governor 
of  the  New  York  society;  is  a  member  of 
the  Colorado  Scientific  Society,  the  Sons  of 
Colorado  and  the  San  Juan  Pioneers'  Asso- 
ciation. 

During  forty  years,  Mr.  McNeil  has  been 
connected  with  the  banking  interests  of  this 
state.  Sterling  integrity,  good  business  judg- 
ment, combined  with  firmness  and  tact,  are 
qualities  that  have  enabled  him  to  become 
a  successful  and  prosperous  business  man. 
Personally,  he  is  held  in  high  esteem,  his 
genial  disposition  making  for  him  friends 
of  all  with  whom  he  comes  in  contact. 


—  185— 


HENRY  MYRON  BLACKMER 


—186— 


HENRY  MYRON  BLACKMER. 


•QLACKMER,  HENRY  MYRON,  lawyer, 
•*-*  born  in  Worcester,  Mass.,  July  25,  1869, 
is  the  son  of  Francis  T.  (1840-1884)  and 
Abbie  E.  (daughter  of  W.  P.  and  Ann  Daniels) 
Blackmer.  His  ancestors  came  to  this 
country  in  the  early  days  of  the  colonial  per- 
iod. He  is  descended  from  Daniel  Wilmont, 
1643;  James  Robinson,  1620;  and  Aaron 
Stark. 

After  a  high-school  education  in  his  na- 
tive city,  he  entered  upon  the  study  of  the 
law,  the  profession  followed  by  his  father, 
and  began  the  nractice  of  the  same  in  Colo- 
rado Springs,  Colorado,  in  1890.  His  legal 
ability  was  quickly  recognized,  and  he  became 
District  Attorney  for  El  Paso  county,  1893-6. 


Since  1904  he  has  been  president  of  the  Crip- 
ple Creek  Central  Railway  Company,  and  on 
the  death  of  David  H.  Moffat  (q.  v.)  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  presidency  of  the  International 
Trust  Company  of  Denver.  He  resided  for 
a  time  in  New  York  City  between  1900  and 
1910. 

Mr.  Blackmer  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  and  the  Country  Club,  Denver;  the 
El  Paso  Club  and  Cheyenne  Country  Club, 
Colorado  Springs;  also  the  Union  League, 
Whist,  and  Automobile  Club  of  America, 
City  Lunch  Club,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Blackmer  married  Miss  Lucy  Carter. 
They  have  two  children,  Myron  K  and  Mar- 
garet G. 


-187— 


RODNEY  CURTIS 


-188- 


RODNEY  CURTIS. 


/CURTIS,  RODNEY,  capitalist,  born  in 
Maine,  Broome  county,  New  .  York, 
January  17,  1839,  was  the  son  of  John  (a 
farmer)  and  Bethia  Curtis  Monroe.  His  lin- 
eage is  linked  with  distinguished  families  of 
the  colonial  period.  Mr.  Curtis  is  eighth  in 
descent  from  Major  Simon  Willard  (1605- 
1776),  who  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Con- 
cord, Massachusetts ;  a  deputy  to  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  1636-1654 ;  and  an  assistant,  1654- 
1676.  He  commanded  the  expedition  of  the 
United  Colonials  against  the  Nyantics;  led 
the  heroic  relief  at  the  battle  of  Brookfield, 
and  commanded  a  Middlesex  regiment  of 
Massachusetts  troops  in  King  Philip's  War. 
Abel  Curtis  (1741-1829),  of  Stockbridge, 
Massachusetts,  great-grandfather  of  Rodney 
Curtis,  was  a  private  in  Captain  Job  Wood- 
bridge's  company,  Colonel  John  Brown's 
regiment,  Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts, 
militia,  July  8-26,  1777 ;  was  also  at  Ticonder- 
oga;  served  in  Captain  Ebenezer  Cook's 
company,  same  regiment,  September  22-Octo- 
ber  4,  1777,  and  in  Captain  Ezra  AVhittle- 
sey's  company,  same  regiment,  October  14-18, 
1778.  Mr.  Curtis  is  a  member  of  the  Society 
of  Colonial  Wars  and  the  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution. 

Rodney  Curtis  was  educated  in  the  local 
public  schools,  and  at  Susquehanna  Semi- 
nary, Binghampton,  New  York,  which  was 
supplemented  by  a  business  course  in  Bryant 
&  Stratton's  Commercial  College  in  Chicago. 
In  ]859,  he  went  to  Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  the  grain  tt-ade  for 
about  a  year.  In  the  spring  of  1860,  he, 
with  his  brother,  C.  M.  Curtis,  followed  the 
Pike's  Peak  excitement,  and  came  to  Colo- 
rado. Soon  after  their  arrival  in  the  terri- 
tory they  purchased  a  ranch  near  Denver, 
which  they  continued  to  farm,  he  also  being 
interested  in  the  grocery  and  drug  business 
until  1864.  At  this  time  the  pay  clerk  of  the 
United  States  Mint  in  Denver  was  reoorted 
as  having  absconded  with  about  $37,000,  and 


Rodney    Curtis    was    appointed    to    fill    his 
place. 

Mr.  Curtis  remained  in  the  employment 
of  the  mint  several  years,  being  promoted 
to  higher  and  more  responsible  positions 
during  that  service.  In  1869,  he  was  made 
chief  clerk  at  the  mint,  and,  January  7,  1876, 
he  was  commissioned  melter  and  refiner  by 
President  Grant.  Remaining  with  the  mint 
until  1883,  Mr.  Curtis  resigned  to  give  his 
time  and  attention  to  his  own  affairs,  hav- 
ing in  the  meantime  become  interested  in 
real  estate  and  other  enterprises.  In  1867, 
he,  with  Clarence  J.  Clark,  laid  out  an  addi- 
tion to  the  City  of  Denver,  known  as  Curtis 
and  Clark's  Addition.  In  1874,  he  and  his 
partner  built  at  Numbersl632-1638  Larimer 
street,  one  of  the  most  substantial  business 
blocks  at  that  time  in  the  city.  It  was  sub- 
sequently occupied  by  the  governor  and 
other  state  officials,  and  was  known  as  the 
"Capitol  Building."  Mr.  Curtis  became  one 
of  the  promoters  and  organizers  of  the  Den- 
ver Tramway  Company  in  1885.  During  his 
presidency,  he  devoted  his  principal  time 
and  attention  to  the  interests  of  that  com- 
pany. A  hundred  miles  of  good  road  was 
soon  constructed  and  in  successful  operation, 
which  later  was  extended,  laying  the  founda- 
tion for  the  great  tramway  system  of  the 
present  time.  During  his  connection  with 
the  Tramway,  Mr.  Curtis  was  also  promi- 
nently identified  in  promoting  the  general 
business  interests  of  Denver,  and  his  name 
was  associated  with  many  enterprises  and 
improvements  that  have  materially  aided  in 
making  this  city  the  commercial  center  ot' 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  Since  his  re- 
tirement from  active  management  in  the 
Tramway,  Mr.  Curtis  and  his  family  have 
traveled  extensively,  but  he  still  retains 
Denver  as  his  home. 

Mr.  Curtis  has  three  children,  Mrs. 
Charles  B.  Whitehead,  Mrs.  Wm.  N.  McDear- 
mon,  Mrs.  Wm.  E.  Porter. 


-189— 


ERASTUS  F.  HALLACK 


—190— 


ERASTUS  F.  HALLACK. 


T-TALLACK,  ERASTUS  F.,  lumber  mer- 
•*•  ^  chant  and  manufacturer,  was  born  in 
Bethany,  Genesee  county,  N.  Y.,  May  30, 
1832,  remaining  there  until  21  years  of  age, 
and  receiving  his  education  in  the  local 
schools.  Then  starting  west,  he  located  in 
St.  Charles,  Kane  county,  111.,  where  he  en- 
gaged in  the  carriage  manufacturing  business 
in  company  with  Stephen  March,  continuing 
for  ten  years,  and  in  which  he  was  successful 
and  prosperous.  Removing  to  Highland, 
Doniphan  county,  Kansas,  in  1863,  he  there 
established  himself  in  the  same  business, 
which  he  closed  out  in  1865.  He  then  started 
for  Denver,  in  charge  of  an  ox  train  of  twenty- 
five  wagons,  loaded  with  corn,  each  drawn  by 
three  yoke  of  oxen.  Selling  the  corn  on  com- 
mission, and  returning  to  Kansas,  he  came 
again  to  Denver  in  1866,  with  a  mule  train 
of  corn,  this  time  owning  the  corn,  which  he 
sold  at  a  good  profit.  Soon  after,  he  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business  with  Dr.  J.  H.  Mor- 
rison. The  latter  retiring  in  1868,  Mr.  Hal- 
lack,  with  his  brother  Charles,  formed  a 
partnership  under  the  name  and  title  of  the 
Hallack  Brothers  Lumber  Company. 

In  1877,  Charles  and  J.  H.  Howard  be- 
came members  of  the  firm,  and  the  business 
was  continued  under  the  name  of  Hallack  & 
Howard.  E.  F.  Hallack  retired  from  the 
firm  in  1879,  and  organized  "The  E.  F.  Hal- 
lack  Lumber  &  Manufacturing  Company." 
In  1886  he  purchased  the  land  and  opened  a 
branch  lumber  yard  called  the  Texas  Lumber 
Company  at  40th  and  Franklin  Streets.  The 
E.  F.  Hallack  Lumber  &  Manufacturing  Com- 
pany, in  1890,  erected  a  large  mill  at  23rd 
and  Blake  Streets.  The  year  previous  (1889) 
he  started  the  Hallack  Paint,  Oil  &  Glass 
Company,  which  in  1905  was  sold  to  J.  G. 
McMurtry,  and  is  now  known  as  the  Mc- 
Murtry  Manufacturing  Company. 


In  1891,  The  E.  F.  Hallack  Lumber  & 
Manufacturing  Company  was  consolidated 
with  the  Sayre-Newton  Lumber  Company, 
and  operated  under  the  name  of  the  Hallack- 
Sayre-Newton  Lumber  Company,  until  1898, 
when  the  Hallack  interests  were  sold  to  the 
Sayre-Newton  Lumber  Company.  In  1898, 
the  Texas  Lumber  Company  was  enlarged 
and  the  name  changed  to  the  Hallack  Lum- 
ber &  Supply  Company.  Mr.  Hallack  passed 
away  Dec.  6,  1897,  and  in  his  death,  the  com- 
munity lost  a  valued  citizen,  a  man  of  deep 
sympathies  and  generous  charities.  He  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain Construction  Company,  which  was  later 
merged  into  the  Denver  Union  Water  Com- 
pany. He  was  broad  and  liberal  in  his  views, 
and  the  Unitarian  Church  was  his  special 
interest. 

Mr.  Hallack  married  in  1868,  Miss  Kate 
Gray  of  Bethany,  New  York.  Three  children 
were  born  to  them,  but  only  one,  Minnie 
Gray  Hallack,  now  Mrs.  W.  N.  W.  Blayney, 
grew  to  maturity.  Mrs.  Hallack,  a  descend- 
ant of  a  prominent  colonial  family,  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution and  has  been  Regent  of  the  Colorado 
Chapter  D.  A.  R.  From  the  pioneer  days 
to  the  present,  she  has  been  a  leader  in  the 
social  life  of  the  city.  She  first  came  to  Den- 
ver in  1868.  The  Union  Pacific  was  finished 
only  to  Cheyenne,  and  from  there  to  Denver 
she  made  the  trip  in  a  stage  coach,  with  hos- 
tile Indians  on  all  sides.  The  first  preten- 
tious residence  in  Denver  was  the  old  Hal- 
lack  home  at  19th  and  Lincoln  Streets,  then 
outside  the  town.  It  had  the  first  bay  win- 
dow and  the  first  winding  stairway  in  the 
city.  It  was  then  the  show-place  of  Denver 
with  its  two  fountains  on  the  lawn,  but  is 
best  remembered  by  the  old-time  hospitality 
that  was  here  dispensed,  and  where  were 
wont  to  gather  those  prominent  in  the  early 
life  of  the  city. 


—191- 


CALDWELL  YEAMAN. 


CALDWELL,  lawyer,  born  in 
Elizabethtown,  Hardin  county,  Ken- 
tucky, May  24,  1849,  is  the  son  of  Stephen 
Minor  and  Lucretia  (Helm)  Yeaman.  It  is 
not  a  common  name  in  this  country,  and  all 


the  children  of  this  marriage  was  Samuel 
Courtland  Yeaman,  born  in  1772,  who,  in 
1798,  married  Priscilla  Minor,  a  grand- 
daughter of  General  Otho  Williams  of  the 
army  of  the  American  Revolution,  and  a 


CALDWELL  YEAMAN 


who  bear  it  here  are  at  least  supposed  to  be 
connected  with  the  same  family.  Some  trace 
the  lineage  to  John  Yeaman,  mayor  of  Bris- 
tol, England,  who  lost  his  life  because  of  his 
loyalty  to  Charles  I.  His  great  grand- 
father, Moses  Yeaman,  married  Sarah  Clark, 
niece  of  Abraham  Clark  of  New  Jersey,  who 
was  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence  from  the  latter  state.  Among 


daughter  of  John  Minor,  a  colonel  in  the 
War  of  1812.  Stephen  Minor,  born  1799, 
eldest  child  of  Samuel  Courtland  Yeaman, 
was  the  father  of  Caldwell  Yeaman,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  biographical  sketch.  Stephen,  his 
father,  after  finishing  his  legal  education, 
removed  to  Kentucky,  where  he  became 
prominent  in  the  practice  of  the  law  in  that 
state.  He  married  Lucretia  Helm,  whose 


—192— 


brother,  John  L.  Helm,  was  twice  governor 
of  Kentucky.  The  Yeaman  and  Helm  fami- 
lies, and  their  descendants,  have  been  emi- 
nent as  lawyers,  jurists,  statesmen,  educa- 
tors and  divines,  in  Kentucky  and  other 
states.  Lucretia,  wife  of  Stephen  Minor 
Yeaman,  was  a  granddaughter  of  Thomas 
Helm,  of  Virginia,  who  served  in  the  war  of 
the  American  Revolution,  in  which  he  was 
severely  wounded.  After  his  discharge  from 
the  service,  he  emigrated  to  Kentucky, 
where  he  was  compelled  to  build  a  stockade 
and  fort  to  protect  himself  and  family  from 
the  Indians.  The  children  of  Stephen 
Minor  and  Lucretia  (Helm)  Yeaman,  all  dis- 
tinguished in  their  several  professions,  were  : 
John  Helm  Yeaman,  baptist  minister,  who, 
after  years  of  ill  health,  died  at  the  age  of 
about  forty,  at  Henderson,  Kentucky; 
George  Helm  Yeaman,  author,  lawyer,  states- 
man, and  diplomat,  congressman  two  terms 
from  Kentucky,  resident  minister  to  Den- 
mark, five  years,  where  he  negotiated  the 
first  treaty,  although  it  failed  of  ratification, 
with  that  kingdom  for  the  purchase  of  the 
islands  of  St.  Thomas  and  Santa  Cruz;  Rev- 
erend AV.  Pope  Yeaman,  lawyer  in  his  early 
career,  and  later  an  eminent  Baptist  divine, 
a  leader  of  advanced  religious  thought, 
prominent  educator,  and  especially  distin- 
guished as  an  orator,  died  1904;  Harvey 
Yeaman,  a  brilliant  and  distinguished  law- 
yer from  Kentucky,  who  died  at  Trinidad, 
Colorado,  in  1876 ;  Malcolm  Yeaman,  Hen- 
derson, Kentucky,  for  many  years  a  leading 
lawyer  in  the  southwestern  part  of  that 
state ;  and  Caldwell  Yeaman,  lawyer  and 
jurist,  distinguished  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  also  for  many  years  promi- 
nently identified  with  the  history  of  Colo- 
rado. 

Judge  Caldwell  Yeaman,  after  an  aca- 
demic education,  studied  law  with  his  two 
elder  brothers,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar 
in  1871,  beginning  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Henderson,  Kentucky.  At  the  end 
of  the  year,  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  re- 
maining there  until  1876,  in  the  spring  of 
which  year  he  joined  his  brother,  Harvey, 
who  had  come  west  for  his  health,  and  lo- 
cated at  Trinidad,  Colorado.  There  they 
formed  a  law  partnership,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Yeaman  &  Yeaman,  and  continued 
their  practice  until  his  brother's  death  in 
August,  that  year.  Judge  Yeaman  at  first 
contemplated  returning  to  Kansas  City,  but 
was  induced  to  remain  at  Trinidad,  and  soon 
became  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  the 
state,  a  man  of  affairs,  and  especially  in 
Colorado  politics.  Without  any  solicitation 
on  his  part,  he  was  nominated  in  1878  by 


the  democratic  state  convention  for  attorney 
general,  but  was  defeated  as  the  state  was 
then  overwhelmingly  republican.  In  1882, 
he  was  elected,  by  a  large  majority,  judge  of 
the  Third  Judicial  District,  Colorado,  com- 
prising the  counties  of  Las  Animas,  Pueblo, 
Huerfano  and  Bent,  to  which  the  legislature 
afterward  added  the  counties  of  Fremont 
and  Custer.  He  entered  upon  his  duties  as 
district  judge  in  January,  1883,  serving  the 
full  term  of  six  years,  inaugurating  reforms 
and  making  such  a  splendid  record  for  abil- 
ity and  impartiality,  that  he  was  urged  to 
accept  another  nomination  for  this  office, 
many  republicans  also  pledging  him  their 
support.  Judge  Yeaman  declined  the  re- 
nomination,  Tmt,  in  the  meantime  his  name 
remained  prominent  in  state  politics.  In  the 
fall  of  1888,  he  refused  to  permit  the  use 
of  his  name,  at  the  state  democratic  con- 
vention, for  the  gubernatorial  nomination. 
However,  this  same  convention  offered  him 
the  nomination  for  the  supreme  court,  but 
he  declined  to  run  for  that  office.  Retiring 
from  the  district  bench  he  resumed  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law  in  Trinidad,  in  January,  1889. 

In  1890,  without  solicitation  on  his  part, 
he  was  nominated  by  his  party  for  governor. 
He  made  an  able  and  dignified  canvass  of 
the  state,  in  company  with  Judge  Platt 
Rogers,  the  nominee  for  lieutenant-governor. 
He  was  defeated,  but  greatly  reduced  the 
republican  majorities.  In  January,  1891, 
Judge  Yeaman  received  the  support  of  the 
democrats  of  both  branches  of  the  Colorado 
legislature  for  United  States  senator,  against 
Henry  M.  Teller,  when  the  latter  was  re- 
elected. 

Judge  Yeaman  and  State  Senator  Charles 
C.  Parsons  of  Leadville  formed  a  partner- 
ship in  Denver,  under  the  firm  name  of 
Yeaman  &  Parsons,  in  the  spring  of  1891, 
continuing  until  January,  1894,  when  it  was 
dissolved  by  mutual  consent.  In  January, 
1895,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Frank 
E.  Gove,  now  state  senator,  the  firm  name 
being  Yeaman  &  Gove.  Judge  Yeaman  was 
the  third  president  of  the  Colorado  Bar  Asso- 
ciation, occupying  that  position  from  July, 
1899,  to  July,  1900.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  American  Bar  Association,  the  Denver 
Club,  and  the  Denver  Country  Club. 

In  1879,  Judge  Yeaman  married  Miss 
Adelaide,  daughter  of  Preston  Roberts  of 
Independence,  Missouri.  Mrs.  Yeaman 
comes  from  an  old  and  distinguished  fam- 
ily, and  her  father  was  one  of  the  prominent 
capitalists  of  western  Missouri.  Mrs.  Yea- 
man is  a  lady  of  rare  accomplishments,  and 
one  of  the  leaders  of  Denver  society. 


—193— 


LUCIUS  MONTROSE  CUTHBERT 


—194— 


LUCIUS  MONTROSE  CUTHBERT 


UTHBERT,  LUCIUS  MONTROSE,  law- 
yer,  born  August  17,  1856,  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  was  the  son  of  the 
Rev.  James  Hazzard  (D.  D.)  and  Julia  Eliza- 
beth (Turpin)  Cuthbert.  His  father,  the 
Rev.  James  H.  Cuthbert,  born  in  Beaufort, 
South  Carolina,  in  1830,  died  1894,  was  an 
eminent  divine.  His  mother,  Julia  E.  was 
the  daughter  of  William  H.  and  Marie  An- 
toinette (d'Antignac)  Turpin.  Mr.  Cuth- 
bert is  descended  from  an  illustrious  and 
distinguished  ancestry,  prominent  in  the 
colonial  history  of  this  country.  His  great 
great  grandfather  was  James  Cuthbert,  son 
of  John  Cuthbert,  Baron  of  Castle  Hill,  In- 
vernesshire,  Scotland,  who  came  to  South 
Carolina  in  1737,  and  settled  at  Beaufort  in 
that  state. 

On  the  paternal  side,  Mr.  Cuthbert  is  de- 
scended from  Edward  Middleton,  member  of 
the  Grand  Council  of  the  Province  of  South 
Carolina,  in  1678,  and  Assistant  Judge  of  the 
Province  in  1682 ;  Arthur  Middleton,  Gover- 
nor of  the  Province  of  South  Carolina,  in 
1719  and  1725;  Arthur  Middleton,  grandson 
of  the  latter,  who  was  a  signer  of  the  De- 
claration of  Independence ;  and  Colonel 
Thomas  Fuller,  member  of  the  Provincial 
Congress  from  South  Carolina,  in  1775.  In 
the  maternal  line,  Mr.  Cuthbert 's  great 
grandfather,  Baron  Jean  Louis  B.  C., d'An- 
tignac, an  officer  of  the  First  Musqueteers 
of  H.  M.  the  King  of  France,  came  to  Amer- 
ica in  1776,  to  assist  the  American  forces  in 
the  Revolutionary  War.  He  raised  a  regi- 
ment of  Light  Horse  for  the  Continental 
service,  under  special  permission  of  the  Con- 
tinental Congress,  and  served  throughout 
the  war,  at  his  own  expense,  and  with  great 
distinction. 

In  1869,  Mr.  Cuthbert  entered  the  Pre- 
paratory School  of  Columbian  University, 
Washington,  .District  of  Columbia  (now 
George  Washington  University)  ;  and  was 


graduated  from  the  Academic  Department 
of  the  University  in  1876  with  the  degrees 
of  A.  B.  and  A.  M. ;  and  from  the  Law 
School  of  the  same  University  in  1878,  with 
the  degree  of  LL.  B.  He  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  District  of 
Columbia  in  1878;  to  that  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Colorado  in  1881 ;  and  to  the  bar  of 
.the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  in 
1898.  In  June,  1881,  he  came  to  Colorado, 
locating  in  Denver,  and  became  an  assistant 
in  the  law  office  of  the  late  Edward  0.  Wol- 
cott,  where  he  remained  from  1881  until 
1883.  He  continued  the  practice  of  law  in 
Denver,  uninterruptedly  from  1883  until 
1908,  when  he  retired  from  active  practice. 

In  1908,  he  was  elected  president  of  The 
United  Oil  Company ;  and,  in  1909,  president 
of  The  Inland  Oil  &  Refining  Company;  po- 
sitions which  he  still  holds.  These  two  com- 
panies, with  their  oil  fields  and  refineries,  at 
Florence,  Fremont  County,  and  Boulder 
County,  are  the  largest  oil  industries  in  the 
Rocky  Mountain  region. 

Mr.  Cuthbert  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Bar  Association,  and  was  a  delegate  to 
the  Universal  Congress  of  Lawyers  and  Jur- 
ists, which  was  held  in  St.  Louis  in  1904.  He 
is  also  a  lecturer  on  Roman  law,  in  the  Law 
School  of  the  University  of  Colorado.  He 
is  vice-president  of  the  Colorado  branch  of 
the  Archaeological  Institute  of  America. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver,  University, 
Denver  Athletic,  and  Denver  Country  Clubs, 
Denver;  Cheyenne  Mountain  Country  Club, 
Colorado  Springs;  Union  and  University 
Clubs,  New  York;  and  the  Metropolitan 
Club,  Washington,  District  of  Columbia. 

Mr.  Cuthbert  married,  October  24,  1900, 
Gertrude,  second  daughter  of  the  late 
United  States  Senator,  Nathaniel  P.  Hill 
(q.  v.).  They  have  two  children:  Gertrude, 
born  Denver,  Colorado,  July  25,  1901;  and, 
Alice  Middleton,  born  Denver,  Colorado,  Au- 
gust 25,  1902. 


—195— 


WINDER  ELWELL  GOLDSBOROUGH 


—196— 


WINDER  ELWELL  GOLDSBOROUGH. 


OLDSBOROUGH,  WINDER  ELWELL, 
electrical  engineer,  born  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  October  10,  1871,  is  the  son  of 
Washington  Elwell  and  Martha  Pierce 
(Laird)  Goldsborough,  and  is  descended  from 
an  ancestry  distinguished  in  the  colonial  pe- 
riod. Early  in  1600,  his  American  progen- 
itor, Robert  Goldsborough  of  Goldsborough 
Hall,  Yorkshire,  England,  settled  on  Kent 
Island,  Maryland.  Among  his  more  illustri- 
ous ancestors  were  Geoffrey  Goldsborough, 
Bishop  of  the  Church  of  England  in  1400; 
Joshua  Reynolds,  the  famous  artist ;  Robert 
Goldsborough,  member  of  the  First  Conti- 
nental Congress;  and  Charles  Goldsborough, 
Governor  of  Maryland.  His  father,  Wash- 
ington E.  Goldsborough,  lawyer,  born  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1843,  was  the  son  of  Griffin  Washing- 
ton and  Annie  (Reynolds)  Goldsborough, 
married  Martha  Pierce,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam and  AVilhemena  Elizabeth  Cadwalider 
(Goldsborough)  Laird. 

W.  Elwell  Goldsborough,  their  son,  at- 
tended Wright's  University  School,  Balti- 
more, Maryland,  and  Cornell  University, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1892,  with 
the  degree  of  M.  E.  In  1892-1893,  he  was 
employed  as  an  electrical  engineer,  by  the 
Colliery  Engineer  Company,  Scranton,  Penn- 
sylvania. He  has  risen  rapidly  in  his  profes- 
sion, and  held  many  positions,  requiring  the 
greatest  executive  ability,  and  the  exercise 
of  thorough  technical  training  and  knowl- 
edge. He  was  professor  of  electrical  engi- 
neering, Arkansas  University,  Fayetteville, 
1893-1894 ;  held  the  same  position  at  Purdue 
University,  Indiana,  1893-1904,  and  was  also 
director  of  Electrical  Engineering,  at  the  lat- 
ter university,  1898-1904;  he  was  business 
manager  of  the  engineering  department,  J.  G. 
White  &  Company,  engineers  and  contract- 
ors, New  York  and  London,  1904-1907 ;  first 
vice-president  and  general  manager,  Denver 
Reservoir  Irrigation  Company,  1907-1909; 
general  manager,  Laramie  Water  Company, 
and  president,  The  Goldsborough  Company, 
civil,  mechanical,  electrical,  mining,  hy- 
draulic, and  irrigation  engineers,  1910-1911; 
consulting  engineer,  Edison  Electrical  Illu- 
minating Company,  Baltimore,  Maryland, 


1894-1895;  and  chief,  department  of  elec- 
tricity, St.  Louis  Exposition,  1902-1905.  He 
has  read  papers  before  prominent  scientific 
and  engineering  societies,  and  contributed 
articles  to  the  leading  scientific  and  engineer- 
ing journals. 

Mr.  Goldsborough  is  also  an  inventor, 
with  four  United  States  patents  to  his  credit, 
covering  inventions  relating  to  arc  lamps, 
and  direct  and  alternating  current  motors. 
His  research  investigations  have  included 
arc  lamps,  electrical  machinery,  and  trans- 
formers. He  was  a  member  of  the  jury  of 
awards,  Buffalo  Exposition,  1901 ;  member, 
superior  jury,  International  Jury  Awards, 
St.  Louis  Exposition,  1904.  During  his  ca- 
reer, he  has  been  interested  in  military  mat- 
ters, being  major  of  the  corps  of  cadets,  Cor- 
nell University,  1892 ;  major,  First  Regiment, 
Arkansas  National  Guard,  1893-1894;  and 
commandant  of  cadets,  Arkansas  University, 
1894.  Pie  is  or  has  been  a  member  of  the 
following  societies  and  organizations :  Mem- 
ber and  past  vice-president  of  the  American 
Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers;  member, 
Institution  of  Electrical  Engineers,  England ; 
Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia;  Interna- 
tional Association  Testing  Materials ;  Society 
for  the  Promotion  of  English  Education; 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science ;  Indiana  Academy  of  Science ; 
International  Electrical  Congress  at  Chicago, 
1898,  Paris,  1900,  St.  Louis,  1904,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  latter;  member,  committee 
National  Electrical  Light  Association,  on 
Arc  Light  Photometry;  chairman,  executive 
committee,  Electric  Railway  Test  Commis- 
sion, 1903-1905.  He  has  been  decorated  with 
the  Order  of  the  Crown  (Italy).  He  has 
traveled  extensively,  including'  China. 

Mr.  Goldsborough  is  a  member  of  the  fol- 
lowing clubs:  Denver  Club;  University, 
Transportation  and  Country  Clubs,  Denver; 
and  New  York  Southern  Society. 

He  married,  at  Lafayette,  Indiana,  Decem- 
ber 20,  1899,  Miss  Charlotte  Poole  Wallace, 
and  to  them  have  been  born  two  children: 
Winder  Elwell,  who  died  in  infancy;  and 
Laird  Schields. 


—197— 


FREDERICK  OZNI  VAILLE 


-198— 


FREDERICK  OZNI  VAILLE. 


WAILLE,  FREDERICK  OZNI,  born  in 
*  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  July  28,  1850, 
is  the  son  of  Henry  Robert,  and  Sarah  Wil- 
kinson (Lewis)  Vaille.  He  is  a  descendant  of 
Isaac  Allerton,  who  came  over  in  the  May- 
flower in  1620,  settled  at  Plymouth,  and  was 
deputy  Governor  of  that  Colony.  William 
Lewis,  another  ancestor,  from  London,  landed 
in  1635,  and  in  1640  was  a  resident  of  Boston, 
then  known  as  Roxbury.  In  this  line,  he  is 
descended  from  Barachiah  Lewis,  a  lieutenant 
in  the  early  Indian  wars,  and  David  Lewis, 
a  captain  of  militia  in  1802.  From  the  land- 
ing of  the  Mayflower,  through  the  Colonial 
period,  his  ancestors  were  prominent  in  the 
military  and  official  history  of  New  England. 
His  father,  Henry  R.  Vaille,  born  July  24, 
1809,  died  1885,  a  leading  physician  and  sur- 
geon, was  a  graduate  of  Williams  College 
and  of  the  Berkshire  Medical  College  of 
Pittsfield,  Massachusetts,  and  also  studied  in 
Paris.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
Jason  and  Ruth  (Wilkinson)  Lewis. 

Frederick  O.  Vaille  attended  the  public 
schools  in  Springfield,  Massachusetts,  and 
Williston  Seminary,  graduating  from  the  lat- 
ter in  1870.  He  then  entered  Harvard  Col- 
lege, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1874 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  In  1875,  in  part- 
nership with  Henry  A.  Clark,  he  compiled 
and  published  "The  Harvard  Book,"  a  work 
that  is  well  known,  consisting  of  a  large  im- 
perial quarto  of  two  volumes. 

After  having  been  in  the  employ  of  Ginn 
and  Heath,  publishers,  Boston,  he  came  to 
Denver,  July  20,  1878,  and  in  that  year  in- 
augurated the  telephone  system  in  Colorado. 
Soon  after  his  arrival,  Mr.  Vaille  began  pre- 
liminary preparations  for  opening  a  branch 
exchange  of  the  Bell  telephone.  Some  were 
incredulous,  doubting  the  practical  use  of 
this  invention.  A  few  short  lines  were  con- 
structed to  exhibit  the  instruments  and  ex- 
plain the  system.  Then  followed  the  amus- 
ing feature  of  the  amateur  system  of  tin  cans 
and  other  contrivances  attached  to  strings 
with  which  both  old  and  young  tried  the  ex- 
periment for  themselves.  In  1879,  Henry 
R.  Wolcott  interested  himself  with  Mr. 
Vaille  in  the  enterprise.  Although  many  still 
doubted,  after  obtaining  125  subscribers,  Mr. 
Vaille  launched  his  enterprise,  opening  his 
exchange  over  Conrad  Frick's  Boot  and  Shoe 
Store,  No.  380  Larimer  street,  Feb.  20,  1879. 
The  Western  Union  Telegraph  Co.  about  six 
months  later,  started  a  rival  system,  by  in- 
troducing the  Edison  Telephone  in  Denver, 


with  an  exchange  in  the  old  Broadwell  house, 
corner  of  16th  and  Larimer,  where  the  Tabor 
block  was  later  erected.  The  double  ser- 
vice in  Denver  was  not  popular,  and  in  1880, 
the  Bell  absorbed  the  Edison,  and  the  Western 
Union  retired  from  the  field.  The  Colorado 
Telephone  Co.  the  successor  of  all  the  in- 
terests of  the  system  in  Denver  and  the  state, 
was  organized  Jan.  1,  1881,  with  Henry  R. 
Wolcott,  president,  and  Frederick  O.  Vaille' 
general  manager.  The  new  company  es- 
tablished its  office  in  the  old  Tabor  Block, 
16th  and  Larimer  streets. 

While  in  charge  of  the  Telephone  Co.,  Mr. 
Vaille  also  organized  the  District  Messenger 
service  in  Denver,  and  the  first  Electric  Light 
Co.,  and  was  for  a  year  the  Manager  for  the 
Colorado  Electric  Co.,  constructing  the  ori- 
ginal electric  lighting  plant  for  Denver. 

A  telephone  switchboard  was  invented 
by  him  in  1882,  the  same  being  patent  No. 
262,261. 

Mr.  Vaille  continued  as  manager  for  the 
Telephone  Company  until  March  1,  1884, 
when  he  removed  to  Lexington,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  engaged  in  farming  until  his  re- 
turn to  Denver  in  1893. 

He  is  interested  in  real  estate  and  other 
investments.  He  is  President  of  the  Temple 
Engineering  Co.,  which  developed  the  Tem- 
ple-Ingersoll  Electric  Air  Drill,  named  from 
its  inventor,  Mr.  Robert  Temple.  He  was 
also  Vice-President  of  the  Denver  Sawngs 
Bank  for  a  few  years. 

Not  only  has  Mr.  Vaille  been  prominent 
in  the  promoting  of  important  business  en- 
terprises, but  he  has  found  time  for  athletics. 
He  is  interested  in  tennis  and  still  plays 
(1911)  a  strong  game.  He  devotes  much 
time  to  the  development  of  a  suburban  ranch, 
and  finds  delight  in  camping  and  hunting 
expeditions  to  the  mountains.  He  has  trav- 
eled extensively,  but  is  loyal  to  Denver,  and 
is  one  of  the  sturdy  and  public-spirited 
private  citizens,  upon  whom  the  city's  pro- 
gress and  prosperity  depend. 

He  married  in  1879,  in  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
Miss  Harriett  Agnes  Wolcott,  a  sister  of 
Henry  R.  (q.  v.)  and  the  late  Sen.  Edw.  O. 
Wolcott  (q.  v.)  of  Colorado.  Their  three 
children  are,  Harriett  Wolcott  Vaille,  Mrs. 
Otis  Weeks,  and  Agnes  Wolcott  Vaille. 

Mr.  Vaille  is  a  life  member  of  the  Arch- 
aeological Institute  of  America  and  of  the 
Denver  Athletic  Club;  also  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Country  Club  and  the  University 
Club,  Denver. 


—199— 


JOHN  MILLS  MAXWELL 


—200— 


JOHN  MILLS  MAXWELL. 


MAXWELL,  JOHN  MILLS,  jurist,  born 
March  23,  1849,  in  Mansfield,  Ohio, 
is  the  son  of  George  Milton  and  Martha 
(Mills)  Maxwell.  His  ancestors  were  promi- 
nent in  the  colonial  period,  and  took  an  active 
part  in  the  American  Revolution.  They 
were  also  pioneers  in  Ohio,  moving  from 
Conn,  to  Mansfield,  at  an  early  day.  His 
father,  George  M.  Maxwell,  was  a  Presby- 
terian minister  of  prominence,  an  educator 
of  national  repute,  and,  for  several  years,  was 
president  of  Lane  Theological  Seminary, 
Cincinnati.  His  maternal  grandparents  were 
Col.  John  and  Deborah  (Wilson)  Mills,  his 
grandfather  Mills,  a  business  man  of  Marietta, 
being  one  of  the  founders  of  Marietta  Col- 
lege, from  which  his  son-in-law,  George  M. 
Maxwell,  and  three  of  the  latter's  sons  were 
graduated. 

Judge  Maxwell's  grandmother,  Deborah 
(Wilson)  Mills,  was  the  daughter  of  Martha 
(Spencer)  Wilson;  granddaughter  of  Gen. 
Joseph  Spencer,  a  surgeon  in  .the  American 
Revolution;  and,  great  granddaughter  of 
Maj.  Gen.  Joseph  Spencer,  who  was  ap- 
pointed Brig.  Gen.  in  April,  1775,  by  special 
act  of  Congress,  which  rank  he  held  in  the 
Continental  Army,  until  his  appointment  as 
Major  General  in  1776.  Gen.  Spencer  was 
in  the  siege  of  Boston,  after  which  he  accom- 
panied the  army  to  New  York. 

Judge  John  M.  Maxwell  received  his 
early  education  in  the  public  schools  of  Cin- 
cinnati. At  the  age  of  16,  he  entered  Mar- 


ietta College,  graduating  therefrom  in  1872, 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  and  from  which  in- 
stitution he  also  received  his  Masters  degree. 
He  then  read  law  in  the  offices  of  Stevenson 
and  Maxwell,  in  Cincinnati,  and  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  in  1875.  After  practicing 
his  profession  two  years,  he  came  to  Colorado 
in  1877,  first  locating  in  Boulder  this  state, 
thence  removing  to  Leadville  in  1879.  He 
soon  became  prominent  as  an  attorney,  and 
also  one  of  the  leaders  in  the  Republican 
party.  Temporarily,  he  was  the  private 
secretary  of  Governor  Peabody  in  1902,  and 
was  then  appointed  to  the  Colorado  Court  of 
Appeals  in  1903,  remaining  on  the  bench  of 
that  court  until  1905.  On  the  consolidation 
of  the  Court  of  Appeals  with  the  Colorado 
Supreme  Court,  Judge  Maxwell  became  a 
member  of  the  latter  body  from  1905  until 
1908.  After  his  retirement  from  the  state 
bench,  he  resumed  the  practice  of  the  law. 

Judge  Maxwell  is  a  thirty-third  degree 
Mason ;  is  Past  Grand  Master  of  the  Colorado 
lodge,  and  is  likewise  Past  Grand  Commander 
of  Knights  Templars  in  this  state .  He  is  an 
Elk,  and  holds  membership  in  the  Denver 
and  University  Clubs. 

Judge  Maxwell  married,  July  1,  1880, 
Miss  Emma  C.,  daughter  of  the  Rev.  L.  H. 
Long,  pastor  of  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 
Lebanon,  Ohio.  Mrs.  Maxwell  is  descended 
from  Colonial  ancestry,  and  is  an  active  mem- 
ber of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution. 


—201— 


HON.  WILLIAM  HENRY  JAMES 


—202— 


HON.  WILLIAM  HENRY  JAMES. 


JAMES,  HON.  WILLIAM  HENRY,  min- 
ing and  smelterman,  was  born  in  Wales, 
February  15,  1838,  and  came  to  America 
when  eight  years  of  age.  His  father  came  to 
America  in  1813  and  settled  at  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  His  mother  was  Fannie  Farr  James. 
Mr.  James  was  educated  in  Brooklyn  and 
finally  apprenticed  to  the  trade  of  a  watch- 
maker, which  he  followed  until  1860,  when 
he  joined  the  procession  of  gold  seekers  then 
marching  towards  the  Pike's  Peak  region. 
Gilpin  county  being  the  objective  point  of  all 
immigrants,  he  found  his  way  to  the  town  of 
Nevada,  situated  at  the  very  head  of  the 
series  of  gulches  tributary  to  the  original 
Gregory,  at  the  very  apex  of  quartz  or  lode 
mining,  and  in  course  of  time  became  engaged 
in  the  milling  of  gold  ores,  but  did  not  meet 
the  success  expected.  Removing  his  mill  to 
Empire,  in  Clear  Creek  county,  he  was  still 
less  fortunate  there,  and  at  length  returned 
to  Gilpin,  locating  in  Black  Hawk.  Soon 
after,  the  Terrible  mines,  near  Georgetown, 
came  into  prominence  as  great  producers  of 
rich  silver  ores.  He  was  made  superinten- 
dent of  these  properties,  which  he  directed 
until  their  transfer  to  an  English  company, 
when  he  became  manager  of  the  Burleigh  and 
Baltimore  tunnels  at  Georgetown,  where  the 
first  air  machine  drills  ever  brought  to  Colo- 
rado were  introduced  and  operated.  In  1873, 
he  superintended  the  working  of  the  gold 
placer  mines  at  Fairplay,  in  Park  county. 

In  1875  he  went  to  the  valley  of  the  Ar- 
kansas, and  took  charge  of  the  Printer  Boy 
mine.  In  1876  he  was  elected  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  Convention  from  Lake 
county.  In  this  convention  which  was  en- 
gaged in  the  work  of  framing  an  organic  law 
for  the  new  state  of  Colorado,  Mr.  James  served 


on  the  Committee  on  the  Executive  Depart- 
ment, which  was  the  first  of  the  three  com- 
mittees charged  with  the  drafting  of  the 
articles  on  the  Governmental  Department, 
to  report.  He  served  also  on  the  committees 
of  Mines  and  Mining  and  Counties.  For 
his  able  and  diligent  services  to  the  new 
State  in  this  convention,  he  was  one  of  those 
who  were  deemed  worthy  of  the  honor  of 
special  mention  in  Hall's  History  of  Colo- 
rado. 

After  serving  in  the  Constitutional  Con- 
vention, Mr.  James  returned  to  Lake  County 
and  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  town  of 
Leadville  in  1878,  of  which  the  late  United 
States  Senator  Tabor  was  chosen  mayor;  but 
upon  the  elevation  of  the  town  to  a  city  of  the 
first  class  in  April,  1879,  at  the  election  of 
officers  for  the  new  city,  the  business  men  were 
not  satisfied  with  the  political  nominees  for 
the  office  of  mayor,  and  brought  forward, 
only  two  days  prior  to  the  election,  the 
name  of  the  Hon.  W.  H.  James  for  mayor. 
So  highly  was  he  held  by  the  citizens  that,  al- 
though having  so  short  a  time  to  make  his 
campaign,  he  was  elected  by  a  large  plu- 
rality, the  first  mayor  of  the  City  of  Leadville. 

Mr.  James  associated  himself  with  former 
Governor  Grant  and  Edward  Eddy  in  the 
purchasing  of  ores,  this  firm  being  known  as 
the  greatest  firm  of  ore  buyers  and  dealers 
in  the  products  of  the  mines  about  Leadville 
from  1878-79,  to  the  date  of  the  erection  of 
their  incomparable  plant  in  Denver,  the 
Omaha  and  Grant  Smelter,  of  which  Mr. 
James  was  general  manager  until  the  day  of 
his  death  in  Denver,  January  5,  1893. 

Mr.  James  married  Margaret  A.  (Had- 
dock) James.  They  had  two  children:  Harry 
C.  James  and  Elsie  J.  Lemen. 


—203— 


SPENCER  PENROSE 


-204— 


SPENCER  PENROSE. 


PENROSE,   SPENCER,  mining,   son  of 

*  Richard  Alexander  Fullerton  (M.  D.) 
and  Sarah  Hannah  (Boies)  Penrose,  was 
born  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  Novem- 
ber 2,  1865,  and  is  connected  with  historic 
and  distinguished  families  of  the  colonial 
period  in  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Mas- 
sachusetts. He  is  descended  from  William 
Biddle,  the  founder  of  that  family  in  this 
country,  and  an  associate  of  William  Penn. 
His  great-grandfather,  Clement  Biddle  Pen- 
rose,  was  one  of  the  three  commissioners  for 
the  territory  ceded  to  the  United  States  by 
France.  Charles  Bingham  Penrose,  his  grand- 
father, who  married  Valeria  Fullerton  Bid- 
die,  was  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  for  several  years  a  member  of 
the  state  senate  of  Pennsylvania,  and  also 
its  presiding  officer,  being  a  member  of  that 
body  at  the  time  of  his  death  in  1857.  He 
was  one  of  the  editors  of  Penrose  and  Watts' 
"Reports  of  Cases  in  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Pennsylvania,"  and  from  1841  until  1844, 
was  solicitor  for  the  treasury  of  the  United 
States.  He  was  distinguished  for  brilliancy 
of  intellect  and  elegancy  of  manners.  His 
father,  Richard  Alexander  Penrose,  born  at 
Carlisle,  Pennsylvania,  March  24,  1827,,  died 
1908,  married  Sarah  Hannah  Boies,  was  an 
eminent  physician  and  surgeon.  He  was 
graduated  from  Dickinson  College  in  1846 
(LL.  D.  1872),  and  from  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  in 
1849,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D.  He  was  con- 
sulting surgeon  in  the  Philadelphia  Hospital, 
in  which  he  gave  clinical  lectures  on  the  dis- 
eases of  women  and  children.  In  1863,  he 
became  a  professor  on  the  medical  staff  of 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  and  for 
more  than  a  quarter  of  a  century  was  an 
authority  on  the  diseases  of  women  and 
children  and  noted  for  the  deep  learning  of 
his  lectures  while  a  member  of  the  faculty 
of  that  institution.  He  was  a  member  of 
many  learned  societies,  including  the  Amer- 
ican Gynecological  Society,  of  which  he  was 
one  of  the  organizers,  and  was  also  one  of 
the  founders  of  the  Children's  Hospital  of 
Philadelphia,  the  Gynecian  Hospital,  and  the 
Hospital  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
On  the  maternal  side,  he  is  descended  from 
the  Thomas  family  of  Maryland,  and  also 
that  of  the  Boies  of  Massachusetts,  one  of 
whom  assisted  in  building  the  breastworks 


on  Bunker  Hill,  the  night  before  that  his- 
toric battle. 

The  children  of  Richard  Alexander  Ful- 
lerton and  Sarah  Hannah  (Boies)  Penrose 
have  been  prominent  in  several  spheres  of 
life.  One  son,  Boies  Penrose,  is  United 
States  Senator  from  Pennsylvania ;  another, 
Charles  B.  Penrose,  is  an  eminent  physician 
in  Philadelphia  ;  another,  Richard  Alexander 
Fullerton  Penrose,  mining  engineer  and  one 
of  the  most  skilled  and  learned  men  con- 
nected with  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey,  and  still  another,  Spencer  Penrose, 
financier,  mining,  and  a  leading  operator  in 
the  west,  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Mr.  Penrose  received  his  early  education 
at  home,  under  the  care  of  private  tutors, 
and  was  graduated  from  Harvard  College  in 
1886,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  He  married 
in  London,  England,  April  26,  1906,  Mrs. 
Julie  Villiers  (Lewis)  McMillan  of  Detroit. 
For  a  number  of  years,  he  has  been  inter- 
ested in,  and  has  also  promoted  some  of  the 
largest  mining  and  successful  enterprises  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  especially  has  he 
been  known  as  one  of  the  most  prominent 
operators  in  the  Cripple  Creek  mining  dis- 
trict. He  has  also  made  large  investments 
in  banking,  irrigation,  and  land  companies, 
and  stands  today  one  of  the  leading  finan- 
ciers of  Colorado.  Among  many,  he  is  con- 
nected with  the  following  companies: 

He  is  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Utah 
Copper  Company;  secretary  of  the  United 
States  Sugar  and  Land  Company ;  secretary 
of  the  Beaver  Land  and  Irrigation  Company ; 
director  of  the  Ray  Consolidated  Copper 
Company;  Chino  Copper  Company;  First 
National  Bank  of  Colorado  Springs;  Colo- 
rado Title  and  Trust  Company,  Colorado 
Springs;  Cripple  Creek  Central  Railway; 
Beaver,  Penrose  and  Northern  Railroad ; 
Grand  Junction  and  Grand  Valley  Railroad, 
and  International  Trust  Company  of  Denver. 

Mr.  Penrose  resides  in  Colorado  Springs, 
and  in  1903-1904,  was  a  member  of  the  staff 
of  Governor  James  H.  Peabody,  with  the 
ranF  of  colonel.  He  is  a  member  of  the  fol- 
lowing clubs :  Philadelphia,  Union  League, 
Philadelphia  Country,  Racquet  (Philadel- 
phia) ;  University,  Union  League  (New 
York);  Denver,  Denver  Country;  El  Paso, 
Cheyenne  Mountain  Country  (Colorado 
Springs)  ;  Alta  (Salt  Lake  City)  ;  and  the 
Travelers  (Paris,  France). 


—205— 


JAMES  RENWICK  McKINNIE 


—206— 


JAMES  RENWICK  McKINNIE. 


V/T    I^INNIE,  JAMES  RENWICK,  capit- 

J-t'-r^  alist,  mine  operator  and  beet  sugar 
manufacturer,  was  born  in  Harrison  county, 
Ohio,  October  8,  1846,  son  of  Ebenezer  and 
Ruhamali  (Drummond)  McKinnie.  The  year 
after  his  birth  his  father  died  and  the  family 
moved  to  Crawfordsville,  Iowa.  He  received 
his  education  in  the  grammar  and  high 
schools  of  that  place.  The  Civil  War  was 
in  progress  when  he  finished  his  course  and, 
though  still  a  boy  in  his  'teens,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  B,  Ninth  Iowa  Infantry,  serv- 
ing the  last  two  years  of  the  war. 

In  1870  Mr.  McKinnie  came  to  Colorado, 
going  first  to  Durango.  It  was  about  this 
time  that  the  San  Juan  district  was  begin- 
ning to  experience  an  awakening  of  its  re- 
sources. Reports  were  given  to  the  world  of 
fabulous  gold  and  silver  values  in  the  moun- 
tains of  southwestern  Colorado  and  capital- 
ists were  coming  to  recognize  the  possibili- 
ties for  safe  investment  in  the  prospects  of 
the  San  Juan.  Being  among  the  first  on 
the  ground,  Mr.  McKinnie  acquired  valuable 
properties,  which  he  promoted  with  profit  to 
himself  and  his  shareholders. 

In  those  early  years  when,  as  a  young 
man,  he  was  entrusted  with  the  handling  of 
large  sums  of  money,  Mr.  McKinnie  laid  the 
foundations  for  a  business  reputation  based 
on  integrity  and  strict  honor  that  served 
him  well  in  late  years,  when  his  undertakings 
grew  in  magnitude.  When  the  wonderful 
Cripple  Creek  district  was  discovered  Mr. 
McKinnie  was  one  of  the  first  to  visit  that 
section.  After  a  thorough  examination  he 
made  up  his  mind  that  the  country  was  rich 
in  gold  values  and  he  invested  heavily  him- 
self and  advised  his  friends  to  "get  in."  The 
same  good  fortune  that  had  attended  his 
ventures  in  the  San  Juan  attended  him  at 
Cripple  Creek  and  he  added  materially  to 
his  fortunes. 

Mr.  McKinnie  was  one  of  the  first  to  rec- 


ognize the  possibilities  in  beet  sugar  manu- 
facturing. He  and  his  associates  built  fac- 
tories in  various  parts  of  Colorado  and  in 
Kansas,  and  while  increasing  their  own  store 
added  materially  to  the  wealth  of  the  dis- 
tricts surrounding  their  factories.  It  was 
only  natural  that  from  the  manufacture  of 
beet  sugar  he  should  become  interested  in 
agriculture  as  a  science.  Applying  large 
capital  that  has  always  been  at  his  com- 
mand he  promoted  and  carried  to  success- 
ful conclusion  large  irrigation  enterprises 
in  the  Western  States.  But  the  West  has 
not  by  any  means  limited  the  scope  of  his 
activities.  Even  while  directing  the  large 
irrigation  schemes  under  his  control  he  ven- 
tured into  Florida  and  started  the  reclama- 
tion of  thousands  of  rich  acres  in  the  Ever- 
glade swamps  of  the  Southern  peninsula. 
The  lands  thus  drained  are  the  most  product- 
ive in  Florida,  and  the  undertaking  has 
proved  a  wonderful  success. 

Mr.  McKinnie 's  business  activities  are  in- 
dicated in  a  measure  by  the  list  of  offices 
which  he  fills  in  his  various  companies.  He 
is  vice-president  of  the  Exchange  National 
Bank  of  Colorado  Springs,  vice-president  of 
the  Western  Sugar  and  Land  Company, 
president  of  the  Southwestern  Sugar  and 
Land  Company,  president  of  the  Western 
States  Securities  Company,  and  president  of 
the  Grand  Junction  Town  and  Development 
Company,  and  an  officer  and  director  of 
many  other  companies. 

Mr.  McKinnie  married  December  25th, 
1878,  Mary  J.  McNeise.  She  died  January 
13th,  1900.  On  September  20th,  1904,  he 
married  Anna  McCarty.  There  are  seven 
children,  Rue,  Hugh,  James  R.  Jr.,  Robert, 
Richard,  Margaret  and  Mary. 

Mr.  McKinnie  holds  a  membership  in  the 
El  Paso,  Pike 's  Peak,  Town  and  Gown  Clubs 
of  Colorado  Spring  and  the  Denver  Club. 


—207— 


JOHN  JAY  JOSLIN 


—208— 


JOHN  JAY  JOSLIN. 


JOSLIN,  JOHN  JAY,  merchant,  born  at 
Poultney,  Vermont,  May  11,  1829;  is  the 
oldest  surviving  son  of  the  Hon.  Joseph  and 
Caroline  Cortland  (Ruggles)  Joslin,  and  a 
descendent  of  Colonial  and  Revolutionary 
stock.  The  first  progenitor  of  the  family 
in  America  was  Thomas  Joslin,  who  came 
from  England  to  Hingham,  Massachu- 
setts, in  1635.  One  of  his  descendants  was 
Lindsey  Joslin,  the  grandfather  of  this  sketch, 
who  served  as  a  Minute  Man  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  and  was  present  at  the  sur- 
render of  General  Burgoyne  at  Saratoga, 
October  17,  1777. 

J.  Jay  Joslin  received  his  early  education 
at  Poultney,  a  large  part  of  his  tutelage  being 
that  of  practical  training  in  the  ways  of  com- 
merce and  manual  labor.  He  was  a  student 
at  Troy  Conference  Academy  from  1844  to 
1847,  and  exhibited  while  a  boy  those  superior 
intellectual  qualities,  which  foreshadowed  the 
great  success  that  he  has  won  as  a  merahcnt 
in  the  West,  and  the  distinction  which  he  has 
achieved  as  a  public  spirited  citizen  of  Den- 
ver. Accurate  in  all  branches  of  his  study, 
independent  in  thought,  considerate  and 
charitable  to  his  employes,  he  is  one  of  the 
most  honored  of  the  business  men  of  Denver. 

In  1847,  he  began  his  mercantile  career  as 
a  clerk  in  a  store  at  Castleton,  adjoining 
Poultney  and  continued  in  that  capacity 
until  1850,  when  he  was  induced  by  his  father 
to  assume  the  management  of  his  farm,  the 
title  to  the  "old  homestead"  to  be  transferred 
to  him  if  he  would  accept  it  as  his  future 
home.  He  accepted  the  offer  and  although 
successful  in  farming,  his  mercantile  in- 
stincts predominated  and  he  returned  to 
business  life  in  1852,  starting  a  store  of  his 
own  and  soon  built  up  the  largest  mercantile 
business  in  Poultney  and  that  section  of  the 
state.  After  twelve  years  of  success,  Mr 
Joslin  built  one  of  the  largest  stores  in  Ver- 
mont, the  third  story  containing  a  lecture  and 
concert  hall,  this  enterprise  being  a  tribute 
to  his  cultivated  mind,  to  his  elevated  idea  of 
mercantile  life  and  his  desire  for  public  good — 
the  characteristics  which  have  distinctly 
marked  the  man  during  his  thirty-nine  years 
of  business  life  in  Denver. 

After  twenty-one  years  of  business  life 
in  Poultney,  he  sold  out  and  decided  to  locate 
in  the  rising  city  of  Denver.  Coming  here  in 
December,  1872,  he  bought  the  New  York 
Store,  located  at  15th  and  Larimer  streets, 


then  the  center  of  the  city's  trade.  He  con- 
tinued there  with  one  of  the  most  popular 
and  prosperous  dry  goods  stores  in  the  city 
until  1879,  when  he  removed  to  a  commodious 
three-story  block,  on  Lawrence  street,  the 
center  of  trade  beginning  to  go  up  town, 
his  increasing  trade  demanded  more  room,  and 
in  1889,  he  occupied  the  new  and  handsome 
Tritch  Block,  corner  of  Sixteenth  and  Curtis 
streets. 

Mr.  Joslin  also  invested  in  stock  growing 
and  mining  with  success,  but  in  later  years  has 
devoted  all  his  attention  to  his  dry  goods 
business.  He  is  of  literary  and  scholarly 
tastes;  although  not  a  public  speaker,  he  is 
a  ready  and  interesting  writer  and  has  con- 
tributed many  articles  to  the  secular  press  on 
subjects  of  current  events.  He  is  an  ardent 
lover  of  art  and  music  and  was  president  of 
the  Hayden  and  Handel  Society  during  its 
existence,  1874  to  1883,  when  it  merged  into 
the  Choral  Union,  of  which  he  was  president 
until  1886.  In  politics,  Mr.  Joslin  has  always 
been  a  republican,  but  on  account  of  the 
silver  question  in  1896,  he  cast  his  presidential 
vote  for  Wm.  J.  Bryan.  Having  voted  for 
John  C.  Fremont  for  president  in  1855,  he 
still  remains  loyal  to  the  republican  party. 
He  is  prominent  in  social  and  lodge  circles, 
a  Master  Mason,  member  of  the  Gentlemens' 
Driving  and  Riding  Club,  and  of  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  First  Baptist  Church,  although  quite 
liberal  in  his  religious  opinions.  He  was 
chairman  of  the  building  committee  in  the 
construction  of  this,  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
churches  in  the  western  country,  of  which  he 
was  also  the  originator,  and  it  was  through 
his  suggestion  and  influence  that  the  fitting 
of  the  interior  of  the  church  departed  from 
the  usual  flat  floor  to  the  amphitheatre  form. 

In  April,  1851,  Mr.  Joslin  married  Miss 
Mary  E.  Andrus,  daughter  of  Daniel  Andrus 
of  Poultney,  Vermont.  They  have  three 
children:  Hattie  A.  (Mrs.  F.  P.  Allen);  Edna 
(Mrs.  W.  H.  Milburn) ;  and  Frank  A.  Joslin, 
secretary  of  the  Joslin  Dry  Goods  Company, 
of  which  Mr.  J.  Jay  Joslin  is  president.  Mr. 
Joslin's  father  died  at  Poultney,  December 
27,  1881,  and  his  mother  at  the  same  place 
in  1892.  They  were  the  parents  of  five  chil- 
dren. One  of  the  sons  being  Jarvis  (of  the 
firm  of  Joslin  and  Park,  jewelers  of  Denver), 
who  died  in  Denver,  January,  1899. 


—  209— 


HARPER  M.  ORAHOOD 


—210  — 


HARPER  M.  ORAHOOD. 


RAHOOD,  HARPER  M.,  lawyer,  former 
city  attorney  of  Denver,  was  born  at 
Columbus,  Ohio,  June  3,  1841,  son  of  William 
Jackson  and  Ann  Messenger  Orahood.  His 
grandfather  was  Amos  Orahood  of  Union 
county,  Ohio.  Thomas  Orahood,  his  great- 
grandfather, came  to  this  country  from  Glas- 
gow, Scotland,  in  1785,  settling  in  Virginia. 

Mr.  Orahood  received  his  early  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Mount  Vernon,  Ohio, 
and  Earlville,  Illinois.  After  leaving  school 
he  secured  employment  as  a  clerk  in  a  drug 
store  at  Rock  Island,  Illinois.  He  remained 
there  two  years,  but  in  1860  he  responded 
to  the  call  of  the  west  and  joined  an  immi- 
grant train  bound  for  Colorado. 

Mr.  Orahood  responded  to  the  call  for 
volunteers  during  the  Civil  War  and  served 
on  the  frontier  with  the  rank  of  captain. 

Until  1870  he  engaged  in  mercantile 
pursuits  at  Central  City  and  Black  Hawk, 
but  during  these  years  he  was  improving 
his  time  by  constant  association  with  books 
and  men  of  learning  and  experience.  In 
1870  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Alvin  Marsh, 
and  a  year  later  went  to  the  firm  of  Henry 
M.  and  Willard  Teller.  In  1873  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Colorado  bar.  For  some  years 
he  practiced  in  partnership  with  Senator 
Teller  and  his  brother,  Willard.  In  1877, 
former  Senator  Edward  0.  Wolcott,  who 
was  then  district  attorney,  appointed  him 
his  deputy,  and  in  1878  he  succeeded  Mr. 
Wolcott  in  the  office.  Three  years  later  he 
resigned  and  moved  to  Denver,  where  he 
has  since  lived. 


During  the  time  he  lived  in  Gilpin  county, 
Mr.  Orahood  filled  the  office  of  county  clerk 
and  recorder,  city  attorney  and  postmaster 
of  Black  Hawk  and  city  attorney  of  Central 
City. 

In  1901  he  was  elected  city  attorney  of 
Denver  and  served  in  that  capacity  until 
the  city  and  county  were  consolidated  under 
the  Twentieth  Amendment  to  the  State  Con- 
stitution. 

While  he  has  been  ever  devoted  to  his 
profession,  the  practice  of  which  has  en- 
grossed his  time,  Mr.  Orahood  has  served 
the  people  of  Denver  as  school  director  for 
seven  years,  part  of  which  time  he  was  presi- 
dent of  the  board.  He  has  also  been  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Cap- 
itol Managers,  sharing  with  the  other  mem- 
bers the  unique  distinction  of  constructing 
and  managing  the  one  capitol  in  the  country 
in  which  no  taint  of  graft  or  jobbery  has 
ever  entered. 

Mr.  Orahood  is  a  member  of  the  Gilpin 
County  and  the  Colorado  Pioneer  Associ- 
ations. He  is  Past  Grand  Master  of  the 
Masons  and  Past  Grand  Commander  of  the 
Knights  Templar  of  Colorado.  Mr.  Orahood 
is  a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Re- 
public, and  is  a  Past  Department  Com- 
mander. In  1895  he  was  colonel  on  the  staff 
of  Governor  Mclntire. 

Mr.    Orahood   married   at   Black   Hawk, 

October    1,    1863,    Mary    Esther,    daughter 

of  Hiram  E.   and   Teresa  Booker   Hurlbut, 

.  who  came  to  Colorado  from  Lynn  county, 

Missouri,  in  1860.     They  have  five  children. 


-211— 


ELI  MELVILLE  ASHLEY 


—212— 


ELI  MELVILLE  ASHLEY. 


ASHLEY,  ELI  MELVILLE,  was  born  at 
Portsmouth,  Ohio,  May  28,  1833,  and 
died  at  Long  Beach,  California,  November 
12,  1909.  He  was  the  son  of  John  C.  and 
Mary  Ann  (Kirkpatrick)  Ashley,  and  was 
from  an  old  line  of  staunch  and  patriotic 
ancestors  whose  first  predecessor  on  this 
continent  was  Captain  John  Ashley,  a  signer 
of  the  second  Virginia  Charter.  From  colo- 
nial times  down  to  the  present  the  name  of 
Ashley  has  been  closely  associated  with  the 
religious,  social,  financial  and  patriotic  de- 
velopment of  the  states ;  and  in  Denver  and 
Colorado,  his  and  the  succeeding  generation 
of  Ashleys  have  been  identified  with  their 
growth  and  prosperity. 

His  father  and  grandfather  before  him 
were  both  clergymen,  and  in  fact,  through 
all  the  generations  of  Ashleys  has  always 
run  the  religious  strain. 

Mr.  Ashley  was  educated  in  the  schools 
of  Marietta,  Ohio,  but  was  compelled  at  an 
early  age  to  seek  his  own  sustenance  and 
was  thereafter  a  self-educated  and  self- 
dependent  man. 

He  first  engaged  in  business  in  a  sub- 
stantial way  in  1853  with  his  brother,  James 
M.  Ashley,  in  the  wholesale  and  retail  drug 
business  at  Toledo,  Ohio.  In  the  business 
he  was  most  successful,  but  about  1861  he 


decided  to  come  to  Colorado,  and  since  that 
time  his  history  and  success  had  been  part 
and  parcel  of  the  history  and  success  and 
growth  of  Denver  and  Colorado. 

He  was  for  years,  and  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death,  the  president  of  the  "Western 
Chemical  Company  of  Denver,  an  institution 
noted  throughout  the  country  for  its  mag- 
nitude, enterprise  and  progressiveness,  and 
is  in  its  own  class  in  all  the  vast  western 
country.  He  saw  it  develop  from  a  small 
plant  to  an  establishment  of  large  propor- 
tions, employing  hundreds  of  people,  and  in 
a  financial  way  one  of  the  bulwarks  of  the 
City  of  Denver.  This  concern  is  one  of  the 
largest  manufacturers  of  sulphuric,  nitric 
and  muriatic  acids,  blue  vitrol,  etc.,  in  the 
United  States.  It  is  located  in  South  Den- 
ver and  is  one  of  the  large,  well  recognized 
business  concerns  of  the  city. 

Outside  of  Portsmouth  and  Toledo,  Ohio, 
Mr.  Ashley  had  always  resided  in  Denver. 

He  has  been  president  of  the  Manufac- 
turers' Exchange  and  was  the  second  presi- 
dent of  the  Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Mr.  Ashley  married  at  Celina,  Ohio, 
in  1861,  Miss  Susan  E.  Riley,  daughter 
of  Captain  James  W.  Riley. 

There  are  two  children,  Frank  R.,  and 
Ralph  E.  Ashley. 


—213— 


CHANNING  FRANK  MEEK 


—214— 


CHANNING  FRANK  MEEK. 


•X/TEEK,  COLONEL  CHANNING  FRANK, 
•*•  •*•  president  of  the  Colorado  Yule  Marble 
Company,  was  born  at  Mt.  Pleasant,  Iowa, 
September  26,  1855,  being  the  son  of  Aaron 
and  Rhoda  (Gardner)  Meek.  His  earliest 
ancestor  on  American  soil  was  Guy  Meek,  of 
Wales,  who  landed  in  this  country  in  1664, 
and  settled  in  Maryland.  Colonel  Meek's 
father  was  a  physician,  born  in  1814  and  died 
in  1879.  The  Colonel  attended  the  public 
schools  at  Davenport,  Iowa,  until  he  reached 
the  age  of  thirteen,  and  late  in  1875  entered 
the  medical  department  of  Iowa  University, 
but  did  not  graduate  and  was  obliged  to  dis- 
continue his  studies  on  account  of  illness. 

Colonel  Meek's  first  employment  was  as  a 
messenger  boy  for  the  P.  &  A.  Tel.  Co.  of 
Davenport,  Iowa.  From  1878  to  1881,  he 
was  trainmaster  and  chief  despatcher  for  the 
Rock  Island  Railroad  in  Iowa;  from  1882  to 
1886,  he  was  superintendent  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad.  In  1887  and  1888  he  was  general 
manager  of  the  Denver,  Texas  &  Fort  Worth 
Railroad.  During  the  years  of  1889  and  1890, 
he  was  general  manager  of  the  Gulf  Division 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  in  1890- 
1893  was  president  of  the  Colorado  Coal  and 
Iron  Company,  and  with  Mr.  J.  C.  Osgood 
made  the  consolidation  of  the  Colorado  Coal 
&  Iron  Company  with  the  Colorado  Fuel 
Company,  which  brought  to  life  the  Colorado 
Fuel  &  Iron  Company. 

When  he  completed  the  construction  of 
the  Denver,  Texas  and  Fort  Worth  Railroad, 
(now  the  Colorado  and  Southern),  in  1887, 
the  first-class  freight  rate  from  eastern  sea- 
board points  to  Colorado  was  $4.40  per  hun- 
dred pounds.  Before  the  new  line  was  opened 
for  business,  Colonel  Meek  had  made  a  con- 
tract with  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
with  which  his  road  connected  at  Ft.  Worth, 
Texas,  giving  his  line  the  power  to  make  the 
through  rates  from  New  York  to  Colorado; 
and  the  day  the  Denver,  Texas  and  Ft. 
Worth  Road  was  opened  for  handling  freight, 
he  announced  a  cut  of  the  first  class  rate  from 
New  York  to  Denver  to  $2.20  a  hundred,  and 
an  average  reduction  of  35%  on  all  classes  of 
freight. 

This  action  precipitated  a  long  and  bitter 
freight  rate  war,  the  older  and  stronger  lines 
joining  forces  to  prevent  the  permanent 
adoption  of  these  reduced  rates.  The  re- 
sult was,  however,  that  the  rates  put  into 
effect  by  Colonel  Meek  were  adopted  by  all 
other  roads  and  are  still  in  force. 


With  the  removal  of  this  freight  rate  em- 
bargo, Colorado  began  that  remarkable  pro- 
gress in  commercial  and  industrial  develop- 
ment, which  has  distinguished  her  among  the 
states. 

Beside  his  railroad  and  other  experiences 
of  great  importance,  Colonel  Meek's  reputa- 
tion, as  an  organizer  of  large  corporative  in- 
terests is  well  known.  He  organized  the 
Shredded  Wheat  Company  in  1895  and  the 
American  Biograph  Company,  also  in  1895. 
In  1896,  he  purchased  the  street  car  lines  in 
the  City  of  Mexico  and  later  sold  them  at  a 
large  profit  to  Wehrner,  Beit  &  Company  of 
London.  He  had  already  arranged  for  the 
electrification  of  these  lines  the  same  year. 

In  1904  he  purchased  the  great  white 
marble  deposits  in  Gunnison  county,  Colo- 
rado, and  organized  the  Colorado  Yule  Marble 
Company  to  take  over  and  develop  them. 

This  company,  of  which  he  is  president, 
has  opened  the  quarries  and  equipped  them 
for  a  large  and  increasing  production;  has 
built  and  equipped  the  largest  known  single 
marble  mill;  built  a  steam  railroad  from  Red- 
stone to  Marble  and  an  electric  railroad  from 
Marble  to  the  quarries;  has  installed  a  hydro- 
electric power  plant  having  1800  horse  power 
capacity;  and  has  built  the  town  of  Marble, 
which  in  1905,  had  a  population  of  six,  and 
in  1911,  a  population  of  fifteen  hundred. 

It  is  now  generally  admitted  that  these 
quarries  will  become  the  chief  source  of  the 
world's  supply  of  white  marble. 

As  a  commercial  and  industrial  resource 
and  as  a  source  of  true  wealth  to  the  whole 
country,  the  enterprise  will  no  doubt  perma- 
nently rank  as  the  first  of  Colorado's  in- 
dustries. 

In  1885  he  was  appointed  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  by  Governor  Buren  R.  Sherman  of 
Iowa.  He  first  came  to  Colorado  in  1886 
and  has  been  a  resident  of  Davenport  and 
Des  Moines,  Iowa,  of  Marble,  Colorado,  New 
York  and  Virginia. 

Colonel  Meek  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  The  Denver  Athletic  Club,  the  Colorado 
Traffic  Club,  and  organized  in  1885  the  Grant 
Club  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

His  interests  and  ambitions  are  all  cen- 
tered here  in  the  state  of  his  adoption. 

In  1879  Colonel  Meek  married  at  Xenia, 
Ohio,  Fannie  Melbourne,  daughter  of  Wil- 
liam Melbourne  of  that  place. 

They  have  two  children,  Helen  and  Philip. 


—215— 


EDWARD  WYNNE  WILLIAMS 


-216— 


EDWARD  WYNNE  WILLIAMS. 


TWILLIAMS,  EDWARD  WYNNE,  min- 
*^  ing,  born  in  Merionethshire,  Wales, 
July  27,  1847,  was  the  son  of  George  and 
Elinor  Wynne  (Evans)  WTilliams.  His  fam- 
ily before  him  had  all  been  mining  men, 
George  Williams,  his  grandfather,  having 
been  engaged  in  discovering  and  developing 
lead  mines  in  Flintshire,  and  was  prominent 
in  that  industry.  George  Williams,  the 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  follow- 
ing the  family  tradition,  also  engaged  in 
mining,  and  was  the  first  to  discover  gold 
in  North  WTales.  He  followed  gold,  copper 
and  lead  mining,  being  superintendent  of 
various  metallurgical  mines  in  Wales,  and 
was  a  recognized  authority  on  that  industry. 
He  was  born,  1816;  died,  1864;  he  married 
Elinor,  daughter  of  Humphrey  Wynne  and 
Laura  (Lloyd)  Evans.  The  Wynnes  are 
among  the  oldest  Welsh  families,  having  a 
written  and  known  history  extending  back 
to  about  the  year  1200,  with  its  coat  of  arms 
and  family  crest.  The  Wynne  family  were 
well  to  do  and  prosperous,  being  Welsh 
free-hold  farmers. 

Edward  W.  Williams,  their  fourth  son, 
received  a  common  school  education.  Upon 
the  death  of  his  father,  and  while  but  a  lad, 
he  also  engaged  in  mining.  In  1869  he  came 
to  the  United  States,  locating  at  Nevadaville, 
Gilpin  county,  Colorado.  Both  by  experience 
and  family  tradition  he  understood  mining 
as  conducted  in  Wales,  but  wanted  to  learn 
the  American  way,  as  well  as  study  condi- 
tions in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  With 
this  purpose  in  view  he  worked  in  the  mines 
for  about  nine  months,  at  the  same  time  mak- 
ing a  special  study  of  the  geological  forma- 
tion and  minerals  of  Gilpin  county.  Subse- 
quently he  made  an  extensive  study  of  miner- 
alogical  conditions  throughout  the  state,  vis- 
iting all  the  principal  mining  camps  for  that 
purpose.  In  this  practical  manner  was  laid 
the  foundation  for  the  success  that  came  to 
him  in  the  mining  industry. 

During  his  long  career  in  Colorado  he 
has  also  resided  in  Central  City,  Russell 
Gulch  and  Denver.  After  making  a  start 
in  the  mines  at  Nevadaville,  Mr.  Williams 
removed  to  Russell  Gulch,  in  the  same 
county,  where  he  continued  to  follow  mining. 
In  the  spring  of  1879  he  opened  a  general 
supply  store  for  miners  at  Russell  Gulch, 
which  he  conducted  in  conjunction  with  his 
mining  interests  until  1893.  During  this 
period  he  was  also  postmaster  at  Russell 
Gulch.  Later  he  became  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  several  mining  companies, 


in  which  he  was  largely  interested,  and  was 
known  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  mining 
men  in  that  part  of  the  state.  Beginning 
to  mine  on  his  own  account  in  1869,  in  a  few 
years  he  worked  his  way  up  to  the  owner- 
ship and  control  of  valuable  mining  prop- 
erties, his  life  and  success  well  illustrating 
what  may  be  accomplished  by  engaging  in 
mining  as .  a  business,  and  sticking  to  it. 
Among  the  large  mines  owned  by  Mr.  Wil- 
liams were  the  Topeka,  Aduddel,  Champion, 
Specie  Payment,  and  others,  he  having 
owned  in  more  than  twenty  groups  of  valu- 
able mines  in  Gilpin  county.  He  was  county 
commissioner  of  that  county  from  1890  until 
1893. 

With  the  prosperity  that  came  to  him,  he 
began  to  make  investments  and  engage  in 
other  lines  of  business,  becoming  a  director 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Bank  at 
Central  City,  and  president  of  the  Aegis  Life 
Insurance  Company  of  Denver.  He  has  led 
an  intensely  active  business  life,  in  which  he 
has  achieved  well-earned  success.  Depend- 
ent upon  his  own  resources  and  fighting  his 
own  way  in  the  world,  he  is  a  fine  example 
of  the  self-made  man.  Mr.  Williams  is  thor- 
oughly American,  active  in  church  and  char- 
itable work  in  a  quiet  way,  taking  a  deep 
pleasure  in  being  able  to  assist  many  a 
worthy  but  unfortunate  one  in  distress. 

Mr.  Williams  has  traveled  extensively  in 
America  and  Europe,  thus  supplementing  in 
a  broad  way  his  early  education,  adding 
thereto  a  culture  that  could  not  otherwise 
have  been  obtained.  He  is  prominent  in 
Masonic  circles,  being  a  thirty-second  degree 
Mason  and  a  Shriner. 

Mr.  Williams  is  now  (1911)  largely  inter- 
ested in  the  Rollinsville-Perigo  Gold  Mining 
Company,  the  property  of  which  consists  of 
about  thirty-two  hundred  acres  of  placer 
and  lode  mining  claims,  from  which  millions 
of  gold  have  been  produced.  In  addition 
to  this  company's  holdings,  he  is  interested 
in  a  number  of  other  valuable  mining  prop- 
erties in  Gilpin  county.  He  has  also  made 
extensive  real  estate  investments  in  Denver, 
among  which  is  the  Wynne  Hotel,  named 
for  his  mother's  family  in  Wales. 

Mr.  Williams  was  married  three  times, 
his  first  wife  dying  in  1875;  the  second  in 
1903;  his  third  wife  is  still  living.  He  has 
had  two  children,  Edward  Owen,  and  Minnie 
Wynne  WTilliams,  the  latter  dying  when  but 
eight  years  of  age,  the  former  being  asso- 
ciated with  his  father  in  business. 


—217— 


OSCAR  DAVID  CASS,  M.D. 


—218- 


OSCAR  DAVID  CASS,  M.  D. 


f]ASS,  OSCAR  DAVID,  M.  D.,  son  of 
Moses  G.  and  Sophia  (Thurston)  Cass, 
was  born  in  Lyman,  New  Hampshire,  August 
2,  1823,  and  died  in  Denver,  Colorado,  De- 
cember 15,  1894.  He  is  descended  from  an 
English  and  Scotch  ancestry,  with  a  family 
history  reaching  to  the  thirteenth  century. 
His  people  were  also  prominent  in  the  colo- 
nial period  of  this  country,  and  more  espe- 
cially in  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont.  His 
early  education,  received  in  the  common 
schools  of  Vermont,  was  supplemented  by  a 
course  at  Fairfield  Academy,  New  York.  He 
began  the  study  of  medicine  at  Whitesboro, 
the  latter  state,  and  later  was  graduated 
from  the  Vermont  Medical  College  in  Castle- 
ton,  June  18,  1845.  After  practicing  his  pro- 
fession for  a  time,  in  Lewis  county,  New 
York,  he  was  appointed  surgeon  of  a  steam- 
ship plying  between  New  Orleans  and  Pan- 
ama. After  serving  several  trips  as  a  sea 
surgeon,  he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  for  several  years  in  California, 
and  returning  east,  settled  in  Muscatine, 
Iowa.  He  removed  to  Leavenworth,  Kansas, 
in  1859,  and  to  Colorado  in  1860,  arriving 
in  Denver  May  13,  that  year,  and  continuing 
in  the  regular  practice  until  the  following 
November.  In  connection  with  Dr.  Hamilton 
(later  surgeon  of  the  First  Colorado  Volun- 
teers) he  started  a  small  hospital,  which  con- 
tinued for  a  short  time.  Having  obtained  a 
knowledge  of  mining  and  gold  dust  in  Cali- 
fornia, he  opened  a  broker's  office  in  Denver, 
in  the  room  occupied  by  Hinckley's  express 
on  Blake  street.  Joined  by  Joseph  B.  Cass, 


his  brother  from  Leavenworth,  they  con- 
ducted a  profitable  business,  and  erected  a 
building  on  Sixteenth  and  Holladay,  then 
known  as  G  and  McGaa  streets.  They  now 
engaged  in  a  regular  banking  business,  buy- 
ing gold  dust,  which  was  shipped  to  Carney 
&  Stephens,  a  banking  firm  in  Leavenworth, 
where  Joseph  B.  Cass  had  been  cashier.  They 
also  loaned  money,  the  rate  of  interest  in 
those  frontier  days  being  high  and  very  prof- 
itable. Supplemental  to  their  banking  inter- 
ests, they  also  engaged  in  freighting  goods 
across  the  plains.  A  branch  office  was  opened 
by  them  in  Central  City.  The  rapid  advance 
in  the  price  of  gold  during  the  war  was  the 
source  of  great  profit  to  them  in  dealing  in 
gold  dust.  They  were  also  the  agents  of 
Ben  Holladay 's  stage  line,  and  in  1865,  sold 
their  building  and  business  to  the  latter. 
Dr.  Cass  was  one  of  the  builders  of  Denver, 
making  heavy  investments  in  real  estate. 
Forming  a  partnership  with  the  late  Dr.  J. 
W.  Graham,  they  built  the  Cass  &  Graham 
Block,  Sixteenth  and  Curtis  streets.  This 
location  was  acquired  by  Doctor  Cass  in 
1860,  and  is  still  owned  by  the  Cass  family. 
Doctor  Cass  died  December  15,  1894,  one  of 
the  most  highly  respected  and  honored  cit- 
izens of  Denver. 

Doctor  Cass  married  Emogene  M.,  daugh- 
ter of  Phinneas  Babcock  of  Brookfield,  New 
York.  To  Doctor  and  Mrs.  Cass  the  follow- 
ing children  were  born:  Alice  (deceased), 
Myra  May  (now  Mrs.  Louis  F.  Foster  of 
Gardena,  California),  and  Oscar  David,  Jr. 


—219— 


DAVID  WILLIAM  BRUNTON 


—220— 


DAVID  WILLIAM  BRUNTON. 


•DRUNTON,  DAVID  AVILLIAM,  mining 
•*~*  engineer,  born  in  Ayr,  Ontario,  Canada, 
June  11,  1849,  was  the  son  of  James  and 
Agnes  (Dickie)  Brunton.  The  Bruntons  are 
an  old  Scottish  border  family,  most  of  the 
members  of  which  have  gone  either  into 
engineering  or  the  army.  His  father,  James 
Brunton,  born  at  Galashiels,  Scotland,  1819, 
died  in  Mount  Pleasant,  Ontario,  Canada, 
1865.  His  mother,  daughter  of  John  and 
Jane  Dickie,  was  born  at  Kilmarnock,  Scot- 
land, 1824.  Their  son,  David  W.  Brunton, 
is  the  eldest  of  four  children.  He  was  edu- 
cated at  Toronto,  Canada,  and  took  a  post- 
graduate course  in  engineering  and  mining 
at  the  University  of  Michigan.  After  fol- 
lowing his  profession  in  engineering  work 
for  about  three  years  in  the  east,  he  came  to 
Colorado,  June  20,  1875,  and  has  since  made 
this  state  his  home.  His  record  as  a  mining 
and  consulting  engineer,  and  manager,  is 
pre-eminent,  and  he  stands  among  the  very 
first  in  his  profession.  During  his  long  and 
successful  career  he  has  filled  the  following 
positions:  1875,  mining  engineer,  Dakota 
and  San  Juan  Mining  Company;  1876,  min- 
ing engineer,  Clear  Creek  Reduction  Works ; 
1877,  mining  engineer,  Washington  Avenue 
mine,  Netherland,  Coloardo;  1878,  mining 
engineer,  Silver  Peak  Mining  Company, 
Esmerelda  county,  Nevada;  1879,  manager, 
Silver  Peak  Mine,  Esmerelda  county,  Ne- 
vada ;  1880,  manager,  Taylor  &  Brunton  Mill- 
ing Company,  Leadville,  Colorado;  1881- 
1882,  manager,  Wolftone  mine,  and  consult- 
ing engineer,  Robert  E.  Lee  mine ;  1883, 
examining  mines  in  South  America;  1884, 
examining  mines  in  Mexico  and  Montana; 
1885,  examining  mines  in  Mexico,  Central 
America  and  Idaho;  1886-1887-1888,  man- 
ager, Colonel  Sellers  mine,  Leadville,  and 
building  concentrating  mill  for  the  A.  Y. 
and  Minnie  mine  ;  1889-1890,  consulting  engi- 
neer with  the  side-line  mine  owners  at  Aspen, 
Colorado,  and  manager  of  the  Cowenhoven 
Tunnel  at  that  place;  1891-1895,  manager, 
Cowenhoven  Tunnel  and  Delia  S.  Mining 
Company ;  1896-1897,  manager  of  the  Cowen- 
hoven Tunnel,  Delia  S.  and  Free  Silver 
Mines,  Aspen,  Colorado;  1898-1899,  consult- 
ing engineer,  Anaconda  Copper  Mining  Com- 
pany, Butte  Montana;  1900-1905,  consulting 
engineer,  Amalgamated  Copper  Company; 
1906,  consulting  engineer,  Mine  Owners' 


Association,  Cripple  Creek,  Colorado;  1907, 
examining  mines  in  New  Zealand  and  Aus- 
tralia, and  made  trip  around  the  world ; 
1908-1911,  consulting  engineer,  with  offices 
730  Symes  Building,  Denver,  Colorado.  Mr. 
Brunton  was  connected  with  the  Taylor  & 
Brunton  and  Western  Ore  purchasing  com- 
panies. 

He  is  the  inventor  and  patentee  of  numer- 
ous devices  and  machines  for  use  in  mining 
and  metallurgy.  His  specialty  is  economic 
geology,  tunneling  and  ore  valuation.  The 
more  noteworthy  achievements  in  his  career 
were  accomplished  as  manager  of  the  Cowen- 
hoven Tunnel,  and  consulting  engineer  for 
the  Roosevelt  Tunnel  and  the  Laramie  Canal. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  following  societies  and 
clubs :  Institution  of  Civil  Engineers ;  Royal 
Geographical  Society ;  American  Institute  of 
Mining  Engineers,  of  which  he  was  vice- 
president,  1897-1898,  and  president,  1909- 
1910;  American  Society  for  the  Advance- 
ment of  Science  ;  Colorado  Scientific  Society ; 
Denver  Club,  Denver  Country  Club,  and 
Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  is  a  thir- 
ty-second degree,  Scottish  Rite  Mason,  and  a 
Shriner. 

Mr.  Brunton  has  a  world-wide  record  as 
a  mining  engineer  of  high  repute,  and  has 
investigated  mines  in  the  leading  centers  of 
this  industry,  in  this  and  foreign  countries. 
During  his  operations  in  Leadville  as  an 
engineer  and  manager,  the  mining  proper- 
ties with  which  he  was  connected  produced 
many  millions  of  dollars  in  the  precious 
metals.  The  Cowenhoven  Tunnel  at  Aspen, 
carried  on  under  his  management,  was  a 
work  of  great  magnitude,  skilfully  con- 
structed, being  two  and  one  fourth  miles  in 
length,  with  a  double  track.  He  has  pro- 
moted and  successfully  conducted  and  com- 
pleted vast  enterprises. 

Mr.  Brunton  married,  at  Kingston,  New 
York,  February  11,  1885,  Miss  Katharine 
Kemble,  of  that  city.  Mrs.  Brunton  is  a 
lady  of  graceful  accomplishments,  and  is 
descended  from  a  distinguished  colonial  an- 
cestry, one  of  whom  was  Colonel  Johannis 
Snyder,  one  of  the  patriots  of  the  American 
Revolution.  Through  his  service,  she  is  a 
member  of  the  Daughters  of  the  American 
Revolution.  They  have  four  children,  Fred- 
erick K.,  John  D.,  Harold  J.  and  Marion. 


—221— 


JOHN  SIDNEY  BROWN. 


•DROWN,  JOHN  SIDNEY,  merchant,  son 
•^  of  Reuben  and  Betsey  Horton  (Hill) 
Brown,  was  born  June  10,  1833,  in  Conneaut, 
Ashtabula  county,  Ohio.  His  ancestors 
were  prominent  in  the  early  history  of  the 
American  colonies,  emigrating  from  England 
during  the  first  part  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury. His  father  was  born  at  Strafford,  Ver- 
mont, and  his  mother  was  a  daughter  of 


of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Michigan.  She  died 
in  Denver  in  1889,  at  the  age  of  eighty-seven. 
Henry  Brown,  who  came  from  England 
about  1639,  and  settled  in  Salisbury,  Massa- 
chusetts, was  his  American  ancestor.  His 
descendant  in  the  fifth  generation,  Moses 
Brown  (1750-1832),  the  grandfather  of  J. 
Sidney  Brown,  was  a  soldier  in  the  American 
Revolution.  In  the  maternal  line,  Mr. 


JOHN  SIDNEY  BROWN 


John  and  Laura  (Bushnell)  Hill,  and  was 
born  at  Starksboro,  Vermont.  She  was  a 
sister  of  Adjutant  General  Charles  W.  Hill 
of  Ohio,  who  aided  largely  in  raising  and 
pushing  to  the  front  the  quota  of  that  state 
in  the  civil  war.  She  was  also  a  cousin  of 
the  Reverend  Horace  Bushnell  of  Hartford, 
Connecticut,  for  whom  the  famous  Bushnell 
Park  was  named,  and  Judge  James  Campbell 


Brown  is  descended  from  General  Robert 
Sedgwick,  born  in  England,  in  1600,  who  in 
1636  became  a  resident  of  Charleston,  Massa- 
chusetts. In  1643,  General  Sedgewick,  to- 
gether with  the  younger  Winthrop,  estab- 
lished the  first  iron  works  in  America.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  Ancient  and  Honorable 
Artillery  Company  of  London  and  on  coming 
to  the  colonies  organized  the  Ancient  and 


—222— 


Honorable  Artillery  Company  of  Boston,  be- 
ing made  its  captain  in  1640.  He  died  in 
Jamaica,  May  24,  1656.  General  Sedgewick 
was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of 
his  time. 

To  Reuben  and  Betsey  Horton  (Hill) 
Brown  were  born  the  following  children : 
Junius  Flagg  Brown  (q.  v.),  who  died  in 
Denver;  Mrs.  Adelia  Dayfoot,  who  died  in 
Canada;  Mrs.  Hannah  Gillette,  who  died  in 
Denver;  John  Sidney  Brown  of  Denver,  and 
Charles  H.  Brown,  who  died  in  Denver. 
John  Sidney  Brown  received  a  liberal  edu- 
cation and  in  1858  joined  his  brother,  Junius 
F.,  at  Atchison,  Kansas,  where  he  was  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  lumber.  In 
1861,  owing  to  the  civil  war  and  the  reduced 
demand  for  lumber,  their  idle  teams  were 
used  for  freighting  to  Denver.  J.  Sidney 
Brown  made  two  trips  to  Denver  in  that 
year  with  ox  trains,  and  came  in  1862  with 
a  mule  train,  and  remained  in  Denver  and 
established  himself  in  the  grocery  business. 
In  1864,  one  of  their  mule  trains  was  at- 
tacked by  Indians  and  destroyed. 

In  1862,  Mr.  Brown  formed  a  partnership 
with  A.  B.  Daniels  in  the  grocery  business, 
on  Blake  street,  near  Fifteenth.  Their  entire 
stock  was  lost  in  the  great  Denver  fire  of 
1863,  and  they  had  no  insurance  and  saved 
no  goods.  But,  starting  over  again,  the  busi- 
ness with  Daniels  was  continued  until  1868 
and  was  quite  prosperous,  when  Mr.  Daniels 
retired.  The  business  was  continued  under 
the  name  of  J.  S.  Brown  until  1870,  when 
Mr.  Brown  formed  a  partnership  with  his 
brother,  Junius  F.  Brown,  under  the  firm 
name  of  J.  S.  Brown  &  Brother,  and  it  soon 
became  the  leading  grocery  house  of  the 
west.  In  1893  the  firm  was  incorporated 
under  the  name  of  The  J.  S.  Brown  &  Bro- 
ther Mercantile  Company,  of  which  J.  S. 
Brown  was  president  and  Junius  F.  Brown, 
vice-president.  Mr.  Brown  is  now  also  vice- 
president  of  the  Colorado  Milling  and  Ele- 
vator Company.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
banking  firm  of  Daniels,  Brown  &  Company 
of  Del  Norte,  Colorado,  commonly  known  as 
the  bank  of  San  Juan.  He  was  also  inter- 
ested in  founding  banks  at  Alamosa  and 
Durango.  Mr.  Brown  was  an  original  stock- 
holder of  the  Denver  Pacific  and  the  Denver 
and  South  Park,  and  the  Denver  and  New 
Orleans  Railway  Companies,  and  was  trustee 
for  the  stock  of  the  Denver,  South  Park  and 
Pacific  road,  and  upon  its  sale,  distributed 
$2,300,000  to  its  stockholders.  He  was  also 
one  of  the  original  promoters  of  the  Denver 
Tramway  System.  Mr.  Brown  assisted  in 
organizing  the  City  National  Bank  of  Den- 


ver, of  which  he  was  president  for  several 
years.  He  was  an  early  stockholder  and 
director  in  the  Telephone  Company,  also  an 
original  stockholder  in  the  Denver,  Utah  and 
Pacific  Railroad,  now  owned  by  the  Burling- 
ton, and  an  original  stockholder  in  the  Den- 
ver Steam  Heating  Plant.  After  having 
been  engaged  in  business  as  partners  for 
about  forty  years,  on  the  most  intimate  and 
friendly  terms,  Junius  F.  Brown  withdrew 
from  the  firm  in  1900,  J.  Sidney  still  con- 
tinuing at  the  head  of  the  old  establish- 
ment, of  which  he  has  been  president  since 
its  organization.  It  is  now  owned  exclusively 
by  J.  Sidney  Brown  and  his  sons.  Mr. 
Brown  has  been  continuously  in  the  same 
line  of  business  longer  than  any  other  man 
in  Denver.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Colo- 
rado Commandery  of  Knights  Templar. 

Mr.  Brown  married  in  Denver,  in  1868, 
Miss  Irene  Sopris,  born  in  Indiana,  daughter 
of  Captain  Richard  Sopris  and  Elizabeth 
(Allen)  Sopris,  the  latter  of  whom  is  still 
living  in  Denver,  at  the  age  of  ninety-six 
years.  Her  family  were  leading  pioneers 
in  the  history  of  the  territory,  and  in  the 
early  days  was  one  of  the  social  leaders  of 
Denver.  She  died  in  1881,  and  left  surviving 
her  five  chidlren:  Frederick  S.,  now  vice- 
president  and  general  manager  of  The  J.  S. 
Brown  &  Brother  Mercantile  Company ;  Eliz- 
abeth (Mrs.  A.  B.  Inglis)  of  Paterson,  New 
Jersey ;  Edward  N. ;  Katherine  (Mrs.  N.  A. 
Johansen)  of  Seattle,  Washington ;  and  "Wil- 
liam K.  Brown,  Yale  S.  S.  1900,  secretary  of 
the  Brown  corporation. 

Mr.  Brown  married,  second,  Miss  Adele 
Overton,  born  in  Wisconsin,  a  daughter  of 
John  Overton  and  Lucina  Otto  Overton. 
Mrs.  Brown  was  graduated  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Wisconsin  in  1871,  with  the  degree  of 
B.  S.,  coming  the  same  year  to  Denver,  where 
she  became  asssistant  principal  of  the  high 
school.  She  is  a  descendant  of  prominent 
colonial  families  and  is  a  cousin  of  Senator 
Henry  M.  Teller  (q.  v.)  and  the  late  Senator 
Jerome  B.  Chaff ee  (q.  v.)  of  Colorado.  She 
is  prominent  in  the  social  and  patriotic  life 
of  Denver  and  is  a  Daughter  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, the  Association  of  Collegiate  Alumni, 
and  the  Denver  Fortnightly  Club.  To  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Brown  have  been  born  the  follow- 
ing children:  John  Sidney,  Jr.,  Yale  1905, 
treasurer  of  The  J.  S.  Brown  &  Brother  Mer- 
cantile Company;  Ben  Overton,  Yale  1906, 
(deceased);  Carroll  Teller,  Yale  1909,  con 
nected  with  the  corporation;  Sedgewick 
Bushnell  (deceased)  ;  Alice  (Mrs.  Samuel 
Martin)  of  Seattle,  Washington,  and  Irene 
L.  Brown. 


—223— 


HORACE  WILSON  BENNETT 


—224— 


HORACE  WILSON  BENNETT. 


•DENNETT,  HORACE  WILSON,  capital- 
-*^  1st,  son  of  Horace  Alderman  (1841-1863) 
and  Sarah  (Wilson)  Bennett,  was  born  in 
Hamburg,  Livingston  county,  Mich.,  Sept. 
4,  1862.  On  his  father's  side  his  ancestors 
came  from  a  fine  old  family  of  Middlesex, 
England,  to  Livingston  county,  New  York, 
in  1768.  His  grandfather  settled  and  named 
Livingston  county,  Mich.,  and  was  its  first 
sheriff.  Some  of  his  relatives  were  members 
of  congress.  In  the  maternal  line,  he  is  de- 
scended from  colonial  stock,  who  settled  in 
Connecticut  and  whose  descendants  removed 
to  Indiana. 

Horace  W.  Bennett  was  educated  in  the 
high  school  at  Brighton,  Mich.  He  first  en- 
gaged in  business  at  the  age  of  18,  with  New- 
ton, Bennett  &  Co.,  Detroit,  Mich.,  furnish- 
ing railway  supplies  to  the  Pere  Marquette 
and  the  Michigan  Central  railroads.  About 
a  year  later,  selling  his  interest,  he  removed  to 
Corona,  that  state,  continuing  in  the  mercan- 
tile supply  business,  forming  a  partnership 
under  the  firm  name  of  A.  A.  Bennett  &  Co. 
Again  disposing  of  his  interest  at  a  good 
profit,  he  established  a  large  mercantile  sup- 
ply house  under  the  name  and  title  of  H.  W. 
Bennett  &  Co.,  at  Milford,  Mich.  Closing  out 
his  interests  there  in  1882,  Mr.  Bennett  started 
west.  Arriving  in  Denver  in  1883,  he  engaged 
in  the  real  estate  business,  opening  an  office 
in  the  Duff  Block.  During  a  period  of  two 
years,  he  also  conducted  a  boot  and  shoe 
store  on  Sixteenth  street,  later  trading  the 
same  for  real  estate.  Then,  in  connection 
with  J.  A.  Fisher,  he  operated  in  real  estate 
and  loans. 

In  1884,  Mr.  Bennett  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  J.  A.  Myers,  under  the  firm  name 
of  Bennett  &  Myers,  continuing  to  the  pres- 
ent, which  has  become  the  leading  real  estate 
firm  of  Denver,  with  large  investments  in 
other  and  profitable  enterprises.  They  now 
conduct  a  real  estate  and  investment  broker- 
age business,  controlling  not  only  vast  in- 
terests in  Denver,  but  throughout  the  west. 
They  made  heavy  investments  on  Fifteenth, 
Sixteenth  and  Seventeenth  streets.  With 
Charles  Boettcher  and  Henry  M.  Porter,  they 
invested  heavily  on  Fifteenth  street,  developed 
and  greatly  enhanced  the  values  thereon,  in- 
corporated The  Fifteenth  Street  Investment 
Company  which  now  owns  the  Gas  &  Elec- 
tric Building,  the  Commonwealth  Building, 
the  Kittredge  Building,  the  Quincy  Building, 
the  Iron  Building,  the  Union  Pacific  Block, 


the  Chicago  Block  and  other  large  interests. 

Among  the  larger  holdings  of  Bennett  & 
Myers,  is  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Tabor 
Grand  Opera  House,  built  by  the  late  Sen- 
ator Tabor;  the  Majestic  Building,  the  Wind- 
sor Hotel,  the  Victor  Hotel,  the  Belvedere, 
and  a  large  number  of  smaller  office  buildings. 
They  also,  in  connection  with  Mr.  Jerome  S. 
Riche,  Mr.  Bennett's  father-in-law,  own  the 
Empire  Building,  and  Mr.  Bennett  and  Mr. 
Riche  own  the  St.  Francis  Hotel,  a  half  in- 
terest in  the  Ernest  &  Cranmer  Block,  and 
have  recently  purchased  "Wolhurst"  for  a 
country  home,  the  former  residence  of  the 
late  Senator  E.  0.  Wolcott,  and  still  later 
owned  by  the  late  Thomas  F.  Walsh.  Mr. 
Bennett  also  owns  a  handsome  city  residence 
at  1212  Grant  street. 

Bennett  &  Myers  and  their  associates 
have  been  especially  active  in  the  develop- 
ment of  Fifteenth  street.  Through  their  in- 
fluence, an  adjustment  and  settlement  was 
made,  whereby  the  Denver  Dry  Goods  Com- 
pany obtained  contiguous  lots  and  extended 
their  building  from  Sixteenth  to  Fifteenth 
street.  They  raised  a  bonus  of  $20,000  for 
the  site  that  secured  the  location  of  the  Audi- 
torium on  Fourteenth  street,  and  in  many 
other  ways,  they  have  been  especially  ener- 
getic in  promoting  the  business  interests  of 
the  city. 

Bennett  &  Myers  were  prominent  in  the 
founding  and  development  of  Cripple  Creek 
and  the  mining  region  immediately  surround- 
ing that  great  gold  camp.  The  site  now  oc- 
cupied by  the  town  of  Cripple  Creek  was  first 
claimed  as  a  homestead  by  William  V.  Wo- 
mack  of  Kentucky,  in  1876,  who  sold  it  to  the 
Pikes  Peak  Cattle  &  Land  Company  in  1884, 
which  in  turn  disposed  of  their  interests  to 
Bennett  &  Myers  in  1885.  The  Pikes  Peak 
Cattle  &  Land  Company  owning  the  land  that 
now  comprises  the  Cripple  Creek  District, 
was  capitalized  for  $150,000,  and  placed 
thereon  about  500  head  of  cattle  and  horses. 
Hence,  the  Cripple  Creek  region  is  now  his- 
torically considered  as  an  old  "Cow  Pasture." 
Thompson  &  Anderson,  who  organized  this 
company,  sold  an  half  interest  to  Philip  Ells- 
worth, a  wealthy  glove  manufacturer  of 
Gloversville,  New  York.  In  the  spring  of 
1885,  Mr.  Ellsworth  came  west  to  look  over 
his  investments.  Many  of  the  cattle  and 
horses  had  perished  owing  to  the  severity  of 
the  winter.  Mr.  Ellsworth  was  dissatis- 
fied and  contemplated  bringing  suit.  To 


-225— 


avoid  litigation  a  compromise  was  affected, 
Mr.  Ellsworth  inducing  the  others  to  turn 
over  to  him  their  holdings,  and  he,  then,  at- 
tempted to  dispose  of  his  entire  interest  to 
Bennett  &  Myers,  the  latter  at  first  refusing 
to  consider  or  investigate  the  matter.  They 
finally  accompanied  him  as  his  guests  to  look 
over  the  property.  Starting  from  Colorado 
Springs  in  June  they  passed  through  North 
Cheyenne  Canon,  and  coming  to  the  foot  of 
Mt.  Pisgah,  found  themselves  in  a  beautiful 
valley.  About  300  head  of  stock  had  sur- 
vived the  winter  and  were  now  grazing  knee 
deep  in  the  heavy  grass.  The  property  con- 
sisted of  about  50,000  acres  of  government 
land  enclosed  with  a  stake  and  rider  fence, 
of  which  the  company  had  title  to  about  700 
acres  which  secured  hay  and  water  rights 
along  the  creek.  After  inspecting  the  land, 
Bennett  &  Myers  paid  $7,500.00  for  the  same 
and  the  small  herd  that  remained,  and  soon 
developed  it  into  a  large  and  paying  cattle 
ranch.  Within  three  or  four  months,  Albert 
Pottinger,  of  Colorado  Springs,  offered  them 
$16,000  for  the  ranch,  without  the  cattle,  but 
they  refused.  Later  came  the  rich  discover- 
ies of  gold.  George  W.  Carr,  their  ranch 
foreman,  having  sent  them  reliable  infor- 
mation of  the  finding  of  gold,  in  October  of 
that  year,  Bennett  &  Myers  platted  80  acres 
of  a  townsite  named  Fremont,  now  a  part  of 
the  town  of  Cripple  Creek.  In  February, 
1892,  they  platted  an  addition  to  Fremont 
and  200  lots  were  sold  the  first  day.  Some 
of  these  lots,  selling  for  $25,  afterwards  brought 
$8,000.  Parts  of  the  original  ranch,  pur- 
chased from  the  cattle  company  by  this  firm, 


included  many  separate  tracts,  one  of  which 
was  supposed  to  be  situated  along  the  creek, 
was  later  discovered  to  include  Beacon  Hill. 
The  Mabel  M.  and  the  Gold  Dollar  mining 
companies  were  then  organized.  At  one 
time,  J.  R.  McKinnie  of  Colorado  Springs, 
held  a  $500,000  option  on  their  Cripple  Creek 
interests,  but  failed  to  carry  out  the  contract 
for  the  purchase.  For  a  time  there  was  great 
rivalry  between  Fremont  and  the  town  of 
Hayden  Placer,  the  latter  laid  out  by  Colo- 
rado Springs  people.  The  first  National- 
Bank  was  removed  from  Fremont  to  Hayden 
Placer,  and  the  stage  lines  gave  the  latter  the 
preference  as  a  stopping  place.  Bennett  & 
Myers  ordered  Concord  coaches  and  threaten- 
ed a  rival  line,  which  brought  the  stage  com- 
pany to  terms.  In  connection  with  D.  H. 
Moffat,  William  Barth  and  C.  G.  Hathaway, 
they  organized  the  Bi-Metallic  Bank  at  Fre- 
mont, and  the  latter  place  became  the  prom- 
inent point,  and  later  Cripple  Creek.  All  the 
business  and  the  better  part  of  the  resident 
section  of  Cripple  Creek  is  on  land  formerly 
owned  by  Bennett  &  Myers.  Bennett  Ave- 
nue of  that  town  is  named  for  Mr.  Bennett. 
In  1896-7  they  sold  their  Beacon  Hill  hold- 
ings for  over  a  million  dollars. 

Mr.  Bennett  is  a  member  of  The  Denver 
Athletic  Club,  The  Denver  Country  Club, 
and  The  Overland  Country  Club.  Two 
children  were  born  of  his  first  marriage,  his 
wife  dying  in  1893.  He  married,  second, 
Miss  Julie,  daughter  of  Jerome  S.  Riche 
of  Denver,  in  1897.  They  have  three  chil- 
dren. 


—226— 


JOHN  CLEVELAND  OSGOOD. 


QSGOOD,  JOHN  CLEVELAND  (retired), 
^^  born  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  March  6, 
1851,  was  the  son  of  Samuel  AVarburton 
and  Mary  Hill  (Cleveland)  Osgood,  and  is 
descended  from  prominent  families  of  the 
colonial  period.  His  Osgood  ancestors  came 
from  England  in  1630  and  founded  the  town 
of  Andover,  Massachusetts.  His  Cleveland 
ancestors  came  to  Massachusetts  from  Eng- 
land about  the  same  time  and  later  settled 
the  towns  of  Salisbury  and  Thompson,  Con- 
necticut, on  lands  purchased  from  the  In- 
dians. His  ancestors  furnished  many  soldiers 
to  the  Continental  army  during  the  war  with 
England,  his  great-grandfather,  Daniel 
Lamed,  being  a  brigadier  general.  His 
great-grandfather,  Samuel  Osgood,  filled 
many  public  offices,  being  one  of  the  three 
Commissioners  of  the  Treasury,  during  the 
Revolutionary  period,  and  later  was  Post- 
master General  in  Washington's  Cabinet, 
being  the  first  to  fill  that  office.  His  great- 
uncle,  General  Moses  Cleveland,  founded  the 
City  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  which  was  named 
for  him. 

He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools 
in  Davenport,  Iowa,  and  Brooklyn,  New 
York,  and  the  Friends  Boarding  School, 
Providence,  Rhode  Island,  1858-1864. 

His  first  employment,  after  leaving  school, 
when  fourteen  years  of  age,  was  as  office 
boy  in  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  in  the  office 
of  Henry  Lippitt  &  Company,  cotton  and 
woolen  manufacturers;  from  1866  to  1870, 
he  was  employed  as  bookkeeper  by  William 
H.  Ladd  &  Company,  commission  merchants 
on  the  Produce  Exchange  in  New  York 
City;  from  1870  to  1874,  he  was  employed 
as  cashier  of  the  Union  Coal  &  Mining  Com- 
pany at  Ottumwa,  Iowa,  and  from  1874  to 
1877,  was  cashier  of  the  Frst  National  Bank 
of  Burlington,  Iowa.  In  1876,  while  still 


in  the  bank,  he  also  became  interested 
in  the  coal  mining  in  Iowa,  to  which 
business  he  devoted  himself  after  leaving 
the  bank.  In  February,  1882,  Mr.  Osgood 
made  his  first  visit  to  Colorado,  where  he 
spent  several  months  in  examination  of  the 
coal  resources  of  the  state,  visiting  every 
mine  opened  at  that  time.  As  a  result  of 
his  investigations,  he  determined  to  locate  in 
Colorado,  and  organized  the  Colorado  Fuel 
Company  which,  in  1892,  acquired  the  Colo- 
rado Coal  and  Iron  Company  (which  had 
been  organized  in  1880  by  General  W.  J. 
Palmer  and  others),  the  consolidated  cor- 
poration being  called  the  Colorado  Fuel  and 
Iron  Company,  of  which  he  became  president, 
and  later  chairman  of  the  Board  of  Direct- 
ors. In  1903,  Mr.  Osgood  disposed  of  his 
interest  in  this  company,  and  resigned  as 
officer  and  director.  During  his  connection 
with  the  Colorado  Fuel  Company  and  the 
Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company.  Mr. 
Osgood  secured  the  investment  of  over  forty 
million  dollars  in  the  coal  and  iron  busi- 
ness in  Colorado,  and  employed  at  one  time 
over  16,000  men. 

Mr.  Osgood 's  principal  lieutenants  were 
J.  A.  Kebler,  A.  C.  Cass,  John  L.  Jerome, 
and  D.  C.  Beaman  and  among  others  associ- 
ated with  him  in  his  enterprises,  were  Henry 
R.  Wolcott,  Edward  0.  Wolcott,  Dennis  Sul- 
livan, James  B.  Grant,  W.  H.  James  and  C. 
H.  Toll. 

Mr.  Osgood  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club  and  Denver  Country  Club,  the  Metro- 
politan Club,  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  of  sev- 
eral clubs  in  New  York  City. 

Mr.  Osgood 's  residence  is  "Cleveholm," 
Redstone,  Colorado,  but  he  spends  consid- 
erable time  in  New  York  and  in  trips  to 
Europe. 


—227— 


WILLIAM  B.  BERGER 


—228— 


WILLIAM  B.  BERGER. 


TDERGER,  WILLIAM  B.,  hanker,  was 
•^  born  in  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania,  May 
31,  1839,  the  son  of  Andrew  Bart  (an  iron 
manufacturers)  and  Rosina  (Reis)  Berger. 
His  manufacturing  establishment  was  lo- 
cated at  New  Castle,  Pennsylvania. 

William  B.  Berger  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Pittsburgh,  and  at  the 
age  of  thirteen  entered  a  mercantile  house 
as  clerk  in  that  city.  Subsequently,  seeking 
relief  from  asthmatic  affection,  he  passed 
several  years  in  early  life  at  Marquette, 
Michigan,  on  the  banks  of  Lake  Superior. 
At  the  age  of  twenty-one  years,  Mr.  Berger 
went  to  Europe  for  study  and  recuperation, 
and  there  acquired  knowledge  of  the  French 
and  German  languages.  He  enlisted  as  a 
federal  soldier  at  the  beginning  of  the  civil 
war,  but  was  rejected  by  the  medical  exam- 
iner. He  then  engaged  with  his  father  in 
iron  manufacture,  but  was  soon  obliged  to 
seek  change  of  climate,  and  became  a  com- 
mercial traveler  for  the  firm,  visiting  all  im- 
portant points  in  the  north  and  west.  In 
1867,  Mr.  Berger  came  to  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain country  for  the  advantages  of  health- 
ful atmosphere.  First  locating  at  Cheyenne, 
he  there  took  charge  as  manager  of  the  bank- 
ing house  of  Kountze  Brothers  &  Company, 
continuing  there  for  nearly  two  years.  In 
1869,  Mr.  Berger  removed  to  Denver,  where, 
continuing  his  business  connection  with 
Kountze  Brothers  &  Company,  he  accepted 
a  position  in  the  Colorado  National  Bank, 
the  late  Charles  B.  Kountze  (q.  v.)  being  the 
founder  and  official  head  of  the  house  in  this 
city  and  so  remaining  until  his  death  in 
November,  1911.  In  the  Denver  banking 
house,  Mr.  Berger  rose  rapidly  through  the 
several  stations,  and  in  1871  was  made  cash- 
ier of  the  bank.  He  was  a  stockholder  in 
the  bank  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  its 
management,  sustaining  such  relations  for 


nearly  twenty  years  and  until  the  time  of 
his  death,  April  10,  1890.  Outside  of  his 
banking  interests,  Mr.  Berger  was  a  man  of 
alert  business  enterprise  and  participated  in 
measures  of  early  development  which  made 
for  the  advancement  and  wealth  of  city  and 
state.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  and  a 
large  stockholder  in  the  mercantile  house  of 
Struby,  Estabrook  &  Company  of  Denver ; 
a  stockholder  and  director  in  the  Globe 
Smelting  Company ;  also  a  stockholder  in  the 
Denver,  Texas  and  Fort  Worth  (now  of  the 
Colorado  and  Southern  railway  system). 
For  sixteen  years  he  was  treasurer  of  Den- 
ver School  District  No.  1.  He  was  a  busi- 
ness man  of  prudence  and  success — a  man 
of  untiring  industry,  a  master  of  detail,  and 
expert  financier ;  quiet  in  manner,  unyielding 
in  principle  in  regard  to  all  business  trans- 
actions, while  he  was  a  man  of  genial  dis- 
position and  kindly,  sympathetic  nature  in 
all  his  business  and  social  relations.  Mr. 
Berger  was  well  informed,  broad  and  gen- 
erous in  his  views,  public-spirited  and  pro- 
gressive. He  was  a  man  of  charity  and  given 
to  hospitality.  Mr.  Berger  was  a  prominent 
member  and  vestryman  of  St.  John's  Epis- 
copal church.  While  upon  a  vacation  in  the 
spring  of  1890,  Mr.  Berger  died  suddenly 
while  playing  with  his  children  on  the  beach 
at  Monterey,  California.  He  left  to  his  fam- 
ily a  substantial  fortune  and  a  name  that  is 
honored  and  revered. 

Mr.  Berger  was  married  in  December, 
1862,  to  Miss  Margaret  Kountze  of  Ohio,  and 
his  wife  and  six  children  survive  him.  His 
two  sons,  George  B.  and  William  B.,  continue 
their  connection  with  the  Colorado  National, 
George  B.  Berger  succeeding  the  late  Charles 
B.  Kountze  as  president  and  manager  of  the 
bank,  while  AVilliam  B.  Berger,  Jr.,  remains 
as  cashier. 


—229— 


THOMAS  HALE  POTTER 


—230— 


THOMAS  HALE  POTTER. 


P  OTTER,  THOMAS  HALE,  capitalist,  born 
February  25,  1840,  in  Solon,  Cuyohoga 
county,  Ohio,  was  the  son  of  Thomas  and 
Mary  (Johnson)  Potter.  His  parents  came 
to  Ohio  with  his  grandfather  from  Belfast, 
Ireland,  about  1838-40,  but  were  born  in 
Armagh.  They  settled  on  a  farm  near  Cleve- 
land, but  have  now  both  passed  away. 

Thomas  H.  Potter,  their  son,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  public  schools  near  Solon,  and 
the  Cleveland  high  school.  He  later  became 
a  student  at  the  Western  Reserve  college, 
then  at  Hudson,  Ohio.  He  did  not  graduate, 
as  he  left  that  institution  to  go  into  the  civil 
war,  and  was  on  duty  at  the  headquarters 
of  General  Sherman  on  his  march  to  the  sea, 
and  as  clerk  to  the  chief  quartermaster  of 
the  army  of  General  L.  C.  Easton.  After 
the  war  he  was  with  General  Myers  for  a 
year,  at  Omaha  and  then  came  to  Colorado, 
in  1867,  having  been  offered  a  position  by 
Mr.  Augustus  Kountze,  as  bookkeeper  in  the 
Colorado  National  Bank  at  Denver.  In  1868 
he  was  transferred  to  Central  City  to  the 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Bank,  which  had 
there  been  established  by  the  Kountze  broth- 
ers. At  the  same  time,  Joshua  Reynolds  be- 
came associated  with  this  bank,  J.  H.  Good- 
speed,  formerly  cashier,  having  resigned, 
and  he  assumed  control.  After  Mr.  Reyn- 
olds had  conducted  the  bank  for  a  time, 
Mr.  Potter  became  interested  with  him  in  its 
management.  Mr.  Potter  afterward  ob- 
tained a  controlling  interest  in  the  bank, 
which  he  continued  to  run  until  1907.  He 


now  owns  and   controls  many  mining  and 
other  investments. 

Mr.  Potter  resided  one  year  in  Omaha, 
and  came  from  that  city  to  Denver  by  stage 
coach.  He  is  a  Mason,  Knight  Templar, 
Shriner,  and  a  member  of  the  Beta  Theta 
Pi  fraternity.  By  close  attention  to  business, 
and  fortunate  in  his  investments,  he  has  be- 
come one  of  the  prominent  financial  men  of 
the  state. 

When  the  late  Senator  E.  0.  Wolcott  was 
in  financial  straits  in  his  early  Colorado  ca- 
reer, it  was  through  Mr.  Potter's  assistance 
that  he  was  enabled  to  begin  the  practice  of 
the  law.  Mr.  Thomas  Fulton  Dawson  in  his 
"Life  and  Character  of  Edward  Oliver  Wol- 
cott," says: 

"During  his  two  months  as  a  teacher  he 
(Wolcott)  had  earned  about  $300,  and  hav- 
ing saved  a  portion  of  this  sum  he  at  last 
was  prepared,  although  poorly,  from  a  finan- 
cial standpoint,  to  enter  upon  his  life  as  a 
lawyer.  The  deficit  was  in  part  made  good 
by  Mr.  T.  H.  Potter,  a  Central  banker,  of 
whom  Mr.  Wolcott  speaks  as  'a  friend  sent 
by  Providence.'  : 

Mr.  Potter  was  always  kindly  disposed 
to  those  who  are  worthy,  and  often  in  his 
quiet  and  unostentatious  way,  has  given  a 
helping  hand.  From  the  first,  he  was  friend- 
ly to  Wolcott,  and  there  was  cemented  a  last- 
ing friendship  between  them. 

Mr.  Potter  married  Miss  Mary  Ellen 
Morse  of  Maine.  They  have  one  son,  Arthur 
M.  Potter. 


—231— 


OTTO  MEARS 


OTTO  MEARS. 


VfEARS,  OTTO,  railroad  builder  and  man- 
ager, and  commonly  known  as  the 
"Pathfinder  of  the  San  Juan,"  was  born  in 
Russia,  May  3,  1841.  He  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  parents  in  1854,  and  spent  his 
early  life  in  San  Francisco.  In  1861,  when 
twenty  years  of  age,  he  enlisted  for  three 


years  in  Company  H  of  the  First  California 
Volunteers,  and  during  a  part  of  that  serv- 
ice he  was  with  Kit  Carson  in  the  Navajo 
war.  He  was  discharged  at  the  close  of  his 
enlistment  in  1864,  in  the  Messilla  Valley, 
New  Mexico.  Mr.  Mears  then  secured  em- 
ployment as  a  clerk  with  Elsberg  &  Amberg, 


—232- 


at  Santa  Fe,  and  later  engaged  in  the  retail 
business  with  Staab  Brothers.  After  exten- 
sive explorations  in  New  Mexico  and  Ari- 
zona, he  came  to  Colorado,  in  1865,  and  en- 
gaged in  the  mercantile  business  in  the  old 
town  of  Conejos.  At  that  time  the  county 
included  within  its  limits  the  present  coun- 
ties of  Conejos,  Rio  Grande,  Mineral,  Sa- 
guache,  Hinsdale,  Ouray,  San  Miguel,  Do- 
lores, Montezuma,  and  Archuleta.  In  part- 
nership with  Major  Head,  he  started  both  a 
saw  mill  and  a  grist  mill.  As  nails  were  an 
unknown  article  there,  the  timbers  were  mor- 
tised and  held  together  by  wooden  pins. 
Lumber  then  sold  at  $80  a  thousand  feet, 
and  the  grist  was  bringing  $20  an  hundred 
pounds  for  flour.  In  1867,  he  brought  the 
first  mower,  reaper  and  threshing  machine 
into  the  San  Luis  Valley.  The  Mexicans 
looked  upon  these  inventions  with  suspicion, 
and  continued  to  use  their  sheep  for  thresh- 
ing. 

Primarily,  to  reach  a  market  for  his 
wheat  and  other  products,  Mr.  Mears  built 
a  road  from  Poncha  Pass  to  the  Arkansas 
valley.  This  highway  was  the  beginning 
of  the  Mears  system  of  toll  roads  in  the  San 
Juan.  In  1871,  with  Enos  Hotchkiss,  he 
organized  a  company  to  build  a  wagon  road 
from  Saguache  to  Howardsville,  in  San  Juan 
county,  across  Cochetopa  pass  to  Cebolla 
valley,  and  thence  to  the  Lake  Fork  of  the 
Gunnison.  Mr.  Mears  established  the  Sagu- 
ache Chronicle  to  advertise  the  resources  of 
the  valley.  The  year  following,  he,  with 
others,  incorporated  the  town  of  Lake  City, 
and  founded  the  weekly  Silver  "World.  The 
first  issue  of  this  paper,  giving  an  account 
of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  San  Juan 
region,  was  followed  by  a  rush  of  miners 
and  prospectors  to  that  section  of  Colorado. 

In  1873,  Mr.  Bruner  of  Pittsburgh  was 
appointed  commissioner  to  treat  with  the 
Ute  Indians,  for  a  part  of  the  land  of  San 
Juan,  Ouray,  San  Miguel,  and  Dolores  coun- 
ties. Visiting  Mr.  Mears  at  Saguache,  Mr. 
Bruner  informed  him  of  his  failure  to  make 
a  treaty  for  the  removal  of  the  Utes. 
Through  the  influence  of  Mr.  Mears,  who 
acted  as  interpreter,  a  meeting  was  held  with 
the  Indians,  the  treaty  signed,  the  Utes  to 
receive  the  interest  on  $500,000  of  govern- 
ment bonds.  After  this  treaty,  Mr.  Mears 
began  to  construct  roads  through  the  moun- 
tains, and  built  about  three  hundred  miles 
of  what  became  known  as  the  Mears  system 
of  toll  roads.  In  1876,  he  was  a  presidential 
elector  from  Colorado,  and  when  in  "Wash- 
ington induced  the  postoffice  department  to 
establish  a  mail  route  over  the  Uncompahgre 
agency  and  Ouray  county,  and  he  was  given 


the  contract.  He  sometimes  broke  the  trails 
for  this  mail  service  himself,  braving  the 
fierce  weather  of  the  San  Juan  region.  After 
the  Meeker  massacre,  he  assisted  in  the 
rescue  of  Mrs.  Meeker,  Mrs.  Price  and  Josep- 
hine Meeker.  He  also  conveyed  eleven  In- 
dians to  Washington,  acting  as  interpreter, 
and  also  Chief  Douglas  to  Fort  Leavenworth 
en  route.  On  arriving  in  Washington,  Mr. 
Mears  was  made  one  of  five  commissioners, 
appointed  to  make  a  new  treaty  with  the 
Utes  for  eleven  million  acres  of  land  which 
included  Montrose,  Delta  and  Mesa  coun- 
ties. The  Indians  complained  that  the  gov- 
ernment did  not  keep  its  promises,  and  de- 
manded cash.  Mr.  Mears  paid  them  $2  each 
and  they  signed  the  treaty.  Commissioners 
Mannypenny  of  Ohio,  and  Meachem  of  Wash- 
ington, filed  charges  against  Mr.  Mears, 
alleging  that  he  had  bribed  the  Indians. 
The  matter  was  taken  up  by  Secretary 
Schurz  of  the  interior  department,  and  later 
dismissed  by  Secretary  Kirkwood,  who  suc- 
ceeded him.  Mr.  Mears  explained  to  Kirk- 
wood  that  the  Utes  would  rather  have  $2  in 
cash  than  the  promised  interest  on  $1,800,000. 
Under  Kirkwood 's  order,  Mr.  Mears  was  re- 
funded the  $2,800  he  had  paid  the  Indians. 

Mr.  Mears  is  one  of  the  historical  men 
of  Colorado,  and  in  honor  of  his  many 
achievements,  his  portrait  is  given  a  place 
in  one  of  the  glass  stained  windows  of  the 
senate  chamber  in  the  state  house.  He  was 
one  of  the  incorporators  of  the  town  of  Mont- 
rose.  He  built  toll  roads  in  San  Juan 
county,  and  over  Marshall  Pass ;  constructed 
a  railroad  from  Silverton  to  Red  Mountain 
and  Ironton;  also  the  Silverton  Northern 
from  Silverton  to  Eureka  and  Animas  Forks, 
with  a  branch  up  Cunningham  Gulch.  Mr. 
Mears  also  built  the  Rio  Grande  Southern 
from  Ridgway  to  Durango,  connecting  at 
both  ends  with  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande. 
He  has  promoted  and  successfully  conducted 
many  great  enterprises  and  his  history  in  the 
development  of  the  San  Juan  region  has  won 
for  him  the  well  known  title  of  the  "path- 
finder" of  that  section  of  the  state. 

During  a  long  period  of  twenty-one  years, 
he  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  cap- 
itol  managers,  and  ably  filled  that  position. 
He  assisted  in  the  selection  of  the  granite 
quarries  in  Gunnison  county,  from  which  the 
building  stone  was  obtained  for  this  building, 
and  aided  in  many  ways  in  making  this  the 
handsome  and  beautiful  structure,  that  has 
received  world-wide  praise.  During  his  long 
service  with  the  board,  no  unpleasant  con- 
troversy has  ever  occurred.  Mr.  Mears  well 
deserves  to  be  remembered  as  one  of  the 
empire  builders  of  Colorado  and  the  west. 


—233— 


PHILIP  ARGALL 


PHILIP  ARGALL 


A  RGALL,  PHILIP,  mining  engineering 
*^*~  and  metallurgy,  born  near  Belfast,  Ire- 
land, August  27,  1854,  is  a  son  of  Philip 
and  Sarah  (McCallum)  Argall.  His  father 
was  a  mining  engineer,  descended  from  an  old 
west  of  England  family.  Educated  in  Ire- 
land, Philip  Argall,  began  mining  as  a  mere 


lad,  in  the  dressing  works  of  the  Cronebane 
mines  at  Avoca.  Then  becoming  an  under- 
ground miner,  also  studying  surveying,  chem- 
istry, mineralogy,  and  metallurgy,  in  the 
meanwhile,  until  Dec.  1875,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed agent  in  charge  of  the  mines.  He 
prepared,  in  connection  with  Mr.  G.  Henry 


—234— 


Kinahan,  district  surveyor  of  H.  M.  Geo- 
logical Survey,  plans  and  sections  of  the 
Avoca  mining  district,  and  a  descriptive 
paper,  "The  Geological  and  Mineralogical 
Districts  of  Avoca,"  which  was  awarded  the 
prize  at  the  Royal  Cornwall  Polytechnic 
Society's  Exhibition  in  1878.  In  Phillip's 
"Treatise  on  Ore  Deposits,"  liberal  quotations 
were  made  from  this  paper.  His  paper  on 
"Ancient  and  Recent  Mining  Operations  in 
the  Eastern  Avoca  District,"  which  was  read 
before  the  Royal  Dublin  Society,  was  pub- 
lished in  its  proceedings  for  1879.  Severing 
his  connection  with  the  Cronebane  mines, 
in  Feb.,  1879,  he  became  the  manager  of  the 
Stannic  Company's  Works  at  Swansea,  Wales, 
which  had  been  erected  for  the  application 
of  Mr.  Edward  A.  Parnell's  patents  for  the 
extraction  of  tin,  from  tin  plate  scrap,  etc. 
This  business  was  conducted  at  these  works, 
together  with  tin  and  lead  smelting.  In 
severing  his  connection  with  this  company  in 
June,  1880,  he  was  warmly  commended  by 
Mr.  Parnell,  for  his  success  as  well  as  the  im- 
provements he  had  made  in  the  process. 

Mr.  Argall,  near  the  close  of  1880,  was 
appointed  manager  of  the  Glenariff  Iron  Ore 
&  Harbor  Company,  which  owned  extensive 
mines  of  aluminous  iron  ore,  in  the  county  of 
Antrim,  Ireland.  He  embodied  the  result  of 
his  studies  of  the  geological  formation  at  this 
place,  in  a  paper  on  the  "Tertiary  Iron  Ore 
Measures,  Glenariff  Valley,  county  of  An- 
trim," which  was  read  before  the  Royal 
Dublin  Society  in  1881.  Resigning  his  po- 
sition at  Glenariff,  early  in  1881,  Mr.  Argall 
was  appointed  manager  of  the  mines  of  the 
Duchy  Peru  Mining  Company,  Cornwall, 
England,  1881-1883,  and  continued  in  the 
successes  already  attained,  he  soon  acquired 
an  international  reputation  in  his  profession, 
filling  the  following  positions: 

Manager  of  Antimony  Smelting  Works  in 
London,  1883. 

Manager  Kapanga  Gold  Mine,  New  Zea- 
land, 1884-85. 

Manager  Silver  Queen  United  Mine,  So- 
nora,  Mexico,  1886. 

Consulting  Engineer  to  the  Mountcashel 
Iron  Ore  Co.  and  the  Societe  Anonyme 
des  Plumbs  D.  Asperieres  (France) 
1886. 

Manager  La  Plata  Mining  &  Smelting  Co. 
of  Leadville,  Colo.,  1887  and  1902. 

Manager  of  the  Metallic  Extraction  Com- 
pany's Works,  Florence,  Colo.,  1894- 
1901. 

Consulting  engineer  to  the  Dolores  Min- 
ing Co.,  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  1902-3. 

Expert  on  Royal  Commission  appointed 
by  the  Dominion  Government  to  ex- 


amine the  zinc  resources  of  British 
Columbia,  1905-6. 

Doing  a  general  business  of  Consulting 
Mining  and  Metallurgical  Engineer 
since  Feb.,  1905. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  following  societies: 

Royal  Irish  Academy  M.  R.  I.  A. 

Mining  &  Metallurgical  Club,  London. 

Gold  Medallist  of  the  Institute  of  Mining 
Metallurgy,  London,  England. 

American  Institute  of  Mining  Engineers. 

Fellow  of  the  Geological  Society  of  America 

Colorado  Scientific  Society,  etc. 

Mr.  Argall  was  for  some  years  a  special 
contributor  to  the  Engineering  and  Mining 
Journal  (New  York),  and  has  written  many 
articles  and  papers  for  learned  societies  on 
Sampling  and  Dry  Crushing  in  Colorado. 
He  was  awarded  a  gold  medal  by  Institution 
of  Mining  and  Metallurgy,  London.  Among 
his  contributions  are  papers  on  "Nickel,  The 
occurrence,  geological  distribution  and  geology 
of  its  ore  deposits,"  for  the  Colorado  Scien- 
tific Society.  "Notes  on  the  Santa  Eulalie 
District,  Sonora,  Mexico,"  Colorado  Scien- 
tific Society;  "Ancient  and  Recent  Mining 
Operations,  Avoca,  Ireland,"  Royal  Dublin 
Society;  "Continuous  Jigging  Machinery," 
Institute  of  Cornwall;  "Tertiary  Iron  Ore 
Measures  of  Antrim,"  Royal  Dublin  Society; 
"Recovery  of  Copper  from  its  Solution  in 
Mine  Drainage,"  joint  paper  Royal  Dublin 
Society;  "Steps  in  Cyanidation,"  Colorado 
Scientific  Society. 

Mr.  Argall  came  to  Denver  in  1892,  and 
interested  himself  in  cyanidation,  both  in 
the  Black  Hills  and  in  Cripple  Creek,  and 
introduced  those  important  methods  which 
brought  success  out  of  the  chaotic  condition, 
then  existing  as  to  the  treatment  of  these 
ores.  He  built  the  metallic  Extraction  Com- 
pany Mill  for  Mr.  Moffat  at  Florence,  the 
first  successful  Cyanide  mill  to  treat  Cripple 
Creek  ores.  In  1906  he  built  the  Cyanide 
mill  for  the  Golden  Cycle  Company,  at  Colo- 
rado Springs,  the  largest  roasting  cyanide 
mill  in  the  world;  and,  still  later  the  mill  for 
Stratton's -Independence  Mine,  for  which  he 
is  now  the  Consulting  Engineer.  Through 
hard  work,  patience  and  study,  in  a  reserved 
and  quiet  way,  he  has  attained  a  position  in 
mining  and  metallurgy  of  the  highest  stand- 
ing, and  with  a  record  and  experience  that 
is  world  wide. 

Mr.  Argall  married  Miss  Frances  Ellen 
Oates,  of  County  Wicklow,  Ireland,  in  1876, 
who  died  in  1903.  They  have  the  following 
children:  Philip  Henry;  George  O.;  Frances 
Laura,  wife  of  Dr.  C.  C.  Reid;  William  A.; 
David  John,  Spokane;  Albert  Joseph,  sur- 
geon, St.  Joseph's  Hospital,  Denver;  Hilda 
E.;  Lillian  A.;  Winifred  S.;  and  Gladys  M 


—235— 


JOHN  GOOD 


—236— 


JOHN  GOOD. 


f^OOD,  JOHN,  capitalist,  born  John  Guth, 
^  October  14,  1835,  at  Uhrweiler,  Alsace- 
Lorraine,  then  in  France,  but  later  annexed 
to  Germany,  in  1871.  He  was  the  son  of 
Jacob  and  Elizabeth  (Kiefer)  Guth.  The 
original  family  name  of  "Guth"  was  changed 
by  the  subject  of  this  sketch  in  1854  to  that 
of  "Good,"  and  since  then  he  has  been  known 
as  John  Good.  His  cousin,  John  T.  Good 
(Guth)  from  Uhrweiler,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  1837,  and  settled  in  Akron,  Ohio. 

Jacob  Guth,  father  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  born  in  1800,  died  in  1886,  was  a 
large  land  owner  and  farmer,  both  in  France 
and  the  United  States.  Elizabeth,  mother  of 
John  Good,  was  the  daughter  of  Philipp  and 
Elizabeth  Kiefer.  Two  of  her  family,  Philipp, 
age  17,  and  George,  age  18,  both  uncles  of 
John  Good,  fought  in  Napoleon's  army,  and 
perished  in  the  memorable  retreat  from  Mos- 
cow. 

John  Good  attended  the  public  schools  at 
Uhrweiler  until  1854,  when  he  came  to  the 
United  States  and  engaged  in  business  with 
John  T.  Good  at  Akron,  Ohio.  He  was  one 
of  the  pioneers  of  Denver,  coming  to  this  city 
in  1859  with  his  ox  team  and  wagon.  In  that 
year  he  started  one  of  the  first  general  mer- 
chandise stores  in  Denver,  its  location  being 
on  Blake  Street.  To  equip  this  store,  Mr. 
Good  was  compelled  to  haul  all  his  own  freight, 
and  made  sixteen  trips  across  the  plains. 
One  of  these  trips  in  1859,  from  St.  Joseph  to 
Denver,  required  90  days,  when  he  came  alone 
disregarding  the  dangers  of  Indian  attack. 
He  conducted  the  store  for  only  a  short  time, 
as  during  Mr.  Good's  absence  on  one  of  his 
trips,  the  man  left  in  charge  of  his  store  de- 
camped to  the  mountains,  having  first  dis- 
posed of  the  entire  stock,  thus  leaving  noth- 
ing for  Mr.  Good  to  continue  with.  In  1859, 
Mr.  Good  having  secured  another  start,  es- 
tablished the  Rocky  Mountain  Brewery 
Company,  the  first  in  Denver,  and  also  in 
this  region.  It  was  later  purchased  by  Mr.. 
Philip  Zang,  who  acted  in  the  capacity  of 
Mr.  Good's  foreman.  In  1901,  Mr.  Good 
consolidated  the  Milwaukee  and  Union  Brew- 


eries into  the  Tivoli-Union  Brewing  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  became  President  and 
Treasurer. 

Mr.  Good  was  one  of  the  organizers  and 
promoters  of  the  old  German  Bank,  organized 
under  the  laws  of  Colorado,  March  3,  1874. 
The  German  National  Bank  was  the  out- 
growth of  the  German  Bank,  securing  its 
charter  as  a  National  bank  in  April,  1877. 
Mr.  Good  was  made  Vice-President,  and  also 
acted  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

He  was  one  of  the  promoters  and  original 
stockholders  of  various  railroad  enterprises, 
including  the  Denver  &  South  Park  R.  R., 
Denver  &  Gulf  R.  R.,  and  Denver  &  Pacific. 

During  a  residence  of  52  years  in  Denver, 
Mr.  Good  has  been  interested  in  mining, 
railroads,  banking  and  real  estate.  He  as- 
sisted in  encouraging  and  promoting  many  en- 
terprises that  have  led  to  the  building  up 
of  this  city  and  state,  and  has  lived  to  see 
the  realization  of  the  hopes  and  ambitions 
of  the  pioneers  in  the  fostering  and  develop- 
ing of  this  commonwealth.  He  was  elected 
City  Treasurer  of  Denver  twice,  serving 
four  years,  1875-6-7-8.  He  was  one  of  the 
organizers  and  charter  members  of  the  old 
Lotus  club.  He  has  at  all  times  been  a  po- 
tent factor  in  Denver's  commercial  up- 
building, and  is  today  one  of  her  most  public 
spirited  men. 

Mr.  Good  married  in  May,  1862,  Miss 
Rosalia  M.,  daughter  of  J.  Christopher  and 
Anna  Barbara  (Meyer)  Wagner,  at  Misha- 
waka,  Ind.  Her  uncle,  Serephine  Meyer, 
was  a  Judge  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War  acted  as  Colonel  of  the 
107th  Ohio  Regiment.  Two  sons,  Turine 
and  Tulius  Meyer,  also  fought  with  the  107th 
Ohio  Regiment,  both  being  killed  while  in 
action.  A  third  son,  General  Edward  Meyer, 
was  engaged  with  the  19th  Ohio  Volunteers. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Good  had  six  children: 
Leonora  R.  (Mrs.  J.  Everett  Hasler)  of 
New  York  City;  Carrie  (Mrs.  J.  J.  Reilly) 
of  Salt  Lake  City;  Louis,  Nellie,  Louis 
Wagner,  and  John  Edward,  Yale  1895. 


—237— 


GODFREY  SCHIRMER 


-238— 


GODFREY  SCHIRMER. 


C  CHIRMER,  GODFREY,  banker  and  finan- 
^  cier,  was  born  in  Hoboken,  New  Jersey, 
December  5,  1863.  He  attended  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  city,  until  1876,  when 
he  went  to  Germany,  where  he  became  a  stu- 
dent in  the  high  school,  thus  supplementing 
his  earlier  American  education.  He  then 
found  employment  in  a  bank  at  Landau, 
Pfalz.  Returning  to  the  United  States  in 
1883,  he  worked  for  Oelrichs  &  Company,  gen- 
eral agents  for  the  North-German  Lloyd 
Steamship  Company,  continuing  with  that 
agency  until  1886.  Owing  to  ill  health  he  re- 
moved to  Denver  in  the  latter  year,  and  for  a 
year  was  in  the  employ  of  Albert  Abel,  the 
pioneer  cigar  dealer.  In  1887,  he  established 
an  agency  office  for  the  sale  of  steamship 
tickets,  at  the  same  time  being  a  notary  pub- 
lic. In  the  latter  part  of  that  year,  he  formed 
a  partnership  with  O.  S.  Lehman,  under  the 
firm  name  of  Schirmer  &  Lehman.  In  1894, 
Louis  Anfenger  &  Company,  general  insur- 
ance and  loans,  consolidated  with  and  joined 
the  partnership.  Four  years  later,  Mr. 
Schirmer  retired  from  the  firm  and  founded 
the  Schirmer  Insurance  and  Investment  Com- 
pany in  1898.  From  this  time  on,  Mr. 
Schirmer  branched  into  larger  operations  as 
a  financier,  and  his  company  became  one  of 
the  representative  investment  concerns  of  the 
city.  He  is  a  shrewd  business  man,  upright 
and  fair  in  all  his  dealings.  His  business  in- 
creased to  such  a  dimension  that,  when  the 
German  American  Trust  Company  was  or- 
ganized, Mr.  Schirmer  was  able  to  add  $300,- 
000  to  the  capital  of  that  now  well  known 
financial  institution.  He  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  German  American  Trust  Com- 
pany, May  1,  1905,  and  still  holds  that  posi- 
tion. 

This    trust    company   has    greatly    pros- 
pered under  President  Schirmer 's  adminis- 


tration. On  September  1,  1909,  the  firm 
moved  into  its  own  new  and  beautiful  build- 
ing erected  at  a  cost  of  $200,000,  on  the  cor- 
ner of  Seventeenth  and  Lawrence  streets. 
The  interior  of  the  structure  is  considered 
equal  in  modernity  and  attractiveness  to  any 
in  Denver.  The  deposits  had  now  reached 
$1,000,000,  and  on  May  1,  1910,  the  capital 
stock  was  increased  to  $500,000. 

Mr.  Schirmer  is  connected  with  many 
business  interests  and  investments,  with 
which  he  holds  the  following  official  posi- 
tions: president  of  the  German- American 
Trust  Company ;  vice-president  of  the  Impe- 
rial Fire  Insurance  Company,  and  director  in 
the  following  companies :  The  Denver  United 
Breweries  (Limited),  the  Great  Western 
Sugar  Company,  the  German  American  Real 
Estate  Company,  the  Harkness  Heights  Land 
Company,  the  Lakeside  Realty  and  Amuse- 
ment Company,  the  Teutonic  Investment 
Company,  and  the  Welton  Street  Investment 
Company. 

In  his  social  and  commercial  life,  Mr. 
Schirmer  is  a  member  of  prominent  societies 
and  orders,  as  follows:  East  Denver  Turn- 
verein,  Bayern  Verein,  Harugari,  Schiller 
lodge  of  Odd  Fellows,  Schiller  lodge  of 
Masons,  Scottish  Rite  Masons,  and  Shriners. 
He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club, 
Denver  Athletic  Club,  Denver  Traffic  Club, 
Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Denver  Real 
Estate  Exchange,  Civil  Service  Reform 
League,  and  the  National  Geographical  So- 
ciety. The  "German  Kaiser,  a  few  years  ago, 
conferred  upon  Mr.  Schirmer  the  Order  of 
the  Crown,  Fourth  Class,  an  honor  highly 
prized  by  German-Americans. 

Mr.  Schirmer  married,  in  March,  1905, 
Miss  Anna,  daughter  of  H.  P.  Nagel,  and 
to  them  have  been  born  the  following  child- 
ren: 


-239— 


SAMUEL  DANFORD  NICHOLSON 


—240- 


SAMUEL  DANFORD  NICHOLSON. 


XTICHOLSON,  SAMUEL  DANFORD,  min- 
ing,  born  February  22,  1859,  in  Spring- 
field, Prince  Edward  Island,  Canada,  was  the 
son  of  Donald  M.  and  Catharine  (McKenzie) 
Nicholson.  The  family  is  of  Scotch  descent. 
In  1841,  Malcolm  Nicholson,  his  grandfather, 
came  over  from  Scotland  and  settled  at 
Springfield,  this  island,  and  his  son,  Donald 
M.,  born  1828,  died  1901,  was  a  farmer. 

Samuel  D.  Nicholson  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  his  native  town,  on  the 
island,  and  then  started  out  in  the  world  to 
make  his  own  fortune.  After  many  and 
varied  vicissitudes  that  developed  in  him  the 
self-made  man,  he  went  to  Leadville,  arriv- 
ing in  February,  1881,  at  the  great  carbon- 
ate mining  camp,  of  which  he  was  to  become 
mayor  a  few  years  later. 

Mr,  Nicholson  soon  became  prominently 
identified  with  mining  interests,  and  laid  the 
foundation  for  the  wealth  that  came,  through 
hard  work,  far-sightedness  and  business  en- 
terprise. He  began  as  a  miner,  and  was 
known  as  a  reliable  and  skilful  foreman.  He 
was  then  advanced  to  more  responsible  em- 
ployment, as  mining  superintendent  and 
manager.  He  was  connected  with  the  A.  Y. 


and  Minnie  mines,  and  other  valuable  prop- 
erties. Familiarizing  himself  with  all  the 
details  of  this  industry  and  making  a  close 
study  of  the  mining  situation  and  conditions 
in  Leadville,  he  began  to  make  a  fortune 
for  himself.  Having  become  one  of  the  lead- 
ing as  well  as  popular  citizens  of  Leadville, 
he  was  elected  mayor,  and  then  re-elected 
to  succeed  himself,  ably  filling  that  position 
from  1893  to  1897.  He  later  made  Denver 
his  residence. 

Mr.  Nicholson  is  president,  general  man- 
ager and  a  large  owner  of  the  Western 
Mining  Company,  Leadville,  and  is  interested 
in  various  mining  enterprises.  He  has  also 
become  prominently  identified  with  other 
lines  of  business.  He  is  a  director  in  the 
American  National  Bank  of  Leadville,  and 
also  in  the  Capitol  Life  Insurance  Company. 
The  Holly  Sugar  Company  and  other  enter- 
prises represent  some  of  his  investments. 

Mr.  Nicholson  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club  and  the  Denver  Country  Club. 

He  married  at  Leadville,  in  1887, 
Miss  Anna  Neary,  of  Clifton  Springs,  New 
York.  They  have  two  children,  Edward 
and  Ruth  Helen. 


—241  — 


CHARLES  WESLEY  FRANKLIN 


—242— 


CHARLES   WESLEY   FRANKLIN 


FRANKLIN,  CHARLES  WESLEY,  law- 
*•  yer,  born  Oct.  20,  1858,  near  Boonville, 
Missouri,  is  the  son  of  Henry  and  Martha 
(Jeffries)  Franklin.  His  father,  born  1825, 
died  April  13,  1902,  was  a  contractor  and 
carpenter.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  edu- 
cated in  the  High  School,  Sedalia,  Missouri; 
and  attended  Central  College,  Fayette,  Mis- 
souri, 1877;  University  of  Missouri,  1878-81; 
University  of  Michigan,  1882-83,  graduating 
from  the  law  department  of  the  latter  in 
June,  1883. 

About  1872,  he  began  serving  his  ap- 
prenticeship as  the  "devil"  on  the  Sedalia 
(Mo.)  Democrat;  was  then  job  printer,  and 
also  reporter  and  traveling  correspondent 
for  this  same  paper  for  about  eight  years. 
A.  Y.  Hull,  father  of  Congressman  Hull  of 
Iowa,  was  its  editor,  and  later  succeeded  by 
Major  John  N.  Edwards,  one  of  the  ablest 
American  editorial  writers.  While  thus  en- 
gaged in  journalism,  Mr.  Franklin  earned 
part  of  the  money  used  in  his  collegiate  edu- 
cation. He  earned  some  of  his  expenses  at 
the  University  of  Missouri,  printing  college 
papers,  with  W.  S.  Cowherd,  later  congress- 
man from  Missouri,  being  one  of  the  editors. 

Mr.  Franklin  came  to  Colorado  in  1880, 
and  after  remaining  in  Denver  a  month,  went 
to  Leadville,  where  he  set  type  on  the  Herald, 
later  known  as  the  Herald-Democrat.  He 
was  foreman  of  the  Leadville  Chronicle's 
job  office,  at  the  time  that  Robert  Gauss,  now 
of  the  Denver  Republican,  was  connected 
with  that  paper.  While  a  printer  in  Lead- 
ville, he  became  a  member  of  the  typograph- 
ical union. 

Mr.  Franklin  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of 
Aspen,  being  a  member  of  the  second  party 
that  went  into  that  country  over  the  Inde- 
pendence Trail.  Returning  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri,  he  studied  law,  then  came 
back  to  Colorado,  engaging  in  mining  at 
Ashcroft,  also  being  interested  in  that  town- 
site.  He  ran  for  clerk  and  recorder  of  Pitkin 
county  on  the  democratic  ticket,  in  1881, 
and  though  elected  was  afterwards  admit- 
tedly counted  out.  He  resumed  the  practice 
of  the  law,  and  for  a  time,  was  in  the  office 
of  Markham,  Patterson  &  Thomas  at  Lead- 
ville, and  also  in  the  office  of  G.  G.  White, 
at  the  same  place.  He  served  as  assistant 
district  attorney  of  Lake  county,  under 
William  Kellogg.  He  then  attended  the 
University  of  Michigan,  and  after  grad- 
uating from  the  legal  department,  returned 
to  Leadville,  where  he  again  became  assist- 
ant to  the  district  attorney,  performing  a  con- 
siderable share  of  the  business,  at  a  time  when 


so  much  lawlessness  prevailed  in  the  min 
ing  camps.  In  1885,  Mr.  Franklin  formed 
a  partnership  at  Aspen  with  James  M.  Down- 
ing, under  the  firm  name  of  Downing  & 
Franklin,  which  for  several  years  represented 
the  principal  mining  interests  of  that  section. 
They  had  among  their  mining  clients,  H.  B. 
Cowenhoven,  D.  R.  C.  Brown,  D.  H.  Moffat, 
W.  S.  Cheesman,  J.  J.  Hagerman,  Elmer  T. 
Butler,  John  C.  Eames,  the  Aspen,  Emma, 
Connemara,  Deep  Mining  &  Drainage  Com- 
pany, other  large  mining  corporations,  to- 
gether with  the  water  works  and  electric 
light  companies.  They  were  attorneys  for 
the  sideline  claimants  in  the  big  apex  cases. 
At  the  same  time,  Mr.  Franklin  was  the  local 
attorney  for  the  D.  &  R.  G.  railroad. 

Coming  to  Denver  in  1893,  Mr.  Franklin 
formed  a  partnership  with  Lafe  Pence,  which 
was  dissolved  when  the  latter  ran  for  con- 
gress a  second  time.  His  move  to  Denver 
was  brought  about  by  the  necessity  for  a  more 
central  location  for  interests  represented  by 
him  in  Denver,  Cripple  Creek,  and  Colorado 
Springs,  where  his  clients  had  extensive 
properties,  especially  in  the  organization  and 
construction  of  the  Midland  Terminal  Rail- 
way, for  which  he  was  general  counsel.  He 
also  became  interested  in  railways  in  Texas 
and  Central  America.  At  the  present  time 
he  has  extensive  mining  interests  in  Gilpin, 
Summit,  Clear  Creek,  Teller,  Pitkin,  and 
other  counties  of  the  state.  In  1893,  he  es- 
tablished a  branch  office  at  Cripple  Creek, 
with  K.  R.  Babbitt,  as  a  third  member  of  the 
firm. 

Mr.  Franklin  has  continued  to  practice 
law  in  Denver,  the  firm  now  being  Franklin 
&  Tedrow,  making  a  specialty  of  mining, 
corporation,  irrigation  and  railway  litigation. 
He  is  one  of  the  democratic  leaders  of  the 
state  and  been  prominently  mentioned 
for  governor  on  that  ticket.  He  is  prominent 
in  the  counsels  of  his  party,  from  both  a  state 
and  national  standpoint,  taking  an  active 
part  in  its  conventions,  and  was  chairman 
for  Denver  and  Colorado  of  the  Democratic 
National  Convention  at  Denver  in  1908.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Traffic  Club  and  the  K.  P.,  and  is  also  a  di- 
rector in  the  Denver  Convention  League  and 
the  Festival  of  Mountain  and  Plain ;  the  Phi 
Delta  Phi,  the  legal  fraternity,  and  the  Beta 
Theta  Pi  of  Missouri. 

He  married  at  Glenwood  Springs,  in 
1887,  Miss  Carrie  May,  daughter  of  John  W. 
Beman  of  Cripple  Creek,  Colorado.  They 
have  two  children:  Charles  Beman,  and 
Lucile  Martha. 


—243— 


HUGH  JOHN  ALEXANDER 


—244— 


HUGH  JOHN  ALEXANDER. 


A  LEXANDER,  HUGH  JOHN,  banker, 
"•  born  August  20,  1851,  was  the  son  of 
William  Knox  and  Elizabeth  Alexander.  He 
spent  the  first  twenty-two  years  of  his  life 
in  Iowa,  where  he  received  a  common  school 
education.  He  came  to  Colorado  in  1873,  and 
during  his  first  year's  residence  in  this  state 
lived  with  some  friends  on  a  ranch.  The  fol- 
lowing year  he  went  to  Colorado  Springs, 
where,  for  a  short  time,  he  was  connected 
with  the  First  National  Bank  of  that  city,  as 
bookkeeper  and  teller.  In  1876  he  became 
connected  with  the  Thatcher  Brothers  bank- 
ing system  in  Colorado,  which,  in  addition 
to  their  large  central  bank  in  Pueblo,  also 
included  a  number  of  banking  institutions  in 
the  southern  and  southwestern  part  of  the 
state.  In  the  latter  year  he  removed  to  Lake 
City,  Colorado,  where  he  became  assistant 
and,  later,  cashier  of  the  Miners  and  Mer- 
chants Bank,  owned  by  the  Thatcher  Bro- 
thers at  that  place. 

When  the  Thatcher  Brothers  organized  the 
First  National  Bank  at  Silverton,  in  1880, 
Mr.  Alexander  was  sent  to  that  town  as 
cashier  for  the  new  bank,  but  a  year  later 
returned  to  his  former  position  as  cashier 
of  the  bank  at  Lake  City.  In  1884,  Mr.  Alex- 
ander, together  with  the  Thatcher  Brothers, 
purchased  a  controlling  interest  in  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Trinidad,  and  he  removed 
to  that  city.  Thus,  after  several  years  of 
employment  in  banking  circles,  in  which  he 
had  shown  aptitude  and  skill  as  a  financier, 
and  through  judicious  investments  of  his 
own,  Mr.  Alexander  was  able  to  start  in  busi- 
ness for  himself.  His  several  years  of  expe- 
rience in  the  positions  that  had  been  held 


by  him,  together  with  his  well  known  integ- 
rity and  ability,  eminently  fitted  him  for  a 
larger  and  more  extensive  field  of  work. 
He  had  so  long  been  connected  with  the 
Thatcher  Brothers  with  their  banks  in  the 
San  Juan  region,  in  which  his  efficiency  had 
been  shown,  that  when  they  became  inter- 
ested in  the  Trinidad  bank,  Mr.  Alexander 
was  made  one  of  their  partners  in  that  insti- 
tution, a  high  compliment  to  his  long  and 
faithful  service. 

Mr.  Alexander  remained  in  Trinidad  until 
1902,  when  he  contemplated  a  larger  and  still 
more  extensive  field  of  operation.  In  that 
year  he  came  to  Denver,  and  operating  in 
connection  with  the  Thatcher  Brothers  and 
Delos  A.  Chappell,  the  Continental  National 
Bank  of  this  city  was  organized.  Later  it 
became  the  Capitol  National  Bank.  Mr. 
Alexander  was  its  cashier  for  three  years, 
and  is  now  its  first  vice-president. 

During  a  period  of  thirty-seven  years,  Mr. 
Alexander  has  been  connected  with  Colorado 
banking  institutions,  in  which  he  has  made 
an  enviable  career  for  honorable  and  upright 
dealing,  and  has  established  for  himself  a 
record  as  one  of  the  ablest  financiers  in  the 
state.  His  long  service  with  the  banks  in 
southern  and  southwestern  Colorado,  during 
which  he  built  up  a  large  personal  and  busi- 
ness acquaintance,  has  added  strength  to 
the  Denver  bank  with  which  he  is  now  asso- 
ciated, with  other  and  able  financiers. 

Mr.  Alexander  married  Jennie  L.  King, 
daughter  of  Delos  G.  King,  and  to  them  was 
born  a  son,  Philip  K.  Alexander. 

Mr.  Alexander  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Country  Club  and  the  Colorado  Traffic  Club. 


—245— 


LEONARD  EAGER  CURTIS 


—246— 


LEONARD  EAGER  CURTIS. 


URTIS,  LEONARD  EAGER,  lawyer,  born 
July  23,  1858,  Norwalk,  Ohio,  is  the 
son  of  Alfred  Smith  (lawyer,  born  December 
9,  1816,  died  1886)  and  Elmina  (daughter  of 
Caleb  and  Anna  Adams)  Curtis.  He  is  de- 
scended frfom  William  Curtis  of  Tenterden, 
county  of  Kent,  England,  who  came  on  the 
ship  Leon  to  Boston  in  1632,  and  later  settled 
in  Roxbury,  Mossachusetts,  and  also  from 
Nehemiah  Smith,  England,  who  sailed  for 
Plymouth  in  1637.  The  English  branch  of 
the  Curtis  family  settled  in  Kent  and  Sus- 
sex counties  at  a  very  early  period.  There 
is  a  record  of  Stephen  Curtis  of  Appledore, 
Kent,  about  1450,  several  of  whose  descen- 
dants were  mayors  of  Tenterden.  The  arms 
borne  by  this  branch  of  the  family  are :  Ar- 
gent :  a  chevron  sable  between  three  bulls' 
heads  cabossed  gules ;  Crest :  a  unicorn  pas- 
sant or  between  four  trees  ppr. 

Alfred  Smith  Curtis,  his  father,  a  law- 
yer prominent  in  his  profession,  married  El- 
mina Wadams  of  Fleming  Hill,  Cayuga  coun- 
ty, New  York,  whose  progenitor  was  John 
Wadams,  of  Wethersfield,  Connecticut,  1655. 
Abigail  Smith,  mother  of  Alfred  Smith  Cur- 
tis, was  a  descendant  in  the  seventh  genera- 
tion from  Nehemiah  Smith  of  Plymouth, 
1621-2,  later  an  early  settler  of  the  New  Ha- 
ven Colony,  removing  thence  to  the  vicinity 
of  Norwich,  Connecticut. 

Leonard  Eager  Curtis  received  his  early 
education  in  the  Oneida  high  school,  Oneida, 
Illinois,  and  at  Knox  college,  Galesburg,  Illi- 
nois, and  was  graduated  from  Yale  (aca- 
demic) 1872,  and  the  Yale  law  school,  1874. 
During  the  next  two  years  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  legal  firm  of  Stanley,  Brown  & 
Clark,  New  York  City.  Then,  for  a  short 
time,  he  was  in  partnership  with  George  S. 
Sedgwick,  under  the  firm  name  of  Sedgwick 
&  Curtis,  after  which  he  became  the  junior 
partner  of  Stanley,  Brown  &  Clark,  one  of 
the  great  law  firms  of  New  York.  Retiring 
from  general  practice  in  1880,  he  was  ap- 
pointed secretary  and  general  counsel  for 
the  United  States  Electric  Lighting  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  pioneer  electric  corpora- 
tions. From  that  time  until  1896,  he  devoted 
himself  mainly  to  the  great  patent  litigation 
which  arose  between  different  interests,  final- 
ly centering  in  the  Westinghouse  Electric  & 
Manufacturing  Company  and  the  General 
Electric  Company.  Mr.  Curtis  was  execu- 
tive counsel  on  the  Westinghouse  side  of  this 
litigation,  which  was  very  extensive  and 
complicated,  involving  all  phases  of  modern 


development  in  electric  light  and  power.  His 
law  firms  during  most  of  this  time  were 
Duncan,  Curtis  &  Page,  and  Kerr  &  Curtis. 
The  litigation  terminated  in  1896,  and  his 
health  breaking  down,  Mr.  Curtis  came  to 
Colorado,  locating  at  Colorado  Springs, 
which  has  since  been  his  residence.  Having 
recovered  his  health,  he  resumed  the  general 
practice  of  law,  and,  in  1899,  formed  a  part- 
nership with  his  brother-in-law,  Mr.  Henry 
Hine,  under  the  firm  name  of  Curtis  &  Hine, 
for  taking  up  the  construction  and  operation 
of  electric  power  plants.  They  built  on  the 
coal  fields  near  Colorado  Springs,  the  plant 
which  is  now  the  principal  one  of  the  Colo- 
rado Springs  Light,  Heat  &  Power  Company. 
Soon  after,  they  began  operations  in  Mex- 
ico, organizing  the  Guanajuato  Power  & 
Electric  Company,  and  afterward  the  Mich- 
oacan  Power  Company,  and  the  Central  Mex- 
ico Light  &  Power  Company,  now  operating 
in  the  state  of  Guanajuato,  Michoacan,  San 
Luis  Potosi  and  Jalisco,  comprising  the  cen- 
tral part  of  Mexico.  Curtis  &  Hine  are  the 
general  managers  of  these  extensive  corpor- 
ations; Mr.  Curtis  is  also  the  vice-president 
and  treasurer  of  all  the  companies. 

Afterward  they  organized  the  Animas 
Power  &  Water  Company,  constructing  a 
large  plant  on  the  Animas  river  between  Sil- 
verton  and  Durango,  but  later  retired  from 
the  company.  In  1906,  they  took  a  promin- 
ent part  in  the  organization  of  the  Central 
Colorado  Power  Company  and  in  the  con- 
struction of  its  plants  on  the  Grand  river 
near  Glenwood  Springs,  but  retiring  about  a 
year  ago  from  the  management  of  that  com- 
pany, they  are  now  devoting  themselves  to 
their  Mexican  enterprises. 

Mr.  Curtis  is  a  member  of  the  following 
organizations:  El  Paso  Club,  Cheyenne 
Mountain  Country  Club,  Colorado  Springs 
Golf  Club,  Colorado  Springs  Winter  Night 
Club  (president),  Automobile  Club  of  Colo- 
rado Springs  (president),  Denver  Club, 
American  Bar  Association,  New  York  Bar 
Association,  Colorado  Bar  Association,  El 
Paso  County  Bar  Association,  Lawyer's 
Club,  New  York,  and  American  Institute  of 
Electrical  Engineers. 

Mr.  Curtis  married,  in  New  York  City, 
July  9,  1879,  Miss  Charlotte  Stanley,  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  M.  and  Phoebe  Hine  of  Connec- 
ticut. They  have  four  children:  Leonard 
Eager  Jr.,  Alfred  Stanley,  Elizabeth  Stanley, 
(married  to  Eric  A.  Swenson),  and  Helen 
Hope  (married  to  Albin  C.  Swenson). 


—247— 


CHARLES   MEIGS  SCHENCK. 


SCHENCK,  CHARLES  MEIGS,  general 
merchandise,  son  of  Washington  Lafaye- 
ette  (1825-1910)  and  Julia  (Bliss)  Schenck, 
was  born  January  3,  1850,  in  Franklin,  "SVar- 
ren  county,  Ohio.  The  Schencks  are  an  old 
Holland  family,  with  a  history  reaching  back 
to  the  Barons  von  Teutenburg,  A.  D.  880,  from 
which  a  branch,  known  as  the  Schencks  van 
Nydeck,  was  an  offshoot  in  1225.  The  immi- 


Niddegem;  born  at  Gosh,  1543;  Knight, 
Lord  of  Teutenburg,  free  lance  and  soldier 
of  fortune,  whose  adventurous  life  and 
tragic  death  at  the  night  attack  upon  the 
city  of  Nymegen,  August  10,  1589,  are  graph- 
ically described  by  Motley  in  his  history  of 
the  United  Netherlands. 

Koelof   Martense,   son   of  the   American 
progenitor   of  the  family,   born  at  Amers- 


CHARLES  MEIGS  SCHENCK 


grant  ancestor  of  Qharles  Meigs  Schenck  was 
Martin  Pieterse  Schenck  van  Nydeck,  born 
at  Doesburg,  Holland,  August  7,  1584,  who, 
with  his  sons,  Roelof  Martense  and  Jan,  and 
his  daughter,  Anetje,  arrived  at  Nieu  Am- 
sterdam, June  28,  1650,  on  the  ship  Vale- 
kener,  which  sailed  from  Holland  in  March 
of  that  year.  This  Martin  Pieterse  was  the 
nephew  of  General  Sir  Martin  Schenck  of 


foort,  Holland,  1619,  died  at  Flatlands,  Long 
Island,  New  York,  1704,  was  a  prominent 
official  on  Long  Island,  where  he  was  a  mag- 
istrate and  captain  of  horse  for  King's 
county.  He  married  Neeltje  Gerretsen  von 
Couwenhoven,  and  their  son,  Gerrit  Roelofse, 
married  Neeltje  Coerten  von  Yoorhees.  Ger- 
rit was  an  officer  in  the  provincial  militia, 
and  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  of 


—248— 


New  Jersey,  1721-1726,  and  died  September 
5, 1745.  His  son,  Koert  Gerretse  (1702-1771), 
a  native  of  New  Jersey,  married  Mary  Pe- 
terse  von  Couenhoven. 

The  Reverend  William  Schenck  (1740- 
1823),  next  in  line  of  descent,  was  graduated 
from  Nassau  Hall,  College  of  New  Jersey, 
now  Princeton  University,  in  1767 ;  was 
chaplain  in  the  army  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution, and  a  prominent  clergyman  in  the 
Presbyterian  Church.  He  married  Anna 
Cumming,  grand-daughter  of  Catherine  Van 
Brugh  Noble,  who  was  the  grand-daughter 
of  Johannes  Pieterse  Verbrugge  and  Catrina 
Roelofse  van  Maesterlandt.  Catrina 's  mother 
was  the  celebrated  Anneke  Jans,  a  name 
notorious  in  connection  with  the  Anneke 
Jans — sometimes  called  the  Bogardus — es- 
tate, consisting  of  sixty  acres  of  land,  in  the 
present  Trinity  Church  district  of  New  York 
City,  the  heirs  to  which  now  number  hun- 
dreds of  thousands. 

Garret  Alexander  (son  of  the  Reverend 
William  Schenck),  born  at  Pittsgrove,  New 
Jersey,  April  20,  1783,  died  at  Franklin, 
Ohio,  January  8,  1836,  married  Mary  Plume. 
He  and  his  brothers  were  distinguished  in 
the  early  history  of  Ohio.  His  brothers, 
William  C.  and  Peter  T.,  were  both  officers 
in  the  war  of  1812,  the  latter  losing  his  life 
in  the  service.  Another  brother,  William 
Rogers  Schenck,  was  killed  on  the  Santa  Fe 
Trail  with  the  late  General  Albert  Pike,  in 
1832.  Still  another  brother,  James  Findlay 
Schenck,  was  distinguished  in  the  navy,  from 
which  he  retired  as  rear  admiral  in  1869. 
Robert  Cumming  Schenck,  another  brother, 
served  several  terms  in  congress;  attained 
the  rank  of  major  general  in  the  civil  war; 
was  minister  to  Brazil,  1851-1853,  and  min- 
ister to  Great  Britain,  1871-1876. 

Washington  Lafayette  Schenck  (son  of 
Garret),  born  Franklin,  Ohio,  February  14, 
1825,  died  Topeka,  Kansas,  January  4,  1910, 
married  Julia  Bliss,  daughter  of  Joshua  and 
Nancy  Waldron  Bliss  of  Calais,  Vermont, 
and  they  were  the  parents  of  Charles  M. 
Schenck,  the  subject  of  this  sketch.  Wash- 
ington Lafayette  Schenck  was  one  of  the 
eminent  physicians  of  his  day ;  was  surgeon 
of  the  Seventeenth  Ohio  Volunteer  Infantry ; 
member,  American  Medical  Association, 
1852-1908,  and  its  first  vice-president  in  1888  ; 
was  president  Kansas  State  Medical  Society 
in  1877,  and  was  prominent  in  his  profession 
in  both  public  and  private  life.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion,  and  a  Knight  Templar. 

Charles  Meigs  Schenck  attended  the  pri- 


vate schools  at  Franklin,  Ohio,  and  Antioch 
College,  Ohio,  1868-1871,  leaving  college  at 
the  close  of  his  junior  year,  going  to  Bur- 
lington, Iowa,  where  he  resided  until  1881. 
In  1865,  he  was  clerk  in  the  provost  mar- 
shal's office,  at  Dayton,  Ohio,  and  clerk  in 
the  freight  office  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
and  Quincy  Railroad,  at  Burlington,  Iowa, 
1871-1872.  For  several  years  he  was  book- 
keeper, general  salesman,  cashier  and  vice- 
president  with  different  firms  in  the  dry 
goods  and  coal  business.  From  1884  to  1894, 
he  was  president  of  the  Western  Supply 
Company,  conducting  general  supply  stores 
in  Illinois  and  Iowa.  In  1884-1885,  he  was 
secretary  of  the  Ottumwa  and  Kirksville 
Railway;  secretary  and  general  auditor  of 
the  Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company,  Den- 
ver, Colorado,  1892-1893;  president,  the 
Colorado  and  Wyoming  Railway  Company, 
and  vice-president,  the  Crystal  River  Rail- 
road Company,  1902.  Since  1893,  he  has 
been  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Colorado 
Supply  Company,  which  operates  thirty  gen- 
eral merchandise  stores  in  Colorado  and 
Wyoming. 

Mr.  Schenck  always  took  an  active  part 
in  athletics,  and  especially  in  rowing  and 
sculling.  His  many  handsome  rowing  medals 
were  stolen  in  1908.  He  is  a  Knight  Tem- 
plar, thirty-second  degree  Scottish  Rite  Ma- 
son, and  a  Shriner;  is  a  member  of  the  Den- 
ver Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club ;  Minnequa 
Club,  Pueblo ;  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion ;  Colorado  Society,  Archaeological  In- 
stitute of  America  (executive  board,  and 
former  treasurer)  ;  Colorado  Traffic  Club, 
and  other  leading  societies  and  organiza- 
tions, including  the  First  Unitarian  Society 
of  Denver,  of  which  he  is  a  trustee  and  presi- 
dent of  the  board.  Mr.  Schenck  first  came 
to  Colorado  in  September,  1885. 

He  married,  September  8,  1875,  at  Belvi- 
dere,  Illinois,  Mary  Elizabeth,  daughter  of 
Albert  and  Elizabeth  Ellis  Stone,  who,  at 
an  early  day,  had  removed  from  Sharon, 
Massachusetts,  to  Illinois.  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Schenck  are  both  prominent  in  the  church 
and  social  life  of  the  city,  and  to  them  have 
been  born  the  following  children:  Julia 
(Mrs.  S.  B.  Foote,  Denver  Colorado)  ;  Mar- 
tha, graduate  of  Wellesley  College ;  Charles, 
deceased;  Paul  Albert,  graduate  of  Cornell 
University;  Gertrude  (Mrs.  H.  W.  Hockbaum 
of  Greeley),  who  was  a  student  at  the  Na- 
tional Park  Seminary,  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  is  a  graduate  of  the  State  Normal 
School,  Greeley,  Colorado;  and  Harriet,  de- 
ceased. 


—249— 


JULIUS  CALDEEN  GUNTER 


—250— 


JULIUS  CALDEEN  GUNTER. 


QUNTER,  JULIUS  CALDEEN,  lawyer, 
^^  born  in  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  October 
31,  1858,  is  the  son  of  Thomas  Monticue 
and  Marcella  (Jackson)  Gunter,  of  distin- 
guished southern  lineage.  His  father, 
Thomas  M.  Gunter,  was  born  in  Middle  Ten- 
nessee, September  18,  1826,  received  a  classi- 
cal education,  and  was  graduated  from  Irv- 
ing College  in  1850.  He  then  studied  law 
and  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Fayetteville,  Ark.,  in  1853,  and 
soon  became  eminent  at  the  bar,  and  a  polit- 
ical leader  in  his  state.  He  served  in  the 
confederate  army,  and  was  colonel  of  the 
Thirteenth  Arkansas  Volunteers,  making  the 
record  of  a  brave  and  gallant  officer.  At  the 
close  of  the  civil  war,  Colonel  Gunter  re- 
sumed the  practice  of  the  law,  in  Fayette- 
ville. He  was  a  distinguished  orator  of  that 
state,  having  taken  a  prominent  part  in  the 
proceedings  of  the  state  convention  of  1861, 
of  which  he  was  a  member.  From  1866  to 
1868,  he  was  prosecuting  attorney,  bringing 
into  display  that  forensic  ability  which  so 
distinguished  him  later  in  the  halls  of  con- 
gress. 

Colonel  Gunter  was  elected  to  congress, 
successfully  contesting  the  seat  of  W.  W. 
AVilshire,  in  the  Forty-third  Congress,  re- 
ceiving his  seat  June  16,  1874.  Colonel 
Gunter  was  a  democrat,  and  was  re-elected 
to  the  Forty-fourth,  Forty-fifth,  Forty-sixth 
and  Forty-seventh  congresses,  ably  repre- 
senting his  district  in  northwestern  Arkan- 
sas, for  ten  years  in  the  national  house  of 
representatives. 

Julius  C.  Gunter,  the  son,  through  his 
mother,  Marcella  Jackson,  is  descended  from 
the  illustrious  McCreary  family  of  Kentucky. 
She  died  in  Fayetteville,  Arkansas,  in  1859. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Virginia,  taking  the  classical  course.  He 
then  entered  the  law  department,  but  before 
graduating  therefrom,  he  was  compelled  to 
discontinue  his  legal  studies,  owing  to  ill 
health.  In  1880,  he  came  to  Colorado,  and, 


with  restored  health,  applied  for  examina- 
tion, and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Sep- 
tember, 1881.  He  entered  upon  the  practice 
of  the  law  in  Trinidad,  which  for  several 
years  was  his  Colorado  residence.  He  be- 
came judge  of  the  Third  Judicial  District 
of  Colorado,  in  January,  1889,  for  a  term  of 
six  years.  Judge  Gunter  then  resumed  and 
continued  his  law  practice  until  appointed 
by  Governor  J.  B.  Orman  a  member  of  the 
Colorado  State  Court  of  Appeals.  Later, 
upon  the  union  of  this  court  with  the  su- 
preme bench,  Judge  Gunter  became  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Colorado  Supreme  Court,  and 
after  filling  this  position  with  honor  to  him- 
self and  the  state,  he  resumed  the  practice 
of  the  law,  and  also  conducting  the  several 
successful  business  enterprises  in  which  he 
is  interested.  As  a  judge,  he  was  fearless, 
as  he  was  just,  and  throughout  the  state  and 
the  west  he  ranks  pre-eminent  as  a  lawyer 
and  a  jurist  and  a  gentleman  of  the  highest 
personal  integrity. 

In  the  state  campaign  of  1910,  Chief  Jus- 
tice Steele,  who  had  been  re-nominated  by 
the  democrats  for  that  office,  died  before 
election,  and  a  bitter  political  feud  in  the 
party  was  developed,  as  to  who  should  be 
placed  on  the  ticket  to  fill  this  vacancy  in 
the  nomination.  Judge  Gunter  was  unani- 
mously selected  and  his  name  placed  on  the 
democratic  state  ticket  for  the  supreme 
court.  This  political  feud  and  split  in  his 
party  caused  the  defeat  of  Judge  Gunter  and 
most  of  the  democratic  state  ticket.  Under 
the  peculiar  conditions  that  came  up  which 
brought  defeat,  Judge  Gunter  made  a  splen- 
did campaign,  and  came  out  of  the  fight 
with  an  honorable  career  untarnished,  and 
he  still  remains  a  political  leader  in  the  fore- 
front of  his  party. 

Judge  Gunter  married,  in  Trinidad,  April 
30,  1884,  Miss  Elizabeth,  the  accomplished 
daughter  of  S.  T.  and  Anna  (Bryan)  Brown 
of  that  city,  but  they  now  make  Denver 
their  home. 


—251— 


FRANK  NEWTON  BRIGGS 


—252- 


FRANK  NEWTON  BRIGGS. 


TDRIGGS  FRANK  NEWTON,  banker  and 
•*•*  financier,  was  born  at  Wilton  Junction, 
Muscatine  county,  Iowa,  September  21,  1859, 
the  son  of  Elija  Clark  and  Rachael  J. 
(Byers)  Briggs.  His  father  was  born  in 
Vermont  in  1831  and  died  at  Wilton  Junc- 
tion, Iowa,  in  1861.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Moses  and  Mary  (Branden- 
burg) Byers.  Honorable  Wm.  N.  Byers,  a 
pioneer  of  Denver  and  the  founder  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  News,  was  his  uncle. 

Mr.  Briggs  received  his  only  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  Iowa,  being  early 
compelled  to  devote  nearly  all  of  his  time 
to  wage  earning  in  order  to  help  support  a 
widowed  mother  with  her  other  three  child- 
ren. He  worked  on  the  farms  around  Wash- 
ington, Iowa,  during  several  summers  and 
in  1879  he  was  offered  a  position  in  the  Den- 
ver postoffice  at  $500  per  year.  He  was  then 
nineteen  years  of  age  and  having  never  re- 
ceived more  than  $11  or  $12  per  month,  this 
seemed  a  very  liberal  salary  and  he  imme- 
diately accepted  the  position.  He  was  com- 
pelled to  borrow  $70  from  friends  to  buy 
his  railroad  ticket  and  equipment  for  the 
trip  to  Denver,  and  reached  here  on  April 
30,  1879. 

He  early  displayed  an  abundance  of 
energy  and  determination,  traits  of  charac- 
ter in  a  young  man  that  always  give  promise 
of  success  and  honors,  and  the  way  young 
Briggs  grappled  with  difficulties  offers  a 
striking  example  to  the  younger  generation 
of  what  may  be  achieved  by  the  application 
of  these  desirable  traits. 

In  1883  he  resigned  his  position  in  the 
Denver  postoffice  where,  at  that  time,  he  was 
Chief  of  City  Distribution  and  Superintend- 
ent of  Letter  Carriers,  and  went  over  into 
Grand  county,  Colorado,  where  he  soon  estab- 
lished himself  in  a  general  merchandise  busi- 
ness in  partnership  with  his  cousin,  Frank 
S.  Byers. 

Mr.  Briggs  was  appointed  postmaster  at 
Hot  Sulphur  Springs  and  in  1886  he  was 
elected  County  Judge  of  Grand  county  and 
served  for  a  full  term.  From  1896  to  1902 
he  was  the  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Vic- 
tor Daily  Record  at  Victor,  Colorado.  This 
was  during  the  boom  days  of  Cripple  Creek 
District,  and  he  was  one  of  the  most  promi- 
nent factors  in  the  business  and  political 
life  of  the  district  during  those  exciting 
days. 

Mr.   Briggs   served   as   chairman  of  the 


Silver  Republican  Party  and  the  Republican 
Party  of  Teller  County  for  several  years 
and  was  prominent  in  state  politics  during 
that  time,  since  when  he  lias  taken  no  dis- 
tinctively active  part  in  politics. 

In  1902  he  sold  the  Victor  Record  and 
established  himself  in  the  banking  business 
in  Grand  county,  just  ahead  of  the  advent 
of  the  Moffat  Railroad.  He  acquired  all  of 
the  right-of-way  for  the  railroad  through 
Grand  county  and  acted  as  its  financial  and 
confidential  agent  for  several  years.  He 
established  the  Bank  of  Grand  County,  the 
Bank  of  Kremmling,  and  the  Fraser  Valley 
Bank.  These  were  the  first  banks  ever  or- 
ganized in  Grand  county.  He  acted  as  cash- 
ier of  the  Bank  of  Grand  County  for  several 
years  and  was  later  elected  president. 

May  1,  1908,  Mr.  Briggs  was  elected  to 
the  cashiership  of  the  Interstate  Savings 
Bank,  and  moved  to  Denver.  The  growth 
of  the  bank  was  so  marked  and  its  pros- 
perity was  so  satisfactory  to  the  stockholders 
that  he  was  elected  president  in  January, 
1911. 

In  1909,  Mr.  Briggs  organized  the  first 
bank  in  Englewood,  Colorado,  and  called  it 
the  Arapahoe  State  Bank.  This  was  con- 
verted into  the  First  National  Bank  of  Engle- 
wood in  December,  1910,  and  he  was  elected 
president,  building  up  a  strong  financial  in- 
stitution. 

Every  enterprise  in  which  Mr.  Briggs  has 
been  actively  identified  has  had  wonderful 
prosperity  and  financial  success.  No  obsta- 
cles were  too  great  for  him  to  overcome  in 
the  performance  of  his  duties,  no  matter 
under  what  auspices. 

Mr.  Briggs  is  a  member  of  Union  Lodge 
No.  7,  Ancient  Free  and  Accepted  Masons, 
and  also  of  Colorado  Chapter  No.  29,  Royal 
Arch  Masons.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Colo- 
rado Traffic  Club  and  also  the  Central  Pres- 
byterian Church. 

He  is  well  known  in  social,  as  well  as 
business  circles,  being  of  a  genial,  sociable 
nature,  and  is  among  the  strongest  and 
most  loyal  "boosters"  of  Denver  and  Colo- 
rado and  has  ever  been  ready  with  funds  and 
otherwise,  to  assist  in  any  cause  to  further 
the  interests  of  both. 

Mr.  Briggs  was  married  in  1888  at  Wash- 
ington, Iowa,  to  Miss  Nannie  Eyestone.  Her 
father  was  W.  J.  Eyestone,  now  dead.  They 
have  no  children. 


—253— 


DAVID  DUFF  SEERIE 


—254— 


DAVID  DUFF  SEERIE. 


CEERIE,  DAVID  DUFF,  contractor,  manu- 
^  facturer,  born  in  Scotland,  March  11,  1862, 
is  the  son  of  Edward  (now  72  years  of  age), 
and  Margaret  (Duff)  Seerie,  who  has  reached 
the  age  of  69  years.  He  was  educated  in  the 
common  schools  of  Scotland,  and  coming  to 
Denver  in  1880,  worked  at  his  trade  as  a 
stone  cutter.  From  a  small  beginning,  Mr. 
Seerie  has  worked  up  a  large  business,  until 
he  has  become  not  only  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  of  Colorado,  but  also  of  the 
entire  middle  west.  Thrift,  energy,  backed 
faith  in  himself  and  good  executive  ability, 
together  with  a  quick  insight  into  the  future 
and  possibilities  of  Colorado,  were  all  utilized 
by  him,  in  reaching  his  well  deserved  success. 

After  obtaining  a  start,  he  became  associated 
in  1885,  with  William  F.  Geddis  in  the  con- 
tracting business  under  the  firm  name  of 
Geddis  &  Seerie.  His  partner,  also  one  of 
the  prominent  men  of  the  state,  and  with 
whom  he  has  been  associated  for  many  years, 
has,  with  Mr.  Seerie,  been  engaged  in  some 
of  the  largest  and  most  important  construc- 
tion work  in  the  west.  The  firm  soon  es- 
tablished a  reputation  that  stands  second  to 
none,  and  obtained  many  large  and  responsi- 
ble contracts.  So  successful  was  the  firm 
that  later  they  confined  their  operations  only 
to  large  contracts. 

They  built  the  Cheesman  Dam,  for  the 
Denver  Water  Company.  This  dam,  with 
the  exception  of  the  new  Roosevelt  dam,  is 
the  largest  in  the  world.  It  contains  the 
large  Denver  water  supply,  and  in  its  con- 
struction, may  well  be  considered  one  of  the 
wonders  of  the  west.  Engineers  from  all 
parts  of  the  world,  have  favorably  commented 
on  its  massive  structure,  solidity  and  safety 
of  construction,  as  a  gigantic  piece  of  work 
that  has  been  well  and  substantially  built. 
This  feat  alone  is  sufficient  to  establish  for 
them  a  lasting  and  permanent  reputation  of 
the  highest  character.  They  also  constructed 
the  large  Pathfinder  Dam  in  Wyoming. 

A  lasting  'monument  to  the  well  deserved 
reputation  of  Geddis  &  Seerie  is  the  State 


Capitol  Building,  which  they  constructed, 
the  most  imposing  structure  in  Denver  or  the 
Rocky  Mountain  region.  To  their  list  of 
building  achievements,  must  also  be  added 
the  Brown  Palace  Hotel  in  Denver.  Branch- 
ing out  into  other  fields,  they  built  the  Omaha 
Post  Office. 

There  followed  a  period  of  dull  times  after 
the  financial  depression  of  a  few  years  ago, 
and  large  contracts,  which  they  only  desired 
to  take,  being  scarce,  contract  work  in  this 
section  was  discontinued,  and  here  they  have 
branched  into  a  new  line  and  avenue  of  em- 
ployment in  building  up  the  Denver 
Sewer  Pipe  &  Clay  Company  of  which  they 
are  the  owners.  This  is  one  of  the  largest 
plants  in  the  west,  and  the  same  success  has 
followed  them  in  this  newer  enterprise.  The 
firm  manufactures  brick  and  sewer  pipe, 
and  their  plant  has  developed  into  a  vast 
enterprise  that  covers  twenty-five  acres  and 
employs  270  men,  one  of  the  largest  payrolls 
in  Denver,  being  as  it  is,  one  of  the  leading 
manufacturing  establishments  in  the  city. 

Mr.  Seerie  now,  has  no  outside  interests, 
is  public  spirited,  and  is  a  booster,  which,  in 
fact,  he  has  been  since  he  came  to  Denver  in 
1880,  for  the  faith  he  then  had  in  the  future 
and  resources  of  Colorado,  has  been  a  promi- 
nent feature  of  his  own  success. 

Mr.  Seerie  was  the  last  sheriff  of  old 
Arapahoe  county,  filling  the  office  with  ability 
and  carrying  into  it  the  good  common  sense 
methods  he  had  used  in  private  business. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Public 
Works  for  two  years.  He  is  a  32nd  degree 
Mason;  Knight  Templar;  Past  Potentate 
El  Jebel  Temple,  Mystic  Shrine;  Elk;  Odd 
Fellow;  and  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club, 
Overland  Club,  Country  Club,  and  the  Denver 
Athletic  Club. 

He  married  in  1887,  Margaret  Price,  born 
in  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  and  an  early  resident  of 
Boulder,  the  ceremony  being  performed  in 
the  Methodist  Church,  14th  and  Lawrence 
Sts.,  Denver,  Colorado.  She  died  in  1906. 
They  had  no  childrei. 


-255— 


MAXIMILIAN  KUNER. 


UNER,  MAXIMILIAN,  for  many  years 
president  of  the  Kuner  Pickle  Com- 
pany, has  been  the  grand  old  man  in  the 
business  world  of  Denver  and  Colorado.  At 


"Max"  Kuner  has  occupied  a  prominent 
place.  His  genius  for  organization,  as  evi- 
denced in  his  own  business,  is  recognized  by 
his  fellow  citizens  and  demands  upon  his 


MAXIMILIAN  KUNER 


the  age  of  eighty-seven  he  still  devotes  a 
good  part  of  each  working  day  to  the  multi- 
farious duties  of  the  important  industry  h 
has  developed  and  now,  as  always,  he  is  ever 
ready  to  take  off  his  coat  and  go  to  work 
for  the  common  good  of  the  city  of  his  adop- 
tion. 

In  every  enterprise  of  a  public  character 


time  and  energy  naturally  follow. 

The  Colorado  Manufacturers'  Associa- 
tion, organized  in  1906,  is  the  growth  of 
"Max"  Kuner 's  brain.  The  prime  object 
of  this  organization  is  to  furnish  mutual  pro- 
tection and  assistance  to  the  shippers  of  the 
state.  Mr.  Kuner  had  felt  the  burden  of  un- 
just freight  rates  and  with  characteristic 


—256— 


vigor  and  wisdom  he  set  about  to  secure  re- 
dress of  the  evils  from  which  he  was  suf- 
fering. 

The  plans  proposed  at  the  meeting  of 
shippers,  who  assembled  in  response  to  the 
call  signed  by  Mr.  Kuner,  C.  D.  Griffith  and 
others,  were  immediately  adopted  and  the 
Manufacturers'  Association  sprang  into  be- 
ing. This  organization,  though  onlv  five 
years  old,  is  easily  the  most  influential  as- 
sociation of  business  men  in  the  state. 
Through  their  agency  millions  of  dollars' 
worth  of  merchandise  is  routed  over  the  dif- 
ferent roads  of  Colorado  every  year. 

The  story  of  ' '  Max ' '  Kuner 's  life  is  a  ro- 
mance of  struggle,  disappointment,  adver- 
sity and  finally  successful  achievement.  It 
is  a  page  whereon  is  written  the  evidence 
that  unconquerable  spirit  and  sturdy  deter- 
mination will  win  their  reward,  just  as  sure- 
ly as  water  runs  down  hill. 

Maximilian  Kuner  was  born  December  4, 
1824,  at  Lindau,  Bavaria,  son  of  Rudolph 
and  Mary  (Von  Schelhorn)  Kuner.  His 
father  died  at  Marshalltown,  Iowa.  At  the 
age  of  23  he  came  to  this  country  in  com- 
pany with  four  brothers  and  landed  at  New 
Orleans.  After  varying  vicissitudes  he  final- 
ly settled  at  Vicksburg  and  began  work  at 
his  trade  of  watchmaking. 

In  a  few  years  he  had  acquired  a  profit- 
able business.  He  was  prosperous  and  hap- 
py in  the  new  country.  Then  came  the  civil 
conflict  that  divided  north  and  south  and  in 
one  day  Mr.  Kuner  saw  the  results  of  thirty 
years  of  untiring  industry  swept  away.  The 
siege  of  Vicksburg  left  him  practically  pen- 
niless. 

After  the  war  he  moved  to  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  engaging  in  the  pickle  business, 
and  was  instrumental  in  his  brother,  J.  C. 
Kuner,  beginning  the  same  kind  of  business 
in  Denver.  He  reached  the  city  in  1886  and 
then  at  the  age  of  sixty-two,  when  most  men 
are  beginning  to  settle  down  to  the  peace 
and  quiet  of  an  advancing  old  age,  he  took 
in  renewed  draughts  of  the  fountain  of 
youth,  and  began  the  foundations  of  another 
fortune  and  of  a  more  successful  career  than 
he  had  yet  enjoyed. 

In  1872,  J.  C.  Kuner,  a  brother,  had 
started  the  Kuner  Pickle  Company  in  Den- 
ver. When  "Max"  Kuner  became  connect- 
ed with  the  business  in  1886  it  was  organized 
into  a  corporation  with  a  capitalization  of 
sixty  thousand  dollars.  Two  years  later,  J. 
C.  Kuner  retired  from  business  and  "Max" 
Kuner  became  president  and  general  mana- 
ger. 


Under  his  capable  direction  the  business 
increased  rapidly.  The  capital  stock  was 
increased  in  1893  to  one  hundred  thousand 
dollars  and  greater  territory  was  added  to 
the  area  already  covered. 

At  the  present  time  the  Kuner  Pickle 
Company  does  an  annual  business  of  over 
four  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  supplies 
the  trade  in  all  the  western  states,  agents 
traveling  for  the  house  in  Colorado,  Utah, 
Wyoming,  Montana,  New  Mexico  and  Texas. 
The  principal  factory  is  located  at  Denver, 
with  branch  factories  at  Brighton,  Platts- 
ville  and  Greeley. 

The  business  has  an  annual  payroll  of 
eighty  thousand  dollars  and  furnishes  em- 
ployment for  one  hundred  persons  and  there 
are  about  one  thousand  depending  upon  the 
industry  for  support.  Thus  from  a  small  be- 
ginning has  been  built  up  under  "Max" 
Kuner 's  energy  and  straight  business  meth- 
ods one  of  the  leading  organizations  in  the 
industry  in  this  country. 

The  principal  products  of  manufacture 
are  pickles,  tomato  catsups,  baked  beans  and 
various  condiments.  Besides  providing  em- 
ployment for  a  goodly  number  the  firm  ex- 
pends large  sums  of  money  yearly  among 
the  farmers  and  vegetable  raisers  of  the 
state,  from  whom  the  materials  are  pur- 
chased. 

Mr.  Kuner  is  the  type  of  splendid  citizen- 
ship which  constitutes  a  city's  real  great- 
ness. Any  movement  making  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  Denver  or  Colorado  has  had 
his  enthusiastic  support.  He  is  an  active 
member  of  the  Denver  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, serving  for  many  years  on  the  board 
of  directors.  He  was  one  of  the  organizers 
of  the  Colorado  Manufacturers'  Association 
and  the  Traffic  Club.  Mr.  Kuner  has  also  at- 
tained a  high  degree  in  Masonic  circles. 

Mr.  Kuner  was  married  at  New  Orleans, 
November  11,  1856,  to  Susan  Rectanaus,  of 
New  Orleans.  His  home  life  has  been  an 
ideal  one,  and  without  doubt  has  been  an  in- 
spiration for  the  success  he  has  enjoyed. 
Now,  after  a  lifetime  of  conscientious  effort, 
not  the  least  of  his  blessings  is  the  sight  of 
his  children  and  their  children's  children 
growing  up  about  him. 

Five  daughters  were  born  to  Mr.  Kuner. 
There  are  seven  grandchildren,  all  boys,  and 
four  great  grandchildren,  all  girls.  Mr. 
Kuner 's  daughters  are  Mrs.  L.  E.  Wether- 
bee  of  Brighton,  Mrs.  E.  Meyer,  Mrs.  L.  W. 
Waters,  Miss  Katherine  Kuner  and  Miss 
Mary  Kuner.  His  grandson,  Karl  Kuner 
Meyer,  is  associated  with  him  in  business. 


—257— 


ADOLPH  HERMAN  JOSEPH  COORS 


—258— 


ADOLPH  HERMAN  JOSEPH  COORS. 


OORS,  ADOLPH  HERMAN  JOSEPH, 
born  at  Barmen,  Rhein  provinz,  Prussia, 
February  4,  1847,  is  the  son  of  Johann 
Joseph  and  Helena  (Hein)  Coors.  His 
father,  a  trade  miller,  was  born  February 
25,  1816,  at  Brakel,  Westphalia,  Prussia,  and 
died  November  24,  1862,  at  Dortmund.  His 
mother,  Helena  Hein,  born  November  20, 
1816,  at  Barmen,  died  April  2,  1862,  at  Dort- 
mund, Westphalia,  Prussia. 

Mr.  Coors  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  at  Barmen  and  Dortmund.  He  was 
apprenticed  in  the  book  and  stationery  store 
of  Andrea  &  Company,  Ruhrort,  Prussia, 
from  November,  1860,  until  June  4,  1862. 

Mr.  Coors  then  became  interested  in  the 
work  of  the  brewers,  in  which  line  he  later 
became  a  prominent  manufacturer.  From 
July  1,  1862,  until  May,  1867,  he  was  with 
Heinrich  Wenker,  brewer,  Dortmund,  as 
clerk  and  apprentice  the  first  three  years, 
and  then  worked  there  as  a  brewer  until 
May,  1867.  During  the  following  year  he 
traveled  through  Germany,  working  at  his 
trade  in  Cassel,  Berlin  and  Uelzen.  Emigrat- 
ing from  Hamburg,  he  settled  in  Chicago 
the  latter  part  of  May,  1868.  During  that 
summer  he  worked  at  his  trade  in  that  city; 
and  the  winter  following  was  employed  with 
pick  and  shovel  on  the  Chicago  Canal,  and 
later  as  fireman.  He  worked  as  an  appren- 
tice bricklayer  and  stonecutter  during  the 
next  spring  and  summer. 

Mr.  Coors  then  returned  to  the  brewery 
business,  and  from  August  11,  1869,  until 
January  22,  1872,  was  brewery  foreman  at 
Naperville,  Illinois.  Coming  to  Denver  in 


April,  1872,  he  was  employed  as  a  gardener 
for  about  a  month.  In  June  he  started  in 
the  bottling  business,  continuing  in  the  same 
until  October,  1873.  Mr.  Coors  then  re- 
moved to  Golden,  Colorado,  where  he  es- 
tablished a  brewery,  with  Jacob  Schueler 
as  a  partner.  After  the  purchase  of  a  site, 
a  small  building  was  erected.  Succeeding  in 
business  the  plant  was  gradually  enlarged 
until  it  became  one  of  the  largest  and  best 
equipped  in  the  state.  In  1880  Mr.  Coors 
purchased  his  partner's  interest,  continuing 
the  business  and  making  still  further  ad- 
ditions and  improvements.  In  July,  1909, 
he  admitted  his  son,  Adolph,  Jr.,  as  a  part- 
ner. 

From  the  successful  merchant  and  busi- 
ness man,  he,  with  increase  of  wealth,  began 
to  invest  also  in  other  enterprises,  and  in 
time  became  one  of  the  most  prosperous  men 
in  the  commercial  history  of  Colorado.  He 
is  now  also  especially  interested  in  the 
United  States  Portland  Cement  Company, 
of  which  he  is  the  president,  the  concern 
owning  and  operating  extensive  works  at 
Concrete,  Colorado. 

Mr.  Coors  is  one  of  that  fine  type  of  Ger- 
mans who  have  become  prominent  in  the 
history  of  Colorado.  He  married  April  12, 
1879,  Louise  Magdalena  Weber,  born  July 
28,  1861,  whose  parents  still  reside  in  Den- 
ver. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Coors  have  six  children: 
Louise  Magdalena,  born  March  2,  1880 ; 
Auguste  Marie,  born  December  26,  1881 ; 
Adolph  Joseph,  born  January  12,  1884 ; 
Bertha  Clara,  born  June  24,  1886.  Grover 
Cleveland,  born  October  20,  1888;  Herman 
Frederick,  born  July  20,  1890. 


-259— 


FREDERICK  FREDOLIN  NEEF 


—260  — 


FREDERICK   FREDOLIN  NEEF. 


XTEEF,  FREDERICK  FREDOLIN, 
•^  brewer,  son  of  Rudolph  and  Paulina 
(Ambruster)  Neef,  was  born  at  Wolfach  in  the 
Black  Forest,  Baden,  Germany,  March  6, 
1847.  His  grandfather,  Louis  Neef  for  many 
years  engaged  in  the  meat  business  in  Baden, 
was  a  captain  in  the  army,  served  with  Na- 
poleon in  his  Moscow  campaign,  and  was 
severely  wounded  during  his  military  career. 
His  son,  Rudolph  (1821-1884)  was  one  of  the 
most  prominent  business  men  of  his  section, 
being  an  extensive  dealer  in  real  estate,  cattle 
and  horses,  and  for  several  years  was  mayor 
of  Wolfach.  His  wife,  Paulina,  born  in  1826, 
died  in  1880.  He  married  twice,  and  died 
at  the  age  of  65.  He  was  the  originator  of  the 
Kiefernadeln  oil  (the  original  St.  Jacob's 
Oil)  which  he  manufactured  from  certain 
pine  tree  needles,  from  which  St.  Jacob's  oil 
has  been  produced,  the  two  being  alike,  ex- 
cept that  the  American  product  has  coal  for 
its  principal  ingredient. 

His  son,  Frederick  Neef  was  educated  in 
the  common  schools  of  Wolfach,  and  the 
gymnasium,  and  after  coming  to  the  United 
States,  attended  the  night  school  of  the 
Mound  City  Commercial  College,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  Mr.  Neef  speaks,  reads  and  writes 
English,  German,  French,  Italian  and  Span- 
ish. At  the  age  of  17,  he  became  a  clerk  in 
the  Credit  Lyonaise,  at  Lyons,  France,  one 
of  the  largest  banking  firms  of  that  country. 
Later  he  was  a  traveling  salesman  and  then 
assistant  manager  for  a  house  in  Lyons,  car- 
rying on  an  extensive  raw  silk  business,  their 


annual  trade  being  from  15,000,000  francs  to 
25,000,000  francs. 

Mr.  Neef  came  to  the  United  States  in 
1871,  settling  in  St.  Louis.  His  uncle,  Fredo- 
lin  Neef,  who  immigrated  to  this  country 
in  1848,  a  union  soldier  in  the  civil  war  and 
a  member  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic, 
died  in  Denver  in  1903,  having  made  his 
home  with  Max  Neef  for  a  number  of  years. 

On  his  arrival  in  1871  in  St.  Louis,  he  was 
engaged  for  a  year  by  a  wholesale  wall  paper 
firm,  and  later  was  bookkeeper  and  salesman 
for  a  large  wholesale  house  in  Omaha,  and 
came  to  Denver  in  1873.  With  his  brother, 
Maximilian,  the  firm  of  Fred  Neef  &  Brother 
was  established,  and  in  1891,  purchased  the 
Western  Brewery,  changing  the  name  to  the 
Neef  Brothers  Brewery,  an  extensive  estab- 
lishment, that  has  built  up  a  large  trade 
throughout  the  west.  He  started  in  Denver 
with  a  capital  of  $300,  and  in  a  few  years  was 
conducting  a  business  involving  hundreds 
of  thousands  of  dollars.  In  addition  to  the 
brewery,  Mr.  Neef  has  other  extensive  in- 
terests and  has  become  one  of  the  wealthy 
men  of  the  state,  through  his  energy,  pluck, 
and  perseverance.  He  is  a  man  of  fine  ex- 
ecutive ability. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Turnverein;  the 
Denver  Athletic  Club,  and  the  Elks.  He 
married  in  Denver,  in  1877,\  Miss  Carrie 
Weigele  a  native  of  Indiana,  and  sister  of 
William  Weigele  of  this  city.  Of  the  five 
children  born  to  them,  one  only  is  living, 
Emil,  who  is  enaged  in  business  with  his 
father. 


—261  — 


JAMES  JOSEPH  BROWN 


—262— 


JAMES  JOSEPH    BROWN7. 


"DROWN,  JAMES  JOSEPH,  mining,  born 
••-'  in  Wymart,  Wayne  county,  Pa.,  Sep.  27, 
1854,  is  the  son  of  John  and  Cecelia  (Pal- 
mer) Brown.  His  father  came  from  Ireland 
to  Canada,  and  removing  to  Pa.  in  1848,  there 
met  Miss  Palmer,  a  school  teacher,  who  be- 
came his.  wife. 

Both  in  his  education,  and  in  his  business, 
Mr.  Brown  worked  his  way  up  to  the  front. 
Resolved  upon  obtaining  an  education,  but 
without  the  opportunity  presented  in  the 
regular  way,  he  attended  night  school  in  his 
native  state.  Then,  the  mining  excitements  in 
the  Black  Hills,  Leadville  and  other  points  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  lured  him  to  the  west, 
where,  in  these  after  years,  he  became  known 
as  one  of  its  most  prosperous  and  successful 
miners.  In  1877,  he  followed  the  excitement 
and  rush  to  the  Black  Hills,  in  the  Dakotas, 
in  the  old  time  rough  days  of  mining  in  that 
region,  so  often  interspersed  with  Indian 
raids,  and  the  many  dangers  of  the  frontier. 
Here  he  was  engaged  in  placer  and  other  min- 
ing enterprises. 

About  this  time,  the  great  carbonate  ex- 
citement, that  was  attracting  world-wide  at- 
tention, also  induced  him  to  try  his  fortune 
in  Colorado,  and,  coming  to  this  state  in  1880, 
he  engaged  in  mining  in  Georgetown,  Lead- 
ville, and  other  places.  He  became  especially 
known,  as  well  as  interested,  in  Leadville, 
but  for  a  time,  followed  the  rush  to  the  Gun- 
nison,  in  the  mining  boom  of  the  western 
slope.  During  this  period,  he  spent  two  years 
in  Aspen  and  Ashcroft. 

Appreciative  of  his  mining  ability  and 
skill  as  well  as  his  good  judgment,  David  H. 
Moffat  and  Eben  Smith,  added  his  name  to 
their  list  of  practical  operators.  He  was  in 
their  employ  about  fourteen  years,  enjoying 


their  trust  and  confidence,  engaged  in  some 
of  their  largest  enterprises,  and  assisting  in 
the  development  of  their  most  valuable  min- 
ing properties.  His  services  were  especially 
in  demand  by  his  employers  in  exploiting 
and  directing  underground  developments. 
He  had  a  special  genius  for  practical  and  eco- 
nomic geology,  having  charge  of  this  phase 
of  the  mining  where  these  wealthy  owners  had 
interests.  But  all  this  time,  he  was  only  mak- 
ing fortunes  for  others,  and  concluded  to  use 
his  experience  in  building  up  a  wealth  that 
would  be  his  own. 

Resigning  from  the  Moffat  and  Smith  in- 
terests in  1894,  and  coming  to  Denver  in 
that  year,  he  started  out  in  business  for  him- 
self, making  this  city  his  home  and  family 
residence,  while  he  engaged  in  mining  in 
Leadville  and  elsewhere.  He  gave  Creede 
its  first  big  and  healthy  boom,  when  he  in- 
fluenced Moffat  and  others  to  invest  in  that 
new  camp. 

Mr.  Brown  is  a  director  and  one  of  the 
heavy  owners  in  the  Ibex  Mining  Company, 
better  known  as  the  Little  Johnny.  Several 
but  unsuccessful  efforts  had  been  made  to 
develop  this  now  rich  mining  property  near 
Leadville.  Mr.  Brown  undertook  the  task 
for  himself,  found  the  rich  ores,  enlisted  cap- 
ital, and  thus  became  one  of  Colorado's 
wealthy  mine  owners.  He  is  also  developing 
valuable  mining  interests  in  Arizona  and  the 
southwest. 

He  is  a  life  member  of  both  the  Leadville 
Elks,  and  the  Denver  Athletic  Club  in  Denver. 

Mr.  Brown  married  in  Leadville,  in  1886, 
Miss  Margaret  Tobin.  They  have  two  chil- 
dren, a  son,  Lawrence  P.,  and  a  daughter, 
Helen.  The  son  is  now  mining  at  Cripple 
Creek. 


—263— 


LEONARD  HENRY  EICHOLTZ 


—264- 


HENRY  LEONARD  EICHOLTZ. 


pICHOLTZ,  COLONEL  LEONARD 
•"•^  HENRY,  railroad  engineer,  was  born  in 
the  city  of  Lancaster,  Lancaster  county, 
Pennsylvania,  April  23,  1827,  being  the  old- 
est son  of  Henry  and  Elizabeth  Eicholtz. 
The  family  is  of  German  origin,  his  great- 
grandfather, Jacob  Eicholtz,  leaving  the 
Palatine,  Germany,  and  coming  to  Pennsyl- 
vania, where  he  settled  in  Lancaster  county, 
in  1733. 

Colonel  Eicholtz  was  educated  at  the 
Moravian  Academy  at  Lititz,  situated  in  Lan- 
caster county,  graduating  from  that  institu- 
tion as  a  civil  engineer.  After  his  gradu- 
ation he  moved  with  his  father  to  Downing- 
town,  Chester  county,  and  in  1852,  began 
his  active  practical  work  with  a  corps  of  en- 
gineers employed  by  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road and  remained  with  that  company  until 
1854,  when  he  accepted  a  position  with  the 
Philadelphia  and  Erie  Railroad  Company. 

In  1857,  he  joined  an  engineering  party, 
of  which  Mr.  John  C.  Trautwine  of  Phila- 
delphia was  chief  engineer,  and  went  to  Hon- 
duras, Central  America,  and  had  charge  of 
a  party  surveying  a  line  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific  Ocean  for  the  Interoceanic 
Railway  Company.  On  completion  of  this 
work,  in  the  summer  of  1858,  the  party  re- 
turned to  New  York  and  Colonel  Eicholtz 
returned  to  the  Philadelphia  and  Erie  Rail- 
road. 

Shortly  after  the  outbreak  of  the  civil 
war,  he  entered  the  government  service  as 
assistant  engineer  of  military  railroads  in 
the  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  serving 
under  General  Sherman,  in  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  railroads  destroyed  by  the  two  armies 
during  Sherman's  campaign  in  Tennessee 
and  Georgia  and  in  the  memorable  march  of 
Sherman  from  Chattanooga  to  Atlanta,  and 
left  the  service  in  1866  as  acting  chief  engi- 
neer of  military  railroads  of  the  Division  of 
the  Mississippi. 

In  the  fall  of  1866,  Colonel  Eicholtz  was 
appointed  resident  engineer  of  the  Kansas, 
Pacific  Railway  Company,  with  headquarters 
at  "Wyandotte,  Kansas,  and  during  the  next 
two  years  conducted  the  survey  of  the  thirty- 
second  parallel  through  Colorado,  New  Mex- 
ico, Arizona  and  California,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  General  William  J.  Palmer  and  Colo- 
nel TV.  W.  Wright. 

In    1868,    returning   from    California    by 


way  of  Panama,  he  was  engaged  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway  Company  as  superin- 
tendent of  bridge  building  and  remained 
with  that  road  until  it  made  its  connection 
with  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  at  Promon- 
tory, Utah,  May  10,  1869. 

He  was  then  made  chief  engineer  and 
superintendent  of  construction  of  the  Denver 
Pacific  Railroad  Company,  and  built  that 
road  from  Cheyenne  to  Denver,  and  on  June 
22,  1870,  he  brought  the  first  railroad  train 
into  Denver.  At  the  same  time  he  was  build- 
ing the  Kansas,  Pacific  railroad  westward, 
and  a  few  months  later  brought  that  road 
into  Denver. 

In  1872,  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators 
of  the  Denver  and  South  Park  railroad — 
now  part  of  the  Colorado  and  Southern  Rail- 
road Company — and  was  made  chief  engi- 
neer. During  the  construction  of  a  branch 
line  to  Morrison,  work  on  the  main  line  was 
suspended  until  1876,  when  the  work  was 
pushed  forward  again  as  rapidly  as  the  great 
difficulties  would  permit,  the  road  having  to 
be  constructed  for  thirty  miles  through  the 
narrow,  rock  gorges  of  the  Platte  Canon. 

Under  his  direction  the  South  Park  road 
was  built  to  Buena  Vista,  on  the  Arkansas 
river,  and  then  over  the  Alpine  Pass  to 
Gunnison. 

By  this  time  Colonel  Eicholtz 's  personal 
affairs  had  become  so  large  that  he  resolved 
to  give  up  his  railroad  work  and  devote  his 
time  to  the  management  of  his  large  real 
estate  interests  and  other  business,  though 
for  several  years  longer  he  acted  as  con- 
sulting engineer  for  the  Colorado  and  South- 
ern railroad  and  at  times  for  the  Denver  and 
Rio  Grande  railroad. 

In  1878,  he  was  elected  a  director  of  the 
First  National  Bank,  which  position  he  held 
to  the  time  of  his  death.  At  one  time  he 
held  the  position  of  vice-president  of  the  In- 
ternational Trust  Company.  He  also  was  a 
member  of  the  Denver  Club  and  of  the  Loyal 
Legion. 

Mr.  Eicholtz  married  Nellie  Inslee  Smith 
at  St.  Joseph,  Missouri,  December  12,  1872. 

The  latter  part  of  his  life  was  quietly 
spent  in  Denver,  surrounded  by  his  family 
and  his  friends.  He  died  January  3,  1911, 
in  his  eighty-fourth  year,  beloved  and  re- 
spected by  all  who  knew  him.  He  left  a 
widow  and  five  children. 


—265— 


Bi 


CHARLES  ALFRED  JOHNSON 


—266— 


CHARLES  ALFRED  JOHNSON. 


JOHNSON,  CHARLES  ALFRED,  real 
**  estate  broker,  member  of  the  firm  of 
Lyons  &  Johnson,  president  of  the  Denver 
Chamber  of  Commerce,  was  born  in  Salem, 
Massachusetts,  July  13,  1868.  His  earliest 
American  ancestor  was  Lieutenant  James 
Johnson  of  the  famous  Ancient  and  Honor- 
able Artillery  Company,  an  honorary  organ- 
ization that  survives  to  the  present  day. 
Lieutenant  Johnson  settled  in  Boston  in 
1658. 

Charles  Alfred  Johnson  was  the  son  of 
Doctor  Amos  Howe  Johnson,  who  was  born 
in  Boston,  son  of  Samuel  Johnson,  of  the 
firm  of  J.  C.  Howe  &  Company.  Amos  Howe 
Johnson  graduated,  Harvard,  1853,  and  from 
Andover  Theological  Seminary  in  1856.  In 
the  spring  of  1862,  he  entered  the  Harvard 
Medical  School,  receiving  degree  of  M.  D.  in 
1865,  and  in  the  following  year  settled  in 
Salem,  Massachusetts,  as  a  practitioner  of 
medicine  and  so  continued  up  to  the  time  of 
his  death  in  1896.  He  was  president  of  Mas- 
sachusetts Medical  Society  for  two  years 
from  June,  1890.  Served  in  the  State  Leg- 
islature in  1862.  Married  in  1857,  Miss  Fran- 
cis Seymour  Benjamin,  daughter  of  Nathan 
Benjamin  of  Williamstown,  Massachusetts, 
and  Mary  A.  (Wheeler)  Benjamin  of  New 
York,  missionaries  to  Athens,  Greece,  and 
Constantinople. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  as  a  boy  had 
the  advantages  of  ideal  home  training,  being 
raised  in  an  atmosphere  of  culture  and  erudi- 
tion that  have  made  Massachusetts  justly 
famous. 

After  finishing  his  education,  which  was 
received  in  the  public  and  private  schools 
of  Salem,  Mr.  Johnson  entered  the  employ 
of  James  Means  &  Company,  shoe  manufac- 
turers of  Boston  and  Brockton,  staying  with 
them  six  years. 

In  February,  1891,  when  in  his  twenty- 
third  year,  he  came  to  Colorado,  settling  in 
Denver,  where  he  has  since  lived,  except  for 
six  months  in  1892,  when  he  was  at  Creede, 
Colorado. 

In  the  years  he  has  been  engaged  in  the 


real  estate  business  in  Denver,  Mr.  Johnson 
has  established  a  reputation  for  integrity  and 
for  close  application  to  the  interests  of  his 
clients  that  have  become  the  best  assets  of 
his  firm.  As  the  city  has  grown,  the  firm  of 
Lyons  &  Johnson  has  grown  with  it  until 
they  are  now,  in  1911,  in  the  very  front  rank 
of  the  business  organizations  of  the  city. 

His  genius  for  organization  and  his  capa- 
city for  hard  work  are  recognized  by  the 
business  interests  of  the  city  and  state  and 
Mr.  Johnson  has  been  called  frequently  to 
positions  of  honor  and  responsibility.  When 
confronted  with  adverse  criticism  from  with- 
in and  without,  the  directors  of  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce,  at  the  beginning  of  1911, 
unanimously  called  upon  Mr.  Johnson  to 
head  their  organization  and  bring  it  to  the 
degree  of  effectiveness  which  the  community 
demands  of  the  representative  commercial 
body  of  the  state. 

Mr.  Johnson  entered  upon  his  work  with 
characteristic  energy  and  the  results  of  his 
administration  soon  began  to  appear. 

He  is  also  president  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain Highway  Association  and  president  of 
the  Colorado  Good  Roads  Conference  Asso- 
ciation, and  was  president  of  the  Denver 
Real  Estate  Exchange  in  1898  and  1899.  Mr. 
Johnson  served  in  the  National  Guard  of 
Colorado  seven  years  and  for  five  years  was 
captain  and  A.  D.  C.  on  the  brigade  staff. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club, 
Union  Club  of  Boston,  Denver  Country  Club 
and  Society  of  Colonial  Wars. 

Mr.  Johnson  was  married  at  Boston  April 
15,  1896,  to  Lucy  C.  Braman,  a  daughter  of 
Jarvis  Dwight  Braman  of  that  city.  She 
died  March  25,  1899,  leaving  two  children, 
Barbara  Braman  Johnson,  born  November 
21,  1897,  and  Jarvis  Johnson,  born  March  5, 
1899.  He  was  married  a  second  time  at  Kan- 
sas City,  Missouri,  on  May  26,  1902,  to  Anne 
V.  Burnett  of  Fort  Worth,  Texas,  daughter 
of  Samuel  B.  Burnett  and  granddaughter  of 
Captain  M.  B.  Loyd,  president  of  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Fort  Worth. 


—267— 


ROSWELL  EATON  GOODELL 


ROSWELL  EATON  GOODELL. 


/"^OODELL,  ROSWELL  EATON,  finance 

^~*  and  mining,  born  in  Abington,  "Windham 
county,  Connecticut,  October  21,  1825,  died 
October  19,  1903,  was  the  son  of  Roswell  and 
Olive  Goodell.  His  father,  a  farmer,  moved 


to  La  Salle  county,  Illinois,  in  1834,  where 
he  died  on  a  farm  near  Ottawa,  in  1838.  Ros- 
well, the  son,  was  early  thrown  upon  his 
own  resources,  working  on  the  farm  in  sum- 
mer, and  attending  school  in  the  winter.  At 


—268— 


the  age  of  fifteen,  he  was  deputy  postmaster 
at  Ottawa.  He  then  became  a  clerk  in  the 
general  merchandise  store  of  J.  Y.  Sanger 
&  Company  in  Chicago,  but  later  returning 
to  Ottawa,  he  was  appointed  deputy  county 
recorder.  In  1846,  he  enlisted  in  Judge  T. 
Lyle  Dickey's  company  in  the  Mexican  War, 
and  later  was  appointed  by  Colonel  John  J. 
Hardin,  secretary,  First  Regiment,  Illinois 
Volunteers.  At  Buena  Vista  he  was  ap- 
pointed postmaster  of  the  Northern  Division 
of  the  United  States  army,  commanded  by 
General  Wool,  a  position  he  held  until  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service.  When  the  bloody 
battle  of  Buena  Vista  was  being  fought,  he 
closed  his  office  and  joined  his  regiment  in 
the  field.  Returning  to  Ottawa,  Illinois, 
after  a  year's  service  in  the  war,  he  was 
later,  when  twenty-five  years  of  age,  elected 
sheriff.  He  then  was  secretary  of  a  com- 
mission, of  which  Abraham  Lincoln  was 
chairman,  to  take  testimony  on  canal  claims 
against  the  state.  Although  of  different 
political  faith,  there  was  then  developed  be- 
tween him  and  Mr.  Lincoln  a  firm  and  last- 
ing friendship. 

He  was  secretary  of  the  Illinois  State 
Senate,  1852-1853,  the  beginning  of  a  promi- 
nent public  career.  The  governor  appointed 
him  secretary  of  the  canal  commission,  after 
which  he  was  cashier  of  the  Merchants  and 
Drovers'  Bank  of  Joliet,  and  treasurer  of 
the  Chicago  and  Alton  Railroad,  of  which 
he  was  director,  1856-1859,  and  later  its 
superintendent.  George  M.  Pullman  gave 
his  first  order  to  him  for  Pullman  coaches 
on  that  road.  In  1858,  he  was  one  of  the 
board  of  visitors  from  Illinois  to  West  Point. 

In  1861,  Mr.  Goodell  organized  the  Twen- 
tieth Illinois  Infantry,  which  was  mustered 
in  at  Camp  Goodell,  in  June.  After  the 
close  of  the  Civil  War,  during  which  he  was 
interested  in  government  contracts  for  army 
supplies,  he  went  to  Europe  to  give  his 
daughters  a  finishing  education  in  France 
and  Germany.  In  1874-1875,  Mr.  Goodell 
was  president,  Fourth  National  Bank,  Chi- 
cago, and  later  city  marshal  of  that  city.  He 
was  acting  chairman,  Illinois  state  demo- 
cratic committee  in  the  Tilden  campaign, 
and,  in  1877,  chairman  of  city  and  county 
committee,  Chicago.  He  became  wealthy  in 
real  estate  business,  but  lost  heavily  in  the 
financial  crash  which  came  to  Chicago  fol- 


lowing the  Chicago  fire,  1871,  and  thus  it 
was  that  Colonel  Goodell  followed,  in  1878, 
the  mining  rush  to  Leadville,  where  his  fam- 
ily joined  him  in  1879.  Through  him,  the 
United  States  fish  hatchery  was  established 
there.  He  was  the  Leadville  postmaster, 
1886-1890.  He  became  interested  in  mining 
and  other  investments ;  was  the  moving  spirit 
in  needed  local  improvements,  and  soon  be- 
came one  of  the  eminent  men  of  Colorado, 
as  he  had  always  been  a  leader  and  man  of 
affairs.  He  was  one  of  the  board  of  man- 
agers from  Colorado  for  the  World's  Colum- 
bian Exposition  in  Chicago,  and  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  national  commission.  After  the 
World's  Fair  he  made  Denver  his  home,  was 
elected  president  of  the  Denver  Stock  Ex- 
change, and  became  prominently  identified 
with  the  business  interests  of  the  city. 

Colonel  Goodell  married,  November  1, 
1853,  Miss  Mary  Jane,  daughter  of  Governor 
Joel  A.  Matteson,  in  Springfield,  Illinois. 
They  were  the  parents  of  siz  children,  Annie 
Goodell,  now  Mrs.  James  Day  Whitmore  of 
Denver;  Mary  Matteson,  widow  of  former 
Governor  James  Benton  Grant  of  Colorado, 
and  now  of  Denver ;  Jennie  Goodell,  wife  of 
Albert  Allmand  Blow,  mining,  now  of  London 
and  New  York ;  Clara  Goodell,  wife  of  John 
Clark  Mitchell,  cashier  of  the  Denver  Na- 
tional Bank;  Olive  Goodell  (died  in  Denver, 
1891),  wife  of  Major  Zeph.  Turner  Hill,  and 
Roswell  Eaton  Goodell,  Jr.,  who  married 
Mabel  Atkinson. 

In  the  social,  club,  philanthropic  and  po- 
litical life  of  Colorado,  Colonel  and  Mrs. 
Goodell  and  their  family  have  been  pre- 
eminent and  gracious.  The  exalted  type  of 
manhood  and  womanhood,  sterling  integrity 
and  charm  of  manners  of  the  parents  are  the 
proud  heritage  of  their  children.  Of  a  colo- 
nial lineage,  their  ancestors  were  among  the 
founders  and  builders  of  the  republic,  and 
their  daughters  have  been  active  in  patriotic 
work.  As  members  of  the  Mayflower  So- 
ciety, Colonial  Governors,  Colonial  Dames, 
Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution, 
United  States  Daughters  of  1812,  they  have 
done  much  to  encourage  and  foster  American 
patriotism.  When  in  London,  during  the 
recent  South  African  war,  Mrs.  A.  A.  Blow 
originated  the  idea  and  assisted  in  putting 
it  into  practical  execution,  the  sending  of  the 
good  hospital  ship  "Maine"  for  the  relief 
of  the  English  soldiers  in  the  Boer  war. 


—269— 


JOSEPH  WILLIAM  GILLULY 


—270— 


JOSEPH  WILLIAM  GILLULY. 


ILLTJLY,  JOSEPH  WILLIAM,  treasurer 
of  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  Railroad 
Company,  born  in  Shrewsbury,  New  Jersey, 
February  13,  1851,  was  the  son  of  Francis 
and  Eliza  (Swannell)  Gilluly.  Francis  Gil- 
luly,  born  November,  1825,  died  November, 
1889,  was  a  manufacturer.  His  wife  was 
the  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Lucy  Swannell. 

Joseph  "W.  Gilluly  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  of  Brooklyn,  New  York,  and 
then  entered  the  wholesale  mercantile  dry- 
goods  house  of  "W.  H.  and  L.  C.  Thorne,  New 
York  City,  in  1865,  remaining  in  the  employ 
of  that  firm  until  July,  1872.  In  August 
that  year,  he  came  to  Colorado.  Locating 
in  Colorado  Springs,  he  was  first  employed 
as  a  clerk  in  the  auditor's  office  of  the  Den- 
ver and  Rio  Grande  Railway,  and  in  1878, 
was  promoted  to  chief  clerk.  Then  came 
the  litigation  and  contest  between  the  Den- 
ver and  Rio  Grande  and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  railroads,  in  which  the 
former  was  placed  in  the  hands  of  H.  A. 
Risley  as  receiver.  Mr.  Gilluly  was  ap- 
pointed auditor,  continuing  in  that  position 
until  the  discharge  of  the  receiver,  and  then 
afterward,  until  November,  1880.  He  was 
then  made  the  cashier  and  paymaster  of  the 
company,  and  also  of  the  Rio  Grande  Ex- 
tension Company,  which  was  then  building 
lines  from  Alamosa  south  and  west,  and  also 
from  Canon  City  west. 

Mr.  Gilluly  was  appointed  cashier  of  the 
Rio  Grande  Western  Railroad  Company  in 
1881,  and  also  of  its  construction  company, 
in  which  position  he  was  continued  by  Re- 
ceiver Bancroft,  and  until  the  removal  of  the 
offices  of  the  company  to  Salt  Lake  City  in 
1889,  but  Mr.  Gilluly  still  remained  and  con- 
tinued with  the  Colorado  lines,  in  similar 
duties. 

The  splendid  executive  and  administra- 
tive ability  that  Mr.  Gilluly  had  shown  added 
new  responsibilities,  along  with  those  in 
direct  connection  with  the  Denver  and  Rio 
Grande.  During  this  time  General  W.  J. 
Palmer  and  associates  were  building  the 
Mexican  National  Railroad  in  Old  Mexico, 
and  Mr.  Gilluly  was  appointed  secretary  of 
the  Mexican  National  Construction  Com- 
pany. From  July,  1884,  and  continuing  two 
years,  he  was  also  cashier  when  W.  S.  Jack- 
son was  the  receiver  of  the  Denver  and  Rio 
Grande  Railway.  Mr.  Gilluly  was  one  of  the 


organizers,  in  1886,  of  the  Grand  River  Rail- 
road Company,  formed  to  construct  a  branch 
of  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  from  Red 
Cliff  to  Glenwood  Springs.  In  July  of  that 
year,  when  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  was 
reorganized  under  foreclosure  and  sale,  he 
was  elected  treasurer  when  Mr.  Moffat  be- 
came president. 

Mr.  Gilluly  is  still  the  treasurer  of  this 
company,  having  been  officially  connected 
with  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  for  almost 
forty  years,  having  seen  it  grow  from  a 
small  system  to  one  of  the  great  railway 
lines  of  the  United  States.  For  many  years, 
he  has  also  been  the  treasurer  of  the  Rio 
Grande  Junction  Railway  Company,  and  also 
of  the  Rio  Grande  Southern  Railroad  Com- 
pany. He  has  made  Denver  his  home  since 
1883. 

In  addition  to  his  railway  duties  and  con- 
nections, Mr.  Gilluly  is  interested  in  other 
enterprises  and  lines  of  business.  He  be- 
came one  of  th  estockholders  and  directors 
of  the  Western  National  Bank  of  Pueblo 
and  the  Denver  Savings  Bank.  In  addition 
to  being  treasurer,  he  was  also  a  stockholder 
in  the  Rio  Grande  Southern  Railroad,  and 
in  the  construction  company. 

Mr.  Gilluly  has  also  been  a  prominent 
leader  and  factor  in  educational  and  church 
work.  He  has  served  as  trustee  and  also 
vice-president  of  the  University  of  Denver 
and  Colorado  Seminary  for  a  number  of 
years.  He  has  been  an  active  worker,  patron 
and  official  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  circles  and  in  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church.  As  a  lay  dele- 
gate, he  has  represented  that  church  at  sev- 
eral of  its  general  conferences.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Denver  Club. 

Mr.  Gilluly  married,  June  24,  1874,  in 
Colorado  Springs.  Miss  Euphemia  M..  daugh- 
ter of  John  Lawson.  She  was  born  in  Prince 
Edward  Island,  1851,  and  died  in  Denver, 
July,  1908.  Her  early  life  was  spent  in  Mas- 
sachusetts, where  she  was  educated.  She 
was  possessed  of  those  accomplishments,  cul- 
tured tastes  and  high  ideals,  that  made  her 
home  life  and  her  associations  with  others, 
a  precious  memory. 

They  have  one  child,  Mabel,  now  the  wife 
of  William  V.  Hodges,  attorney-at-law,  Den- 
ver, Colorado.  She  was  educated  in  the 
University  of  Denver  and  at  Mrs.  Hayes' 
finishing  school,  in  Boston. 


-271  — 


DAVID  CRICHTON  BEAMAN 


DAVID  CRICHTON  BEAMAN. 


•QEAMAN,  DAVID  CRICHTON,  lawyer, 
born  in  Burlington,  Lawrence  county, 
Ohio,  November  22,  1838,  was  the  son  of 
Gamaliel  Carter  (born  March  20,  1799,  died 
October  26,  1875)  and  Emelia  (Crichton) 


Beaman,  who  was  born  in  Perthshire,  Scot- 
land, 1814,  and  was  a  descendant  of  the  fam- 
ily of  which  the  so-called  "Admirable" 
Crichton  was  a  member.  Mr  Beaman 's 
father,  a  Presbyterian  minister,  was  gradu- 


—272— 


ated  from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New 
York,  and  Andover  Theological  Seminary, 
Massachusetts,  and,  moving  to  Burlington, 
Ohio,  1832,  opened  an  academy  and  organ- 
ized a  Presbyterian  church  of  thirty-four 
members,  of  whom  seventeen  were  slave 
owners  and  residents  of  Kentucky  and  Vir- 
ginia, across  the  Ohio  River.  Abolitionism 
was  then  spreading  rapidly,  and  being  one 
of  its  ardent  advocates,  the  Reverend  Mr. 
Beaman  had  the  slaveholding  members  dis- 
missed from  the  church.  A  former  mem- 
ber of  his  church,  Solomon  Beckley,  having 
moved  to  Iowa,  wrote  him  of  the  great  op- 
portunities for  religious  and  educational 
work  in  that  region  of  the  then  Far  West, 
and  April  6,  1846,  he,  with  his  family,  re- 
moved to  Iowa,  going  by  steamboat  down  the 
Ohio  to  Cairo,  thence  up  the  Mississippi  to 
Montrose,  Lee  county,  directly  across  that 
river  and  opposite  Nauvoo,  Illinois.  The 
latter  was  the  great  city  founded  by  Joseph 
Smith,  the  Mormon  prophet,  and  in  which 
was  the  magnificent  temple  of  the  "Latter 
Day  Saints."  The  Mormons,  owing  to  the 
war  waged  against  them  by  the  militia  and 
citizens  of  Illinois  that  was  being  brought 
to  an  end,  began  their  immigration  to  Salt 
Lake  in  September,  1846.  Their  temple  was 
burned  in  1848.  There  being  no  church 
building  at  Montrose,  the  Reverend  Mr.  Bea- 
man first  preached  in  the  government  bar- 
racks, but  afterward  organized  a  church  and 
erected  a  house  of  worshin. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Reverend  Mr.  Bea- 
man had  organized  several  churches  in  the 
country.  In  1852,  he  gave  up  the  Montrose 
church  to  another  minister,  and  removed  to 
Croton,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Lee 
county,  Iowa.  That  region  had  been  settled 
by  a  colony  of  pantheists  from  Massachu- 
setts, organized  under  Abner  Kneeland,  who, 
after  having  been  imprisoned  in  Boston, 
1838,  for  blasphemy,  had  removed  to  this 
part  of  Iowa.  He  had  written  to  his  Boston 
friends  that  he  had  found  a  country  to  his 
liking,  in  which  there  was  "neither  a  bible, 
a  priest,  a  sabbath,  a  heaven,  a  hell,  a  God, 
nor  a  devil." 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Beaman  organized  small 
churches  in  that  region,  after  which,  Knee- 
land  having  died  in  1844,  the  society  of  the 
latter  was  disbanded. 

David  C.  Beaman,  son  of  this  distin- 
guished Presbyterian  minister,  attended 
school  at  Denmark,  Iowa,  and  was  later  a 
student  in  the  academy  and  preparatory  de- 
partment of  Oberlin  College,  Ohio.  Then, 


engaging  in  farming  in  Iowa  until  1859,  he 
became  station  agent  on  the  Des  Moines  Val- 
ley Railroad  (now  the  Keokuk  and  Des 
Moines  branch  of  the  Rock  Island),  at  Cro- 
ton, Iowa,  one  of  the  first  railroads  west  of 
the  Mississippi. 

He  was  in  the  battle  of  Athens,  Missouri, 
August  5,  1861,  his  only  active  part  in  the 
Civil  War,  where  he  was  orderly  sergeant 
of  an  Iowa  company  which  formed  part  of 
the  Union  forces.  Soon  after,  and  before 
his  company  was  regularly  mustered  in  and 
assigned  a  place  in  a  regiment,  he  entered 
the  federal  revenue  service,  as  captain  of  a 
company  of  mounted  revenue  scouts,  in 
which  he  remained  until  near  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  then  returned  to  railroading, 
at  Selma,  Iowa,  at  the  same  time  conduct- 
ing a  general  store  at  that  place.  He  studied 
law,  and  in  1869  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
Van  Buren  county,  that  state,  and  in  1876 
for  a  short  time  was  the  acting  judge  of  the 
district  court  of  that  county. 

Judge  Beaman  visited  Gunnison,  Colo- 
rado, and  other  points  in  the  state  from 
1880  to  1887,  when  he  removed,  with  his 
family,  from  Iowa  to  Glenwood  Springs, 
Colorado,  and  in  1888  to  Denver,  where  he 
still  resides.  Judge  Beaman  is  especially 
versed  in  corporation  and  land  law,  and  it 
was  owing  to  his  ability  and  acumen  in  this 
line  of  his  profession,  that  he  was  called  to 
Colorado  in  1887,  by  Mr.  John  C.  Osgood, 
where  he  assisted  in  the  organization  of  the 
Colorado  Fuel  and  Iron  Company.  During 
almost  a  quarter  of  a  century,  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  latter  company  as  vice- 
president,  director,  secretary  or  general 
counsel,  and  with  its  auxiliary  industrial 
and  railroad  corporations,  taking  an  active 
part  in  the  development  of  this  vast  system 
in  all  its  branches.  He  remained  with  the 
company  until  January,  1910,  when  his  con- 
nection with  its  active  operations  ceased. 
Since  his  retirement  from  active  business  he 
has  devoted  himself  largely  to  recreative 
sports.  In  1906,  he  added  the  visible  pro- 
jectile for  firearms  to  the  list  of  inventions. 
Judge  Beaman  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  American  Trotting  Association,  and  was 
its  president  in  1891  and  1892.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Denver  Club  and  the  Colorado 
Electric  Club. 

Judge  Beaman  married,  at  Athens,  Mis- 
rouri,  December  31,  1860,  Luella  A.  Smith, 
daughter  of  Dalzell  Smith,  of  that  place. 
They  have  four  children,  James  L.,  Alice  M., 
George  C.,  and  Arthur  D.  Beaman. 


—273— 


HENRY  WHITE  WARREN 


—274— 


HENRY  WHITE  WARREN. 


ARREN,  HENRY  WHITE,  Bishop  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  sci- 
entist, author  and  missionary,  was  born 
January  4th,  1831,  the  son  of  Mather  Warren 
and  Anna  Miller  (Fairfield)  Warren.  His 
earliest  paternal  forbear  in  this  country  was 
William  Warren  of  England,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  1672  and  settled  at  Hatfield, 
Mass.,  and  who  naturally  endured  the  hard- 
ship, trials  and  tribulations  of  the  early  set- 
tlers. His  father,  Mather  Warren,  a  farmer, 
mill  owner,  building  mover,  etc.,  was  born 
in  1800,  and  died  in  1868.  In  the  early 
colonial  days  of  the  Warren  family  history, 
Susanna  Mather,  a  relative  of  the  distin- 
guished and  renowned  Cotton  Mather,  mar- 
ried into  the  family  and  since  that  time  the 
name  of  Mather  has  always  been  in  the  fam- 
ily. Surely  a  name  in  American  history  to 
conjure  by. 

Ever  since  the  early  days  down  to  the 
present  there  has  been  almost  continually 
a  member  of  the  Warren  family  in  the  mili- 
tary or  naval  service  of  our  country.  This, 
in  itself,  speaks  of  the  family's  loyalty  and 
patriotism. 

The  present  Bishop  attended  Wilbraham 
Academy  and  late,  in  1853,  was  graduated 
from  Wesleyan  University,  Middletown, 
Connecticut,  The  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts  was  later  conferred  on  him,  in 
1858 — the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity 
by  Dickinson  College  in  1872,  and  that 
of  Doctor  of  Laws  in  1872,  by  Ohio 
Wesleyan.  He  was  elected  Bishop  of 
the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  in  May, 
1880.  Besides  his  multitudinous  duties  as 
Bishop,  he  has  been  active  in  science  and 
authorship  and  has  traveled  in  almost  every 
foreign  land  in  the  interests  of  the  church. 
As  Bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 


he  has  officially  visited  missions  in  South 
America  twice,  in  China,  Japan  and  Europe 
twice,  Korea,  the  Philippine  Islands  and 
India,  and  has  also  visited  Mexico  and  Porto 
Rico  in  the  same  capacity. 

With  all  his  arduous  duties  and  travels 
he  has  given  to  the  world  scientific,  astro- 
nomical, religious  and  travelogue  books 
which  will  endure  as  monuments  to  his  ver- 
satility and  intellectual  qualities.  In  1874, 
he  published  ''Sights  and  Insights" — a  book 
of  travel.  In  1877  came  "The  Lesser 
Hymnal."  In  1878,  his  "Studies  of  the 
Stars"  was  given  to  the  world,  and  in  1879 
"Recreations  in  Astronomy"  saw  the  light 
of  day.  In  1892  he  published  "The  Bible  in 
the  World's  Education,"  and  in  1898, 
"Among  the  Forces." 

In  1852  he  taught  the  natural  sciences  in 
America  Seminary,  New  York,  so  that  his 
life  has  been  one  of  religion,  science,  travel, 
education  and  authorship,  in  all  of  which  he 
has  successfully  prevailed. 

In  1863  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Legislature,  and  was,  later,  a 
member  of  the  Christian  Commission  during 
the  Civil  War  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

The  Bishop  first  came  to  Colorado  in 
1879,  but  did  not  make  it  his  permanent 
abode  until  1883.  He  has  lived  in  Worcester, 
Massachusetts  (1855-1856),  Boston  and  vicin- 
ity till  1871,  in  Philadelphia  six  years; 
Brooklyn,  New  York,  three  years,  and  At- 
lanta, Georgia,  four  years,  in  all  of  which 
time  he  has  been  devoted  to  religion,  science 
and  literature. 

In  1855  Mr.  Warren  married  Miss  Dian- 
tha  L.  Kilgore,  in  Lowell,  Massachusetts. 
She  died  in  1868.  Their  children  are  Carrie, 
Henrv  and  Ellen.  In  1883  he  married  Mrs. 
Elizabeth  (Fraser)  Iliff. 


—275— 


GEORGE  TRITCH 


GEORGE  TRITCH. 


'T'RITCH,  GEORGE,  hardware  merchant 
and  pioneer,  was  born  in  Baden,  Ger- 
many, April  23,  1829,  and  died  in  Denver, 
October  8,  1899.  When  he  was  a  little 
more  than  one  year  of  age,  his  parents 
emigrated  with  him  to  the  United  States. 
Arriving  in  New  York,  they  started  for 
their  future  home  in  Ohillieothe,  Ohio, 


making  the  journey  by  lake  and  canal. 
Young  Tritch  here  spent  his  boyhood,  until 
fifteen  years  of  age,  during  wrhich  time  he 
attended  the  public  schools,  obtaining  a  good 
and  practical  education  that  fitted  him  for 
the  business  career  that  awaited  him  in  the 
future.  In  1844,  having  made  up  his  mind 
to  become  a  tinner  and  coppersmith,  he  went 


—  276— 


to  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  where  he  served  an  ap- 
prenticeship at  that  work.  Becoming  a  mas- 
ter of  his  trade,  Mr.  Tritch  removed  to  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania,  in  1847,  where  he  estab- 
lished himself  in  the  hardware  business.  He 
started  for  St.  Paul,  Minnesota,  in  1852, 
making  the  trip  down  the  Ohio  and  up  the 
Mississippi,  but  concluded  not  to  go  farther 
than  Muscatine,  Iowa,  where  he  landed. 
Here  he  resumed  his  business  as  a  hardware 
merchant,  also  engaging  in  the  same  busi- 
ness, for  a  time,  at  Tipton,  that  state. 

In  March,  1860,  Mr.  Tritch,  with  his  wife 
and  three  children,  crossed  Iowa  in  a  wagon 
to  Council  Bluffs,  and  thence  to  Omaha,  from 
which  point  he  followed  the  crowds  then 
en  route  to  the  Pike's  Peak  region.  At 
Shinn's  Ferry  Island,  about  sixty-five  miles 
this  side  of  Omaha,  the  family  was  robbed 
during  the  night  by  the  Indians,  who  stole 
an  entire  load  of  provisions  from  the  party 
of  immigrants  with  whom  the  Tritches  were 
traveling,  and  with  a  scanty  supply  of  pro- 
visions they  resumed  their  way  across  the 
plains,  reaching  Denver  May  27,  1860.  Mr. 
Tritch  had  no  special  objective  point  in  view, 
but  his  supply  of  ready  cash  running  low, 
he  decided  to  remain  in  Denver.  He  had 
brought  with  him  across  the  plains  in  a 
spring  wagon,  a  small  stock  of  hardware 
and  his  tools,  and  with  this  little  margin,  he 
started  on  the  successful  career  that  awaited 
him  in  this  new  country.  His  first  business 
house  was  a  cabin  near  Cherry  Creek,  on 
Blake  street,  in  which  he  and  his  family,  for 
a  time,  also  resided.  Hardware  is  always  a 
staple  product  and  in  great  demand  in  a 
new  and  especially  a  mining  country.  From 
the  beginning  he  flourished  in  business,  later 
adding  farming  implements,  the  first  that 
mining  supplies  he  sold  plows,  cradles, 
scythes,  mowers,  threshing  machines,  horse 
rakes  and  reapers,  as  Colorado  was  then  be- 
ginning the  development  of  her  agricultural 
resources.  From  his  first  and  small  location, 
he  removed  his  business  to  the  west  side  of 
Fifteenth  street,  near  Wazee,  where  he  occu- 
pied a  one-story  building.  A  brick  building 
of  two  stories  was  erected  by  him,  early  in 
the  '70s,  at  Fifteenth  and  Wazee,  in  which 
he  displayed  the  largest  and  most  pretentious 
stock  of  hardware  yet  seen  in  the  west.  But, 
with  the  years,  his  business  increased,  until 
in  1884,  he  erected  the  large  and  finely 
equipped  hardware  store  on  Arapahoe,  near 
Seventeenth,  and  established  the  George 
Tritch  Hardware  Company,  one  of  the  lead- 
ing commercial  institutions  of  the  city  and 
state. 

Mr.  Tritch  also  made  investments  in  real 


estate,  and  in  other  enterprises.  He  was  a 
close  student  of  business  matters,  and  the 
causes  of  financial  prosperity  and  depression, 
which  alternated  in  cycles  of  eight  and  ten 
years,  according  to  his  theories,  and  con- 
ducted his  affairs  according  to  these  views. 

Mr.  Tritch  was  active  with  the  early  rail- 
way building  in  Colorado.  He  was  interested 
in  the  old  Denver  Pacific,  Denver  and  South 
Park,  and  the  Denver,  Texas  and  Gulf,  and 
was  vice-president  of  the  Denver  and  South 
Park  Construction  Company.  His  influence 
Avas  also  felt  in  banking  circles,  in  which  he 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  leading  finan- 
ciers of  the  state.  In  1876,  he  was  president 
of  the  German  National  Bank  of  Denver, 
and,  during  the  same  year,  was  elected  treas- 
urer of  the  Colorado  Industrial  Association. 

Mr.  Tritch  was  a  member  of  the  Denver 
board  of  aldermen,  1863-1865,  but  was  later 
unsuccessful  in  running  for  mayor.  In  1876, 
he  was  elected  a  regent  of  the  University  of 
Colorado,  and  was  a  prominent  factor  in  this 
state  in  promoting  educational  interests  from 
the  public  schools  to  those  institutions  of 
higher  learning.  He  was  regent  of  the  state 
universitjr  during  the  formative  period,  and 
was  broad,  liberal,  and  progressive  in  his 
views  and  the  application  of  the  same.  As 
a  member  of  the  board  of  capitol  managers, 
he  assisted  in  the  completion  of  that  beau- 
tiful structure.  He  had  a  practical  turn  of 
mind,  and  was  pleased  to  see  the  children 
visit  the  state  museum.  It  was  nothing 
unusual  to  see  George  Tritch,  the  silent  vis- 
itor, in  the  museum,  when  the  one  in  charge 
was  lecturing  to  a  class  of  school  children, 
on  historical  and  scientific  subjects.  He  was 
especially  interested  in  birds,  and  fond  of 
talking  about  them.  Mr.  Tritch  was  a  man 
of  courage,  and  during  the  Indian  alarm  and 
scare  of  1864,  he  was  commissioned  a  cap- 
tain of  scouts  by  Governor  Evans.  During 
the  many  times  he  crossed  the  plains  he  had 
many  narrow  escapes  from  these  hostiles  that 
often  swarmed  over  that  section  of  the  west. 

Mr.  Tritch  was  a  prominent  member  of 
the  Masonic  order.  He  was  public  spirited, 
liberal  and  energetic,  and  though  deceased, 
his  name  still  occupies  a  proud  position 
among  the  founders  of  this  city  and  state. 

Mr.  Tritch  married,  at  Pittsburgh,  Penn- 
sylvania, August  25,  1849,  Miss  Eliza  Ham- 
mond. Mr.  and  Mrs.  Tritch  had  the  follow- 
ing children :  Mary,  wife  of  B.  "W.  Rogers 
of  Denver ;  Elizabeth,  wife  of  H.  H.  Good  of 
Denver ;  J.  Frank ;  Emma  T.,  wife  of  George 
Snyder,  Jr. ;  Carrie  T.,  wife  of  M.  W.  Gano ; 
George,  Jr.;  Jean  T.,  wife  of  H.  W.  Forbes 
of  Boston,  and  B.  Fred,  of  Denver. 


—277— 


WILLIAM  AUSTIN  HAMILTON  LOVELAND. 


T  OVELAND,  WILLIAM  AUSTIN  HAM- 
•*-'  ILTON,  capitalist,  railway  builder  and 
pioneer,  born  in  Chatham,  Massachusetts, 
May  30,  1826,  died  at  Lakewood,  his  coun- 
try residence,  near  Denver,  Colorado,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1894,  was  the  son  of  the  Reverend 
Leonard  and  Elizabeth  (Eldridge)  Loveland. 
He  was  a  descendant  of  Thomas  Loveland, 
who  came  from  Norwich,  England,  and  set- 


named  after  him.  After  four  years  he  re- 
turned to  Chatham,  Massachusetts.  He  later 
entered  the  ministry  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  and  became  one  of  the  eminent 
divines  of  that  denomination  in  Illinois.  His 
mother,  Elizabeth  Eldridge,  also  a  native  of 
Chatham,  was  a  descendant  of  some  of  the 
historic  families  of  New  England. 

William   A.   H.   Loveland,   their   son,   in 


WILLIAM  AUSTIN  HAMILTON  LOVELAND 


tied  in  Boston  about  1630,  and  is  prominently 
connected  with  leading  families  of  the  Amer- 
ican colonial  era.  His  father,  the  Reverend 
Leonard  Loveland,  was  a  sailor  in  the  War 
of  1812 ;  taken  prisoner  by  the  British,  and 
confined  in  Dartmouth  (England)  prison 
about  twenty  months.  About  1818  he  moved 
west  and  settled  in  Ohio  at  a  place  now  called 
Loveland,  which  he  founded  and  which  was 


1827,  accompanied  his  parents  to  Rhode 
Island,  where  he  received  his  primary  edu- 
cation. In  1835,  he  found  employment  in  a 
cotton  factory,  and  in  1837,  removed  with 
the  family  to  Illinois.  Here  his  father,  the 
Reverend  Leonard  Loveland,  located  near 
Brighton,  Macoupin  county,  then  a  frontier 
region,  and  built  a  cabin.  The  son  worked 
on  the  farm,  at  the  same  time  attending  the 


—278— 


common  schools,  preparing  himself  for  col- 
lege, against  great  disadvantages.  He  en- 
tered McKendree  College  in  1845,  which 
closed  at  the  end  of  his  first  term.  Mr. 
Loveland  then  became  a  student  at  Shurtleff 
College,  at  Upper  Alton,  but  owing  to  failing 
health,  he  was  compelled  to  abandon  his  col- 
lege career.  He  then  enlisted  in  an  Illinois 
regiment  for  the  Mexican  war,  and  was  ap- 
pointed wagon  master  with  the  supply  trains. 
He  experienced  some  of  the  hardest  service  in 
that  war,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Chapultepec.  Returning  to  Illinois 
in  July,  1848,  and  the  year  following,  he 
started  westward  with  the  wild  rush  to  the 
California  gold  fields.  In  May,  1849,  with 
an  ox  team,  he  left  the  Missouri  river,  on  the 
long  journey  across  the  plains  and  moun- 
tains to  the  Pacific  coast.  He  erected  the 
first  house  in  Grass  Valley,  California.  Dur- 
ing a  period  of  about  two  years,  he  engaged 
in  mining,  but  without  success.  A  new 
field  for  adventure  was  then  sought  in  Cen- 
tral America.  Sailing  from  San  Francisco 
for  that  country,  he  intended  to  take  a  con- 
tract there  under  the  Vanderbilts,  to  con- 
struct a  proposed  government  canal.  This 
enterprise  failing  to  materialize,  Mr.  Love- 
land  returned  home  in  1851,  and  then  en- 
gaged in  mercantile  pursuits.  The  reports  of 
gold  discoveries  in  1858  in  the  Pike's  Peak 
region,  attracted  the  attention  of  Mr.  Love- 
land,  and  selling  his  interests  in  Illinois, 
he  again  started  for  the  west.  With  a  wagon 
train  load  of  mules  and  oxen  he  crossed  the 
plains  in  1859,  with  a  large  supply  of  goods 
and  merchandise.  He  located  at  Golden, 
which  then  had  only  the  nucleus  of  a  settle- 
ment. Here  he  built  the  first  house  and 
opened  the  first  store,  and  was  one  of  the 
founders  of  that  place.  Through  his  influ- 
ence, Golden  was  for  several  years  the  cap- 
ital of  the  territory,  and  at  one  time,  a  rival 
to  Denver.  Golden  was  then  the  gateway 
to  the  Gregory,  Jackson  and  other  diggings 
in  Clear  Creek  canon,  and  even  then,  Mr. 
Loveland  began  to  plan  for  a  railroad  to 
these  new  mining  towns.  But  the  first  prac- 
tical solution  of  the  question  was  a  wagon 
road,  which  he  built  up  this  canon.  He  paid 
out  of  his  own  money  the  cost  of  a  railway 
survey  over  the  mountains  to  Salt  Lake  City, 
anticipating  the  era  of  railroad  construction 
that  came  later.  Mr.  Loveland  opened  the 
first  coal  mine  at  Golden,  and  also  the  first 
brick  and  pottery  works  at  that  place;  and, 
through  his  influence,  manufactures  and 
smelters  were  established  there. 

In  1865-1866,  Mr.  Loveland  obtained  from 
the  territorial  legislature  a  charter  for  the 
construction  of  the  Colorado  Central  and  Pa- 


cific Railroad  from  Denver  to  Golden,  and 
thence  to  Black  Hawk  and  Central  and  other 
mining  centers  up  Clear  Creek  canon,  then 
the  center  of  mining  activity  in  the  territory. 
In  1870,  he  directed  the  building  of  the  divi- 
sion of  this  road  from  Denver  to  Golden. 
Later  it  was  completed  up  the  canon,  and 
was  known  as  the  Colorado  Central;  after- 
ward a  part  of  the  Union  Pacific,  and  now 
one  of  the  branches  of  the  Colorado  and 
Southern.  In  its  early  history,  Mr.  Love- 
land  was  a  director,  and  also  president  of 
this  road  in  1876.  In  1877,  the  present 
thriving  town  of  Loveland  was  laid  out,  and 
named  in  his  honor.  On  July  16,  1878,  he 
purchased  the  Rocky  Mountain  News,  which 
had  been  established  by  William  N.  Byers 
in  1859,  and  from  that  time  conducted  as  a 
republican  paper  by  its  founder.  Mr.  Love- 
land  was  an  ardent  democrat  and  changed 
the  policy  of  the  paper  to  that  of  his  own 
political  faith  and  belief.  It  was  one  of  the 
historic  events  in  the  territorial  period.  He 
assumed  editorial  and  business  control  of 
The  News,  and  made  its  influence  felt 
throughout  the  Rocky  Mountain  region. 

Mr.  Loveland  early  became  one  of  the 
political  leaders  of  the  territory,  .and  later, 
during  the  early  days  of  statehood.  He  was 
the  presiding  officer  of  a  constitutional  con- 
vention held  in  1859,  and  for  several  years 
was  a  member  of  the  territorial  council 
(senate).  In  1878,  he  was  nominated  for 
governor  by  the  democrats,  but  was  defeated, 
as  the  state  was  then  strongly  republican. 
Twice  his  party  honored  him  with  a  com- 
plimentary vote  for  United  States  Senator. 
At  the  national  democratic  convention  held 
in  Cincinnati,  in  1880,  he  received  the  vote 
of  the  Colorado  delegation  and  one  from 
Michigan,  for  the  presidential  nomination. 

In  1878,  he  built  the  circle  railroad  around 
Denver,  which -property  was  later  sold  to  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  and  Santa  Fe  railroad. 
Mr.  Loveland  was  one  of  the  promoters  and 
the  treasurer  of  the  great  mining  exposition 
held  in  Denver  in  1880  to  1886.  He  was  a 
prominent  factor  in  the  mining  and  indus- 
trial history  of  the  state,  making  heavy  in- 
vestments therein,  and  also  purchasing  real 
estate.  Pie  was  the  owner  of  the  well  known 
Fanny  Barret  mine. 

Mr.  Loveland  married,  first,  at  Brighton, 
Illinois,  May  13,  1852,  Philena  Shaw,  who 
died  at  that  place,  January  2,  1854.  He  mar- 
ried, second,  August  25,  1856,  Miranda  Ann 
Montgomery,  of  Alton,  Illinois,  and  of  the 
latter  marriage  were  born  two  sons,  Francis 
W.  Loveland  (q.  v.),  attorney-at-law,  Den- 
ver, Colorado,  and  William  Leonard. 


—279— 


CRAWFORD  HILL 


CRAWFORD  HILL. 


UILL,  CRAWFORD,  born  in  Providence, 
1  L  Rhode  Island,  March  29,  1862,  was  the 
son  of  Nathaniel  Peter  (United  States  Sen- 
ator from  Colorado,  1879-1885  (q.  v.),  born 
February  18,  1832,  died  May  22,  1900)  and 
Alice  (daughter  of  Isaac  and  Harriet  (John- 
son) Hale)  Hill.  The  first  appearance  of 


this  branch  of  the  Hill  family  in  this  coun- 
try, was  about  1730,  when  Nathaniel  Hill, 
born  in  1705,  and  great  great  grandfather 
of  Crawford  Hill,  came  to  the  American  col- 
onies, from  the  county  of  Cavan,  Ireland. 

Nathaniel    Hill,    the    progenitor    of    the 
family  in  this  country,  descended  from  the 


—280— 


landed  gentry  of  England  and  was  the  great 
great-grandfather  of  Crawford  Hill.     Soon 
after  his  arrival  in  America,  he  located  in  a 
Scotch-Irish  settlement  west  of  the  Hudson 
river,   on   the   then   most   western  frontier, 
known  as  Dwaarskill,  in  Hanover  precinct, 
now  the  town  of  Crawford,  in  Orange  county, 
New  York.    He  was  a  member  of  Captain 
John  Bayard's  militia  of  Wallakill  in  1738,  as 
shown  by  the  official  records.     In  the  first 
published    tax    list    of   Rittenburg,    Orange 
county,  in  1768,  his  name  is  found,  but  long 
prior  to  that  time,  he  was  a  freeholder,  for 
in  1746,  Nathaniel  Hill  sold  to  James  Craw- 
ford, a  large  tract  of  land.     His  will,  dated 
March  17,  1780,  was  the  third  recorded  in 
Ulster  county,  and  from  the  provisions  made 
therein,  he    was    possessed  of  considerable 
property.    Soon  after  his  arrival  in  this  coun- 
try, he  erected  upon  the  Dwaarskill,  a  stone 
mansion,  which  is  still  occupied  by  his  de- 
scendants. He  had  also  built,  three  miles  east 
of  Montgomery,   now  in  Orange  county,   a 
substantial  English  appearing  homestead  of 
stone  and  brick,  and  one  of  the  finest  farms 
in  Orange  county,  and  gave  this  property  to 
his  son  Peter.    Nathaniel  Hill  was  an  active 
member     of     the     Goodwill     Presbyterian 
Church,  of  which  he  was  also  a  trustee.    In 
1745,    he   married    Susanna   Armstrong,    by 
whom  he  had  three  sons  and  six  daughters, 
one  of  the  sons,  Peter  Hill,  born  at  Dwaar- 
skill, Orange  county,  in  1751,  died  October 
14,    1795,   being   the    great    grandfather   of 
Crawford  Hill.     He  was    an    officer  in  the 
American  Revolution,  being  captain,  in  1775, 
of  the  minute  company  from  Hanover  pre- 
cinct, Ulster  county,  New  York ;  was  in  com- 
mand of  his  company  at  Fort  Constitution, 
February   13,    1776 ;   and  was    one    of    the 
heroic   defenders    at    Fort   Montgomery   in 
1777,  where  he  rendered  distinguished  ser- 
vices.    He  married  Isabella  Trimble,  about 
1774,  and  resided  in  the  mansion  built  for 
him  by  his  father,  near  Montgomery,  within 
nine   miles   of  the    old  homestead.     Of  his 
children  Nathaniel  P.  Hill   (grandfather  of 
Crawford  Hill),  born  in  1781,  was  educated 
in  Montgomery  Academy,  of  which  he  later 
became  a  patron.     He  was  a  lieutenant  in 
Captain   Peter   Millikin's   cavalry   company 
in    the   War   of   1812.      Governor  De  Witt 
Clinton,  in  1819,  commissioned  him  captain 
of  the  Orange  Huzzars,  which  he  commanded 
for  many  years.     He  was  a  member  of  the 
legislature  of  New  York  in  1816,  1819,  1820, 
and  1825 ;  sheriff  of  his  county  in  1820  and 
1822;  judge  of  the  court  of  common  pleas 
1823-1825 ;  member  of  the  board  of  super- 
visors in  1833;  and,    in    1836,    presidential 


elector,  voting  for  Martin  Van  Buren.  He 
died  May  12,  1842,  in  the  62nd  year  of  his 
age.  In  1827,  he  married  Matilda  Crawford 
of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  whose  family  was 
among  the  earliest  to  settle  in  Orange  coun- 
ty, and  for  whom  the  town  of  Crawford  was 
named. 

Crawford  Hill,  son  of  United  States  Sen- 
ator Nathaniel  P.  Hill,  received  his  early 
education  in  the  grammar  school  at  Black 
Hawk,  Colorado,  having  come  to  this  state 
with  his  parents  in  December,  1867.  He  pre- 
pared for  college  in  the  English  and  Class- 
ical School  at  Providence,  Rhode  Island,  and 
then  entered  Brown  University,  from  which 
he  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
in  1885.  In  August,  that  same  year,  he  en- 
tered the  business  office  of  the  Denver  Re- 
publican, which  was  owned  by  his  father, 
Senator  Hill,  where  he  remained  about  four 
years.  He  has  become  interested  in  many  en- 
terprises, representing  large  invested  inter- 
ests, and  identified  prominently  with  public 
affairs. 

Mr.  Hill  is  president  of  the  Denargo  Land 
Company ;  The  Hill  Land  &  Investment  Com- 
pany; The  Republican  Publishing  Company 
(Denver  Republican)  ;  president  of  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  Boston  &  Colorado  Smelt- 
ing Company — in  liquidation;  treasurer  of 
the  United  Oil  Company;  treasurer  of  the 
Inland  Oil  &  Refining  Company;  secretary 
of  the  Dolly  Varden  Mining  Company;  di- 
rector of  the  Mountain  States  Telephone  & 
Telegraph  Company ;  director  First  National 
Bank  of  Denver;  director  Young  Woman's 
Christian  Association ;  and  director  of  the 
Colorado  Museum  of  Natural  History.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  military  staffs  of  Gov- 
ernors Mclntire  and  Routt  (last  term)  of 
Colorado,  with  the  rank  of  colonel;  was  an 
alternate  delegate  from  Colorado  to  the  Re- 
publican National  convention,  at  Philadel- 
phia, in  1900 ;  and  was  chairman  of  the  Colo- 
rado delegation  to  the  Republican  National 
convention  at  Chicago,  in  1908. 

Mr.  Hill  is  a  member  of  the  following 
clubs:  Denver  Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club 
(life  member),  Denver  Country  Club  (life 
member),  University  Club  (Denver),  and  the 
Union  Club  (New  York  City). 

He  married  January  15,  1895,  in  Mem- 
phis, Tennessee,  Miss  Louise  Bethell,  daugh- 
ter of  William  Morgan  Sneed,  who  is  con- 
nected with  prominent  southern  families. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hill  are  leaders  in  the  social 
life  of  Denver.  They  have  two  children: 
Nathaniel  Peter  Hill,  born  January  1,  1896, 
and  Crawford  Hill,  Jr.,  born  December  9, 
1898. 


—  281— 


JOHN  WESLEY  ILIFF 


JOHN  WESLEY  ILIFF. 


TLIFF,  JOHN  WESLEY.  A  history  of  Den- 
A  ver  and  Colorado,  containing  biographies 
of  the  pioneers  and  prominent  men,  would 
be  incomplete  without  a  sketch  of  the  life 
of  John  Wesley  Iliff.  Endowed  by  nature 


with  the  mind,  power  and  perseverance  nec- 
essary to  success  in  any  great  avocation,  he 
selected  an  honest  life  of  business,  in  which 
he  met  with  the  most  abundant  success,  and 
left  behind  him  an  example  of  what  can  be 


—282— 


accomplished  by  honest,  persevering  indus- 
try. By  his  great  executive  power  and  force 
of  character  he  won  a  position  which  justly 
entitled  him  to  the  distinction  of  "Cattle 
King  of  the  Plains." 

John  Wesley  Iliff  was  born  December  18, 
1831,  and  was  a  son  of  Thomas  Iliff,  a  well- 
to-do  farmer  and  raiser  of  fine  stock,  near 
Zanesville,  Ohio.  The  precepts  of  honest, 
Christian  parents  undoubtedly  did  much  to- 
ward fitting  their  son  for  future  usefulness. 
He  completed  his  education  at  the  Ohio  Wes- 
leyan  University,  Delaware,  Ohio,  after 
which  his  father,  anxious  to  have  him  re- 
main near  home,  offered  to  invest  $7,500  in  a 
farm  for  him  if  he  would  remain  upon  it. 
But  the  son,  filled  with  ambition  and  stimu- 
lated by  the  accounts  of  western  enterprise 
and  western  fortunes,  declined  this  offer, 
saying:  "No;  give  me  the  $500  and  let  me 
go  west."  Going  to  Kansas,  he  remained 
three  years,  engaging  in  such  enterprises  as 
his  limited  means  would  allow.  In  1859,  the 
glowing  accounts  of  the  discovery  of  gold  at 
Pike's  Peak  were  heralded  throughout  the 
country,  and  Mr.  Iliff  was  among  the  first 
to  cross  the  plains  to  try  his  fortune  in  the 
new  El  Dorado.  Realizing  the  fact  that  the 
vast  army  of  gold-seekers  must  be  fed,  he 
invested  all  his  means  in  a  stock  of  groceries 
and  provisions,  for  which  he  found  an  excel- 
lent market  upon  his  arrival  in  Colorado. 
He  engaged  for  a  short  time  in  business  in 
Denver,  but  in  less  than  a  year  and  a  half 
he  invested  all  he  had  in  a  small  herd  of 
cattle.  This  was  the  foundation  of  his  for- 
tune and  the  beginning  of  the  great  enter- 
prise of  his  life.  From  this  time  on,  his 
course  was  one  of  steady  and  rapid  progress. 
He  made  the  cattle  business  a  study,  giving 
to  it  his  almost  entire  attention  and  best 
efforts.  He  mastered  its  every  detail,  gain- 
ing experience  as  the  business  developed, 
and  becoming  familiar  with  all  its  workings. 
The  influence  of  his  life  upon  the  pastoral 
interests  of  Colorado  and  the  west  can  not 
be  overestimated.  He  blazed  the  cattle  trails 
for  the  great  industry  from  Texas  to  the 
ranges  of  Montana.  His  operations  were 
bold  and  daring.  He  was  a  man  of  indomit- 
able will  and  perseverance.  Whether  facing 
the  blizzards  of  the  mountains  and  plains, 
or  sweltering  in  the  heat  of  the  southern 


trails,  or  with  courage  checking  a  stampede 
of  startled  or  storm-driven  herds;  he  was 
quiet  and  unassuming,  but  always  the  man 
of  nerve  and  steel.  He  declined  to  carry  the 
weapons  borne  by  many  a  cowboy  of  a  later 
period,  and  at  all  times  refused  to  take  in- 
toxicating liquors.  He  lived  on  friendly 
terms  with  the  Indians  and  they  with  him. 
In  business  tact,  integrity  and  good  morals 
his  name  was  a  synonym  for  all  that  is  best 
in  a  business  career  and  that,  too,  amid  the 
wild  life  of  the  then  far  west.  At  the  time 
of  his  death  he  owned  perhaps  the  best  cat- 
tle range  in  the  world,  containing  20,000 
acres  of  pasturage,  and  some  of  the  finest 
springs  and  grazing  valleys  of  the  west.  He 
could  travel  for  a  week,  yet  always  eat  and 
sleep  at  one  of  his  own  ranches.  Here  he 
collected  and  prepared  his  cattle  for  the 
markets  of  Chicago,  Philadelphia  and  New 
York,  and  for  filling  his  numerous  and  ex- 
tensive government  contracts.  His  vast 
herds,  roaming  over  the  great  plains  from 
the  grazing  slopes  of  Montana  to  the  prairies 
of  Texas,  numbered  fully  50,000  head,  of 
which  he  marketed  an  average  of  about  13,- 
000  head  per  year.  With  the  exception  of 
about  a  year  in  the  banking  business  with 
Hon.  Amos  Steck,  in  Wyoming,  he  engaged 
in  no  enterprises  outside  of  the  cattle  busi- 
ness, but  as  his  means  increased  he  increased 
his  herds.  Mr.  Iliff  was  twice  married.  The 
first  time  in  January,  1864,  to  Miss  Sarah 
Elizabeth  Smith,  a  refined  and  cultivated 
lady  of  Delaware,  Ohio,  a  lineal  descendant 
of  John  Smith  of  Pocahontas  fame.  She  died 
in  December,  1865,  leaving  a  young  son,  Wil- 
liam Seward  Iliff.  In  March,  1870,  Mr.  Iliff 
married  Miss  Elizabeth  Sarah  Fraser,  of 
Fitzroy,  Ontario..  Her  father,  William 
Henry  Fraser,  was  a  grandson  of  Colonel 
Simon  Fraser,  who  led  the  Scottish  forces 
in  the  siege  of  Quebec.  Mr.  Iliff  died  Febru- 
ary 9,  1878,  leaving  a  wife  and  four  children 
(William  Seward,  Edna,  Louise  and  John 
Wesley,  Jr.)  to  mourn  his  early  death.  He 
was  temperate,  honest  and  just,  and  his  busi- 
ness career  was  marked  by  a  conscientious 
ness  of  purpose  which  rendered  him  a  desir- 
able neighbor  and  a  most  useful  citizen.  The 
Iliff  School  of  Theology  at  University  Park 
is  a  memorial  of  him,  his  widow  and  chil- 
dren erecting  the  building  and  contributing 
largely  to  the  endowment. 


-283— 


GEORGE  W.  KASSLER 


-284— 


GEORGE  W.  KASSLER. 


ASSLER,  GEORGE  W.,  merchant, 
banker,  insurance,  born  in  Canajoharie, 
Montgomery  county,  New  York,  September 
12,  1836. 

George  "W.  Kassler  received  a  limited 
education  in  his  early  boyhood  and  in  his 
native  town,  where,  at  eleven  years  old,  he 
was  employed  in  a  store,  working  during  the 
summer  months  and  attending  school  in  win- 
ter. In  this  way  he  acquired  knowledge  and 
experience  which  served  as  the  foundation 
for  a  varied  and  successful  business  career. 
At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  he  went  to  Coop- 
ertown,  New  York,  where  he  was  clerk  in 
a  store  for  one  year.  Thereafter  he  was  clerk 
in  the  postoffice  at  Coopertown,  until  1857, 
when  he  came  west  and  located  at  Omaha. 
While  there  he  was  employed  in  the  banking 
house  of  L.  R.  Tuttle  and  A.  U.  Wyman,  each 
of  whom  in  later  years  became  treasurer  of 
the  United  States.  It  was  under  the  train- 
ing of  these  eminent  financiers  that  Mr. 
Kassler  acquired  the  principles  and  methods 
of  his  systematic  and  successful  banking 
career  in  after  years.  Early  in  1860,  he  left 
Omaha  for  Denver,  the  journey,  by  wagon, 
requiring  twenty-four  days.  From  that  time 
till  the  advent  of  the  railway,  he  made  no 
less  than  a  dozen  trips  by  stage  across  the 
plains,  one  trip  being  made  by  wagon  train. 
Arriving  at  Denver  in  April  of  that  year,  he 
immediately  entered  the  banking  house  of 
Turner  &  Hobbs,  as  its  cashier.  Mr.  Kassler 
was  not  only  a  pioneer  settler,  but  a  pioneer 
as  a  financial  expert,  a  promoter  of  business 
activity  and  a  practical  force  among  the 
builders  of  the  new  city  of  the  plains.  At 
the  beginning  of  the  civil  war,  the  firm  of 
Turner  &  Hobbs  closed  its  business  and  the 
partners  returned  to  the  east.  Mr.  Kassler 
was  then  appointed  assistant  to  Major  J.  S. 
Fillmore,  paymaster  of  the  United  States 
army.  About  a  year  later,  while  on  a  visit 
to  the  east,  he  was  appointed  cashier  of  the 
United  States  Mint  at  Denver.  Resigning 
that  position  in  1864,  he  established  a  book 


and  stationery  store  at  the  corner  of  Blake 
and  Fifteenth  streets,  subsequently  adding 
fire  and  life  insurance,  and  continuing  these 
lines  for  ten  years.  He  served,  also,  as  presi- 
dent of  the  Denver  Board  of  Fire  Under- 
writers. In  1873,  Mr.  Kassler  was  elected 
city  treasurer,  serving  two  years.  In  1874, 
he  closed  out  his  mercantile  and  insurance 
business  and  became  actively  connected  with 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Denver  as  assist- 
ant cashier,  the  late  David  H.  Moffat  being 
then  the  cashier.  In  1880,  when  Mr.  Moffat 
was  chosen  as  president  of  the  bank,  Mr. 
Kassler  was  elected  cashier.  In  1882,  Mr. 
Kassler,  through  his  enterprising  activity, 
having  accumulated  a  comfortable  fortune, 
retired  for  rest  and  recuperation.  Besides 
the  fruits  of  his  unflagging  industry,  he  was 
a  careful  and  successful  investor,  and  among 
his  early  achievements  was  the  erection  of 
the  Moffat  &  Kassler  business  building  on 
Lawrence  street,  now  a  valuable  property 
in  the  heart  of  the  city.  Mr.  Kassler  filled 
various  positions  of  responsibility  and  pub- 
lic usefulness.  He  was  deputy  territorial 
treasurer  in  1876 ;  was,  for  many  years,  sec- 
retary of  the  Denver  and  South  Park  Rail- 
road Company;  was  treasurer  of  the  Board 
of  Trade;  for  six  years,  ending  in  1883,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Education 
from  District  Number  One;  from  1883  to 
1889,  he  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board 
of  Capitol  Managers;  resigned  on  account 
of  failing  health.  After  a  protracted  illness, 
Mr.  Kassler  died  July  20,  1890.  He  was  a 
man  of  attractive  personality,  gentle  and 
kindly  in  nature,  having  the  esteem  and 
affection  of  all  who  knew  him  in  business 
and  social  life. 

Mr.  Kassler  married  Miss  Maria  T.  Steb- 
bins  of  Clinton,  New  York,  in  1865.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife  and  two  sons,  all  resi- 
dents of  Denver :  E.  S.  Kassler,  president  of 
the  Kassler  Investment  Company,  and  C.  M. 
Kassler,  secretary. 


—285— 


ROBERT  WILBUR  STEELE 


ROBERT  WILBUR  STEELE, 


Q  TEELE,  ROBERT  WILBUR,  lawyer,  born 
^  at  Lebanon,  Ohio,  November  14,  1857, 
was  the  son  of  Henry  K.  (a  physician)  and 
Mary  Frances  (Dunlavy)  Steele.  Robert  W. 
Steele  is  descended  from  a  line  of  eminent 
professional  men  in  the  early  history  of  Ohio. 
Dr.  Henry  K.  Steele  (1825-1893)  was  for 
many  years  a  physician  in  Denver,  Colorado. 
Dr.  John  Steele  was  grandfather  of  Robert 


W.,  and  on  the  paternal  side,  he  descended 
from  old  Virginia  stock,  among  the  early 
settlers  of  Kentucky  and,  later,  pioneers  of 
Ohio.  Dr.  Henry  K.  Steele  was  educated  at 
Center  College,  Danville,  Kentucky,  taking 
his  degree  in  medicine  and  surgery  at  the 
University  of  New  York.  In  the  civil  war 
he  was  surgeon  of  the  Forty-fourth  Ohio 
Infantry  and  the  Eighth  Ohio  Cavalry,  serv- 


—286- 


ing  till  the  close  of  the  conflict.  He  re- 
moved to  Denver  in  1870,  and  was  one  of 
the  organizers  of  the  Colorado  Medical  So- 
ciety. He  filled  various  positions  of  honor 
and  responsibility,  serving  the  public  with- 
out pay. 

Robert  Wilbur  Steele,  deceased,  the  only 
son  and  late  Chief  Justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Colorado,  came  to  Denver  with  his 
parents  in  1870.  Having  received  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  Dayton, 
Ohio,  he  entered  the  Denver  public  schools, 
graduating  from  the  first  class  of  the  Denver 
High  School  in  1877.  In  1878-1879,  he  at- 
tended the  law  department  of  the  Columbian 
University,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1881.  From  1880  to  1884,  Mr.  Steele  served 
as  clerk  of  the  Arapahoe  county  court,  re- 
signing that  position  to  engage  in  the  prac- 
tice of  the  law.  For  his  beginning  he  had 
the  esteem  of  his  fellow  barristers  and  the 
friendship  of  all  classes  of  the  people.  His 
fine  intelligence,  his  noble  nature  and  the 
sturdy  qualities  of  his  young  manhood,  as 
manifested  in  faithful  application  to  what- 
ever calling  and,  withal,  uniting  a  charming 
personality  with  a  wide  comprehension  of  the 
law,  his  many  virtues  strongly  commended 
him  to  public  favor  and  he  began  his  official 
life  at  an  early  period  in  his  professional 
career.  In  1891,  Mr.  Steele  was  elected  dis- 
trict attorney  for  the  Second  Judicial  Dis- 
trict, resigned  and  was  appointed  to  fill  a 
vacancy  as  judge  of  the  Arapahoe  rnnnty 
court.  By  election  in  1895,  he  continued 
upon  that  bench  until  1898. 

In  the  fall  of  1900,  he  was  elected  to 
the  highest  judicial  office  in  the  state,  tak- 
ing his  seat  as  a  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Colorado  in  January,  1901.  He 
arose  to  the  position  of  Chief  Justice  in  1907, 
and  continued  as  the  presiding  offices  until 
his  death.  He  was  stricken  with  apoplexy, 
September  21,  and  died  October  12,  1910. 
Whether  in  professional  pursuit  or  public 
service,  Judge  Steele 's  preferment  was  not 
due  to  partisan  sentiment  or  political  affili- 
ation so  much  as  to  his  high  degree  of  intel- 
lectual capacity,  his  exalted  sense  of  right, 
tempered  by  a  noble  and  benevolent  nature — 
all  combining  in  the  one  personality  to  make 
him  greatly  popular  among  all  political  par- 
ties and  all  classes  of  the  people.  Though 
nominally  a  republican  at  an  earlier  period, 
but  latterly  yielding  no  avowed  allegiance 
to  any  partisan  organization,  he  had  an 
equal  claim  upon  all,  and  was  renominated 
for  the  supreme  bench  by  acclamation,  at 
the  democratic  state  convention  in  Denver, 
September  15,  1910,  only  a  week  before 
his  fatal  illness.  He  was  a  man  of  the  peo- 


ple and  the  people  of  Colorado  claimed  him 
as  their  own. 

Justice  Steele,  in  the  case  of  Elder  versus 
Sours,  delivered  the  opinion  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  sustaining  the  constitutionality  of  the 
Rush  Bill,  on  the  consolidation  of  the  City 
and  County  of  Denver.  In  a  later  case,  that 
of  the  People  ex.  rel.  Johnson,  the  Supreme 
Court  held  that  there  were  two  sets  of  of- 
ficers, Justice  Steele  and  Justice  Gunter  dis- 
senting. In  the  recent  case  of  the  State  of 
Colorado,  ex.  rel.,  the  Attorney  General,  ver- 
sus George  D.  Curtice,  et.  al.,  respondents, 
Justice  Bailey  overruled  the  opinion  of  the 
Johnson  case,  and  held  that  the  City  and 
County  of  Denver  was  entitled  to  but  one 
set  of  officers.  In  delivering  his  opinion, 
Justice  Bailey  referred  with  approval  to  the 
dissenting  opinion  of  Justice  Steele  in  the 
Johnson  case,  holding  it  to  be  the  law  "be- 
cause of  its  convincing,  exhaustive,  and  un- 
answerable discussion  of  the  subject." 

One  of  his  most  important  and  beneficent 
decisions  for  the  people  of  Denver,  was  in  the 
case  of  "The  City  and  County  of  Denver  et 
al.  vs.  Hallett,  Executor."  The  decision  pro- 
vided for  the  erection  of  the  auditorium  by 
the  people  of  Denver,  for  the  use  of  the  pub- 
lic. An  illustration  of  his  humanity  and  pa- 
triotism is  the  inscription  which  he  gave  for 
the  corner  stone : 

"Let  all  the  nations  be  gathered  together 
—let  the  people  be  assembled."  This  deci- 
sion gave  him  more  satisfaction  than  any 
other,  as  he  felt  that  he  had  accomplished 
something  for  the  people. 

Upon  all  questions,  whether  for  the  adju- 
dication of  the  courts,  in  state  or  municipal 
affairs,  or  questions  affecting  the  business 
and  social  life  of  the  community,  he  was 
courageous  and  unyielding  in  his  position 
for  equity  and  right ;  and  thus  his  benign 
influence  pervaded  all  circles  and  reached 
from  the  humblest  elements  of  society  to 
the  highest  dignitaries  of  the  land.  His  able 
and  equitable  opinions  and  decisions  from 
the  bench  characterize  him  as  sublime  in  his 
rectitude,  impressive  in  his  learning  and  en- 
title him  to  honor  as  "the  ideal  minister  of 
the  constitution  and  the  law."  In  him  was 
vested  the  power  to  inspire  the  people  with 
reverence  for  the  courts  and  a  revered  con- 
fidence in  justice  therefrom.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal  Legion 
and  affiliated  with  several  fraternal  organ- 
izations. 

Judge  Steele  was  married  in  Toledo,  Ohio, 
to  Miss  Anna  B.,  daughter  of  P.  B.  Truax,  of 
Toledo,  Ohio,  February  28,  1884.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife  and  two  children,  Jane  G. 
and  Robert  W.  Steele,  Junior. 


—287— 


JAMES  G.  KILPATRICK 


—288— 


JAMES  G.  KILPATRICK. 


ILPATRICK,  JAMES  G.,  merchant,  born 
in  County  Armagh,  Ireland,  May  2, 
1848,  son  of  James  and  Sarah  (Gass)  Kilpat- 
rick,  died  in  Denver,  Colorado,  October  17, 
1895,  was  descended  from  a  long  line  of 
Irish  ancestors. 

James  G.  Kilpatrick  received  a  good  com- 
mon education  in  his  native  country.  He 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1866,  first 
locating  in  St.  Louis,  Missouri,  in  May  of 
that  year,  and  there  engaged  as  bookkeeper 
in  a  notion  house.  He  continued  in  that 
position  for  two  and  a  half  years,  and  in 
1869,  purchased  and  located  upon  a  farm 
near  Pleasant  Hill,  Missouri.  After  a  brief 
experience  at  farming,  he  sold  out  and  went 
to  Baxter  Springs,  Kansas,  where  he  en- 
gaged as  clerk  and  bookkeeper  for  about  one 
year.  He  then  formed  a  partnership  with 
Guren  &  Hunter  at  Baxter  Springs  and 
bought  out  the  interests  of  his  employer, 
dealing  in  dry  goods  and  general  merchan- 
dise. He  thus  continued  for  one  year,  when 
the  firm  of  Hunter  &  Kilpatrick  succeeded 
to  the  business,  and,  under  this  organization, 
Mr.  Kilpatrick  continued  for  about  one  year 
longer.  The  latter  firm  then  sold  out  all 
interests  and  Mr.  Kilpatrick  came  to  Denver 
in  July,  1872.  Here  he  again  entered  into 
the  dry  goods  business  as  a  clerk.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  capacity  for  a  short  time  and 
then  took  charge  of  the  books  in  the  furni- 
ture store  of  Smith  &  Doll.  In  that  position 
he  remained  for  about  eighteen  months.  In 
1874,  he  formed  a  partnership  with  Robert 
Brown  of  Cincinnati  and  opened  the  Kilpat- 
rick &  Brown  furniture  store.  This  partner- 
ship terminated  in  1884,  and  the  business 
was  conducted  thereafter  by  Mr.  Kilpatrick 
alone.  This  was  the  first  large  retail  and 
wholesale  furniture  store  in  the  state.  The 
business  prospered  and  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  Mr.  Kilpatrick,  it  was  one  of 
the  most  successful  mercantile  enterprises  in 
Denver,  having  a  widely  extended  wholesale 


trade.  Such  continues  to  be  the  status  of  the 
house.  The  business  was  continued  by  Mr. 
Kilpatrick  under  the  style  of  Kilpatrick  & 
Brown  until  the  former's  death,  and  follow- 
ing this  event,  the  James  G.  Kilpatrick  Fur- 
niture Company  was  organized,  with  Mrs. 
Annie  L.,  widow  of  James  G.  Kilpatrick, 
president;  and  Mr.  Julian  T.  Clarke,  her 
brother,  vice-president  and  general  man- 
ager. Under  this  organization  the  business 
is  continued  to  the  present  day.  It  is  the 
oldest  furniture  house  in  Denver  continu- 
ing in  the  business.  The  new  store  of  the 
company  at  1633-1639  California  street  forms 
an  admirable  feature  of  the  splendid  growth 
of  Denver  in  the  past  fifteen  years.  It  is 
one  of  the  great  and  luxurious  stores  of 
medium  and  fine  furniture,  in  conformity 
with  the  more  exacting  demand  for  costly 
house  equipment  in  the  west.  At  the  time 
of  his  death,  Mr.  Kilpatrick  was  president 
of  the  Denver  Athletic  Club,  and  likewise 
a  trustee  of  the  Central  Presbyterian  church. 
He  was  on  the  building  committee  of  both 
these  institutions,  and  supervised  the  erec- 
tion of  both  buildings.  He  was  a  devout 
Presbyterian  and  a  staunch  member  of  the 
Central  church. 

Mr.  Kilpatrick  is  remembered  as  a  mer- 
chant of  great  enterprise,  a  progressive  and 
public-spirited  citizen,  contributing  in  large 
measure  to  the  advancement  and  prosperity 
of  the  city — an  exemplary  man  in  business 
and  in  all  the  relations  of  life. 

He  married  in  Denver,  July  28,  1873, 
Annie  Laurie  Clarke,  of  East  Haddam,  Con- 
necticut, who  survives  him.  Mrs.  Kilpatrick 
is  a  daughter  of  Jonathan  Tillotson  and 
Emma  (Webb)  Clarke  of  East  Haddam.  On 
the  maternal  side  her  father  was  descended 
from  the  Willards.  Colonel  Simon  Willard 
of  that  branch  of  the  family  and  from  whom 
Mrs.  Kilpatrick  is  eighth  in  descent,  was 
one  of  the  founders  of  Concord,  Massachu- 
setts. 


-289— 


AARON  DENNISON  LEWIS 


—290— 


AARON  DENNISON  LEWIS. 


T  EWIS,  AARON  DENNISON,  merchant, 
son  of  Aaron  Thompson  and  Josephine 
(Russell)  Lewis,  was  born  November  22, 
1865,  in  Roseville,  Illinois.  His  father,  A.  T. 
Lewis,  born  March  19,  1831,  died  January 
20,  1907,  farmer,  banker,  merchant,  the  late 
senior  member  of  the  dry  goods  firm  of  A.  T. 
Lewis  &  Company,  was  for  many  years  one 
of  the  leading  business  men  of  Denver,  and 
prominent  citizen,  identified  with  the  growth 
and  prosperity  of  the  city  and  state.  Jose- 
phine, his  mother,  was  the  daughter  of  Jon- 
athan and  Amanda  Lyon  Russell. 

Mr.  Lewis  is  a  Son  of  the  Revolution  and 
has  an  historic  and  proud  lineage,  extending 
back  to  the  Mayflower,  upon  which  vessel 
came  his  ancestor,  Edward  Doty,  in  1620, 
the  name  of  the  latter  being  inscribed  on  the 
Plymouth  Monument.  In  the  paternal  line, 
his  ancestor,  Samuel  Lewis,  came  from 
Wales  in  1732,  and  settled  in  New  Jersey. 

Mr.  Lewis  came  to  Denver,  February  27, 
1880,  and  from  1883  to  1888,  he  was  em- 
ployed by  Daniels  &  Fisher,  of  that  city.  In 
1888,  he  removed  to  Breckenridge,  Colo- 
rado, where  he  owned  and  conducted  a  dry 
goods  business.  He  established  a  large  and 
successful  trade,  remaining  in  Breckenridge 
until  1890,  when  he  returned  to  Denver. 

In  November  of  the  year  1890,  he  started 
in  business  in  Denver,  under  the  firm  name 
and  style  of  Lewis  Son  &  Barrow.  When  he 
opened  this  new  dry  goods  house,  it  was 
with  a  small  beginning  and  modest  surround- 


ings, the  employees  numbering  only  ten. 

This  business  was  afterward  incorporated 
under  the  name  of  The  A.  T.  Lewis  &  Son 
Dry  Goods  Company.  The  company  now 
employs  six  hundred  people  in  its  several 
and  large  departments,  and  maintains  buy- 
ing offices  in  New  York,  Paris,  Berlin  and 
Chemnitz.  At  the  beginning,  its  sales  were 
a  few  thousands  of  dollars  a  year ;  now  they 
aggregate  several  millions  of  dollars  annu- 
ally. 

The  firm  is  known  and  recognized  as  not 
only  one  of  the  great  dry  goods  houses  of 
Denver,  but  of  Colorado  and  the  west.  The 
integrity  and  stability  of  this  firm  is  one  of 
its  strongest  assets.  From  the  establish- 
ment of  this  house,  to  the  present  time,  only 
goods  of  the  best  quality  and  highest  grade 
have  stocked  its  counters  and  shelves.  These 
salient  features,  together  with  fair  dealing, 
honest  methods  and  consistent  service,  have 
built  up  this  great  dry  goods  establishment. 

Mr.  Lewis  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  the  Colorado 
Traffic  Club,  the  Denver  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, the  Colorado  Manufacturers'  Associ- 
ation and  the  Retail  Merchants'  Association. 

Mr.  Lewis  married  in  Denver,  Colorado, 
February  8,  1898,  Miss  Luella  E.,  daughter 
of  George  and  Caroline  Brand  of  Denver. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lewis  are  prominent  in  the 
social  life  of  Denver.  They  have  two  child- 
ren, Flora  Luella,  and  George  Dennison. 


—291— 


ALBERT  EDMUND  HUMPHREYS 


—292— 


ALBERT  EDMUND  HUMPHREYS. 


fJUMPHREYS,  ALBERT  EDMUND,  min- 
A  A  ing,  born  January  11,  1860,  in  Kanawha 
county,  Virginia  (now  "West  Virginia),  is 
the  son  of  Ira  A.  and  Eleanor  A.  (Dawson) 
Humphreys.  She  was  the  daughter  of  John 
R.  and  Lily  Dawson.  He  is  a  descendant 
of  the  Humphreys  of  Virginia,  whose  pro- 
genitor was  a  martyr,  one  of  the  seven  Hum- 
phreys who  suffered  persecution  and  mar- 
tyrdom. The  derivation  of  the  Humphreys 
name  is  supposed  to  be  from  the  French, 
homme,  man,  and  vrai,  true,  meaning  true 
man.  The  name  is  found  in  the  ancient  rec- 
ords as  Amfreville  (with  various  spellings 
of  the  same)  in  Normandy,  which  is  consid- 
ered the  origin  of  the  family  history.  Later 
the  "h"  appeared,  and  from  Humphreys, 
now  the  more  general  way  of  spelling  it,  the 
name  may  be  traced  to  Humphreyes,  Hum- 
frey,  Humphrie,  and  other  derivations.  From 
the  days  of  the  crusades,  when  Le  Sire 
d'Umphrayville  was  constable  of  Jerusalem, 
and  from  the  conquest  of  England  by  Wil- 
liam the  Conquerer  in  1066,  who  was  accom- 
panied by  Sir  Robert  d'Umfreville,  down 
through  the  centuries,  they  were  valiant 
knights  and  brave  warriors,  from  whom 
sprang  the  colonial  Humphreys  of  Virginia, 
who  were  patriots  in  the  American  revolu- 
tion. 

Albert  E.  Humphreys,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of 
Kanawha  county,  West  Virginia,  and  at 
Marshall  college,  Huntington,  West  Virginia, 


and  first  engaged  in  business  with  his  father 
in  1876.  He  was  one  of  the  discoverers  of 
the  great  Mesaba  iron  range  in  Minnesota, 
and  owns  gold  and  silver  mines  in  Brit- 
ish Columbia,  Colorado  and  other  western 
states.  His  interests  at  the  present  time  in- 
clude large  investments  in  Crcede,  Colorado. 
He  has  been  engaged  for  more  than  twenty 
years  in  the  mining  business,  and  in  addition 
to  his  western  enterprises,  he  owns  and  con- 
trols large  coal  properties  in  West  Virginia. 
Mr.  Humphreys  came  to  Colorado  in  1896 
and  spends  a  part  of  his  time  in  West  Vir- 
ginia. 

Mr.  Humphreys  is  a  member  of  the  Den- 
ver Club,  Denver  Country  Club,  and  Denver 
Athletic  Club,  Denver;  the  Edgewood  Coun- 
try Club,  Charleston,  West  Virginia;  Oak- 
shore  Club,  Rockport,  Texas. 

In  Levana,  Ohio,  November  3,  1887,  he 
married  Alice  K.  Boyd,  daughter  of  Captain 
C.  W.  and  Margaret  Boyd  of  Levana.  They 
have  two  children:  Ira  B,  a  successful  in- 
ventor, and  Albert  E.,  Jr. 

The  Boyd  family  are  of  Kentucky  origin 
and  Mrs.  Humphrey's  mother  was  of  the 
McMeeken  family  of  Pennsylvania.  Her  pa- 
ternal grandmother  was  a  Gibson  of  Ken- 
tucky and  through  the  Boyd  branch  of  the 
family  Mrs.  Humphreys  traces  her  ancestry 
in  a  direct  line  to  revolutionary  stock,  sev- 
eral of  her  ancestors  having  held  commis- 
sions in  Washington's  army. 


—293— 


WILLIAM  B.  HARRISON 


—291— 


WILLIAM  B.  HARRISON. 


UABRISON,  WILLIAM  B.,  attorney,  was 
born  in  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  on 
November  18,  1851.  Henry  Harrison,  his 
father,  was  born  on  May  13,  1823,  and  still 
resides  on  his  Virginia  plantation,  known  as 
' '  West  Hill. ' '  His  mother  was  Jane  St.  Glair 
Cochran,  daughter  of  George  M.  and  Maria 
B.  Cochran.  Mr.  Harrison  comes  of  an  old 
and  distinguished  family.  Benjamin  Harri- 
son settled  in  Surry  county,  Virginia,  in 
1635,  and  from  him  were  descended  Benjamin 
Harrison,  one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declara- 
tion of  Independence;  William  H.  Harrison 
and  Benjamin  Harrison,  presidents  of  the 
United  States;  and  Carter  H.  Harrison, 
mayor  of  Chicago.  Among  Mr.  Harrison's 
ancestors  were  Colonel  Archibald  Gary,  a 
revolutionary  patriot,  who  presided  over  the 
Virginia  convention  of  1776,  and  Robert  Car- 
ter, known,  on  account  of  his  great  wealth, 
as  "King  Carter,"  a  colonial  governor  of 
Virginia.  A  brother,  George  M.  Harrison,  is 
one  of  the  judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  of 
Virginia,  and  another  brother,  Randolph 
Harrison,  is  an  eminent  lawyer  of  that  state. 
Mr.  Harrison  received  his  first  education 
from  tutors  in  his  father's  family  and  at 
Powers'  preparatory  school  in  Staunton, 
Virginia,  after  which  he  matriculated  at  the 


University  of  Virginia,  where  he  studied  law 
in  1874  and  1875.  After  leaving  the  univer- 
sity he  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Staun- 
ton, Virginia,  where  he  resided  from  1875 
until  1883.  He  came  to  Colorado  in  the  lat- 
ter year  and  settled  in  Denver,  where  he  has 
since  lived  and  practiced  his  profession. 

Mr.  Harrison  has  had  an  active  and  suc- 
cessful professional  career.  He  has  success- 
fully conducted  a  number  of  important 
cases  before  the  Interstate  Commerce  Com- 
mission, and  much  of  the  commercial  equal- 
ity now  enjoyed  by  Denver  is  due  to  his 
efforts.  Mr.  Harrison  has,  for  some  years, 
been  a  standing  master  in  chancery  and  ref- 
eree in  bankruptcy  in  the  Federal  Court, 
having  contributed  valuable  service  in  the 
formation  of  the  practice  of  bankruptcy  in 
this  jurisdiction. 

Mr.  Harrison  and  Miss  Janet  Colquhoun 
Withers,  daughter  of  Reverend  Edmund 
Withers,  were  married  in  Norwood,  Virginia, 
on  September  30,  1879.  Two  children  were 
born  to  this  union.  One  daughter,  Clara 
Colquhoun  Harrison,  is  the  wife  of  Lieuten- 
ant William  W.  Edwards,  Tenth  Cavalry, 
United  States  Army,  and  the  other  daugh, 
ter  died  in  childhood. 


—295— 


RODELPHUS  HOWARD  GILMORE 


—296— 


RODELPHUS  HOWARD  GILMORE. 


ILMORE,  RODELPHUS  HOWARD, 
lawyer,  born  in  Leeds,  Maine,  February 
19,  1842,  was  the  son  of  Colonel  John  and 
Eliza  (Otis)  Gilmore.  Through  both  his  pa- 
ternal and  maternal  lines,  Judge  Gilmore  is 
connected  with  prominent  colonial  families 
of  New  England,  in  military  and  civil  life. 
His  ancestor,  James  Gilmore,  a  Scotch-Irish 
Presbyterian,  because  of  the  religious  perse- 
cution of  that  period,  sailed  from  London, 
for  Massachusetts,  in  1715,  and  became  the 
ancestor  of  this  branch  of  the  Gilmore  fam- 
ily in  America. 

Judge  Gilmore 's  father,  Colonel  John  Gil- 
more,  commanded  a  regiment  of  Massachu- 
setts infantry  in  the  War  of  1812.  He  was 
born  in  1790,  and  at  the  age  of  23,  when 
at  the  head  of  this  regiment,  the  credit  was 
largely  due  and  given  him,  in  repelling  the 
British  from  the  southern  coast  of  Massa- 
chusetts in  that  war.  He  made  his  residence 
at  Easton,  Massachusetts.  His  wife  was  the 
daughter  of  Oliver  Otis,  and  a  sister  of  Hon- 
orable John  Otis,  of  a  distinguished  New 
England  family.  In  the  Lothrop  lineage,  an 
ancestor  was  a  gallant  soldier  in  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution.  His  great-grandfather,  Ma- 
jor Daniel  Lothrop,  was  in  command  of  the 
artillery,  overlooking  Dorchester  Heights,  at 
the  time  Washington  assumed  command  of 
the  army,  and  his  son,  Lieutenant  Daniel 
Lothrop,  was  with  the  troops  at  Valley 
Forge.  General  0.  O.  Howard,  one  of  the 
great  military  leaders  of  the  civil  war,  was 
a  half-brother  of  Judge  Gilmore.  Thus  from 
colonial  days,  and  from  the  revolution  to  the 
civil  war,  his  family  has  been  prominently 
connected  with  the  military  history  of  the 
country. 

Judge  Gilmore  attended  the  Philips- 
Andover  Academy,  Andover,  Massachusetts, 
and  then  entered  Bowdoin  College,  where  he 
was  graduated  in  1863,  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  In  1865,  he  received  his  LL.  B.  from 
the  Albany  Law  School.  In  1872,  Bowdoin 
gave  him  an  honorary  A.  M. 

He  began  the  practice  of  the  law  in  1865, 
at  Richmond,  Indiana,  where  he  remained 
four  months,  and  then  removed  to  Cedar 
Rapids,  Iowa,  where  he  rose  rapidly  in  his 


profession,  and  made  his  residence  until 
1880.  During  a  period  of  eight  years,  he 
was  judge  of  the  bankruptcy  court,  at  that 
place,  when  the  proceedings  were  conducted 
under  the  old  practice.  He  also  took  a  lead- 
ing part  in  politics,  and  in  1872,  was  a  presi- 
dential elector  in  Iowa,  on  the  republican 
ticket,  in  the  Grant  campaign. 

In  1880,  Judge  Gilmore  removed  to  Colo- 
rado, where  he  has  since  remained,  in  the 
successful  practice  of  the  law.  He  first 
located  in  Golden,  but  in  March,  1882,  he  re- 
moved to  Denver,  which  is  still  his  residence. 
He  formed  a  partnership  with  the  Honorable 
Frank  Tilford,  the  latter  a  democratic  leader, 
who,  later,  became  state  senator.  Their 
partnership  lasted  until  the  death  of  Senator 
Tilford.  Judge  Gilmore  was  a  member  of 
the  house  of  the  Colorado  legislature  in  1885, 
elected  on  the  republican  ticket,  and  was  an 
active  participant  in  the  proceedings  of  that 
body.  He  has  an  extensive  land  law  prac- 
tice, which  he  has  made  a  specialty,  and  in 
this  line  ranks  with  the  most  eminent  of  his 
profession,  not  only  in  this  state,  but  in  the 
west.  He  is  a  member  of  the  state  and  local 
bar  associations.  His  investments  at  Glen 
Park,  adjoining  Palmer  Lake,  made  him  one 
of  the  founders  of  that  delightful  "Glen" 
and  a  favorite  summer  resort.  In  church 
and  Sunday  school  work,  he  has  exerted  a 
wide  influence  for  the  good  and  the  morals 
of  the  state.  At  Glen  Park  was  established 
a  chautauqua,  where,  since  1887,  have  been 
heard  many  of  the  best  lecturers  and  plat- 
form speakers  in  the  country,  and  in  all  this 
work  he  has  been  identified  as  a  patron  and 
founder. 

Judge  Gilmore  married,  first,  at  Leeds, 
Maine,  in  1867,  Miss  Rosa  Deane,  who  died 
in  1876.  They  had  three  children,  of  whom 
one  daughter,  who  was  married  to  William 
L.  Knisell  of  Denver,  survives.  He  married, 
second,  in  1885,  Miss  Belle  Wightman  of 
Denver,  and  of  this  marriage  were  born 
three  children:  Hugh,  who  was  graduated 
from  Colorado  College  in  1910,  with  degree 
of  A.  B. ;  Faith,  who  has  been  a  student  at 
Colorado  College  and  the  University  of  Den- 
ver, and  Roy  Wightman. 


—297— 


GEORGE  LAWRENCE  McDERMOTT 


—298- 


GEORGE  LAWRENCE  McDERMOTT. 


T\  ERMOTT,  GEORGE  LAWRENCE, 
ix  jyj  j)  born  in  Neenah,  AVisconsin, 
March  27,  1871,  is  of  Irish  parentage.  His 
father,  Daniel  (born  in  Ireland,  1813,  died 
February,  1910),  married  Ellen  White, 
daughter  of  a  merchant  in  Tipperary,  Ire- 
land. He  immigrated  to  America  in  1830, 
living  to  the  advanced  age  of  ninety-seven, 
and  the  lady  who  became  his  wife  came  in 
1840. 

Dr.  McDermott  had  been  an  indefatigible 
worker,  being  thrown  on  his  own  efforts  and 
self-reliance,  and  there  was  thus  developed 
that  energy  and  the  laying  of  the  foundation 
of  his  future  success,  as  a  self-made  man. 
He  utilized  opportunities  when  they  came, 
and  when  they  did  aot  come,  he  made  them 
for  himself.  This  has  been  a  chief  trait  of 
Dr.  McDermott  from  early  school  days,  in 
college,  and  later  in  the  professional  and 
business  world. 

He  was  educated  in  the  public  schools  at 
Neenah,  Wisconsin,  and  then  the  Rush  Med- 
ical College,  in  Chicago,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1897.  He  then  began  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  in  his  native  city, 
which  he  also  followed  for  a  time  in  Chi- 
cago. Early  in  his  career,  he  became  promi- 
nent as  an  instructor  and  teacher,  in  Chi- 
cago, and  at  the  University  of  Illinois,  teach- 
ing the  senior  medicine  in  the  latter,  1902- 
1908. 

He  then  decided  to  come  west  and  locate, 
and  to  the  young  physician,  Colorado  pre- 
sented a  favorable  outlook,  affording  oppor- 
tunities for  investment,  as  well  as  the  prac- 
tice of  medicine.  He  first  made  a  brief  stay 
in  Colorado  Springs,  then  coming  to  Denver, 


1908,  where  he  has  been  eminently  success- 
ful in  his  profession. 

Dr.  McDermott  is  a  member  of  the  Amer- 
ican Medical  Association.  He  married,  in 
Chicago,  in  1899,  Miss  Eva  Considine.  They 
have  three  children:  Evelyn,  eleven  years 
of  age;  George  Lawrence,  Jr.,  seven,  and 
Clement  E.,  one  year  of  age. 

Dr.  McDermott  has  also  been  fortunate 
in  business  and  real  estate  investments. 
With  a  keen,  practical  insight,  he  has  been 
both  prosperous  and  successful  in  his  real 
estate  transactions,  in  buying,  building  and 
selling. 

He  also  bought  the  Consumers  Brewing 
Company,  in  August,  1910,  which  he  at  once 
placed  on  a  good  business  footing,  and  or- 
ganized the  Capitol  Brewing  Company  in 
September,  the  same  year,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $400,000,  the  doctor  being  made  the 
president  of  the  company,  which  position  he 
still  holds.  Since  taking  over  this  brewery, 
the  plant  has  been  doubled.  He  has  been 
treasurer  of  the  Colorado  Investment-Securi- 
ties Company,  since  its  organization,  early 
in  1911,  and  still  continues  his  activity  in 
real  estate.  He  is  the  inventor  of  several 
electrical  devices,  and  an  internal  combus- 
tion gas  engine. 

Dr.  McDermott  is  a  great  lover  and  ad- 
mirer of  nature,  and  more  especially  the  wild 
and  rugged  scenery  of  the  west.  Although 
known  to  close  and  intimate  friends,  it  will 
be  a  surprise  to  the  general  public  to  learn 
that  Dr.  McDermott  is  also  a  poet.  He  lately 
published  a  volume  of  poems,  for  private  cir- 
culation among  his  friends,  in  which  he  de- 
scribed nature  in  Colorado,  its  mountains 
and  scenery. 


—299— 


ABRAM  EMERSON  MINIUM 


ABRAM  EMERSON  MINIUM. 


XrtlNIUM,  ABRAM  EMERSON,  mining, 
•*•  •*•  born  in  Batavia,  Kane  county,  111., 
Feb.  23,  1862,  is  the  son  of  Jacob  John 
(1831-1901),  and  Ruth  (Bower)  Minium. 
The  family  is  Pennsylvania  Dutch,  coming 


from  that  state  to  111.,  his  father  who  had 
formerly  been  a  shoemaker,  opening  a  general 
mercantile  store  in  Batavia. 

Abram  E.  Minium  received  his  education 
in  the  public  schools  of  his  native  town,  and 


—300— 


then  entered  the  employ  of  the  Newton 
Wagon  Company  of  Batavia,  as  a  blacksmith 
and  later  as  a  painter.  For  a  time  he  was 
engaged  in  the  painting  contract  business, 
which  was  followed  by  that  of  solicitor  for 
life  insurance.  Believing  that  still  greater 
opportunities  were  aflorded  in  the  West,  he 
came  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  for  a  time 
led  a  prospector's  life.  Although  he  found 
gold,  yet  he  came  upon  what  he  considered 
better  than  a  gold  mine. 

Mr.  Minium  does  not  claim  to  have  been 
the  original  discoverer  of  asbestos  in  Wyo- 
ming, yet  he  more  than  all  others  is  given  the 
honor  and  credit  of  financing  and  developing 
the  different  propositions  that  were  pre- 
sented. He  is  sometimes  known  as  "Asbes- 
tos" Minium,  because  of  his  prominence  in 
promoting  and  pushing  this  industry.  In 
1891  he  came  to  Denver,  which  he  has  since 
made  his  headquarters,  although  much  of 
his  time  has  been  spent  in  Wyoming.  It 
was  in  1897,  that  he  located  a  part  of  the 
asbestos  mining  properties,  one  of  which  was 
discovered  by  his  wife,  which  are  now  oper- 
ated by  the  company. 

The  International  Asbestos  Mills  &  Power 
Company  was  incorporated  Sep.  17,  1909, 
under  the  laws  of  Wyo.,  with  a  capital  stock 
of  $5,000,000.  At  the  present  time  (1911) 
the  officers  of  the  company  are:  A.  E.  Min- 
ium, president;  Tony  P.  Michael,  vice-pres- 
ident; Henry  C.  Beeler,  E.  M.,  consulting 
engineer  and  secretary;  and,  C.  H.  Parker, 
M.  E.,  gen.  mgr.  of  the  mines  and  mills.  The 
company  owns  outright  the  lands  or  controls 
the  product  of  more  than  80  per  cent  of  all 
the  proven  and  available  asbestos  lands  in 
the  Casper  (Wyo.)  Mountain  district.  Mr. 
Minium  has  made  a  special  study  of  asbestos 
and  its  history,  and  prospected  pracically 
every  foot  of  these  asbestos  lands  near  Casper, 
in  Natrona  county,  Wyo.  His  practical  ex- 
perience in  mining,  together  with  executive 
ability,  and  his  aggressive  yet  judicious  and 
economic  policy,  eminently  fit  him  for  the 
position.  Mr.  Beeler,  the  consulting  engi- 
neer, is  a  graduate  of  the  Colorado  State 
School  of  Mines  and  for  eight  years  was  the 
State  Geologist  of  Wyoming.  S.  E.  Colyer, 
secretary  of  the  Northwestern  Asbestos  Mills 
Company,  an  affiliated  company,  and  C.  H. 
Parker,  the  general  manager  of  the  mills 
and  mines,  together  with  Prof.  Beeler  and 
others,  have  proven  an  able  corps  of  asso- 
ciates with  Mr.  Minium,  in  pushing  this  ex- 
tensive asbestos  enterprise. 

The  product  is  at  present  being  manu- 
factured and  sold,  with  orders  from  the  far 
east.  Three  Denver  firms  that  formerly 
bought  the  Canadian  product,  are  now  using 
only  Wyoming  asbestos.  The  International 


Asbestos  Mills  &  Power  Company  has  leased 
the  reduction  plant  of  the  Colorado  Iron 
Works  and  is  treating  the  ores  as  they  come 
from  the  Wyoming  properties.  This  effects  a 
saving  in  freight,  and  the  sand  and  crushed 
rock  are  utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  as- 
bestos cement  and  plaster. 

The  Northwestern  Asbestos  Mills  Com- 
pany, an  affiliated  company  with  the  Inter- 
national, was  organized  under  the  laws  of 
Wyoming,  October  20,  1910,  with  a  capital 
stock  of  $5,000,000,  but  each  company  has  its 
own  mines  and  mills.  The  plant  at  Denver, 
crushes  and  fiberizes  the  raw  material,  and 
in  reality,  four  asbestos  factories  are  now 
operated  in  this  city. 

The  asbestos  product  has  recently  de- 
veloped an  increased  demand  in  the  commer- 
cial world,  entering  largely  into  the  useful 
arts,  owing  to  its  fibrous  nature,  its  conserva- 
tion of  heat,  and  protection  against  fire.  A  con- 
servative estimate  places  the  fuel  saving,  re- 
sulting from  its  protection,  at  25  per  cent. 
The  U.  S.  has  led  other  countries  for  years  in 
manufacturing  asbestos  goods,  but  until  re- 
cently, almost  all  the  raw  asbestos  thus  used 
has  been  imported  from  Canada,  where  there 
are  19  quarries  and  mills,  having  a  capacity 
of  8,500  tons  of  rock  a  day,  and  employing 
in  summer,  more  than  3,000  persons.  Yet, 
last  year  it  was  reported  that  Canada,  the 
leading  producer  of  all,  was  $3,500,000  short 
in  supplying  the  demands  of  the  U.  S.  It 
will  thus  be  seen,  that  the  asbestos  industry  of 
this  country  is  in  its  infancy,  and  has  a  splen- 
did future.  When  that  future  shall  develop 
with  the  working  of  the  American  mines  and 
mills  into  a  great  industry,  Abram  E.  Minium 
will  be  known  and  remembered  as  one  of  its 
founders.  Success  has  already  come  to  him, 
who  was  once  the  humble  prospector  in  the 
Wyo.  asbestos  district,  and  the  future  is  most 
promising. 

Mr.  Minium  is  vice-president  of  the 
National  Institute  of  Laws,  a  business  men's 
association  at  Kansas  City,  with  branches  in 
Chicago  and  New  York. 

He  also  has  a  genius  for  invention.  A 
carding  machine  has  been  invented  by  him 
for  fiberizing  asbestos,  and  one  of  his  ma- 
chines is  now  in  active  use  at  the  Denver 
plant  It  treats  asbestos  formerly  of  too  low 
grade  to  save,  and  this  invention  will  increase 
the  value  of  all  the  raw  marerial  from  10  to 
20  per  cent. 

Mr.  Minium  is  a  life  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Mining  Congress,  and  of  the  Traffic  Club, 
Denver.  He  married  in  Sep.,  1895,  at  Kan- 
sas City,  Mo.,  Miss  Matilda  Miller,  of  Prince- 
ton, Mo.,  the  ceremony  being  performed  by 
Bishop  Quayle. 


—301— 


GEORGE  RANSOM  SWALLOW 


-302- 


GEORGE  RANSOM  SWALLOW. 


C  WALLOW,  GEORGE  RANSOM,  farmer 
^  and  retired  banker,  born  August  29,  1839, 
in  Green  county,  Illinois,  was  the  son  of  Ran- 
som (1804-1845)  and  Sophia  (Griswold) 
Swallow.  His  father  was  a  farmer  and  mer- 
chant. His  mother  was  from  Vermont,  and 
her  mother  was  a  Twitchell,  whose  father 
was  one  of  the  American  patriots  who  fought 
at  Bunker  Hill.  His  colonial  ancestors  came 
from  England  and  settled  in  Massachusetts, 
and  his  great-grandfather  was  a  soldier  in 
the  Revolution.  His  name  appears  on  the 
Bunker  Hill  monument.  Removing  from 
Dunstable,  Massachusetts,  to  Vermont,  Na- 
ham  Swallow  was  the  first  man  to  raise 
merino  sheep  in  that  state.  Through  his 
maternal  line,  the  Griswolds,  he  had  ances- 
tors in  the  Colonial  Wars,  and  at  Plattsburg. 
Some  of  his  family  also  fought  in  the  War 
of  1812. 

In  1840  his  father  moved  with  his  fam- 
ily to  Manchester,  Illinois,  where  he  died, 
about  four  years  later.  At  the  age  of  four- 
teen, George  R.  SAvallow  began  clerking 
in  a  drug  store  at  Winchester,  Illinois, 
his  early  education  having  been  confined 
to  the  district  schools.  After  fourteen 
months  he  became  a  clerk  in  the  postoffice 
at  Alton,  where  he  was  employed  seven 
months.  Then  removing  to  Jerseyville,  he 
became  a  bookkeeper  in  a  store,  mill  and 
bank,  until  1860.  Going  to  Centralia,  he 
started  the  Centralia  Bank.  He  removed  to 
Vincennes,  Indiana,  in  March,  1861 ;  and,  in 
August  following,  he  enlisted  as  a  private 
in  Captain  Harris'  Seventh  Indiana  Battery. 
Governor  Morton,  on  October  4,  that  year, 
commissioned  him  Junior  First  Lieutenant 
in  the  same  battery,  and  after  the  battle  of 
Shiloh  he  was  appointed  captain  of  the  bat- 
tery. Captain  Swallow  remained  with  the 
battery,  which  was  attached  to  Buell's  army, 
marching  to  Stevenson,  Alabama,  thence  on 
the  retrograde  movement  to  Nashville  and 
Louisville.  He  served  on  the  advance  made 
to  drive  General  Bragg  out  of  Kentucky,  and 
was  with  General  Rosecranz  through  south- 
ern Kentucky  and  northern  Tennessee  to 
Nashville.  Then  he  went  to  Chattanooga, 
Tennessee,  after  which  he  was  appointed 
chief  of  artillery,  serving  through  Chicka- 
mauga,  Missionary  Ridge  and  Lookout  Moun- 


tain, and  started  with  General  Sherman  on 
his  march  to  the  sea.  On  May  6,  1864,  he 
was  commissioned  Major  of  the  Tenth  Indi- 
ana Cavalry.  During  the  summer  of  1864 
his  regiment  engaged  in  guarding  the  rail- 
roads from  Pulaski,  Tennessee,  to  Decatur, 
Alabama.  He  was  at  the  latter  place  with 
four  companies,  when  it  was  attacked  by 
General  Hood  on  his  way  to  Franklin  and 
Nashville.  On  the  second  day  of  the  fight 
at  Nashville,  Major  Swallow  was  wounded. 
His  command  captured  more  prisoners  than 
they  had  men  on  duty.  A  lieutenant  colonel, 
two  majors  and  several  line  officers  of  the 
regiment  were  also  wounded  in  that  fight. 
In  1865,  as  major  in  command  of  the  regi- 
ment, he  took  part  in  the  campaign  against 
Mobile.  He  was  promoted  to  lieutenant  colo- 
nel and  then  colonel  of  this  regiment  and 
after  performing  garrison  duty  at  Vicksburg 
until  August  15,  1865,  he  returned  to  private 
life.  His  war  record  of  rising  from  a  pri- 
vate in  the  ranks  to  that  of  colonel  tells  its 
own  story. 

Returning  to  Jerseyville,  Illinois,  for  six 
years  (1866-1872),  he  was  one  of  the  pro- 
prietors of  the  banking  house  of  Cross  & 
Swallow.  Selling  his  interest,  in  November, 
1872,  he  came  to  Colorado  in  July,  1873,  lo- 
cating at  Trinidad,  where  in  that  same  month 
he,  with  John  W.  Terry,  organized  the  Las 
Animas  County  Bank,  of  Swallow  &  Terry, 
the  first  bank  in  the  territory  south  of  the 
Arkansas  river. 

In  the  fall  of  1884  he  was  elected  on  the 
Republican  ticket,  as  state  treasurer  of  Colo- 
rado, serving  the  two-year  term  of  1885- 
1886.  During  the  two  years  of  1887-1888, 
he  was  operating  in  Denver  real  estate,  and 
1888-1891  was  abroad;  in  1892-1894,  vice- 
president  of  the  American  National  Bank  of 
Denver;  in  1894,  president  of  the  Denver 
Savings  Bank,  which  position  he  held  for  ten 
years.  Among  other  investments,  he  is  now 
interested  in  several  farms.  He  was  recently 
appointed  one  of  the  appraisers  in  the  estate 
of  David  H.  Moffat. 

Colonel  Swallow  married,  at  Jerseyville, 
Illinois,  in  1866,  Miss  Hannah  Virginia, 
daughter  of  Abijah  Davis,  of  colonial  an- 
cestry. 


—303— 


FREDERICK  GOWIE  MOFFAT 


FREDERICK  GOWIE  MOFFAT. 


OFF  AT,  FREDERICK  GOWIE,  banker, 
son  of  Frederick  W.  and  Mary  (Whit- 
ney) Moffat,  was  born  in  Albany,  New  York, 
June  19,  1861.  His  father,  a  banker,  was 
born  August  27,  1837,  and  died  August  13, 
1906.  His  mother  is  the  daughter  of 
Chauncy  and  Mary  Whitney. 

Mr.  Moffat  is  of  Scotch-Irish  ancestry, 
that  came  to  this  country  in  the  early  days. 
The  family  is  related  to  the  ancient  clans  of 
Scotland,  and  linked  with  the  legends,  wars 
and  heroic  history  of  that  country.  Samuel 
Moffat,  the  American  progenitor,  came  to 
the  colonies,  from  Antrim  in  the  North  of 
Ireland,  but  the  family  originally  emigrated 
from  the  town  of  Moffat,  Scotland.  He  set- 
tled in  Washingtonville,  Orange  county,  New 
York,  where  his  descendants  have  been 
prominent  in  the  history  of  that  section  of 
the  state,  and  back  in  colonial  days,  partici- 
pated in  the  American  Revolution.  Fred  G. 
Moffat  is  also  descended  on  the  maternal  side 
from  the  Gregg  family,  of  Scotch-Irish  an- 
cestry, one  of  whom,  Captain  Gregg,  in  the 
maternal  line,  was  a  patriot  in  the  army  of 
the  American  Revolution.  In  military,  civil 
and  private  life  the  family  has  been  dis- 
tinguished and  became  leaders  in  this  coun- 
try, as  they  had  been  in  Scotland. 

One  of  the  most  eminent  of  the  American 
branch  was  David  H.  Moffat  (q.  v),  Colorado 
pioneer,  banker,  and  railroad  builder,  so  well 
known  in  the  upbuilding  and  development  of 
the  west.  Mr.  Moffat,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  is  one  of  the  same  family  tree,  being  > 
a  nephew  of  the  distinguished  Colorado 
financier,  who,  for  many  years,  was  the  presi- 


dent of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Denver, 
and  the  promoter  of  the  "Moffat  Koaa,"' 
now  building  from  Denver  to  Salt  Lake  City. 

Fred.  G.  Moffat,  as  he  is  more  commonly 
known  in  this  state,  came  to  Denver  March 
10,  1890,  and  has  since  made  it  his  residence, 
having  been  associated  for  ten  years  with 
his  uncle,  David  H.  Moffat,  in  the  First  Na- 
tional. Early  in  life  Mr.  Moffat  had  planned 
a  different  career  for  himself.  After  having 
attended  the  public  schools  in  Washington, 
D.  C.,  he  studied  for  the  navy,  and  then  be- 
came a  medical  student  in  Columbia  Medical 
College.  For  a  short  time  he  engaged  in 
banking  in  Washington,  D.  C.,  and  then  came 
west.  He  became  assistant  cashier  of  the 
First  National  Bank  at  Denver,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1901;  later  he  was  appointed  cashier, 
and  in  June,  1911,  was  made  vice-president, 
which  latter  position  he  occupies  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  He  is  known  and  recognized  as 
one  of  the  leading  financiers  of  the  west,  and 
his  rise  in  banking  circles  has  been  attained 
through  energy,  aptitude  and  financial  abil- 
ity. 

Mr.  Moffat  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  Denver  Country 
Club,  and  the  Military  Order  of  the  Loyal 
Legion.  He  married  October  31,  1894,  in 
Cincinnati,  Miss  Charlotte  Grace  Selden, 
daughter  of  Charles  and  Elizabeth  (Keefer) 
Selden.  Mrs.  Moffat  is  of  colonial  ancestry 
and  a  grand-daughter  of  Colonel  Samuel 
Selden,  a  distinguished  officer  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary army  from  Connecticut.  They  have 
two  children:  Elizabeth  W.  and  David  H. 
Moffat. 


—305— 


WILLIAM  NASSAU  WALKER  BLAYNEY 


WILLIAM  NASSAU  WALKER  BLAYNEY. 


T>LAYNEY,  WILLIAM  NASSAU 
-*-^  WALKER,  merchandise  broker  and 
financier,  born  in  Dublin,  Ireland,  December 
17,  1859,  was  the  son  of  Thomas  W.  and 
Louisa  Jane  Blayney,  and,  at  a  tender  age, 
came  to  this  country  with  his  parents.  He 
was  educated  in  the  public  schools  of  Chi- 
cago and  Riverside,  Illinois.  Mr.  Blayney 
began  his  business  career,  working  as  an 
office  boy  for  Franklin  McVeagh  &  Com- 
pany, Chicago,  at  a  salary  of  three  dollars 
a  week,  and  was  advanced  by  that  firm  to 
shipping  clerk,  private  secretary  and  sales- 
man. His  experience  and  rapid  promotion 
in  this  extensive  Chicago  business  house  both 
fitted  him  for  a  higher  sphere  of  commercial 
life,  as  well  as  showing  his  adaptability  and 
skill  in  planning  and  executing  the  details 
of  extensive  organization.  The  mastery  of 
detail,  quick  insight,  and  strong  executive 
ability,  combined  with  upright  and  .square 
dealing,  have  been  the  marked  traits  of  char- 
acter, that  have  made  Mr.  Blayney  a  suc- 
cessful business  man. 

This  has  been  exemplified  in  his  long 
service  and  connection  with  prominent  busi- 
ness interests  in  this  city.  This  phase  of  his 
commercial  life  is  illustrated  in  the  term  of 
twenty-five  years  he  has  been  the  Denver 
representative  of  the  Cudahy  Packing  Com- 
pany, one  of  the  largest  firms  in  the  United 
States.  In  business  he  is  shrewd,  quick,  far- 
sighted,  which  combined  with  the  strictest 
integrity,  has  resulted  in  his  long  continued 
service  with  that  company,  and  in  holding 
their  extensive  trade  in  the  West,  and  espe- 
cially in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region.  He  is 
also  prominently  identified  with  many  local 
enterprises  and  institutions,  including  that 
of  secretary,  treasurer  and  manager  of  the 
Hallack  Investment  Company,  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Hallack  Lumber  and  Supply 
Company.  Both  these  companies  represent 
large  invested  interests,  and  an  extensive 


trade  in  the  West,  in  which  the  sterling 
integrity  of  the  late  Mr.  Erastus  F.  Hallack 
has  been  maintained  in  conducting  and  man- 
aging these  affairs.  Mr.  Blayney  is  also 
president  of  the  Coffin  Packing  and  Provi- 
sion Company,  president  of  the  Market  Com- 
pany and  vice-president  of  the  Denver  Pack- 
ing and  Provision  Company.  His  long  serv- 
ice with  the  Cudahys  and  these  last  named 
firms  places  Mr.  Blayney  in  an  enviable  posi- 
tion as  an  expert  and  skilled  manager  in 
all  lines  pertaining  to  the  packing  and  sup- 
ply business,  in  which  he  has  won  and  has 
sustained  his  reputation  for  fair  and  honest 
dealing  with  the  customers  of  these  firms. 

In  all  this  varied  experience,  in  which  he 
has  secured  the  confidence  and  trust  of  the 
public,  there  have  been  opened  new  avenues, 
in  which  his  ability  as  a  financier  and  an 
executive  power  have  been  called  into  requi- 
sition. In  the  re-organization  of  the  First 
National  Bank,  Mr.  Blayney  was  made  one 
of  its  directors,  a  high  compliment  to  his 
ability,  which  is  well  worthy  the  trust  im- 
posed. Changes  were  made  in  the  official 
list  of  the  Denver  Union  Water  Company, 
and  here  again  the  name  of  Mr.  Blayney, 
as  one  of  the  most  influential  that  could  be 
suggested,  was  presented,  and  he  was  elected 
a  director  in  that  company.  In  his  whole 
life,  Mr.  Blayney  is  a  representative  of  that 
type  of  the  young  business  man  who,  by 
strict  adherence  to  honesty,  fair  dealing,  and 
by  his  own  force  of  character,  rises  to  emi- 
nence and  high  positions  of  honor  and  trust. 

Mr.  Blayney  is  fond  of  outdoor  sports, 
hunting  and  shooting,  and  has  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  leading  gun  clubs.  He  is  also 
a  member  of  the  Denver  Club,  Country  Club, 
Denver ;  Colorado  Golf  Club  and  the  Denver 
Athletic  Club. 

He  married  in  Denver,  February  14, 
1899,  Miss  Minnie  G.,  daughter  of  Erastus 
F.  Hallack  (q.  v.)  and  Kate  G.  Hallack. 
They  have  two  children ;  Dorothy  and  Helen. 


—307— 


• 


JOHN  MONTGOMERY  KUYKENDALL 


—308— 


JOHN  MONTGOMERY  KUYKENDALL. 


T7"  UYKENDALL,  JOHN  MONTGOMERY, 

•^^  capitalist  and  organizer,  was  born  in 
Platte  county,  state  of  Missouri,  April  25, 
1860,  and  is  the  son  of  William  L.  and  Eliza 
A.  (Montgomery)  Kuykendall.  His  early 
ancestors  came  to  this  country  from  Holland 
some  generations  ago  and  his  father,  Wil- 
liam L.  Kuykendall,  was  born  in  Missouri, 
December  13,  1835,  is  still  living  and  is  a 
ranchman  by  occupation.  Mr.  Kuykendall 's 
great-grandfather  was  under  Colonel  Camp- 
bell during  the  Revolutionary  war,  and  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain.  His 
Grandfather  Thompson,  also  fought  in  the 
Revolutionary  war,  and  also  took  prominent 
part  in  wars  with  the  Indians  in  the  early 
Kentucky  settlements.  He  was  in  St.  Glair's 
defeat  by  Indians  in  Ohio,  and  was  with 
Wayne  the  following  year,  when  the  Indians 
were  badly  whipped.  Grandfather  Kuyken- 
dall was  county  judge  in  both  Clay  and 
Platte  counties,  Missouri,  and  was  the  first 
sheriff  and  the  first  judge  of  probate  elected 
in  that  state.  He  was  also  county  treasurer. 
He  raised  a  company  for  the  Mexican  war, 
but  when  ready  to  be  mustered  in,  it  was 
found  that  the  state  had  already  furnished 
more  than  its  quota  of  troops. 

Mr.  Kuykendall 's  father  was  deputy 
clerk  of  the  circuit  court,  when  only  seven- 
teen years  of  age.  He  was  later  county  clerk 
and  deputy  clerk  of  the  district  court  of 
Kansas — also  judge  of  probate  and  county 
treasurer.  He  was  city  clerk  of  Cheyenne, 
and  also  twice  a  member  of  the  legislature 
of  Wyoming,  and  was  the  democratic  mem- 
ber of  the  national  committee  of  that  party 
for  eight  years.  He  served  as  captain  in 
the  Confederate  army  for  the  greater  part 
of  four  years,  and  has  held  other  minor 
positions. 

Mr.  Kuykendall  received  his  education  in 
the  Cheyenne  public  schools,  and  at  Racine 
College,  Wisconsin.  At  twelve  years  of  age 
he  was  in  the  sheep  business  with  his  father. 
In  1875,  he  engaged  in  his  first  real  busi- 
ness enterprise,  with  J.  I.  Case  of  Racine, 
Wisconsin,  in  the  cattle  business.  In  1882, 
he  organized  the  Wisconsin-AVyoming  Land 
and  Cattle  Company,  with  capital  stock  of 
$145,000,  and  Mr.  Kuykendall  held  the  po- 


sition of  general  manager.  In  1885,  he  or- 
ganized a  cattle  company,  which  operated 
on  the  Medicine  Bow,  Carbon  county,  Wyo- 
ming, known  as  the  J.  M.  Kuykendall  Com- 
pany. He  was  president  and  general  man- 
ager. In  1892  was  launched  the  Columbia 
Coach  Company,  which  operated  during  the 
World's  Fair  at  Chicago,  of  which  he  was 
president  and  general  manager. 

In  1890,  he  formed  the  Denver  Omnibus 
and  Carriage  Company,  with  a  capital  of 
$100,000,  and  in  1893,  the  Denver  Omnibus 
and  Cab  Company,  with  a  capital  stock  of 
$100,000.  Mr.  Kuykendall  was  president  and 
general  manager  of  both  of  these  companies. 
In  1910,  the  Denver  Omnibus  and  Cab  Com- 
pany was  reorganized  under  the  laws  of 
Wyoming,  and  the  capital  stock  increased 
to  $525,000. 

Mr.  Kuykendall  is  interested  extensively 
in  the  ranching  and  cattle  business  in  Wyo- 
ming, also  in  large  irrigation  enterprises  in 
the  same  state,  and  is  the  manager  of  a  vast 
estate  in  Omaha,  Nebraska.  He  has  invented 
a  fastener  for  stirrup  strap  used  on  cowboys' 
saddles  and  patent  is  now  pending. 

Mr.  Kuykendall  first  came  to  Denver 
when  a  child,  in  1866 ;  went  to  Cheyenne  in 
1867;  returned  to  Denver,  and  went  into 
the  transfer  business  in  1889.  He  has  also 
lived  in  Dakota.  As  a  boy  of  nine  years,  he 
was  elected  and  served  as  page  in  the  first 
territorial  legislature  of  Wyoming,  and  filled 
the  position  of  page  and  messenger  for  the 
three  following  sessions  of  the  legislature  in 
this  territory. 

Mr.  Kuykendall  married  in  Cheyenne, 
January  1,  1889,  Miss  Anna  T.  Thomason. 
Her  father's  name  was  Zachariah  Thomason, 
and  was  one  of  the  pioneer  cattlemen  of 
Colorado  and  Wyoming,  and  was  interested 
in  several  of  the  largest  cattle  companies  of 
the  west. 

Mr.  Kuykendall 's  life  has  been  spent  in 
the  west  and  most  of  it  on  the  frontier.  He 
is  devotedly  attached  to,  and  is  most  opti- 
mistic in  the  future  greatness  of  Denver.  He 
feels  that  there  is  no  other  place  on  the  globe 
that  would  seem  like  home  to  him,  and  trusts 
that  he  may  be  able  to  spend  the  rest  of  }r 
days  in  that  city. 


—309— 


CHARLES  BALDWIN  LYMAN,  M.  D. 


—310— 


CHARLES  BALDWIN  LYMAN,  M.  D. 


T  YMAN,  CHARLES  BALDWIN,  M.  D., 
J"*/  son  of  Dr.  Jabez  and  Lucy  (Depue) 
Lyman,  was  born  in  Rockt'ord,  Illinois,  Sep- 
tember 20,  1863.  He  is  a  descendant  of  Sir 
Radulphus  Lambert,  who  was  with  "William 
the  Conqueror  at  the  battle  of  Hastings. 
Elizabeth  Lambert,  his  decendant,  fifteen 
generations  later,  married  in  the  time  of 
Henry  II,  Henry  Lyman.  The  twenty-sixth 
generation  from  Sir  Radulphus  Lambert  is 
represented  by  Dr.  Lyman,  the  subject  of 
this  sketch.  Richard  Lyman,  Sr.,  who  came 
from  Bristol,  England,  in  1631,  was  his 
American  progenitor.  Landing  in  Boston, 
November  4,  that  year,  he  settled  in  Charles- 
ton, a  suburb  of  that  city,  and  in  1635,  be- 
came one  of  the  original  proprietors  of  Hart- 
ford, Connecticut,  and  the  possessor  of  large 
estates.  He  left  two  sons,  John  and  Rich- 
ard, Jr.;  the  former,  born  in  England  in 
1623,  settled  in  Northampton,  Massachusetts, 
in  1654,  where  he  died  in  1690.  He  was  a 
lieutenant  of  a  company  in  the  historic  Deer- 
field  fight  with  the  Indians.  His  wife  was 
Dorcas,  daughter  of  John  Plumb,  and  of 
their  large  family,  the  fourth  son  was  Lieu- 
tenant Benjamin  Lyman  (1674-1723),  an  ex- 
tensive farmer,  whose  family  consisted  of 
ten  children,  of  whom  was  a  son,  Benjamin 
(1703-1762),  born  in  Northampton  and  re- 
moved to  Easthampton  in  1745,  where  he 
died.  His  son,  Lemuel,  born  August  17, 
1735,  participated  in  the  French  and  Indian 
War,  joining  an  expedition  in  1755  against 
Crown  Point,  being  wounded  in  the  fight  at 
Lake  George.  He  was  a  distinguished  citi- 
zen, dying  in  1810.  His  son,  Ahira  Lyman 
(1770-1836)  conducted  a  large  mercantile 
business  at  Easthampton,  where  he  was 
prominent  and  highly  esteemed.  He  mar- 
ried, first,  Sallie  Pomeroy,  by  whom  he  had 
four  children:  Roland,  Lemuel,  Ahira,  and 
Quartus ;  married,  second,  Lydia  Baldwin, 
by  whom  he  had  two  children,  William  and 
Jabez  B.  Lyman,  the  latter  born  April  18, 
1819.  Jabez  became  an  orphan  in  infancy, 
but  was  given  a  classical  education.  After 
graduating  from  Amherst,  he  traveled 
abroad,  continuing  his  studies  for  several 
years  in  foreign  countries.  Returning  to  this 


country  he  followed  teaching  for  a  time, 
first,  as  instructor  of  modern  languages  at 
Amherst,  and  then  at  Oglethorpe  University, 
Georgia,  as  professor  of  mathematics.  He 
then  studied  medicine  in  Europe,  and  re- 
turning again  to  the  United  States  in  1850, 
he  opened  an  office  in  Chicago,  but  a  little 
later  established  himself  in  his  practice  at 
Rockford,  Illinois,  remaining  there  until 
1879.  For  a  time,  he  was  president  of  the 
board  of  education  of  that  city.  Removing 
to  Salem,  Massachusetts,  in  1879,  he  died 
there  in  May,  1893.  He  married  Miss  Lucy 
Depue,  an  instructor  in  Rockford  Seminary, 
a  daughter  of  Ephraim  and  Elizabeth  Depue, 
he  being  a  railroad  contractor,  who  had  for- 
merly been  a  wagon  manufacturer,  and  a 
pioneer  in  that  trade  in  Chicago.  They  had 
five  children,  Charles  B.,  Mary,  Maud,  George 
and  Edith. 

Charles  B.  Lyman  was  educated  in  the 
Salem  (Massachusetts)  high  school,  and  at 
Harvard,  receiving  his  degree  of  M.  D.  from 
the  medical  school  of  the  latter  in  1886,  and 
coming  to  Denver  in  September,  1887.  Soon 
after  locating  in  this  city  he  was  appointed 
a  surgeon  for  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad; 
visiting  surgeon  for  St.  Luke's,  St.  Joseoh's 
and  County  hospitals ;  also  for  the  State 
Home  for  Dependent  Children.  He  was  for- 
merly professor  of  fractures  and  dislocations, 
Denver  and  Gross  Medical  College  (Medical 
Department  of  the  University  of  Denver), 
1892-1905.  He  is  professor  of  surgery,  Med- 
ical Department  of  the  University  of  Colo- 
rado ;  member,  American  Medical  Associ- 
ation; Denver  and  Rocky  Mountain  medical 
societies;  Denver  Clinical  and  Pathological 
Society;  medical  societies  of  the  city  and 
county  of  Denver;  visiting  surgeon  for  St. 
Joseph's  and  other  hospitals.  Dr.  Lyman 
has  established  himself  in  a  large  and  lucra- 
tive practice,  and  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
most  prominent  in  his  profession  in  the  west. 

Dr.  Lyman  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  University  Club,  Denver;  Denver  Ath- 
letic Club  and  Denver  Motor  Club. 

He  married,  June  23,  1904,  Ella  Merton 
Miller. 


—311— 


WILLIAM  V.  HODGES 


—312— 


WILLIAM  V.  HODGES. 


T-TODGES,  WILLIAM  V.,  was  born  in 
Westville,  Otsego  county,  New  York, 
July  6,  1878,  son  of  George  L.  and  Ella  J. 
(Van  Derveer)  Hodges,  whose  direct  ances- 
tor was  William  Hodges,  who  came  from 
England  and  settled  in  Massachusetts  prior 
to  1650,  he,  the  said  William  Hodges,  being 
of  the  eighth  generation  precedent  to  that  of 
the  subject  of  the  biography.  All  of  his 
ancestors  in  colonial  times  were  of  the  pa- 
triots, and  served  in  official  capacities 
throughout  the  colonial  and  Revolutionary 
wars  with  honor  and  distinction,  and  his 
grand-father,  James  L.  Hodges,  in  keeping 
with  the  traditions  of  the  family,  was  an 
officer  of  renown  in  the  civil  war  and  a  life- 
long devoted  member  of  the  republican 
party,  most  active  where  its  interests  were 
concerned,  and  a  staunch  member  of  the 
"Old  Guard."  His  father,  George  L.  Hodges, 
is  a  well  known  attorney  of  Denver,  and 
was  born  in  Hamilton,  New  York,  April  1, 
1853. 

Mr.  Hodges  attended  the  Denver  High 
School  and  was  graduated  with  honors  in 
the  class  of  1895.  Desiring  to  follow  the 
legal  profession,  he  afterward  attended  the 
Columbia  University  Law  School,  and  ob- 
tained his  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  in 
1899,  and  has  since  followed  that  profession. 

The  early  days  of  Mr.  Hodges  were  spent 
on  a  farm  in  the  old  home  in  New  York. 
He  first  came  to  Colorado  with  his  parents 
in  1880,  and  settled  in  Leadville,  where  the 
family  has  since  resided,  with  the  exception 
of  a  few  years  spent  at  the  old  domicile  in 
New  York,  so  that  in  almost  every  sense  of 
the  word  he  is  a  Colorado  man,  if  not  by 
birth,  assuredly  by  adoption,  interest  and 
affiliations. 

In  1899,  he  formed  a  partnership  with 
George  L.  Hodges  and  D.  Edgar  Wilson, 


under  the  firm  name  of  Hodges,  Wilson  & 
Hodges. 

In  1905,  Mr.  Hodges  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  Clayton  C.  Dorsey,  which  became 
well  known  in  legal  and  business  circles  as 
Dorsey  &  Hodges,  the  firm  succeeding  that 
of  Teller  &  Dorsey,  of  which  the  late  Willard 
Teller  was  a  member.  The  firm  gained  an 
enviable  reputation  throughout  the  state  for 
integrity,  and  carried  to  a  successful  issue 
many  cases  of  interest  and  importance.  It 
represented  legally  the  Union  Pacific  rail- 
road, various  express  companies  and  many 
mining  companies  of  vast  scope  throughout 
this  and  adjoining  states. 

In  1911,  Mr.  Hodges  dissolved  partner- 
ship with  Mr.  Dorsey. 

In  social  circles,  Mr.  Hodges  is  well 
known  and  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club, 
the  University  Club,  the  Country  Club,  the 
Denver  Athletic  and  Mile  High  Clubs,  in  all 
of  which  he  is  most  active  and  a  staunch 
supporter. 

Mr.  Hodges  takes  a  deep  interest  in 
everything  tending  toward  the  development 
and  upbuilding  of  Denver  and  Colorado,  and 
is  among  the  ardent  supporters  that  have 
helped  to  make  the  Queen  city  what  she  is. 

He  has  never  taken  active  part  in  poli- 
tics and  has  never  held  public  office  of  any 
kind.  He  is  devoted  entirely  to  the  law, 
his  clubs  and  his  family. 

Mr.  Hodges  was  married  December  3, 
1902,  to  Miss  Mabel  E.  Gilluly,  a  daughter 
of  Joseph  W.  Gilluly  (q.  v),  of  Denver,  Colo- 
rado. They  have  one  living  child,  Joseph 
Gilluly  Hodges. 

Among  the  younger  practitioners  of  the 
law,  Colorado  needs  men  endowed  with 
courage  and  the  virility  of  youth  such  as 
he  possesses,  as  it  is  to  such  men  her  progress 
and  prosperity  is  due. 


—313— 


SAMUEL  B.  MORGAN 


—314— 


SAMUEL  B.  MORGAN. 


"K/f  ORGAN,  SAMUEL  B.,  real  estate  and 
•*•  •*•  capitalist,  born  in  Wethersfield,  Con- 
necticut, February  9,  1835,  died  in  Denver, 
December  11,  1897,  was  the  second  son  of 
Stephen  (a  farmer)  and  Rowena  (Broad- 
bent)  Morgan.  Stephen  Morgan  was  a  major 
in  the  Connecticut  militia,  prominent  in  the 
state,  and  raised  a  family  of  seven  children, 
five  sons  and  two  daughters. 

Samuel  B.  Morgan  received  his  early  edu- 
cation in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
town  and  graduated  from  the  High  School 
of  Hartford,  Connecticut.  Then,  at  the  age 
of  sixteen,  against  the  will  of  his  family  and 
relatives,  but  with  parental  consent,  he  went 
to  sea  as  cabin  boy  on  a  whaling  vessel,  sail- 
ing from  Bedford  on  the  New  Bedford 
whaler,  ' '  South  Boston. ' '  On  his  third  voy- 
age he  rose  to  the  position  of  first  mate, 
and  his  ship  was  wonderfully  successful.  He 
left  the  service  at  San  Francisco,  in  Decem- 
ber, 1861,  returning  thence  to  his  home  in 
Connecticut,  via  the  Isthmus.  In  his  several 
voyages,  Mr.  Morgan  visited  nearly  all  the 
principal  ports  of  the  world.  In  1862,  hav- 
ing accepted  command  of  a  new  whaling 
vessel,  Mr.  Morgan  prepared  to  again  go  to 
sea.  But,  there  was  a  providential  interven- 
tion and  the  event  in  question  fortunately 
made  him  a  citizen  of  Colorado  and  a  wealthy 
and  useful  resident  of  Denver.  The  vessel 
was  standing  ready,  with  all  and  everything 
on  board,  and  it  was  almost  at  the  hour  of 
sailing,  when  Mr.  Morgan  received  a  tele- 
gram from  an  uncle  in  Philadelphia,  offer- 
ing him  the  position  of  superintendent  of 
valuable  mining  properties  at  Black  Hawk, 
Colorado.  This  was  in  the  period  when  rich 
gold  discoveries  continued  in  that  district, 
and  when  vein  mining  began  to  be  profitable. 
With  this  golden  prospect  in  view,  Mr.  Mor- 
gan changed  all  his  seagoing  plans.  Early 
in  the  autumn  of  1862,  he  came  to  Colorado, 
where  for  the  remainder  of  his  life  he  was 
among  the  men  who  were  most  conspicu- 
ously identified  with  the  development  of 
Denver  and  the  material  wealth  of  the  state. 
Mr.  Morgan's  wife  and  infant  son  joined  the 
husband  and  father  at  Black  Hawk,  in  1864. 
In  1870,  Mr.  Morgan  resigned  his  mining 
position  and  entered  into  the  grain  and  feed 
business  at  Black  Hawk.  There  and  at  Cen- 
tral City  the  family  resided  during  the  ensu- 
ing nine  years.  In  the  autumn  of  1873,  Mr. 
Morgan  removed  to  Denver.  Here  he  em- 
barked in  the  real  estate  business  in  con- 


nection with  the  old-time  firm  of  Day,  Mor- 
gan &  Company.  He  was  a  far-seeing  and 
courageous  investor,  backing  his  ventures  by 
his  unbounded  faith  in  the  growth  and  ulti- 
mate greatness  of  Denver.  He  was  a  true 
prophet  of  the  present-day  development  of 
the  western  country.  Hence,  he  was  abun- 
dantly successful  and  became  widely  known 
for  his  prowess  in  that  branch  of  business. 
By  his  investments  he  acquired  large  prop- 
erty interests,  which  he  retained  until  his 
death.  By  the  same  methods,  while  enrich- 
ing himself,  Mr.  Morgan  made  fortunes  for 
many  others.  He  went  to  Leadville  in  the 
early  days  of  that  famous  silver  camp,  and 
there  acquired  properties  which  added 
greatly  to  his  wealth.  Disposing  of  these 
interests  in  1883,  he  returned  to  Denver  to 
give  attention  to  his  large  holdings  there. 
From  that  period  he  operated  under  the 
style  of  Morgan,  French  &  Company,  widely 
known  as  the  principal  real  estate  firm  of 
Denver.  In  common  with  all  people  of  the 
United  States,  he  suffered  reverses  and  loss 
through  shrinkage  of  values  following  the 
panic  of  1893.  Notwithstanding  this,  his 
equities  yielded  him  a  large  fortune.  Mr. 
Morgan  was  interested  in  other  enterprises 
in  the  city  and  state,  and  in  all  business  af- 
fairs he  was  progressive,  public-spirited  and 
successful.  He  was  one  of  the  most  active 
leaders  among  the  men  who  made  Denver 
famous  and  a  magnetic  attraction  for  home- 
seekers  and  investors  from  all  over  the 
world.  He  was  one  of  the  most  influential 
apostles  of  the  belief  in  Denver's  destiny 
as  a  great  city  and  he  did  his  full  share  in 
its  upbuilding  and  advancement.  He  was 
one  of  the  pioneers  in  acquiring  and  improv- 
ing Capitol  Hill  property,  while  in  the  mean- 
time improving  in  the  business  center,  and 
was  a  noted  exemplar  in  promoting  the 
growth  of  both  sections.  He  was  literally 
one  of  the  men  who  changed  the  aspect  of 
Denver  from  that  of  a  straggling  frontier 
town  to  a  metropolis  of  handsome  propor- 
tions and  a  city  of  splendor  in  the  details 
of  its  construction. 

Mr.  Morgan  married  Ellen  Theresa  Blinn 
of  Wetherfield,  Connecticut,  in  1862,  his 
widow  now  residing  in  Denver.  They  were 
the  parents  of  three  children:  Alice  (Mor- 
gan) Harrison;  Jessie  (Morgan)  de  Gogorza 
of  New  York  City,  and  Edward  B.  Morgan 
(q.  v.),  the  well  known  Denver  attorney 
and  manager  of  his  father's  estate. 


-315— 


JOHN  SEBASTIAN  FLOWER 


—316 — 


JOHN  SEBASTIAN  FLOWER. 


P  LOWER,  JOHN  SEBASTIAN,  real  estate 
A  and  investments,  son  of  John  Bennett 
and  Mary  Ellen  (Bean)  Flower,  was  born 
July  29,  1862,  at  St.Inigoes,  St.  Mary's  coun- 
ty, Maryland.  His  family  history  dates  back 
to  the  early  days  of  the  American  colonies, 
when  his  ancestor,  William  Flower,  came  in 
1668  from  Gloucester,  England,  to  St.  Mary's 
county,  Maryland.  From  generation  to  gen- 
eration, the  family  was  prominent  in  that  lo- 
cality. Gustavus  Flower,  grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  also  born  there,  and 
in  the  Flower  direct  line  of  ancestry,  owned 
large  tracts  of  land  in  that  vicinity,  and  was 
a  soldier  in  the  war  of  1812.  John  Bennett 
Flower,  son  of  the  latter  and  father  of  John 
Sebastian,  also  a  native  of  that  county,  suc- 
ceeded to  these  estates.  He  engaged  in  the 
cultivation  of  these  extensive  tracts  of  land, 
at  the  same  time  conducting  a  successful  mer- 
cantile establishment.  He  died  in  1867,  after 
an  active  and  prosperous  business  career.  His 
wife  was  Mary  Ellen,  daughter  of  William 
and  Mary  (Combs)  Bean  and  grandfather 
of  John  Bean,  of  English  and  Scotch  de- 
scent, who  was  a  soldier  in  the  American 
revolution.  She  died  in  St.  Marys  county. 

Their  son,  John  S.  Flower,  spent  his  early 
years  at  St.  Marys,  and  was  an  orphan  at 
ten  years  of  age.  Two  years  later  he  went 
to  Baltimore,  where  he  became  a  student, 
first  in  St.  Marys,  and  then  in  St.  Martins 
academy.  After  completing  his  education, 
he  was  employed  by  a  publishing  house  in 
Baltimore,  where  he  remained  three  years. 

Mr.  Flower  came  to  Denver  in  1880  and 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Tribune  Publish- 


ing Company  (Denver  Tribune),  and  after 
two  years,  was  connected  with  the  Merchants 
Publishing  Company,  continuing  with  them 
for  eighteen  months.  In  1886,  he  started  in 
business  for  himself,  in  loans  and  real  es- 
tate, which  he  has  since  successfully  fol- 
lowed. Among  his  earlier  and  more  impor- 
tant deals  was  the  purchase  of  the  corner 
of  Seventeenth  and  Glenarm  streets  in  1894, 
and  there,  with  his  partner,  C.  J.  Parrott,  he 
erected  a  block  in  which  they  established  an 
office.  Mr.  Flower  is  now  the  senior  member 
of  the  firm  of  J.  S.  Flower  &  Company,  one 
of  the  most  prominent  in  the  city,  controlling 
a  large  amount  of  property  and  investments, 
and  conducting  a  prosperous  business.  He 
is  not  only  a  leading  factor  in  the  commercial 
life  of  the  city,  but  also  of  the  social.  He 
was  prominently  connected  with  the  erection 
of  the  Colorado  Pioneer  monument  recently 
reared  and  dedicated  in  Denver.  Mr.  Flower 
is  a  member  of  the  Denver  and  the  Denver 
Country  Clubs,  and  a  trustee  in  the  Clayton 
college ;  also  member  Maryland  Historical 
Society. 

He  married,  December  10,  1891,  at  Mon- 
roe, Wisconsin,  Miss  Nellie  L.,  daughter  of 
Arabut  and  Caroline  (Sanderson)  Ludlow. 
Her  father,  descended  frfom  a  Vermont  fam- 
ily with  American  colonial  lineage,  was  a 
pioneer  in  Monroe,  Wisconsin,  where  he 
built  the  Ludlow,  then  the  largest  hotel  prop- 
erty in  the  state.  He  also  engaged  in  bank- 
ing in  that  city,  was  one  of  its  leading  mer- 
chants, and  an  extensive  farmer. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Flower  have  two  children : 
Caroline  and  Ludlow. 


—317— 


CHARLES  CLARK  WELCH,  JR. 


—318— 


CHARLES  CLARK  WELCH,  JR. 


TWELCH,  CHARLES  CLARK,  JR.,  law- 
""  yer,  was  born  August  19,  1880,  in 
Golden,  Colorado.  He  is  the  son  of  Charles 
Clark  Welch,  who  was  born  in  Jefferson 
county,  New  York,  June  14,  1830,  and  died 
at  Jacksonville,  Florida,  February  1,  1908, 
and  Rebecca  Jeannette  Darrow  Welch, 
daughter  of  H.  S.  Darrow  and  Jeannette 
Van  Benchoten  Darrow.  His  ancestry  is  of 
early  New  England  stock.  He  is  descended 
from  Elder  William  Brewster,  the  pastor  of 
the  Mayflower  Colony,  who  landed  at  Ply- 
mouth, Massachusetts,  in  1620 ;  from  William 
Hyde,  one  of  the  founders  of  Norwich,  Con- 
necticut, and  from  Major  John  Mason,  dep- 
uty governor  of  Connecticut  in  colonial  times 
and  major  general  of  the  forces  of  the  col- 
ony, and  of  Elder  John  Strong,  one  of  the 
founders  of  Northampton,  Massachusetts. 
Eighteen  of  his  ancestors  were  among  the 
founders  of  the  Connecticut  colony,  and  four 
of  the  Massachusetts  colony  and  several 
served  in  the  war  of  the  revolution  and  the 
war  of  1812. 

His  father  was  one  of  Colorado 's  pioneers 


and  prominently  identied  with  the  early  his- 
tory of  this  state  and  the  west,  and  was  a 
public-spirited  man  of  affairs. 

Charles  Clark  Welch,  Jr.,  was  educated  in 
the  East  Denver  High  School,  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, and  the  University  of  Virginia, 
graduating  from  the  law  department  of  the 
latter  in  June,  1907.  Prior  to  attending  col- 
lege, he  was  employed  at  the  age  of  seven- 
teen, in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Denver, 
where  he  remained  for  two  years. 

He  is  the  president  of  the  Jefferson  Farm 
Company  and  the  Louisville  Coal  Mining 
Company,  the  latter  being  leased  to  the 
Northern  Coal  and  Coke  Company. 

Mr.  Welch  is  a  member  of  the  Univer- 
sity Club,  the  Denver  Athletic  Club,  the  Real 
Estate  Exchange,  the  Society  of  the  May- 
flower Descendants  and  the  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution. He  is  a  thirty-second  degree  Mason. 

He  was  married  November  10,  1904,  at 
Denver,  Colorado,  to  Miss  Clara  Armstrong, 
daughter  of  Andrew  Armstrong,  deceased,  of 
this  city.  He  is  now  engaged  in  the  success- 
ful practice  of  law  in  Denver. 


-319— 


ANDREW  DUNCAN  WILSON 


ANDREW  DUNCAN  WILSON. 


TT7ILSON,  ANDREW  DUNCAN,  stock- 
*^  man,  real  estate,  and  general  business, 
son  of  Hugh  and  Ann  (Mitchell)  Wilson, 
was  born  in  Weston,  Platte  county,  Missouri, 
July  2,  1844.  His  parents,  of  Scotch-Irish 
ancestry,  emigrated  to  this  country,  when 
quite  young,  and  settled  in  Pennsylvania. 


In  1842,  his  father  located  in  what  was 
known  as  the  Platte  Purchase,  on  the  Amer- 
ican frontier,  in  western  Missouri.  In  the 
fall  of  1843,  he  returned  to  Pennsylvania, 
where  he  married  Miss  Ann  Mitchell,  who 
accompanied  him  to  his  new  home  in  the  then 
far  west.  He  became  a  prosperous  farmer, 


—320— 


also  engaging  in  stock  raising  and  contract- 
ing, and  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  the  country. 

Andrew  D.  AVilson,  the  son,  attended  the 
common  schools  in  Weston,  Missouri,  but 
early  in  life  started  out  to  make  his  own 
fortune.  When  but  fifteen  years  of  age,  he 
became  a  member  of  a  party  that  followed 
the  rush  to  the  Pike 's  Peak  country,  arriving 
in  Denver,  May  24,  1860.  Thus,  when  but 
a  boy  in  his  'teens,  he  was  known  as  a  Colo- 
rado pioneer.  He  at  first  worked  as  a  clerk 
in  a  store,  then  spent  a  year  on  a  ranch,  and 
in  1862,  went  to  Fairplay,  where  again  he 
clerked  in  a  store.  Mr.  Wilson  returned  to 
Denver  in  the  fall  of  1862,  and  again  en- 
gaged in  ranching,  locating  on  a  desirable 
site  about  ten  miles  above  Denver,  on  Cherry 
Creek.  In  the  meantime,  his  brother  Wil- 
liam had  become  a  resident  of  Colorado,  and 
they  also  engaged  in  freighting,  but  still  re- 
taining his  interest  in  the  ranch.  He  discon- 
tinued the  freighting  business  in  1865,  and 
began  farming  in  Wilson's  Gulch. 

Mr.  Wilson  visited  his  old  home  in  Mis- 
souri, in  the  fall  of  1866,  returning  in  the 
fall  of  1867,  with  an  immigrant  and  freight- 
ing outfit.  The  Sioux  Indians  attacked  their 
wagon  train  on  Plum  Creek.  Mr.  Wilson, 
in  charge  of  the  night  guard,  repulsed  the 
attack,  but  the  Indians  continued  a  desultory 
fight  until  morning  and  then  disappeared. 
He  reached  Denver  in  safety,  and  resumed 
freighting,  trading  and  stock-raising,  stock- 
ing a  ranch  which  he  had  taken  up  on  Coal 
Creek.  He  resided  in  a  region  that  was  much 
exposed  to  the  Indians,  who  were  then  rav- 
aging the  plains,  and  during  this  warfare 
his  ranch  was  raided,  and  valuable  stock 
taken.  When  Major  Downing  was  sent  to 
the  relief  of  the  settlers  on  the  Bijou  basin, 
Mr.  Wilson  and  several  of  his  neighbors 
joined  the  command.  The  Indians  continued 
their  raids  during  the  summer  of  1868,  and 
Mr.  Wilson  sustained  serious  damages  in 
the  loss  of  stock,  and  his  life  was  often  in 
danger.  One  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Bijou 
is  named  Wilson  Creek  in  his  honor.  In 
this  locality  he  established  a  cattle  ranch 
and  range  in  1869,  stocking  it  with  a  Texas 
herd  that  he  had  purchased.  The  following 
some,  raiding  his  ranch.  One  man  was 
killed,  several  wounded,  and  stock  driven 
off.  He  now  devoted  his  time  to  his  ranches 
and  stock  interests,  on  both  Wilson  Creek 
and  Coal  Creek  The  Wilson  ranch  became 
the  center  of  the  cattle  industry  in  the  east- 
ern part  of  the  plains,  about  sixty  miles  east 
of  Denver.  It  was  the  first  ranch  that  was 
established  east  of  the  West  Bijou.  It  was 
a  region  typical  of  the  frontier.  Deer,  ante- 


lope and  other  game  abounded,  and  often 
mingled  with  the  cattle  herdsj 

After  peace  was  finally  restored  with  the 
Indians,  Mr.  Wilson  prospered  in  business, 
and  also  became  prominent  in  politics.  He 
was  a  member  of  the  territorial  council 
(senate),  and  in  1876,  served  in  the  first  state 
legislature.  During  the  legislative  session, 
he  was  especially  interested  in  the  enact- 
ment of  laws  that  would  protect  and  develop 
the  stock  industry.  He  was  for  several  years 
actively  identified  with  the  State  Fair  Asso- 
ciation. While  acting  as  superintendent  of 
this  fair  at  Denver,  in  1877,  news  was  re- 
ceived of  an  Indian  outbreak  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  state,  and  Mr.  Wilson  led  an  expe- 
dition against  them.  The  old  Kansas  Pacific 
furnished  a  train  for  the  volunteers,  who 
were  also  accompanied  by  William  N.  Byers 
of  the  Rocky  Mountain  News.  Arms  and 
ammunition  were  supplied  by  the  governor. 
Procuring  horses  for  his  company  at  River 
Bend,  Mr.  Wilson  proceeded  to  Lip  Trap's 
ranch,  where  John  Hitson  with  thirty  other 
volunteers  joined  them.  Mr.  Hitson  being 
an  experienced  scout,  ranger  and  Indian 
fighter,  was  elected  captain,  with  Mr.  Wilson 
as  lieutenant,  and  second  in  command  of  the 
expedition,  Avhich  now  numbered  one  hun- 
dred and  ten  men.  The  hostile  Indians,  num- 
bering three  hundred,  who  had  been  com- 
mitting depredations  on  the  ranches,  re- 
treated south  of  the  divide,  on  the  appear- 
ance of  the  whites.  Some  wished  to  make 
an  attack  at  once,  but  at  the  suggestion  of 
Mr.  Byers,  the  Indians  agreed  to  hold  a  coun- 
cil, but  as  the  opposing  parties  were  ap- 
proaching each  other,  the  Indians  suddenly 
turned  and  fled.  They  followed  the  Indians 
for  two  days,  but  the  latter  finally  made  their 
escape  before  the  command  could  give  them 
battle. 

"After  disposing  of  his  holdings  and  stock, 
in  1882,  Mr.  Wilson  went  to  Europe,  where 
he  spent  about  a  year  and  a  half  in  travel. 
He  has  also  been  an  extensive  traveler  in  the 
west,  the  Hawaiian  Islands  and  the  West 
Indies.  He  met  defeat  with  the  democratic 
party  in  1884,  when  he  was  the  nominee  of 
that  party  for  lieutenant  governor.  Begin- 
ning in  1878,  he  has  made  large  investments 
in  Denver  real  estate,  erected  many  build- 
ings, and  platted  a  sub-division  to  the  city  of 
Denver.  During  1886-1888,  Mr.  Wilson  was 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  One 
Hundred,  a  non-partisan  organization,  that 
was  fighting  "ring  politics." 

Mr.  AVilson  is  a  member  of  the  Colorado 
Pioneer  Society,  and  is  prominent  in  the 
Masonic  order,  being  a  Shriner  and  a  thirty- 
second  degree  Mason. 


—321— 


OSCAR  DAVID  CASS,  JR. 


—322— 


OSCAR  DAVID  CASS,  JR. 


ASS,  OSCAR  DAVID  JR.,  born  June  30, 
1881,  was  the  son  of  Oscar  David  (M. 
D.)  and  Emogene  M.  (Babcock)  Cass.  The 
Cass  family,  of  English-Scotch  origin,  has  an 
authentic  history,  dating  back  to  the  thir- 
teenth century.  His  ancestors  were  promin- 
ent in  the  early  settlement  of  this  country,  in 
New  Hampshire  and  Vermont,  during  the 
colonial  period.  Moses  G.  Cass,  his  grand- 
father, resided  in  New  Hampshire.  One  di- 
vision of  the  Cass  family  removed  to  Michi- 
gan, and  of  this  branch  was  General  Lewis 
Cass,  United  States  senator  ffrom  that  state, 
who  was  distinguished  in  the  history  and  ser- 
vice of  his  country. 

Dr.  Oscar  D.  Cass  (q.  v.)  the  father  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  one  of  the  pio- 
neers of  Colorado,  and  an  eminent  physician. 

Oscar  D.  Cass  Jr.  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Denver,  including  the  east  Denver 
high  school  and  then  spent  one  year  in  the 
Lawrenceville  school,  Lawrenceville,  New 
Jersey.  He  was  for  a  time  a  student  at 
Princeton  university,  but  only  took  part  of 
the  course,  returning  to  attend  to  the  busi- 
ness affairs  of  the  family.  Mr.  Cass  organ- 
ized the  Colorado  Brick  Supply  company, 
which  at  one  time  controlled  a  large  portion 
of  the  brick  business  of  the  city.  His  father 
dying  in  1894,  and  as  the  various  properties 
belonging  to  the  Cass  estate  incurred  work 
and  management  too  arduous  for  his  widow, 
the  0.  D.  Cass  Investment  Company  was 
formed  which  included  valuable  business 
properties,  among  which  is  the  Cass  &  Gra- 
ham block  at  Sixteenth  and  Curtis  streets. 
Mr.  Cass  retired  from  the  brick  business  in 
1907,  and  became  president  of  the  0.  D.  Cass 
Investment  Company. 

In  1909  Edward  A.  Bishop,  another  native 
son  of  Colorado,  formed  a  partnership  with 
him  in  the  real  estate  business,  more  for  the 
purposeof  protecting  their  own  properties 
than  engaging  generally  in  that  line  of  oper- 
ation, in  an  extensive  manner.  The  Bishop- 


Cass  Investment  Company  was  incorporated 
and  Mr.  Cass  made  president,  which  posi- 
tion he  holds  at  the  present  time.  The  com- 
pany controls  and  manages  many  business 
blocks  in  the  commercial  center  of  the  city, 
including  the  Foster  building,  Mercantile 
building,  Cass  and  Graham  block,  Riche 
Scholtz  corner,  Guldman,  and  many  other 
blocks. 

.  Mr.  Cass  has  been  the  active  head  of  the 
playground  work  of  the  city,  and  is  at  the 
present  time  treasurer  of  the  Denver  Play- 
ground Association.  He  is  also  a  member  of 
the  playground  commission  appointed  by  the 
park  board  and  the  school  board.  Much  of  his 
time  has  been  spent  in  behalf  of  the  public, 
and  he  is  a  member  of  most  of  the  several 
organizations  devoted  to  charitable  and 
philanthropic  work  in  this  city.  He  has  never 
held  any  political  office,  and,  although  sev- 
eral times  requested  to  run  for  office,  has 
always  declined  to  permit  the  use  of  his 
name  in  that  connection.  Upon  two  occa- 
sions, he  was  urged  to  run  for  election  as  a 
member  of  the  Denver  school  board,  but  his 
many  other  duties  deterred  him  from  con- 
sidering the  proposition. 

Mr.  Cass  is  a  member  of  the  principal 
clubs,  including  the  Denver  Club,  Denver 
Country  Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  and  the 
Gentlemen's  Driving  and  Riding  Club.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Real  Estate  Ex- 
change and  others  of  the  leading  commer- 
cial and  business  organizations  of  the  city, 
and  is  prominent  in  its  social  life.  His  fa- 
vorite recreation  is  polo,  being  one  of  the 
most  active  of  the  members  of  the  Country 
Club  team. 

Mr.  Cass  married,  at  Colorado  Springs, 
May  26,  1902,  Maude,  daughter  of  Benn 
Brewer  of  Colorado  Springs.  They  have  two 
children :  Dorothy  Marie  Cass,  eight  years  of 
age,  and  Oscar  David  Cass  III.,  five  years 
old. 


—323— 


FREDERICK  DEARBORN  WIGHT. 


VT7IGHT,  FREDERICK  DEARBORN, 
*^  banker,  stockman,  real  estate  and 
financier,  born  in  AVindsor,  Kenebec  county, 
Maine,  June  18,  1837,  died  in  Denver,  Colo- 
rado, May  23,  1911,  was  the  son  of  Joseph 
(born  in  Monmouth,  Maine,  July  7,  1787) 
and  Mary  (Merrill  of  Lewiston,  Maine) 
Wight.  The  family  name  is  from  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  from  which  his  ancestors  came. 


He  and  his  sons  were  among  the  first  con- 
tributors to  the  founding  of  Harvard  Col- 
lege, and  also  first  in  subscribing  and  levy- 
ing a  tax  for  the  first  free  school  in  Dedham. 
Thomas  Wight  was  accompanied  to  this  coun- 
try by  two  sons,  of  whom  Henry,  the  elder, 
the  great-great-grandfather  of  the  subject 
of  this  sketch,  was  the  first  municipal  officer 
of  Dedham ;  also  a  magistrate  under  the  gen- 


FREDERICK  DEARBORN  WIGHT 


The  AVights  were  a  colonial  family,  promi- 
nent in  the  history  of  that  period.  The  line 
of  Descent  of  Frederick  D.  AVight,  extends 
back  in  the  paternal  line  through  Joseph, 
Timothy,  Jonathan,  Jr.,  Jonathan,  Sr.,  Henry, 
to  Thomas  AVight,  the  American  progenitor, 
who  came  with  his  wife,  Elsie,  from  the  Isle 
of  AA7ight  to  this  country,  about  1630. 
Thomas  was  one  of  twelve  authorized  to 
found  the  town  of  Dedham,  Massachusetts. 


eral  court,  and  died  February  27,  1680. 
Joseph,  father  of  Frederick  D.  AVight,  mar- 
ried Mary  Merrill,  and  his  father,  Timothy 
Wight,  married  Sarah  Fisher.  Timothy  was 
the  son  of  Jonathan,  Jr.,  who  married  Jem- 
ima AVhiting.  Jonathan,  Sr.,  married  Eliz- 
abeth Haws.  He  was  the  son  of  Henry,  who 
married  Jane  Goodenow,  and  his  parents 
were  Thomas  and  Elsie  AVight,  the  original 
immigrants.  Joseph  Wight  was  a  soldier  in 


—324— 


the  War  of  1812 ;  his  father,  Timothy,  a  sol- 
dier in  the  American  Revolution,  and  others 
of  the  Wight  family  participated  in  King 
Philip's  war,  and  other  Indian  wars  of  the 
colonies. 

Frederick  D.  Wight  worked  on  the  farm 
and  attended  the  public  schools  until  six- 
teen years  of  age,  and  then  entered  the 
Maine  Liberal  Institute  at  Litchfield,  for 
three  terms,  afterward  teaching  school  and 
clerking  in  stores.  He  then  became  a  com- 
mercial traveler  in  Canada,  for  a  large  Bos- 
ton firm. 

On  July  5,  1864,  when  the  news  reached 
him  that  his  brother,  William  L.,  had  been 
killed  in  the  battle  before  Petersburg  (Fred- 
erick's wife  dying  twelve  days  after),  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  soldier,  although  he 
had  at  that  time  a  substitute  in  the  union 
army.  Soon  afterward,  a  captain's  commis- 
sion was  offered  him  by  the  governor,  which 
he  refused,  but  consented  to  accept  a  first 
lieutenant's  commission,  which  was  given 
him  October  27,  1864,  in  Company  A,  First 
Battalion,  Maine  Volunteer  Sharpshooters. 
He  commanded  the  company  from  December 
1,  1864,  as  a  lieutenant,  until  it  was  mus- 
tered out.  He  saw  service  at  City  Point, 
Virginia,  and  in  January,  1865,  was  ordered 
to  Petersburg,  and  attached  to  the  Third 
Brigade,  P'irst  Division,  Fifth  Army  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  Lieutenant  Wight 
participated  in  the  siege  operations  against 
Petersburg;  was  at  Dabney's  Mills  and 
Hatcher's  Run,  and  in  the  Appomattox  cam- 
paign ;  saw  service  at  the  junction  of  Quaker 
and  Boydton  Roads,  Lewis  Farm,  AVhite  Oak 
Road,  Five  Forks,  Amelia  Court  House, 
High  Bridge ;  witnessed  the  surrender  of 
General  Lee  at  Appomattox,  participated  in 
the  grand  review  at  Washington,  and  was 
honorably  discharged  from  the  service,  May 
29,  1865. 

Once,  when  referring  to  the  surrender 
of  General  Lee,  Lieutenant  Wight  spoke  of 
it  as  follows:  "I  had  the  pleasure  that  day 
of  being  in  line  with  my  company,  and  wit- 
nessed the  tattered  remnant  of  Lee's  veter- 
ans stack  their  arms  and  deposit  their  worn 
and  ragged,  but  cherished  banners.  The 
ranks  of  Lee's  army  were  so  decimated  that 
their  division  and  brigade  colors  were  nearer 
together  than  our  regimental  flags.  One 
color  bearer,  who  stood  directly  before  me, 
hugged  closely,  with  his  one  remaining  arm, 
his  bullet-scarred  staff  upon  which  still  re- 
mained a  piece  of  a  flag.  I  can  see  that  man 
now  with  his  old,  patched,  ragged,  faded 
butternuit  suit,  his  lank  but  erect  body,  his 
long  sandy  hair,  his  pinched,  famished  face, 


struggling  to  restrain  his  tears.  But  re- 
strain them  he  could  not ;  and  they  were  not 
unmanly  tears — they  did  him  honor." 

After  the  war,  Mr.  Wight  resumed  his 
employment  with  the  Boston  firm,  until  1873, 
and  in  that  year  located  and  stocked  the 
Travesia  ranch,  in  New  Mexico,  with  sheep. 
In  1874,  he  made  Trinidad,  Colorado,  his 
home,  becoming  interested  in  the  First  Na- 
tional Bank  of  that  place  until  1882,  and  of 
which  he  was  president.  He  was  also  inter- 
ested in  the  Trinidad  Gas  and  Electric  Com- 
pany, the  Trinidad  Electric  Light,  Heat  and 
Power  Company,  the  city  water  company, 
and  valuable  real  estate.  He  prospered  in 
the  cattle  and  sheep  business,  and  especially 
in  the  latter.  His  ranch  in  New  Mexico  cov- 
ered an  area  of  ten  by  thirty  miles,  and  his 
wool  clippings  in  1885  amounted  to  150,000 
pounds.  Up  to  the  time  of  his  death  he 
owned  and  controlled  82,000  acres  in  Texas, 
also  large  ranches  in  Colorado  and  New 
Mexico,  upon  which  grazed  many  thousands 
of  sheep  and  cattle,  and  became  one  of  the 
leading  stockmen  of  the  west.  During  the 
past  twelve  years  he  made  Denver  his  resi- 
dence, investing  heavily  in  real  estate  in  that 
city,  as  well  as  high  class  securities,  gradu- 
ally disposing  of  his  ranches  and  stock.  In 
1888,  his  name  was  prominently  mentioned 
for  the  gubernatorial  nomination  at  the  re- 
publican state  convention.  Mr.  Wight  was  a 
Mason,  a  member  of  the  Military  Order  of 
the  Loyal  Legion,  and  the  Sons  of  the  Revo- 
lution. He  married,  first,  at  Lewiston,  Maine, 
April  23,  1863,  Sarah  Ann  (born  at  Windsor, 
October  18,  1846,  died  July  17,  1864),  daugh- 
ter of  Henry  Milliken  and  Harriet,  daughter 
of  Benjamin  Hewitt  of  Windsor.  She  was 
educated  in  the  Maine  State  Seminary,  now 
Bates  College.  She  was  a  lady  of  many 
accomplishments. 

Mr.  Wight  married,  second,  August  1, 
1872,  at  Low  Moor,  Clinton  county,  Iowa, 
Mary  Abby,  born  at  Winthrop,  Maine,  March 
5,  1853,  daughter  of  Joseph  and  Hannah 
(Robinson)  Briggs,  of  old  and  prominent 
Quaker  stock.  Mrs.  Wight  attended  the 
High  School  at  Lynn,  Massachusetts,  the 
home  of  her  widowed  mother,  and  later  was 
a  student  at  the  Friends'  boarding  school 
at  Providence.  Mrs.  Wight  is  a  lady  of 
broad  and  liberal  culture. 

Mr.  Wight  Is  survived  by  his  widow  and 
seven  children,  the  latter  being :  Mrs.  Harry 
Quine  of  Denver;  Mrs.  Joseph  S.  Davis  of 
Denver;  Ernest  Wight,  Denver;  Mark 
Wight,  New  Mexico ;  George  Wight,  Ocean 
Park,  California;  Mrs.  Charles  McMillan, 
Spokane,  Washington,  and  Fred  L.  Wight, 
New  Mexico. 


—325- 


EDWARD  BELL  FIELD 


—326— 


EDWARD  BELL  FIELD. 


,  EDAVARD  BELL,  telephone  busi- 
ness  and  financier,  son  of  James  Barker 
and  Eliza  Ann  (Bell)  Field,  was  born  Sep- 
tember 4,  1850,  in  Chelsea,  Massachusetts. 
His  father,  born  February  3,  1828,  who  is 
still  living,  was  formerly  manager  of  the 
Academy  of  Music.  His  mother  was  the 
daughter  of  Edward  and  Elizabeth  Low 
(French)  Bell.  In  both  the  paternal  and 
maternal  lines,  Mr.  Field  is  descended  from 
prominent  colonial  ancestry.  Robert  Field, 
his  American  progenitor,  came  from  Eng- 
land, and  settled  at  Odeans  Point,  near  Rye 
Beach,  New  Hampshire,  about  1623.  Edward 
Bell,  his  mother's  ancestor,  of  English  stock, 
located  in  Boston  about  1709,  and  donated 
the  ground  on  which  the  English  high  school 
of  Boston  is  located. 

Mr.  Field  attended  the  public  schools  in 
Chelsea,  until  fifteen  years  of  age,  gradu- 
ating from  the  grammar  school  in  1865.  As 
soon  as  he  was  graduated,  he  went  to  work 
with  a  wholesale  woolen  firm,  and  outside 
regular  Boston  hours,  was  employed  at  the 
theater  business.  His  odd  moments  were 
occupied  in  learning  practical  things,  in 
which  he  became  interested,  and  later  espe- 
cially, in  the  mechanism  of  the  telephone. 
At  night  he  studied  biology  and  the  problems 
of  physical  and  social  evolution.  Thus  early 
in  life  he  developed  an  aptitude  in  search- 
ing for  basic  principles,  which  characterized 
his  business  career  in  after  years.  He  delves 
into  fundamental  elements  in  all  matters  per- 
taining to  commercial  affairs,  or  matters  in 
which  he  may  be  interested.  On  July  1, 
1865,  he  entered  the  employ  of  Eager  Bart- 
lett  &  Company,  in  the  wholesale  woolen 
business,  at  Boston,  continuing  with  that  firm 
until  November  1,  1879.  In  the  latter  year, 
owing  to  ill  health,  he  came  to  Colorado,  for 
the  benefit  of  its  lung  bracing  air,  arriving 
in  Denver,  November  10.  He  rapidly  recu- 
perated in  this  climate,  and  resumed  work, 
beginning  as  a  telephone  operator,  January 
10,  1880.  His  early  student  life,  partly  self- 
taught,  enabled  him,  within  a  few  months,  to 
become  proficient  in  electrical  science,  as 
applied  to  the  telephone  service.  His  ad- 
vancement was  rapid,  and  after  a  year,  he 
was  promoted  to  the  position  of  manager  of 
the  operating  department  of  the  telephone 
company  for  the  state  of  Colorado.  Mr. 
Field  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
company  in  1882,  and  general  manager  in 
1884,  and  later  the  president  of  the  Colo- 
rado Telephone  Company,  operating  the  Bell 


telephone  for  all  of  Colorado  and  some  adja- 
cent territory.  He  also  became  the  head  of 
the  American  District  Telegraph  Company, 
and  engaged  prominently  in  other  business 
activities,  but  everything  else  was  secondary 
to  him  but  the  telephone  company.  Mr. 
Field  is  a  master  of  details,  which  he  hur- 
riedly grasps,  thus  enabling  him  to  give  more 
time  for  the  exercise  of  his  wonderful  exec- 
utive ability,  his  master  force  that  has  built 
up  and  developed  this  great  telephone  sys- 
tem in  the  west. 

Under  his  administration,  the  company 
expanded,  new  lines  were  constructed,  the 
work  broadening  into  contiguous  states,  until 
it  became  necessary  to  enlarge  its  corporate 
powers  and  work.  Recently  the  company 
has  been  reorganized,  and  is  now  known  as 
the  Mountain  States  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Company,  of  which  Mr.  Field  is  presi- 
dent. Mr.  Field  has  a  genius  for  organiza- 
tion and  the  promoting  of  large  enterprises, 
in  which  he  has  always  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful. He  has  become  one  of  the  leading 
business  men  and  financiers  of  the  west, 
yet  he  is  one  of  those  who  came  to  Colorado 
for  his  health,  and  began  life  in  Denver  as 
a  telephone  operator.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Denver  Club,  of  which  he  was  a  director, 
and  a  member  of  the  executive  committee 
for  three  years ;  also  a  member  of  the  Den- 
ver Athletic  Club,  of  which  he  was  a  director 
for  several  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Country  Club,  and  clubs  in  other 
cities  throughout  the  west.  He  is  also  prom- 
inent among  the  commercial  organizations, 
and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Denver  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce. 

Mr.  Field  married,  January  22,  1872,  at 
Newton,  Massachusetts,  Miss  Mary  Alice, 
daughter  of  William  A.  and  Martha  Ann 
Legge.  Mrs.  Field  is  also  descended  from 
families  prominent  in  the  colonial  history  of 
New  England,  in  its  earlier  period,  and  later 
in  the  war  of  the  American  Revolution.  Her 
parents  were  born  in  New  England,  and  on 
the  maternal  side  came  from  an  old  line  of 
sturdy  and  self-reliant  Puritan  and  Quaker 
stock.  Elkena  Dyer  of  Maine,  one  of  the 
patriots  of  the  Revolution,  was  her  ancestor. 
She  is  a  member  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution,  and  takes  a  deep  in- 
terest in  patriotic  work. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Field  are  leaders  in  the 
social  life  of  Denver.  They  have  four  child- 
ren :  Edward  Bell,  Jr.,  May  Agnes,  Martha 
L.,  and  Grace  W.  Field. 


—327— 


THOMAS  F.  WALSH 


THOMAS  F.  WALSH. 


\\7"ALSH,  THOMAS  F.,  mine  owner  and 
mining  engineer,  born  at  Clonmel,  Tip- 
perary  county,  Ireland,  April  2,  1851,  died 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  April  8,  1910,  was  edu- 
cated in  the  common  schools  of  his  native 
county,  and  then  served  seven  years'  ap- 
prenticeship to  a  mill-wright,  the  time  re- 
quired for  that  trade  in  Ireland.  When  nine- 
teen years  of  age,  he  emigrated  to  this  coun- 
try, first  locating  in  Worcester,  Massachu- 


setts, where  he  worked  as  a  mill-wright  for 
a  year.  In  1871  he  removed  to  Colorado,  and 
at  Golden  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Colo- 
rado Central  Railroad  as  a  bridge  builder. 
In  1873,  attracted  by  the  mining  outlook  of 
the  San  Juan  region,  he  went  to  that  section 
of  the  state,  locating  at  Del  Norte,  and  fol- 
lowed mining  during  the  winter,  returning 
to  Denver  in  the  spring  of  1874,  and  thence 
that  year,  to  Central  City.  In  the  latter  city, 


—328— 


he  erected  the  principal  buildings,  at  the 
same  time  becoming  interested  in  the  mines. 
During  the  winter  of  1875-1876,  he  was  en- 
gaged in  mining  in  the  Black  Hills,  making 
his  headquarters  at  Ouster  City,  but  followed 
the  rush  to  Deadwood  in  1876,  where  he 
made  about  $100,000.  He  narrowly  missed 
becoming  a  half-owner  in  the  rich  Homestake 
mine. 

The  great  Leadville  boom  caused  his  re- 
turn to  Colorado  in  1878,  and  in  1879  he 
became  a  resident  of  that  new  mining  camp. 
He  engaged  in  mining,  and  also,  together 
with  Messrs.  Leavick  and  Daly,  purchased 
the  Grand  Hotel,  which  they  enlarged  and 
operated.  They  were  also  among  the  first 
to  purchase  any  large  amount  of  property 
in  that  camp.  Becoming  associated  with  the 
Du  Bois  Brothers,  they  bought  the  New  York 
mine  in  1879,  after  which  he  owned,  oper- 
ated and  sold  the  Shields,  Dinero  and  St. 
Kevin  in  Independence  district,  and  engaged 
in  the  general  mining  business,  in  which  he 
made  considerable  money.  Mr.  Walsh,  in 
the  meantime,  had  become  a  close  student 
of  mining  as  an  industry  and  a  science,  in- 
cluding a  thorough  course  of  reading  in 
geology,  metallurgy,  ore  deposits  and  min- 
eral veins,  and  the  treatment  and  reduction 
of  the  precious  metals.  About  1891  he  in- 
troduced into  Colorado  the  Austin  process 
for  the  treatment  of  ores,  which  proved  espe- 
cially valuable  in  the  reduction  of  the  prod- 
ucts of  low  grade  mines.  He  acquired  inter- 
ests in  smelters  in  Leadville,  Kokomo,  Silver- 
ton,  and  other  parts  of  the  state.  Later  he 
became  interested  in  the  Dean-Ham  group 
of  mines  and  other  properties  at  Cripple 
Creek,  and  also  a  valuable  mining  group  at 
Rico.  In  1896  he  discovered  the  rich  Camp- 
Bird  mine,  near  Ouray,  which,  with  other 
properties  in  the  immediate  locality,  devel- 
oped into  a  bonanza  group  that  made  Mr. 
"Walsh  one  of  the  mining  millionaires  of  the 
West. 

In  1899  he  refused  to  accept  a  nomina- 
tion for  Congress,  but  continued  to  take  a 
special  interest  in  the  civic,  political  and  so- 
cial growth  and  development  of  the  state. 
In  1900,  Mr.  Walsh  was  appointed  one  of 
the  national  commissioners  to  the  Paris  Ex- 
position. During  the  year  he  entertained 
King  Leopold,  and  became  interested  with 
him  in  some  extensive  enterprises.  Mr. 
Walsh  had  now  taken  up  his  residence  in 
Washington,  where  he  built  a  costly  man- 
sion, and  both  he  and  his  family  became 
prominent  in  the  social  life  of  the  nation's 
capital.  He  received  so  many  urgent  re- 
quests to  use  his  influence  in  behalf  of  this 
state,  on  many  of  the  measures  that  come 
up  for  consideration,  that  he  was  known  as 


" Colorado's  Unofficial  Ambassador  at  Wash- 
ington." No  man  in  private  life  was  ever 
more  influential  in  promoting  the  good  of 
this  state  at  Washington  than  Thomas  F. 
Walsh. 

He  was  especially  interested  in  the  erec- 
tion of  all  buildings  with  modern  appliances, 
that  would  add  to  the  safety  and  comfort 
of  the  employes  at  the  Camp-Bird  mining 
properties.  A  library  was  presented  to  the 
City  of  Ouray  by  him,  the  dedication  of 
which  was  held  in  1891.  He  has  served  as 
president  of  the  National  Irrigation  Con- 
gress and  the  Trans-Mississippi  Commercial 
Congress,  and  was  always  a  prominent  figure 
in  promoting  the  interests  not  only  of  Colo- 
rado, but  the  entire  Weset.  He  was  kind- 
hearted  and  liberal,  and  especially  had  a 
warm  heart  for  the  pioneer  and  old-time 
prospector,  for  he,  too,  had  experienced  much 
of  the  hard  life  of  the  West,  before  fortune 
came  to  him.  He  was  in  every  sense  a  self- 
made  man,  and  was  a  splendid  type  of  those 
who,  amid  the  busy  and  exacting  scenes  of 
life,  may  also  become  the  student,  and 
through  his  own  efforts  become  the  scholar 
and  the  polished  gentleman.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  (Colorado)  Humane  Society 
(president),  Sons  of  Colorado  (president), 
American  Association  for  the  Advancement 
of  Science,  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences, 
National  Geographical  Society,  American  As- 
sociation of  Mining  Engineers,  and  member 
of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Washing- 
ton (D.  C.)  Board  of  Trade;  also  a  member 
of  the  following  clubs:  Denver  Club,  El 
Paso  (Colorado  Springs)  Club,  Metropolitan 
and  Cosmos  (Washington),  and  Metropolitan 
(New  York). 

Mr.  Walsh  was  also  especially  interested 
in  the  State  (Colorado)  School  of  Mines,  and 
through  apparatus  donated,  together  with  a 
liberal  gift  of  money,  he  established  at  that 
institution  the  Vinson  Walsh  Research  Fund 
for  the  discovery  of  radium,  as  a  memorial 
to  his  son  who  lost  his  life  in  an  automobile 
accident  in  1909.  Although  Mr.  Walsh  main- 
tained a  beautiful  home  at  Washington,  he 
purchased  Wolhurst,  the  country  seat  of  the 
late  Senator  Edward  0.  Wolcott,  near  Den- 
ver, which  he  made  his  summer  residence, 
and  rechristened  Clonmel,  in  honor  of  his 
native  place  in  Ireland. 

He  married  at  Leadville,  Colorado,  in 
1879,  Miss  Carrie  B.  Reed.  They  had  two 
children,  Vinson,  who  died  in  1905,  and  Miss 
Evelyn,  who  was  married  in  Edward  B.,  son 
of  John  R.  McLean,  of  the  Cincinnati  En- 
quirer and  the  Washington  Post.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  McLean  have  one  child,  a  son,  Vinson 
Walsh,  born  December  18,  1909. 


—329— 


JAMES  HENRY  BROWN 


—330— 


JAMES  HENRY  BROWN. 


"DROWN,  JAMES  HENRY,  lawyer,  born 
•*"*  September  3, 1859,  in  St.  Joseph,  Missouri, 
the  son  of  Henry  Cordes  (q.  v.)  and  Jane  Cory 
(Thompson)  Brown,  was  brought  across  the 
plains  in  a  prairie  schooner  to  Denver  by  his 
parents,  when  about  six  months  old.  He  re- 
ceived his  early  education  in  the  Denver  pub- 
lic schools,  and  from  1873  to  1877,  attended 
the  Northwestern  University,  at  Evanston. 
He  was  class  president  and  a  member  of  the 
Phi  Kappa  Sigma.  While  at  the  university, 
he  was  active  in  base  ball  and  athletics.  Re- 
turning to  Denver  in  June  1877,  he  entered 
the  law  office  of  Symes  &  Decker,  where  he 
remained  two  years.  September  1,  1879,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  Denver  and  in 
1881  practiced  before  the  United  States 
Supreme  court.  He  was  the  first  elective 
city  attorney,  1885-1887.  The  records  show 
that  he  found  the  docket  crowded  but 
speedily  brought  cases  to  trial,  losing  but 
three  suits. 

In  1890,  he  was  elected  on  the  republican 
ticket,  a  member  of  the  house,  in  the  Colo- 
rado legislature.  This  was  the  Eighth  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  and  had  the  stormiest  record 
of  any  in  the  history  of  the  state.  Elected 
upon  a  reform  ticket,  and  being  a  born  fighter, 
Mr.  Brown  immediately  became  the  leader  in 
that  branch  of  the  legislature.  There  was 
discontent  over  the  committees  appointed  by 
the  speaker.  Mr.  Brown  contended  against 
all  precedents,  that  the  power  to  remove  the 
speaker  lay  with  the  body  of  the  house,  and  his 
views  were  sustained  by  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Colorado.  The  speaker  was  deposed  and 
Mr.  Brown  was  appointed  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  committees,  and  made  up  the 
list  for  the  permanent  committees,  which 
were  chosen.  During  this  period  of  legisla- 
tive strife,  with  many  sensational  features,  an 
appeal  was  made  to  Governor  Routt,  who  or- 
dered the  National  Guard  to  be  in  readiness 
to  maintain  order  in  the  General  Assembly. 
This  brought  about  consultations  with  the 
governor  by  the  contending  factions.  Mr. 
Brown  called  upon  the  Governor  to  ascertain 
if  he  had  taken  the  above  action  and  at  the 
same  time  notified  him  that  any  attempt  to 
order  out  the  Guard  to  interfere  with  the 
House  as  a  Legislative  body  would  be  at  once 
met  by  the  filing  of  articles  of  impeachment 
against  him  as  Governor,  for  unlawful  interfer- 
ence with  the  house  as  a  Sovereign  Legislative 
Body  of  the  state.  Nothing  further  was 
heard  from  the  troops.  Governor  Routt 


thereafter  requested  the  opinion  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  upon  the  legality  of  such  action 
by  the  house.  Upon  the  handing  down  of 
their  opinion,  quiet  and  order  were  restored, 
and  the  session  adjourned  with  the  enviable 
record  of  having  enacted  into  laws  all  the 
platform  pledges.  Mr.  Brown  was  instru- 
mental in  securing  the  passage  of  the  Austra- 
lian ballot  and  registration  laws. 

During  the  following  two  years,  he  was 
counsel  for  the  Denver  Tramway  Company, 
after  which  he  began  his  thirteen  years'  legal 
fight  to  protect  the  interests  of  his  father's 
and  mother's  estates,  which  involved  the 
handling  of  an  indebtedness  of  over  $1,500,000. 
Upon  this  one  matter,  he  concentrated  his 
time  and  effort.  With  limited  financial  re- 
sources, the  records  show  that  he  stubbornly 
contested  this  famous  case,  against  many  of 
the  leaders  of  the  Colorado  bar.  His  efforts 
were  rewarded  by  a  settlement  and  full  satis- 
faction of  all  indebtedness,  that  is  a  splendid 
tribute  to  his  energy  and  ability,  and  a  last- 
ing but  well  deserved  testimonial  to  the 
honor  of  his  father. 

In  1896  he  was  chairman  of  the  Colorado 
delegation  to  the  National  Silver  Convention 
at  St.  Louis. 

For  a  number  of  years,  he  was  active  in  the 
National  Guard,  and  was  frequently  in  com- 
mand of  troops  during  labor  troubles.  These 
disturbances  he  handled  with  tact  and  firm- 
ness, that  brought  about  settlements  without 
bloodshed.  As  president  of  the  Denver 
Athletic  Club,  he  was  active  in  its  early  or- 
ganization, and  was  instrumental  in  financing 
the  commodious  building  and  quarters,  now 
owned  by  the  club.  He  is  still  one  of  the 
republican  leaders  of  the  state,  and  is  promi- 
nent in  the  councils  of  his  party,  but  the  most 
of  his  time  is  occupied  in  his  legal  practice. 
He  has  the  largest  individual  law  library  in 
the  state. 

An  accidental  injury,  just  previous  to  the 
Spanish  War,  prevented  Mr.  Brown  from 
serving  in  that  war  with  the  Colorado  troops. 

He  is  a  Knight  Templar,  Past  Potentate 
of  El  Jebel  Temple  Mystic  Shrine,  a  member 
of  American  Bar  Association,  Colorado  State 
Bar  Association,  and  County  Bar  Association; 
Sons  of  the  Revolution,  Pioneers  Society, 
Denver  Athletic  and  Country  Clubs. 

Mr.  Brown  married  Dec.  12,  1884,  Mary 
A.,  daughter  of  William  Clark,  a  lawyer  and 
Senator  in  the  N.  Y.  General  Assembly. 
They  have  one  daughter,  Dorothy. 


—331— 


JOSIAH  NEWHALL  HALL,  M.D. 


—332— 


JOSIAH  NEWHALL  HALL,  M.  D. 


ALL,  JOSIAH  NEWHALL,  M.  D.,  born 
in  North  Chelsea,  Massachusetts,  Octo- 
ber 11,  1859,  was  the  son  of  Stephen  A.  and 
Evalina  A.  (Newhall)  Hall.  He  is  descended 
from  the  early  colonial  families,  his  lineage 
in  the  paternal  line  coming  from  William 
Hall,  of  one  of  the  Puritan  counties  of  Eng- 
land, who  came  to  this  country,  in  1652,  and 
settled  in  Medford,  Massachusetts.  Dr.  J.  N. 
Hall's  grandfather,  William  Hall,  born  in 
Medford,  Massachusetts,  served  in  the  war 
of  1812.  His  father,  Stephen  Augustus  Hall 
(1825-1896),  born  in  North  Chelsea,  Massa- 
chusetts, was  a  farmer,  following  that  occu- 
pation until  1849,  when,  allured  by  the  gold 
excitement  in  California,  he  sailed  for  that 
region,  via  Cape  Horn.  After  engaging  in 
mining  and  prospecting  for  three  years,  he 
returned  via  Panama,  dying  in  Massachu- 
setts, at  the  age  of  seventy-two.  Dr.  Hall's 
mother,  Evalina  Newhall,  born  in  Lynnfield, 
Massachusetts,  is  "descended  from  a  family 
which  settled  in  that  colony  in  1640.  Her 
father,  General  Josiah  Newhall,  commanded 
a  regiment  of  Massachusetts  troops  in  the 
war  of  1812,  after  which  he  was  commis- 
sioned a  brigadier  general  of  Massachusetts 
militia.  While  holding  that  rank,  General 
Newhall  commanded  the  troops  at  the  re- 
ception of  General  Lafayette,  and  at  the  ded- 
ication of  the  Bunker  Hill  monument.  There 
were  three  children  beside  Dr.  Hall;  Mrs. 
William  B.  Brooks  of  Amherst;  Alfred  S., 
who  remained  at  the  old  homestead,  and 
Mrs.  S.  S.  Harriman. 

Dr.  Hall  attended  the  Chelsea  high  school, 
and  has  received  the  following  degrees :  B.  S., 
Massachusetts  Agricultural  College,  1878 ; 
M.  D.,  Harvard  University,  1882.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Boylston  Society  of  Harvard, 
the  honorary  medical  society  of  the  univer- 
sity. In  1882-1883,  he  was  house  physician 
of  the  Boston  City  Hospital.  He  came  to 


Denver  in  February,  1883,  and  in  June,  that 
year,  settled  in  Sterling,  Colorado,  where  he 
was  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion nine  years,  and  was  also  mayor  of  the 
town  in  1889 ;  and  was  also  physician  for 
the  Union  Pacific  and  Burlington  railroads 
at  that  place.  Removing  to  Denver  in  1892, 
he  has  since  made  this  city  his  residence, 
and  built  up  a  large  and  lucrative  practice. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  State  Board  of  Med- 
ical Examiners,  1889-1895,  and  secretary  and 
president  of  that  body.  He  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  Board  of  Health,  1889-1911, 
of  which  he  was  elected  secretary  and  presi- 
dent, but  resigned  from  the  latter  board  in 
July,  1911. 

Dr.  Hall's  specialty  is  diagnosis.  He  is  a 
contributor  to  many  medical  journals,  espe- 
cially upon  diseases  relating  to  the  heart  and 
lungs.  Dr.  Hall  wrote  the  section  on  Gun- 
Shot  Wounds,  Burns  and  Scalds,  in  Petter- 
son  &  Haines',  a  text-book  of  Legal  Medi- 
cine and  Toxicology,  1903.  He  was  profes- 
sor of  medicine  in  the  Denver-Gross  Med- 
ical College,  and  is  physician  to  the  Denver 
City  and  County,  St.  Joseph's  and  St.  An- 
thony's hospitals,  and  to  the  Mercy  Sanita- 
rium. 

-  Dr.  Hall  is  a  member  of  the  following 
societies:  American  Medical  Association; 
Medico-Legal  Society,  New  York ;  American 
Therapeutical  Society;  American  Cliniolog- 
ical  Society ;  Colorado  State  Medical  Society 
(president,  1900),  and  the  city  and  county 
medical  societies  of  Denver.  He  has  attained 
a  high  degree  of  eminence  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession. 

In  1885,  at  Sterling,  Colorado,  Dr.  Hall 
married  Miss  Carrie  G.  Ayres,  a  native  of 
Mississippi,  and  descended  from  an  old  and 
prominent  southern  family.  They  have  two 
sons,  Sigourney  and  Oliver. 


—333— 


WARWICK  MILLER  DOWNING 


—334— 


WARWICK  MILLER  DOWNING. 


rjOAVNING,  WARWICK  MILLER,  law- 
yer,  born  January  14,  1875,  in  Macomb, 
Illinois,  is  the  son  of  James  M.  (born  June 
5,  1849,  died  July  12,  1908)  and  Ella  Mar- 
garet (Summers)  Downing.  The  first  Amer- 
ican ancestor  of  this  family  was  Thomas 
Downing,  who  came  from  Bradnitch,  Eng- 
land, about  1700,  and  settled  near  Downing- 
ton,  Pennsylvania.  Other  ancestral  lines 
came  about  the  same  time. 

His  father  was  engaged  in  the  real  estate 
business.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of 
Nathaniel  and  Margaret  (Parsons)  Summers. 
His  ancestors,  in  both  the  paternal  and  ma- 
ternal lines,  Richard  Downing  and  Warwick 
Miller,  were  patriots  and  served  in  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution. 

Warwick  M.  Downing  was  graduated 
from  the  East  Denver  High  School  in  1891, 


and  from  the  Law  School  of  the  University 
of  Michigan,  in  1895,  with  the  degree  of 
LL.  B.  He  has  resided  in  Macomb,  Illinois; 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia,  and 
Downington,  Pennsylvania.  He  first  came 
to  Denver  in  1889. 

He  has  been  assistant  city  attorney  of 
Denver,  and  also  special  counsel  for  the  city. 
He  has  also  served  as  attorney  for  the  State 
Land  Board,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Park  Board,  a  position  which  he  has 
held  for  seven  years,  having  been  appointed 
in  1904. 

Mr.  Downing  married,  October  12,  1897, 
Emma  Aimee,  daughter  of  John  E.  Leet,  who 
for  many  years  has  been  connected  with  the 
Denver  press  and  engaged  in  real  estate 
business. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Downing  have  two  children, 
Richard  and  Virginia. 


335— 


JOHN  M'EWEN  FOSTER,  M.D. 


—336— 


JOHN  M'EWEN  FOSTER,  M.  D. 


"COSTER,  JOHN  M'EWEN,  M.  D.,  born  in 
•••  Nashville,  Tennessee,  January  11,  1861, 
is  the  son  of  Turner  Saunders  (born  1822, 
died  1898)  and  Harriett  (Erwin)  Foster, 
daughter  of  James  and  Margaret  (Caldwell) 
Erwin.  The  father,  Turner  S.  Foster,  was  a 
lawyer,  but  his  son,  John  McEwen,  the  sub- 
ject of  this  sketch,  followed  the  medical  pro- 
fession. 

Dr.  Foster  attended  the  Montgomery  Bell 
Academy  in  Nashville,  and  the  University  of 
Tennessee,  Sewanee,  Tennessee.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Medical  Department  of 
the  University  of  Tennessee  in  1891.  He  re- 
sided in  New  Orleans  from  1883  to  1885,  and 
first  came  to  Colorado  in  September,  1889, 
and,  later,  after  completing  his  medical 
course,  came  to  Denver,  making  this  city 
his  permanent  residence,  where  he  has  been 
successfully  engaged  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  also  filling  the  following  posi- 


tions :  Professor  of  otology,  University  of 
Colorado ;  eye  surgeon,  St.  Luke 's  Hospital ; 
ear  and  throat  surgeon,  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital; consultant  eye  and  ear,  Mercy  Hospi- 
tal, Denver;  eye  and  ear  surgeon,  Colorado 
Midland,  and  Colorado  and  Southern  rail- 
ways; examiner  for  eye  and  ear,  Board  of 
Examining  Surgeons,  United  States  Pensions, 
Denver.  He  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Academy,  Ophthalmology  and  Oto-Laryngol- 
ogy;  American  Laryngological,  Rhinological 
and  Otological  Societies;  American  Medical 
Association,  Colorado  State  Medical  Society, 
and  the  Medical  Society  of  the  City  and 
County  of  Denver.  He  limits  his  practice 
to  ophthalmology,  otology  and  laryngology. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Country  Club. 
Dr.  Foster  married,  at  Memphis,  Tennes- 
see, December  29,  1885,  Miss  Bessie,  daugh- 
ter of  Captain  W.  D.  Bethel,  of  that  city. 
They  have  three  children,  William  Bethel, 
Pinckney  Bethel  and  John  McEwen. 


—337— 


ALFRED  CREBBIN 


—338— 


ALFRED  CREBBIN. 


/^REBBIN,  ALFRED,  British  diplomatic 
^  service,  boru  in  Bradford,  England,  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1853,  is  the  fifth  son  of  David 
John  and  Barbara  Crebbin.  His  father,  born 
in  June,  1812,  died  April  23,  1875,  was  prin- 
cipal of  a  private  school.  His  mother  was 
the  daughter  of  James  and  Margaret  Long. 
Alfred  Crebbin  attended  a  private  school, 
and  also  had  private  tutors.  He  first  en- 
gaged in  business,  at  Bradford,  England, 
with  John  Priestman  &  Company.  For  two 
years  (1882-1884)  he  was  in  the  Canadian 
Northwest,  and  for  two  years  (1889-1891), 
he  resided  in  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvania.  In 
August,  1892,  he  came  to  Colorado,  and, 


since  July,  1907,  he  has  been  the  British 
vice-consul  in  Denver.  Mr.  Crebbin  is  also 
the  American  manager  for  the  British  In- 
vestment Companies,  which  have  extensive 
interests  in  this  country. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club,  Den- 
ver Country  Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club, 
Denver  Artists'  Club,  Overseas  Club,  and  the 
Colorado  Scientific  Association. 

Mr.  Crebbin  married,  in  Denver,  June  13, 
1900,  Marie  Agnes,  daughter  of  John  J.  Ken- 
ney,  Liverpool,  England.  They  have  three 
children,  Barbara  Marie,  born  in  May,  1901 ; 
Alfred  K.,  born  in  January,  1903,  and  Harry, 
born  in  January,  1905. 


—339— 


MILTON  SMITH 


—340— 


MILTON  SMITH. 


OMITH,  MILTON,  attorney,  was  born  in 
^  New  Jersey,  January  31,  1866.  His 
father  was  Samuel  D.  Smith,  a  merchant  of 
that  place,  born  in  1840,  and  died  1902.  His 
mother  was  Hannah  A.  Bevans  Smith. 

Mr.  Smith  was  given  the  advantage  of  a 
splendid  education.  After  leaving  the  com- 
mon schools  of  his  native  town,  he  entered 
the  academy  at  Ellenville,  New  York,  where 
he  prepared  for  Cornell  University.  He  was 
graduated  from  that  institution  with  the 
degree  of  Ph.  B.,  in  1887. 

Mr.  Smith  selected  the  law  as  his  pro- 
fession and  was  admitted  to  practice  two 
years  after  leaving  college.  The  same  year 
he  started  west  and  arrived  at  Denver  in 
November,  1889. 

As  a  young  man,  Mr.  Smith  took  a  keen 
interest  in  the  politics  of  state  and  nation. 
He  enjoyed  the  friendship  of  leaders  of  the 
democratic  party  of  New  York  and  New 
Jersey,  and  it  was  but  natural  that  upon 
his  arrival  in  the  Centennial  State,  he  should 
affiliate  himself  with  the  party  of  Jefferson. 
For  the  last  twenty  years  Mr.  Smith  has 
occupied  a  commanding  position  in  the  de- 
mocracy of  Colorado,  serving  for  most  of 
that  time  as  chairman  of  the  state  central 
committee. 

With  him  politics  was  a  diversion — a 
game  to  be  played  hard  for  the  several 
months  each  two  years,  when  he  undertook 
control  of  his  party's  interests.  But  it  could 
never  be  said  of  him  that  his  devotion  to 
politics  interfered  with  his  progress  in  his 
profession. 

The  law  was  always  Mr.  Smith's  first 
concern  and  even  in  the  hottest  part  of  the 
political  campaign  he  was  ever  the  hard 
student,  jealously  guarding  the  interests  of 
his  clients,  as  wrell  as  the  political  fortunes 


of  his  party's  candidates.  During  a  politi- 
cal campaign,  Mr.  Smith  used  to  average 
eighteen  hours'  work  a  day.  In  those  months 
he  would  keep  a  force  of  half  a  dozen  ste- 
nographers busy  from  early  morning  until 
midnight.  Rising  before  six  o'clock,  he 
would  be  at  his  office  before  break  of  dawn 
and  have  much  of  his  private  business 
cleared  away  before  he  appeared  among  the 
first  at  democratic  state  headquarters. 

In  preparation  for  the  arduous  labors 
that  filled  his  long  hours,  Mr.  Smith  observed 
the  strictest  rules  of  training.  He  was  able 
to  go  through  with  the  heavy  self-imposed 
tasks,  because  he  kept  himself  physically  fit. 

After  holding  the  position  of  state  chair- 
man for  twelve  years,  Mr.  Smith  felt  he 
could  not  longer  afford  to  divide  time  with 
his  constantly  growing  law  practice,  and  in 
1908  he  relinquished  the  position  of  active 
head  of  the  organization,  but  his  services 
have  been  in  constant  demand  and  the  chair- 
men succeeding  him  have  sought  his  counsel 
on  all  questions  of  importance. 

In  all  the  years  of  his  active  participa- 
tion in  politics,  Mr.  Smith  has  never  cared  to 
hold  office.  The  only  public  position  he  has 
ever  filled  is  that  of  county  attorney,  an 
office  he  has  held  for  the  last  three  years. 

In  his  private  practice,  Mr.  Smith  is  coun- 
sel for  the  Colorado  Telephone  Company,  the 
Continental  Oil  Company,  the  Aetna  Life 
Insurance  Company,  and  many  other  large 
corporations.  He  is  also  attorney  for  and 
one  of  the  organizers  of  the  Denver  Reser- 
voir and  Irrigation  Company,  an  enterprise 
which  will  add  millions  to  the  wealth  of 
Denver. 

Mr.  Smith  is  a  member  of  the  University 
Club,  the  Denver  Athletic  Club,  the  Colorado 
Golf  Club  and  the  Denver  Democratic  Club. 


—341- 


SAMUEL  BERESFORD  CHILDS,  M.  D. 


—342— 


SAMUEL  BERESFORD  CHILDS,  M.  D. 


S,  SAMUEL  BERESFORD,  M.  D., 
born  in  East  Hartford,  Connecticut, 
November  5,  1861,  is  the  son  of  Seth  Lee 
(born  1811,  died  January,  1888)  and  Juliette 
(Wood)  Childs.  Of  colonial  ancestry,  his 
family  was  represented  on  the  American 
side  in  the  days  of  the  Revolution.  His 
father,  formerly  of  Canada,  came  to  Ver- 
mont, and  later  removed  to  Connecticut, 
where  he  wras  a  prominent  physician,  prac- 
tising his  profession  about  fifty  years,  and 
he  was  also  state  senator.  Dr.  S.  B.  Childs' 
mother  was  the  daughter  of  the  Reverend 
Luke  Wood  of  Vermont. 

Samuel  B.  Childs  attended  the  public 
high  school  (1875-1879)  at  Hartford,  Con- 
necticut. He  has  received  the  following  de- 
grees: A.  B.,  Yale,  1883,  and  M.  D.,  New 
York  University  Medical  School,  1887.  Dr. 
Childs  practiced  his  profession  in  Hartford 
from  October,  1888,  until  July,  1905.  He 
came  to  Denver,  in  1906,  and  resumed  his 
practice  in  this  city.  Dr.  Childs  has  made  a 
specialty  of  the  X-ray  in  his  profession,  dur- 
ing the  past  ten  years.  He  was  one  of  the 
first  to  use  the  X-ray  in  the  treatment  of 
leukaemia.  He  has  written  a  number  of  arti- 
cles for  medical  societies  and  journals,  on  ap- 


plication of  the  X-ray  in  diagnosis  and  treat- 
ment. Dr.  Childs  is  the  Roentgenologist  at 
the  St.  Luke's,  Mercy,  City  and  County  and 
Children's  Hospitals,  Denver.  He  was  pro- 
fessor of  anatomy  of  the  Medical  Depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Denver,  from  1901 
to  1910,  and  in  1910  was  elected  to  the  same 
position  on  the  faculty  of  the  University  of 
Colorado. 

Dr.  Childs  is  also  interested  in  outdoor 
sports  and  athletics.  While  at  Yale  he 
played  on  the  'Varsity  ball  team.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  University  Club,  Denver; 
American  Medical  Association ;  Denver  Clin- 
ical and  Pathologilal  Society,  of  which  he 
was  president  in  1910;  Colorado  Yale  Asso- 
ciation (president  in  1911)  ;  Denver  County 
and  Colorado  State  Medical  Societies. 

Dr.  Childs  married,  first,  in  September, 
1890,  at  West  Hebron,  New  York,  Henrietta, 
daughter  of  John  Willett.  She  died,  Novem- 
ber 5,  1906.  They  had  two  children,  Sam- 
uel Willett,  died  1893,  and  John  Wood,  born 
1896. 

He  married,  second,  September  2,  1908 
at  Henderson,  Kentucky,  Anne,  daughter  of 
Edmund  Lyne  Starling.  They  have  one  child, 
Samuel  Beresford,  Jr.,  born  in  1910. 


—343— 


-M4— 


HARRY  C.  JAMES. 


JAMES,  HARRY  C.  prominent  in  the  min- 
ing and  business  interests  of  the  state, 
president  of  the  United  Metals  Mining  and 
Milling  Company,  vice-president  of  the  fam- 
ous Yak  Mining,  Milling  and  Tunnel  Com- 
pany of  Leadville,  director  of  the  Denver 
National  Bank  and  also  of  the  Denver  Gas 
and  Electric  Company  and  the  Portland  Ce- 
ment Company,  is  a  native  son  of  Colorado, 
having  been  born  at  Georgetown,  this  state, 
August  15, 1868. 

He  is  the  son  of  the  Hon.  William  H. 
James  and  Margaret  A.  (Haddock)  James. 
Mr.  James'  father  was  born  in  1831  at 
Monmushire,  Wales,  and  died  Jan.  5,  1903, 
at  Denver,  Colo. 

The  James  family,  father  and  son,  are  in- 
separably connected  with  the  mining  history 
of  Colorado,  for  at  the  time  of  Mr.  James' 
birth,  his  father  was  actively  engaged  in 
operating  mines  in  the  famous  pioneer  min- 
ing district  of  Georgetown,  and  was  later  a 
partner  and  associate  of  former  governor  James 
B.  Grant  and  Edward  Eddy  in  the  promotion 
and  operation  of  the  Omaha  and  Grant  Smel- 
ter, of  which  Mr.  James  was  manager. 

Mr.  Harry  C.  James  is  of  Welch  and  Irish 
extraction,  his  earliest  ancestors  to  settle  in 
America,  were  Henry  James  who  came  from 


Wales  and  located  in  New  York  in  1813,  anp 
on  his  mother's  side,  Thomas  Haddock,  who 
came  to  New  York  from  Ireland  in  1812. 

Mr.  James  was  educated  at  the  Denver 
High  School  and  the  University  of  Michigan, 
but  did  not  remain  long  enough  at  school  to 
graduate,  returning  to  Colorado  to  assist  his 
father  in  business  and  commercial  life. 

Mr.  James  was  connected  with  the 
Shredded  Wheat  Company  in  its  early  days 
with  Mr.  H.  D.  Perky  but  soon  sold  out  and 
returned  to  his  chosen  profession,  mines  and 
mining;  but  a  man  of  his  capacity  for  large 
business  enterprises  is  always  sought  after  to 
assist  in  guiding  other  concerns,  as  his  di- 
rectorship in  some  of  the  largest  and  most 
successful  corporations  of  the  state  demon- 
strates. 

Mr.  James  is  prominent  in  the  club  and 
society  life  of  the  capital  city,  holding  mem- 
bership in  the  Denver  Club,  the  Country 
Club,  the  Colorado  Golf  Club  and  the  Oasis 
Club.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Psi 
Upsilon  fraternity. 

Mr.  James  married  Miss  Carrie  May 
Davidson,  daughter  of  Calvin  C.  Davidson 
of  Denver  on  June  8,  1892.  They  have 
three  children,  Evalyn,  Edna  and  William  H. 


—345 


THOMAS  BEALE  STEARNS 


—346— 


THOMAS  BEALE  STEARNS. 


Q  TEARNS,  THOMAS  BEALE,  mining  en- 
^  gineer,  scientist  and  machinery  manufac- 
turer, was  born  at  Brooklyn,  New  York, 
October  3,  1859,  son  of  Joel  Wilder  Stearns, 
born  1827,  and  died  1896,  a  manufacturing 
stationer  and  senior  member  of  the  firm  of 
Stearns  &  Beale,  of  New  York  City.  His 
mother  was  Elizabeth  (Beale)  Stearns, 
daughter  of  John  and  Maria  P.  Beale. 

Mr.  Stearns  is  a  direct  descendant  of 
Thomas  Stearns,  who  came  to  America  from 
England,  and  settled  at  Watertown,  Massa- 
chusetts, in  1640.  Most  of  Mr.  Stearns'  an- 
cestors were  ministers  or  lawyers,  one  hav- 
ing been  Archbishop  of  York. 

Thomas  B.  Stearns  attended  the  private 
schools  of  Brooklyn,  afterwards  going 
through  Brooklyn  Polytechnical  School  and 
the  School  of  Mines  at  Columbia  University, 
from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1881  with 
high  honors  and  the  degree  of  E.  M. 

In  1882,  he  came  to  Colorado,  locating 
in  Denver,  and  engaged  in  business  of  min- 
ing and  thereafter  in  engineering,  contract- 
ing and  manufacturing  in  connection  there- 
with. 

Mr.  Sterns  has  diverse  business  interests ; 
he  was  president  of  the  Colorado  National 
Life  Insurance  Company ;  is  vice-president  of 
the  Mountain  Electric  Company,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Steams-Roger  Manufacturing 
Company,  engineers  and  manufacturers  of 


machinery.  This  latter  business  occupies 
most  of  his  attention,  as  most  of  its  work 
is  in  connection  with  mining,  Mr.  Stearns 
having  himself  designed  and  superintended 
the  erection  of  some  of  the  largest  treatment 
plants  for  ores  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  re- 
gion, notably  the  Portland  mill  at  Colorado 
Springs,  power  stations  of  Denver  Electric 
Company,  chlorination  concentrating  and 
cyanide  plants  at  Florence  and  other  places. 

Mr.  Stearns  has  never  felt  that  his  knowl- 
edge of  mining  was  complete,  new  ideas  and 
processes  being  continually  discovered,  and 
he  has  always  extensively  studied  and  in- 
vestigated the  chlorination  treatment  of  ores, 
the  smelting  of  ores  and  the  mining  of  ores. 

Aside  from  his  numerous  business  inter- 
ests, Mr.  Stearns  is  especially  prominent  in 
all  social  functions  and  club  affairs  and  is  a 
member  of  the  University  Club  of  New  York 
City,  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers  and  of  the  American  Society  of 
Mechanical  Engineers.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Denver  Athletic  Club,  the  Denver 
Country  Club  and  is  especially  honored  by 
having  been  the  president  of  both  the  Den- 
ver Club  and  the  University  Club. 

Mr.  Stearns  was  married  at  Brooklyn, 
New  York,  in  January,  1886,  to  Lillian, 
daughter  of  James  M.  Burt  of  Brooklyn, 
New  York.  They  have  four  children,  Burt, 
Elizabeth,  J.  Porter  and  Lillian  Stearns. 


—347— 


LESTER  BURBANK  BRIDAHAM 


—348— 


LESTER  BURBANK  BRIDAHAM. 


•QRIDAHAM,  LESTER  BURBANK,  born 
•*~*  in  Bedford,  Pennsylvania,  July  10,  1872, 
was  the  son  of  J.  G.  (born  May,  1831)  and 
Jane  (Burbank)  Bridaham.  Of  Dutch  origin, 
his  ancestors  had  resided  in  Virginia  for  sev- 
eral generations,  his  grandfather  serving  in 
the  Continental  army  from  that  state.  The 
Burbanks,  his  mother's  family,  are  of  Eng- 
lish descent,  and  inter-married  with  May- 
flower lines.  Thus,  through  both  his  Virginia 
and  New  England  ancestry,  he  has  a  lineage 
reaching  to  prominent  colonial  families,  in 
the  north  and  south. 

Mr.  Bridaham  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools,  at  Cumberland,  Maryland,  and  early 
in  life  started  out  to  make  his  own  way  in 
the  world. 

He  came  from  Maryland  to  Colorado,  in 
1887,  locating  in  Denver  in  1896,  where  he 
formed  the  Davis-Bridaham  Drug  Company, 
which  still  continues,  having  grown  into  a 
large  and  prosperous  business.  Mr.  Brida- 
ham became  the  vice-president  and  general 
manager,  the  position  he  still  holds,  and 
under  his  guidance  it  has  become  the  largest 
wholesale  and  jobbing  drug  house  between 
the  Missouri  river  and  the  Pacific  coast.  He 
has  also  successfully  engaged  in  other  enter- 
prises, and  is  vice-president  of  the  Title 
Guarantee  Company  of  Denver.  In  the  so- 
cial and  philanthropic  life  of  the  city  he  has 
been  prominently  identified,  and  is  a  director 


of  the  Associated  Charities  Society  of  Den- 
ver. He  is  also  a  director  of  the  Chamber 
of  Commerce,  and  was  active  in  bringing 
about  those  influences,  along  with  others, 
that  resulted  in  the  erection  of  the  fine,  new 
building  for  that  body,  and  widened  its 
sphere  of  usefulness. 

Mr.  Bridaham  was  a  prime  mover  in  the 
organization  of  the  Colorado  Traffic  Club, 
of  which  he  has  been  president.  As  a  busi- 
ness man,  he  had  observed  the  unfortunate 
differences  and  misunderstandings  that  ex- 
isted between  the  railroads  and  shippers, 
and  saw  the  necessity  of  blending  the  com- 
mercial interests  into  more  harmonious  work 
and  activity.  The  result  of  this  idea  is  the 
Colorado  Traffic  Club,  one  of  the  strongest 
and  most  influential  in  the  west.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  organizations  mentioned,  he  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club ;  the  Den- 
ver Country  Club,  of  which  he  has  been  vice- 
president  ;  tKe  Denver  Athletic  Club ;  the 
Mile  High  Club,  Denver ;  The  Chemical  Club 
of  New  York;  the  Denver  Credit  Men's  As- 
sociation, of  which  he  has  been  president, 
and  the  Colorado  Manufacturers'  Ass6ci- 
ation,  of  which  he  has  been  vice-president. 

Mr.  Bridaham  married,  September  1, 
1898,  Miss  Alice  Gano  Beesley,  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  They  have  one  child,  Lester  Burbank 
Bridaham,  Jr.,  now  twelve  years  of  age. 


—349— 


ELMER  ELLSWORTH  WHITTED 


— 35C— 


ELMER  ELLSWORTH  WHITTED. 


-TWHITTED,  ELMER  ELLSWORTH,  law- 
W  yer,  born  April  11,  1861,  in  Williams- 
burg,  Johnson  county,  Indiana,  is  the  son 
of  John  D.  and  Susan  (Watson)  Whitted. 
He  was  graduated  from  De  Pauw  Univer- 
sity, Greencastle,  Indiana,  in  1887,  with  the 
degree  of  A.B.  and  also  received  that  of 
A.  M.  from  the  same  university  in  1890.  He 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1890,  coming  to 
Denver  that  year,  and  since  that  time  has 
been  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law  in  that 
city.  Mr.  Whitted  has  rised  rapidly  in  his 
profession,  making  a  specialty  of  corporation 
and  railway  law,  and  is  now  recognized  as 
one  of  the  leading  attorneys  in  Denver  and 
the  west.  Mr.  Whitted  has  been  counsel  in 
some  of  the  most  complicated  railway  liti- 
gation, in  which  leading  western  railroads 
have  been  involved.  From  1894  until  1898, 
he  was  assistant  general  counsel  for  the 


Union  Pacific  and  the  Denver  and  Gulf  rail- 
road companies.  Since  1899,  he  has  been  the 
general  solicitor  for  the  Colorado  and  South- 
ern Railway  Company,  and  general  counsel 
for  the  Colorado  Springs  and  Cripple  Creek 
District  Railway  Company  since  1905.  He  is 
now  (1911)  also  attorney  for  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  and  Quincy  Railway  Company,  in 
Colorado  and  Wyoming.  Mr.  Whitted  was 
professor  of  law  at  the  University  of  Denver 
four  years  (1895-1899).  He  is  a  member  of 
the  American,  Colorado,  and  Denver  Bar 
Associations,  and  the  Delta  Kappa  Epsilon 
fraternity,  and  also  of  the  following  clubs: 
Denver  Club,  University  Club,  Denver,  and 
the  Denver  Country  Club. 

He  married  in  1904,  at  Denver,  Colorado, 
Miss  Genevieve,  daughter  of  A.  M.  Ghost  of 
that  city. 


—351- 


JOHN  CLARK  MITCHELL 


—353— 


JOHN  CLARK  MITCHELL. 


"V/f  ITCHELL,  JOHN  CLARK,  banker,  was 
•*•  •*•  born  at  Freeport,  Illinois,  February  29, 
1860,  son  of  James  and  Catherine  (Clark) 
Mitchell. 

Mr.  Mitchell's  father  was  born  in  1810 
and  died  in  August,  1874.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  banking  business  and  we  find  his  son 
in  1878,  when  but  eighteen  years  of  age,  en- 
gaged in  clerical  work  in  a  bank  in  Free- 
port,  so  that  his  vocation  is  a  natural  one, 
following  as  he  did  in  his  father's  footsteps. 
Previous  to  this  he  had  received  a  common 
school  education  in  the  public  schools  of  his 
native  city.  He  continued  in  this  position 
for  two  years  and  in  1880  he  heeded  the 
call  of  the  west  and  came  to  Colorado,  set- 
tling in  Alamosa,  and  doing  work  as  a  book- 
keeper for  Field  &  Hill,  who  were  engaged 
in  the  general  merchandise  and  freight  for- 
warding business  following  the  construction 
of  the  Denver  and  Rio  Grande  railroad  and 
were  located  at  Alamosa  when  Mr.  Mitchell 
joined  them.  He  was  employed  at  this  but 
a  short  time,  as  in  the  same  year  he  again 
returned  to  his  chosen  work  and  accepted  a 
clerkship  with  the  Bank  of  San  Juan  at  Ala- 
mosa. 

Remaining  in  Alamosa  but  a  year,  he  went 
to  Durango  in  1881  as  assistant  cashier  in 
the  Bank  of  Durango  and  continued  there 


until  1883,  when  his  marked  ability  won  him 
recognition  and  he  was  appointed  assistant 
cashier  of  the  Carbonate  Bank  at  Leadville 
and  served  in  that  capacity  until  1890. 

In  1890,  having  been  connected  with 
banking  institutions  in  Colorado  for  ten 
years,  he  left  Leadville  and  came  to  Denver 
and  was  cashier  of  the  Peoples'  Bank  for 
five  months.  He  then  was  made  treasurer 
of  the  firm  of  E.  H.  Rollins  &  Sons  and  con- 
tinued with  them  for  six  months,  when  his 
knowledge  of  the  banking  business  was  rec- 
ognized by  his  being  offered  and  accepting 
the  honor  of  being  cashier  of  the  Denver  Na- 
tional Bank  of  Denver,  which  position  he 
still  occupies. 

Mr.  Mitchell's  vocation  is  undoubtedly 
his  proper  sphere,  as  he  has  naturally  grown 
into  prominence  and  public  confidence  and 
has  the  reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best 
bankers  in  the  west.  He  is  very  prominent 
in  club  and  social  life  and  is  a  past  presi- 
dent of  the  Denver  Club  and  a  member  of  the 
Denver  Country  Club. 

Mr.  Mitchell  was  married  in  1886,  at 
Leadville  to  Clara  Matteson  Goodell,  eighth 
in  descent  from  Captain  Joseph  Sill,  1836- 
1896,  and  daughter  of  R.  C.  Goodell  of  Lead- 
ville. They  have  two  children :  .Clark  G.  and 
Clara  S.  Mitchell. 


—353— 


I 


WILLIAM  THORNBURG  RAVENSCROFT 


—354— 


WILLIAM  THORNBURG  RAVENSCROFT. 


TJ  AVENSCROFT,  WILLIAM  THORN- 
rVb  BURG,  banker,  born  January  9,  1869, 
in  Kingwood,  West  Virginia,  is  a  son  of 
William  H.  (M.  D.)  and  Julia  (Brown) 
Ravenscroft.  His  father,  Dr.  William  H. 
Ravenscroft,  born  in  1837,  prominent  in  his 
profession,  died  1911  in  Denver,  Colorado. 
His  mother,  Julia,  was  the  daughter  of  John 
Cannon  and  Martha  (Batchelder)  Brown. 
John  Ravenscroft,  his  great-grandfather, 
came  from  England  and  settled  in  Virginia, 
Mr.  Ravenscroft  being  connected  with  some 
of  the  old  and  prominent  families  of  that 
state. 

He  was  educated  in  Maryland,  and  first 
entered  upon  his  career  as  a  banker  with 
the  First  National  Bank  of  Fairmont,  West 
Virginia,  holding  the  position  of  assistant 
cashier  of  this  bank  from  1890  until  1895. 
His  integrity  and  business  qualifications 
brought  him  further  advancement,  and  he 
was  made  cashier  of  the  Home  Savings  Bank, 
Fairmont,  West  Virginia,  which  institution 
he  was  instrumental  in  organizing,  and  cred- 
itably occupied  that  place  from  1895  until 
1901. 

In  October,  1901,  he  came  to  Colorado,  be- 
lieving that  the  west  afforded  opportunities 
for  investment  and  business.  His  experience 
as  a  banker  at  once  found  for  him  the  oppor- 


tunity he  desired  in  Denver.  He  was  asso- 
ciated with  Colonel  William  E.  Hughes  in  the 
organization  of  the  Continental  Trust  Com- 
pany in  1902,  and  for  five  years  was  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  that  company. 

In  1907,  he  severed  his  connection  with 
that  institution  and  organized  the  Federal 
State  and  Savings  Bank,  becoming  its  presi- 
dent. In  1911,  the  Federal  State  and  Savings 
Bank  was  converted  into  the  Federal  Na- 
tional Bank,  of  which  institution  Mr.  Ravens- 
croft is  now  the  head,  and  under  his  able 
management  this  bank  is  already  one  of  the 
leading  financial  institutions  of  the  city  and 
state.  Mr.  Ravenscroft  has  been  engaged 
in  banking  for  about  twenty-five  years,  dur- 
ing which  time  he  has  been  eminently  suc- 
cessful and  has  won  the  confidence  and 
esteem  of  the  business  and  banking  world 
and  public  in  general.  From  1908  until  1911, 
he  was  prominent  as  a  member  of  the  exec- 
utive committee  of  the  American  Bankers' 
Association. 

He  married  in  1891,  at  Rockford,  Illinois, 
Miss  Una  C.,  daughter  of  Calvin  L.  and 
Charlotte  C.  Robinson,  of  Pasadena,  Cali- 
fornia. They  have  two  children,  Lucille  S. 
and  Kent  Ravenscroft,  and  the  family  is 
prominent  in  social  circles  of  Denver. 


—355— 


WILLIAM  HENRY  LEONARD 


—356— 


WILLIAM  HENRY  LEONARD. 


LEONARD,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  mining 
and  manufacturing,  born  in  New  York 
City,  March  29,  1873,  is  the  son  of  Robert 
-W.  and  Mary  C.  (Barnes)  Leonard,  who  still 
reside  in  that  city.  His  father  is  one  of  the 
few  survivors  of  the  famous  Seventh  New 
York  Regiment.  At  the  close  of  the  civil 
war,  in  which  he  won  distinction  and  made 
a  gallant  record,  the  father  retired  from  the 
service,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel 
Later,  he  was  active  in  the  New  York  state 
military,  serving  as  colonel  of  the  Twelfth 
Regiment  of  the  National  Guard  of  that 
state.  As  a  colonel  of  volunteers  in  the 
Philippines,  he  again  saw  active  service,  add- 
ing still  further  to  an  already  splendid  mili- 
tary record. 

Mr.  Leonard,  the  son,  was  educated  at 
Saint  Mark's  School,  Southborough,  Massa- 
chusetts, and,  for  a  time,  was  a  student  at 


Columbia  College.  In  1891,  at  Colorado 
Springs  and  Cripple  Creek,  during  the  boom, 
he  was  engaged  in  mining.  Coming  to  Den- 
ver in  1906,  was  connected  with  the  establish- 
ing of  the  Denver  Rock  Drill  Company,  and 
became  manager  of  the  same.  An  extensive 
business  is  conducted,  with  offices  in  Denver. 
San  Francisco,  El  Paso,  Salt  Lake,  and,  also 
in  South  Africa  and  Australia.  The  company 
manufactures  the  Waugh  Drill,  at  their  Den- 
ver plant,  in  which  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
five  men  are  employed.  These  drills,  which 
are  now  a  standard  in  the  market,  are 
shipped  to  mining  companies  all  over  the 
world. 

Mr.  Leonard  is  not  married.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  of  the 
following  clubs:  The  Denver  and  Country 
Clubs,  Denver ;  El  Paso,  Cheyenne  Mountain 
Country  Clubs,  Colorado  Springs,  and  the 
Union  Club,  New  York  City. 


—357— 


JOHN  WALLACE  SPRINGER 


JOHN  WALLACE  SPRINGER. 


OPBINGBK,  JOHN  WALLACE,  banker, 
^  son  of  John  Thomas  and  Sarah  (Hender- 
son) Springer,  was  born  in  Jacksonville, 
Illinois,  July  16,  1859.  His  father  was 
a  prominent  attorney  and  banker.  Mr. 
Springer  is  a  nephew  of  the  late  William  M. 
Springer  of  Illinois,  for  twenty  years  a  mem- 
ber of  the  house  of  representatives  in  the 


national  congress,  and  afterwards  judge  of 
the  United  States  Court  of  Appeals  at 
Washington,  District  of  Columbia.  His 
mother,  descended  from  a  prominent  Ken- 
tucky family,  was  a  lady  of  rare  culture  and 
gracious  mien. 

The  Springer  family  was  prominent  in 
the  colonial  history  of  this  country,  and  the 


-358— 


line  of  descent  extends  back  to  Alfred  the 
Great,  Henry  the  Fowler,  Otho  the  Illus- 
trious, the  Czar  and  Grand  Grand  Duchess  of 
Russia,  to  Louis  Second,  the  Springer,  Ger- 
many, 1089,  the  origin  of  the  name  Springer. 
The  family  tree  also  extends  back  to  Charle- 
magne in  742,  and  to  old  Pharamond,  in  the 
year  420  A.  D.  The  origin  of  the  name 
Springer  dates  from  Louis  the  Second,  Ger- 
many, A.  D.  1089,  who  was  military  officer 
under  the  emperor,  Henry  IV.  Having 
caused  some  slight  offense  to  his  superior 
officer,  Louis  was  imprisoned  in  the  battle- 
ments of  the  old  Castle  of  Giebickenstein, 
near  Hale,  one  hundred  feet  above  the  river 
Saale,  but  owing  to  his  popularity  and  the 
fact  that  he  was  innocent  of  any  serious 
crime,  no  effort  was  made  to  bring  him  to 
trial.  He  made  his  escape  after  two  years 
of  imprisonment,  by  a  leap  or  spring  from 
the  castle,  and  on  being  taken  before  the 
emperor,  was  pardoned  by  the  latter,  for  his 
courage,  and  given  by  him,  the  name  of 
Springer,  which  he  retained.  He  was  born 
in  1042,  built  Wartburg  Castle,  and  died 
1128.  Further  down  in  the  ancestral  line 
are  reached  Charles  Christopher  Springer 
(1658-1738)  and  his  half-brother,  Lorentz 
(Lawrence)  (1646-1741).  The  old  Swedes 
Church,  Wilmington,  Delaware,  erected  by 
Charles  Christopher  Springer,  in  1698,  is  still 
standing. 

John  W.  Springer,  of  this  family,  and 
the  subject  of  this  sketch,  obtained  his  early 
education  in  the  public  schools  of  his  native 
town,  later  attending  Asbury  College  (now 
De  Pauw  University),  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1878,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
During  his  college  career,  he  developed  those 
oratorical  powers  that  have  since  made  him 
distinguished  as  a  public  speaker.  He  was 
a  resourceful  debater,  and  was  given  the 
honor  of  delivering  the  graduating  address 
of  his  class,  his  subject  being  ''Statesman- 
ship," which  he  handled  in  a  graceful  and 
eloquent  manner.  After  leaving  college,  he 
made  an  extended  European  tour,  and  re- 
turning home,  studied  law,  a  profession  in 
which  his  father  who  was  a  war  democrat 
member  of  the  legislature,  later  supporting 
President  Lincoln,  had  been  eminent. 

John  "W.  Springer,  in  1880,  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  by  the  supreme  court  of  the  State 
of  Illinois,  and  opening  an  office  in  Jackson- 
ville, that  state,  was  there  engaged  in  the 
practice  of  the  law  about  ten  years.  In  the 
fiftieth  congress,  he  was  clerk  of  the  com- 
mittee on  territories  in  the  house,  and  thus 
Hence  he  is  known  as  one  of  the  ablest  pre- 
siding officers  in  the  country.  In  1891,  Mr. 
Springer  w^is  a  member  of  the  house  of  rep- 


resentatives of  the  Illinois  legislature,  and 
during  1891-1896,  he  practiced  law  and  en- 
gaged in  banking  at  Dallas,  Texas.  In  the 
latter  year,  he  removed  to  Denver  and  took 
a  prominent  part  in  the  local  and  national 
campaigns.  He  was  opposed  to  the  silver 
issue,  as  then  raised,  and  left  the  democratic 
party,  supporting  McKinley  for  president. 
He  at  once  became  a  leader  in  the  business, 
political  and  social  life  of  Denver  and  Colo- 
rado. He  was  one  of  the  owners  of  the  Cap- 
itol National  Bank  of  Denver,  and  its  vice- 
president,  in  1902.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Federal  State  and  Savings  Bank 
in  Denver. 

He  is  now  (1911)  president  of  the  Conti- 
nental Building  Company,  and  the  Conti- 
nental Trust  Company  (since  1909)  ;  secre- 
tary and  treasurer  of  the  Continental  Land 
and  Cattle  Company;  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Live  Stock  Association,  1898-1905  ;  and 
president  of  the  Colorado  Cattle  and  Horse 
Growers'  Association  since  1907.  He  has 
served  as  a  director  and  vice-president  of 
the  Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce.  Mr. 
Springer  has  also  been  a  member  of  the 
National  Wool  Growers'  Association,  and  the 
Cattle  Raisers'  Association  of  Texas.  In  an 
educational  line,  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  the 
University  of  Denver.  In  1904,  he  was  the 
republican  nominee  for  mayor  of  Denver, 
and  it  is  claimed  that  he  was  counted  out 
through  frauds  at  the  polls,  although  fairly 
elected  to  that  office.  The  republican  state 
convention  of  Colorado,  in  1904,  heartily  en- 
dorsed Mr.  Springer  for  the  position  of  vice- 
president  of  the  United  States  on  the  national 
republican  ticket. 

Mr.  Springer  is  aggressive,  and  a  man  of 
great  force  of  character  and  ability,  and  is 
a  prominent  figure  in  all  republican  con- 
ventions, and  all  large  gatherings  of  non- 
political  nature.  As  a  presiding  officer  and 
as  a  public  speaker,  he  has  no  superior  in 
the  state. 

Mr.  Springer  owns  and  operates  a  12,000- 
acre  ranch  near  Denver,  where  he  also  main- 
tains a  beautiful  suburban  home.  In  equip- 
ment, furnishings,  and  general  management, 
it  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  ideal  spots 
in  Colorado,  and  in  the  management  of  it 
he  finds  his  chief  recreation.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  University  Club,  Denver  Country 
Club,  Overland  Country  Club,  Stockman's 
Club,  Gentlemen's  Driving  and  Riding  Club, 
Pan-Hellenic  Club,  Denver  Motor  Club,  Real 
Estate  Exchange  and  Denver  Bar  Associ- 
ation. Mr.  Springer  has  one  daughter,  now 
living  in  St.  Louis,  born  of  his  marriage  with 
Eliza  Clifton  (died  1904),  daughter  of  Colo- 
nel William  E.  Hughes  of  Dallas,  Texas. 


—359— 


JAMES  HERBERT  WILKINS 


JAMES  HERBERT  WILKINS. 


TWILKINS,  JAMES  HERBERT,  son  of 
Charles  and  Marianne  (Buncher)  Wil- 
kins,  was  born  October  10,  1864,  in  Lowell, 
Massachusetts.  His  father,  descendant  of 
the  notable  AVilkins  family  of  New  England, 


was  born  in  1824,  died  1896,  and  was  one 
of  the  leading  merchants  of  Omaha,  Ne- 
braska. He  was  the  son  of  Zaddock  and 
xthoda  Wilkins.  Zaddock,  a  captain  in  the 
American  army,  was  commandant  of  Fort 


—360— 


Warren,  Boston  harbor,  in  the  War  of  1812, 
and  lived  to  an  advanced  age,  dying  May 
10,  1864,  in  his  eightieth  year.  His  wife 
Rhoda  passed  away  June  2,  1874,  eighty- 
seven  years  of  age.  The  family  is  one  of 
great  longevity.  His  great  grand-parents, 
Timothy  and  Mary  Wilkins,  died  respec- 
tively, February  5,  1820,  and  January  28, 
1820 — he  eighty-eight  years  of  age  and  she 
eighty-three.  On  the  maternal  side  Mr.  Wil- 
kins is  also  descended  from  a  noted  ances- 
try. His  mother,  Marianne,  was  one  of  thir- 
teen children  born  to  James  and  Maria 
Buncher.  James  Buncher  spent  the  latter 
days  of  his  life  in  Durhamville,  New  York, 
and  enjoyed  a  well  deserved  celebrity  as  a 
portrait  and  landscape  artist,  and  was  su- 
perintendent of  engravers.  Through  the 
Bunchers,  Mr.  Wilkins  is  related  to  some  of 
the  most  aristocratic  families  in  England. 
His  great  grandfather,  General  Leche, 
ranked  high,  and  was  distinguished  in  the 
military  service  of  Great  Britain.  He  mar- 
ried Marie  Latone,  whose  family  was  con- 
nected with  the  proud  aristocracy  of  the 
English  gentry,  but  consented  to  give  their 
beautiful  daughter  in  marriage  to  so  dis- 
tinguished a  soldier  as  General  Leche.  She 
was  hardly  seventeen  years  of  age  when  she 
became  the  bride  of  the  English  general,  and 
accompanied  her  husband  to  Ireland,  where 
he  was  dispatched  in  command  of  troops. 
Maria,  born  in  Ireland  and  afterward  mar- 
ried to  James  Buncher,  was  the  daughter  of 
General  and  Maria  (Latone)  Leche.  She 
grew  up  a  very  beautiful  girl,  and  traveled 
extensively  with  her  parents,  who  at  one 
time  took  her  to  Portugal,  where  they  re- 
sided several  months  in  the  "palace."  She 
was  the  "daughter  of  the  regiment,"  and 
for  many  years  preserved  the  crimson  silk 
velvet  riding  habit  with  its  silver  canteen 
and  chain  she  wore  Avhile  filling  that  honor- 
able position.  When  sixteen  years  of  age, 
she  met  James  Buncher,  of  a  fine  old  English 
family,  and  after  a  brief  courtship  became 
his  wife.  After  the  death  of  his  wife,  Gen- 
eral Leche  was  ordered  to  Canada  with 
troops,  where  he  died.  Marianne,  daughter 
of  James  and  Maria  Buncher,  and  mother 
of  Mr.  Wilkins,  was  born  at  Micham  Surry, 
and  afterward  removed  to  Merton,  a  sub- 
urb, eight  miles  from  London.  The  Buncher 
was  an  ancient  family,  formerly  known  as 


Bounchier,  the  motto  for  the  coat  of  arms 
being  "Semper  Cristo." 

James  H.  Wilkins  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  at  Omaha.  In  1883,  he  came 
to  Denver,  and  in  that  year  entered  the  em- 
ploy of  the  motive  power  department  of  the 
Union  Pacific,  remaining  in  their  service  un- 
til 1889.  From  that  time  Mr.  Wilkins  be- 
came interested  in  real  estate  and  banking, 
in  which  he  has  been  successful  and  prosper- 
ous. By  judicious  investments  in  real  estate 
the  latter  greatly  increased  in  value.  In 
1900,  he  formed  a  co-partnership  with  Edgar 
C.  Cornish,  the  firm  being  known  as  the 
Wilkins  &  Cornish  Realty  Company.  In  the 
meantime,  he  had  also  become  cashier  for 
Charles  Hallowell,  investment  banker,  which 
position  he  held  from  1889  to  1894.  From 
the  latter  year  until  1900  he  was  cashier  for 
Joralmon  &  Company,  investment  bankers. 
He  was  vice-president  and  treasurer  of  the 
Wilkins  &  Cornish  Realtv  Company  from 
1900  until  1909. 

Mr.  Wilkins'  knowledge  and  experience 
in  Denver  real  estate  and  banking,  together 
with  his  large  acquaintance,  led  to  his  con- 
nection with  the  Continental  Trust  Company, 
one  of  the  largest  financial  institutions  in 
the  city,  and  of  which  he  is  vice-president 
and  manager  of  the  real  estate  and  loan  de- 
partment. This  position  he  ably  fills,  fully 
meeting  the  requirements  of  one  familiar 
with  the  city's  growth  and  development, 
with  an  accurate  knowledge  as  to  realty 
values.  He  has  resided  in  Omaha,  Fremont, 
and  Grand  Island,  Nebraska,  first  coming  to 
Denver  in  August,  1883. 

Mr.  Wilkins  is  a  member  of  the  Colorado 
Golf  Club,  Overland  Country  Club,  Denver 
Athletic  Club,  Traffic  Club,  Denver;  Denver 
Motor  Club,  B.  P.  0.  Elks,  Knights  of  Pyth- 
ias and  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen. 

Mr.  Wilkins  married  in  Denver,  October 
3,  1888,  Miss  Lily  Agnes,  daughter  of 
Thomas  J.  White  of  that  city.  Mr.  White, 
formerly  of  Kentucky,  and  a  prosperous 
merchant  in  Cincinnati,  is  of  Scotch  ances- 
try. Through  her  line,  Mrs.  Wilkins  is  con- 
nected with  some  of  the  most  historic  fam- 
ilies of  that  country,  and  through  the  ancient 
clans  to  the  royal  houses  of  Scotland.  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  Wilkins  and  their  family  are  prom- 
inent in  the  social  life  of  the  city.  They 
have  two  children,  Helen  M.  and  James  H. 
Wilkins. 


-361  — 


ROBERT  WALTER  SPEER 


—362— 


ROBERT  WALTER  SPEER. 


OPEER,  ROBERT  WALTER,  Mayor  of 
^  Denver,  born  in  Huntingdon  county, 
Pennsylvania,  December  1,  1855,  was  the 
son  of  George  W.  and  Jane  Ann  (Brewster) 
Speer.  His  father  was  an  officer  in  the  Union 
army  and  made  a  gallant  record  during  the 
Civil  War. 

Robert  W.  Speer  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools  and  at  Dickinson  Seminary, 
Williamsport,  Pennsylvania.  Owing  to  poor 
health  he  came  to  Colorado  when  twenty- 
two  years  of  age.  After  spending  two  years 
in  the  cattle  business  on  the  Colorado  stock 
ranges,  he  made  Denver  his  permanent  resi- 
dence. He  entered  the  employ  of  Daniels 
&  Fisher's  dry  goods  store,  clerking  in  the 
carpet  department  at  $8  a  week,  and  later 
engaged  in  the  real  estate  business.  Early 
in  his  Denver  career  he  became  prominent 
in  city  and  state  politics  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ers of  the  Democratic  party.  In  1880  he 
was  elected  city  clerk  on  the  Democratic 
ticket,  the  only  nominee  of  his  party  who 
was  successful  in  that  campaign.  The  Re- 
publican incumbent,  refusing  to  turn  the  of- 
fusing  to  turn  the  office  over  to  him,  Mr. 
Speer  with  two  of  his  friends,  bodily  ejected 
him,  and  breaking  open  the  safe,  took  charge. 
The  old  clerk  carried  the  matter  into  the 
courts  for  re-instatement,  but  in  the  mean- 
time Mr.  Speer  had  not  been  idle.  He  had 
been  quietly  making  investigations  and  dis- 
covered what  he  considered  irregularities  at 
the  city  hall.  The  contest  was  dropped  and 
Mr.  Speer  filled  out  his  term  as  city  clerk. 
He  was  postmaster  under  Mr.  Cleveland, 
serving  the  term  of  1885-1889 ;  was  presi- 
dent of  the  Denver  fire  and  police  board, 
1891-1893,  and  also  1897-1899  ;  and  was  presi- 
dent of  the  board  of  public  works,  Denver, 
1901-1904.  He  has  been  mayor  of  Denver 
since  June,  1904,  his  present  term  not  ex- 
piring until  1912. 

During  the  several  years  that  Mr.  Speer 
was  city  clerk  and  president  of  both  the 
fire  and  police  board  and  the  board  of  pub- 
lic works,  he  became  thoroughly  familiar 
with  municipal  affairs,  from  the  smallest  de- 
tails to  the  broader  and  higher  field  of  execu- 
tive work  in  city  government.  He  started 
out  with  the  idea  of  building  up  a  "Greater 
Denver, ' '  and  making  it  a  beautiful  city.  In 
this  he  has  been  eminently  successful.  New 
parks  have  been  secured  and  these,  with  the 
old  ones,  have  been  made  attractive  for  both 
old  and  young,  including  play  grounds  for 
the  children.  During  his  administration  the 


auditorium,  the  new  library  building,  the 
museum  at  the  City  park,  the  public  bath- 
ing house  and  other  public  buildings,  to- 
gether with  the  "Welcome"  arch,  have  been 
erected,  and  viaducts  constructed.  He  has 
also  made  Denver  a  "City  of  Lights." 
Streets  have  been  graded  and  paved,  curb- 
ings  constructed,  boulevards  and  driveways 
established.  Unsightly  and  undesirable 
places  within  the  city  limits  have  been  util- 
ized and  beautified.  One  of  the  best  illus- 
trations of  this  phase  of  the  work  may  be 
seen  in  the  improvements  along  Cherry 
Creek,  with  its  boulevard,  parking  and 
lawns.  Wliat  was  once  one  of  the  ugliest 
spots  in  the  city  is  now  being  utilized  and 
beautified.  The  civic  center  has  been 
planned,  and  the  opening  of  Broadway, 
which,  with  the  present  and  contemplated 
improvements,  will  make  Denver  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  cities  on  the  continent. 
Mayor  Speer  has  recently  returned  from 
Europe,  where  he  spent  several  months  in- 
vestigating both  the  details  of  municipal 
government  in  foreign  countries  and  the 
methods  utilized  to  make  cities  attractive 
and  artistic.  Mayor  Speer  also  believes  in 
a  clean  city,  not  only  as  conducive  to  health 
but  the  aesthetic  as  well.  In  all  these  mat- 
ters the  fame  of  Denver  has  gone  abroad, 
and  daily  inquiries  are  received  from  other 
American  cities,  as  well  as  from  foreign 
countries,  as  to  methods  and  plans  used  in 
Denver.  One  of  the  most  popular  acts  of 
Mayor  Speer 's  entire  administration  is  the 
Sunday  free  concerts  at  the  Auditorium,  both 
afternoon  and  evening,  which  are  conducted 
during  the  winter  months  and  are  attended 
by  at  least  20,000  people  each  Sunday. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  Colorado  Legis- 
lature, in  which  the  Democrats  had  a  good 
working  majority,  Mayor  Speer  led  in  the 
race  for  United  States  Senator.  He  was 
willing  to  go  into  a  caucus  and  abide  the  re- 
sult, which  his  opponents  refused  to  do.  His 
friends  then  remained  firm  to  the  last,  and 
the  Legislature  adjourned  without  electing  a 
United  States  Senator,  to  fill  the  vacancy 
caused  by  the  lamented  death  of  the  Hon- 
orable Charles  J.  Hughes,  Jr. 

Mayor  Speer  is  a  member  of  the  follow- 
ing clubs  and  societies:  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, Real  Estate  Exchange,  Colorado  Traf- 
fic Club  and  Denver  Country  Club. 

He  married,  in  1882,  Miss  Kate  A.  Thrush 
of  Lewiston,  Pennsylvania,  a  lady  of  cul- 
ture and  esteemed  for  her  many  virtues. 


-363— 


GUSTAVE  CHARLES  BARTELS 


—364— 


GUSTAVE  CHARLES  BARTELS. 


p>  ARTELS,  GUSTAVE  CHARLES,  lawyer, 
•^  born  January  22,  1858,  in  Bellevue, 
Nebraska,  is  the  son  of  Louis  F.  and  Caro- 
line H.  (Dieteriehs)  Bartels.  His  father, 
Louis  F.,  born  in  Germany,  1826,  died 
August  27,  1874,  was  a  Colorado  pioneer, 
a  prosperous  merchant  of  Denver  in  the  early 
days,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Colorado 
territorial  legislature,  in  the  Fifth  General 
Assembly. 

Gustave  C.  Bartels,  his  eldest  son,  who 
came  to  Colorado  in  1862,  attended  the  pub- 
lic schools  in  Denver,  and  then  for  four  years 
was  a  student  at  Washington  University,  St. 
Louis.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Michigan  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B., 
in  1879,  beginning  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession in  Denver  the  same  year.  In  1880, 
he  formed  a  partnership  with  James  H. 
Blood  (q.  v.)  a  class-mate  at  the  University 
of  Michigan,  the  firm  being  known  for  many 


years  as  Bartels  &  Blood,  but  more  recently 
as  Bartels,  Blood  &  Bancroft.  The  firm  under 
the  old  as  well  as  the  new  name,  is  recog- 
nized as  one  of  the  ablest  in  Denver  and  the 
west.  Mr.  Bartels  was  corporation  counsel 
of  the  city  of  Denver  during  the  adminis- 
tration of  Mayor  William  Scott  Lee.  He  has 
always  been  a  republican  in  politics,  and  in- 
fluential as  a  leader  in  his  party.  In  1900, 
he  was  the  republican  nominee  for  the  Colo- 
rado supreme  court,  when  the  state  went 
heavily  democratic,  and  his  opponent,  the 
late  Robert  W.  Steele,  was  elected.  He  was 
president  of  the  Denver  Bar  Association  in 
1895. 

Mr.  Bartels  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club  and  University  Club,  Denver;  and  the 
Denver  Country  Club. 

He  married  Miss  Emma  R.  Godfrey  in 
Denver,  April  30,  1883.  They  have  one  son, 
Earl  G.,  a  lawyer. 


—365- 


•     HENRY  M.  PORTER 


—366— 


HENRY  M.  PORTER. 


DORTER,  HENRY  M.,  capitalist,  born  in 
*  Lancaster,  Pa.,  Nov.  2,  1840,  is  the 
son  of  John  B.  and  Harriet  H.  (Kurtz)  Por- 
ter. His  father,  born  in  Philadelphia,  was  of 
Scotch-Irish  ancestry,  and  his  mother,  of 
German  descent.  Early  in  life,  John  B.  Por- 
ter was  a  boot  and  shoe  merchant  in  Phila- 
delphia, and  later  was  engaged  for  several 
years  in  the  same  business  in  Pittsburgh.  In 
1840  he  removed  with  his  family  to  Jefferson 
City,  Mo.,  where  he  resided  six  years;  then" 
lived  eight  years  on  a  farm  twelve  miles  south- 
west of  Jefferson  City,  and  thence  to  a  farm 
near  Kirks ville,  Adair  county,  Mo.,  where  he 
died  in  1893. 

Henry  M.  Porter  worked  on  a  farm  and 
attended  school  until  eighteen  years  of  age 
when  he  entered  the  employ  of  the  Missouri 
Telegraph  Company,  then  constructing  a  line 
up  the  Missouri  River  from  St.  Louis  to 
Omaha,  and  thence  to  Julesburg,  Colorado. 
Owing  to  his  skill  and  experience  in  this  kind 
of  work,  the  authorities  at  Washington  of- 
fered him  a  position  with  important  and  re- 
sponsible duties  during  the  civil  war.  En- 
gaged in  the  military  service  in  1861,  he  con- 
structed the  government  lines  from  St.  Louis 
to  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  and  down  the  river  to 
Pilot  Knob,  Cape  Girardeau  and  New  Madrid. 
Gen.  Pope  was  thus  enabled  to  keep  in  com- 
munication with  headquarters  at  St.  Louis  in 
his  campaign  against  Gen.  Pillow,  that  re- 
sulted in  forcing  the  latter  out  of  the  coun- 
try, causing  the  evacuation  of  Island  No. 
10  in  the  Mississippi  river.  During  the  con- 
struction of  this  line,  Mr.  Porter  was  cap- 
tured by  Gen.  Jeff  Thompson  in  southwest 
Mo.  and  taken  into  the  swamps  of  that  re- 
gion. Here  he  remained  sometime  as  a 
prisoner,  was  then  released  and  returning  to 
his  military  work,  resumed  the  construction 
of  the  line,  which  he  completed  as  was  orig- 
inally planned.  In  1862,  Mr.  Porter  removed 
to  Denver,  and  entered  upon  that  success- 
ful business  career  in  Colorado,  New  Mexico, 
and  the  Rocky  Mountain  region,  that  both 
by  investment  and  development,  has  made 
him  the  leader  in  many  enterprises,  and  one 
of  the  builders  of  the  west.  Through  him 
there  was  established  in  Denver  the  whole- 
sale grocery  house  of  Stebbins  &  Porter.  He 
was  later  actively  engaged  in  an  extensive 
forwarding  and  commission  business,  es- 
tablishing banking  houses  in  Atchison,  Kan- 


sas, and  Kirksville,  Mo.;  mercantile  and 
banking  houses  in  Santa  Fe,  Elizabethtown, 
Cimarron,  Silver  City,  and  Springer,  N.  M., 
and  Del  Norte,  Colorado.  From  1871  until 
1882,  Mr.  Porter  resided  in  Cimarron,  N.  M. 
during  the  period  he  was  extending  and  devel- 
oping these  great  enterprises  in  the  south- 
west. He  was  president  of  the  United  States 
and  Mexico  Telegraph  Company  organized 
in  Denver  in  1867,  and  in  1868,  constructed  a 
line  from  this  city  to  Santa  Fe  with  William 
N.  Byers  as  superintendent  in  charge  during 
the  building  of  the  same.  This  company  also 
constructed  for  the  Denver  &  Pacific  Rail- 
way Company,  of  which  Mr.  Porter  was  also 
an  original  promoter,  a  telegraph  line  from 
Denver  to  Cheyenne. 

In  1882,  Mr.  Porter  returned  to  Denver, 
which  he  has  since  made  his  permanent  resi- 
dence, and  at  once  became  prominently 
identified  with  the  leading  business  of  the 
city,  and  interested  in  many  of  the  commer- 
cial and  other  enterprises  that  built  up  and 
made  Denver  the  metropolis  of  the  Rocky 
Mountain  region.  He  became  interested  in 
the  Denver  National  Bank,  the  American 
Water  Works  Company,  the  Denver  Con- 
solidated Gas  Company,  the  Denver  Con- 
solidated Electric  Company,  the  Colorado 
Fuel  &  Iron  Company,  the  Denver  Steam 
Heating  Company,  the  Colorado  Packing 
Company,  the  Denver  Union  Stock  Yards 
Company,  the  Denver  Steel  Works  Company, 
the  James  Paving  Company,  and  the  Denver 
Paper  Mills.  Mr.  Porter  also  made  large 
investments  in  the  cattle  and  grazing  in- 
dustry, having  extensive  interests  in  the  Red 
River,  the  Pawnee,  the  Cimarron,  the  Texas, 
the  Urak,  and  Gila  Cattle  Companies.  He 
has  always  shown  keen  and  business  fore- 
sight in  the  development  of  Denver,  Colorado 
and  the  west,  believing  that  the  great  re- 
sources of  this  region  warranted  heavy  real 
estate  investments.  He  has  been  especially 
interested  in  buying  and  developing  on  Fif- 
teenth street,  as  well  as  other  parts  of  the 
city,  and  his  real  estate  holdings  in  Denver 
are  extensive. 

Mr.  Porter  married  in  1874,  Miss  Laura 
W,  daughter  of  John  W.  and  Elizabeth 
Smith  of  Denver.  They  have  five  children: 
Dora  G.,  John  H.,  William  E.,  Laurine,  and 
Ruth. 


—367- 


WILLIAM  NEWTON  BYERS. 


YERS,  WILLIAM  NEWTON,  journalist, 
son  of  Moses  Watson  and  Mary  Ann 
(Brandenburg)  Byers,  was  born  in  Madison 
county,  Ohio,  February  22,  1831,  and  died 
in  Denver,  Colorado,  on  March  25,  1903. 
His  ancestors  were  influential  families  in  the 
colonial  era.  His  great  grandfather,  An- 
drew Byers,  and  his  grandfather,  James  By- 
esrs,  and  two  of  the  latter 's  brothers,  were 


on  the  Darby  plains.  Removing  to  Musca- 
tine,  Iowa,  he  again  engaged  in  farming, 
and  died  there  in  1866.  His  wife,  who  was 
Mary  Ann  Brandenburg,  of  an  old  German 
family,  in  the  Miami  valley  of  Ohio,  died  in 
Iowa  in  1884. 

William  N.  Byers  was  educated  in  the 
public  schools,  which  he  attended  during  the 
winter  months,  working  on  the  farm  in  sum- 


WILLIAM  NEWTON  BYERS 


soldiers  in  the  patriotic  army  of  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution.  He  is  descended  from  a 
Scotch  family  that,  through  persecution,  was 
driven  to  Ireland,  there  participating  in  the 
siege  of  Londonderry.  Later  they  immi- 
grated to  the  American  colonies  and  settled 
in  Pennsylvania.  His  father,  Moses  Wat- 
son Byers,  born  in  Washington  county,  Penn- 
sylvania, removed  to  Madison  county,  Ohio, 
where  he  cleared  and  farmed  about  300  acres 


mer.  In  1848-49  he  was  a  student  at  the 
academy,  West  Jefferson,  Ohio.  In  1851  he 
began  his  work  as  a  surveyor,  starting  as  a 
chainman  and  compassman  in  the  employ  of 
the  government,  then  making  extensive  sur- 
veys in  Western  Iowa.  He  later  ran  the 
section  lines  of  a  considerable  part  of  this 
survey,  until  1852,  when  he  went  to  the  Pa- 
cific Coast.  He  was  employed  as  a  United 
States  surveyor  in  Oregon,  and  what  is  now 


—368— 


the  State  of  Washington,  and  in  the  winter 
of  1853-54  was  engaged  in  the  mining  camps 
of  California,  returning  to  the  states  via  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama.     He  followed  railroad 
surveying  for  a  short  time,  making  his  home 
in  Omaha  in  1854.    He  there  became  county 
surveyor,  then  the  first  deputy  United  States 
surveyor  for  Nebraska,  running  the  section 
and  township  lines  in  the  eastern  part  of  the 
territory.    In  1854-55  Mr.  Byers  was  elected 
an  alderman  in  Omaha,  and  was  also  a  mem- 
ber of  the  first  territorial  legislature  of  Ne- 
braska, and  was  a  prominent  figure  during 
political  discussion  and  agitation  of  the  Kan- 
sas-Nebraska bill.    He  came  to  Denver  in  the 
spring    of    1859,    bringing    by    wagon,    the 
equipment  for  a  newspaper,  and  printed  the 
first  issue  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  News  April 
23,  1859.     This  was  Colorado's  first  newspa- 
per, of  which  Mr.  Byers  was  editor  and  man- 
ager for  nineteen  years.    Mr.  Byers  was  one 
of  the  most  historic  figures  in  the  upbuilding 
of  Colorado,  not  only  as  a  journalist,  but  in 
the  promotion  and  advancement    of    many 
enterprises.     In  the  political,  industrial,  ed- 
ucational, and,  in  fact,  in  every  feature  of 
life,  that  moulded  and  encouraged  western 
spirit,  activity,  and  development,  Mr.  Byers 
stood  out  pre-eminent.     During  his  life  he 
was  a  living  encyclopaedia  of  Colorado  life 
and  events.    While  he  never  claimed  to  be  a 
specialist,  yet  for  general  and  all-round  in- 
formation on  all  topics  and  questions  relat- 
ing to  the  west,  its  history,  principal  events, 
noted  men,  science  in  the  popular  form,  and 
the  varied  industries,  Mr.  Byers  was  the  peer 
of  them  all.     He  visited  the  rich  "strikes" 
made  in  the  mines  by  Jackson  and  Gregory, 
and  others  that  followed,  and  through  his 
newspaper  made  known  the  rapid  develop- 
ment of  the  mining  industry.    With  agricul- 
ture, the  stock  industry,  railroad  building, 
and  every  feature  of  western  development, 
Mr.  Byers  kept  in  close  touch  from  its  early 
history  to  its  later  achievements.    On  all  that 
pertained  to  the  west,  he  was  in  his  day,  the 
best  informed  man  in  Colorado.     He  was  a 
man  of  courage,  and  as  editor  of  the  News, 
faced  mob  threats  and  violence  in  his  tight 
for  law  and  order  in  the  pioneer  days.    He 
was  one  of  the  organizers  of  the  company 
that   built   the   first   telegraph   line   in   this 
state,  extending  from  Denver  to  Santa  Fe, 
this  branch  being  constructed  under  his  per- 
sonal supervision. 

Through  the  influence  of  his  newspaper, 
Mr.  Byers  added  many  thousands  of  immi- 
grants to  the  population  of  the  state.  He 
was  interested  in  the  promoting  and  build- 
ing of  the  Denver  &  South  Park,  Denver  Pa- 


cific, Utah  &  Pacific,  Denver  &  Rio  Grande, 
and  all  the  early  railroads  of  this  region. 
In  1893-94  he  was  president  of  the  Denver 
Chamber  of  Commerce.  He  was  prominently 
associated  with  the  promoters  and  builders 
of  the  present  Denver  Tramway  system,  of 
which  he  was  vice-president  for  many  years. 
In  politics,  Mr.  Byers  was  a  Republican,  al- 
ways a  leading  factor  in  the  councils  of  his 
party,  and  one  of  the  most  influential  in 
securing  the  admission  of  Colorado  as  a 
state.  In  June,  1859,  he  was  chairman  of  a 
convention  called  to  secure  a  state  organiza- 
tion; was  a  member,  in  1864,  of  the  conven- 
tion that  framed  the  first  state  constitution, 
under  the  enabling  act  of  congress,  but 
vetoed  by  President  Johnson;  was  ap- 
pointed Denver  postmaster  in  1864,  resigning 
in  1867 ;  was  again  postmaster  at  Denver 
during  the  Hayes  administration,  1879-1883 ; 
was  president  of  the  Festival  of  Mountain 
and  Plain.  In  every  position  held,  Mr.  By- 
ers filled  it  with  marked  ability.  He  was 
for  several  years  president  of  the  State  His- 
torical and  Natural  History  Society  of  Colo- 
rado, also  filling  that  position  with  the  Colo- 
rado Pioneer  Society.  He  stood  high  in  the 
Masonic  fraternity.  The  name  of  Mr.  Byers 
was  frequently  suggested  for  the  guberna- 
torial nomination,  but  he  never  aspired  for 
holding  that  office. 

Mr.  Byers  married  in  Muscatine,  Iowa, 
November  16,  1854,  Elizabeth  Minerva  Sum- 
ner,  granddaughter  of  Governor  Lucas,  twice 
governor  of  Ohio,  and  later  twice  governor 
of  Iowa,  appointive  and  elective.  The  Sum- 
ners  came  from  an  old  and  noted  colonial 
families  of  Virginia.  Mrs.  Byers  from  the 
pioneer  days  to  the  present  time  has  been 
prominent  in  the  social,  church,  educational 
and  patriotic  life  and  work  of  Denver. 
Sulphur  Springs,  and  Mary  Byers,  wife  of 

In  1864,  Mr.  Byers  located  mineral 
springs,  known  as  the  Warm  or  Hot  Sulphur 
Springs,  in  Grand  county,  Colorado,  under 
Sioux  (Indian)  script.  He  obtained  a  con- 
tract from  the  government  to  survey  one 
complete  township  in  that  section,  and  thus 
was  enabled  to  establish  his  own  lines  for 
the  springs,  which  he  accomplished  in  1867. 
It  was  then  the  home  of  the  Ute  Indians. 
In  1901  Mr.  Byers  published  his  History  of 
Colorado,  replete  with  interesting  details. 

To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Byers  were  born  two 
children :  Frank  S.  Byers,  who  continued  to 
reside  on  the  large  stock  ranch,  near  Hot 
Sulphur  Springs,  and  Mary  Byers,  wife  of 
William  F.  Robinson,  president  of  the  W. 
F.  Robinson  Printing  Company  of  Denver. 


-369— 


JUDGE  GEORGE  GIFFORD  SYMES 


—370— 


JUDGE  GEORGE  GIFFORD  SYMES. 


CYMES,  JUDGE  GEORGE  GIFFORD, 
^  soldier,  statesman  and  jurist,  was  born 
at  Bloomfield,  Ohio,  April  28,  1840,  and  died 
November  3,  1893.  He  was  the  son  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary  (Gifford)  Symes,  his  father 
coming  to  this  country  in  1836.  In  1852, 
the  family  removed  to  Wisconsin,  and  he 
received  his  early  education  in  the  country 
district  schools.  In  1860,  he  entered  the 
law  offices  of  Senator  Angus  Cameron  and 
was  appointed  United  States  district  judge 
of  Montana  by  President  Grant  in  1869. 

Judge  Symes  came  to  Colorado  in  1874, 
and  started  in  the  practice  of  law.  From 
the  first  he  was  most  successful.  At  the 
republican  state  convention  of  1884,  Judge 
Symes  was  nominated  for  representative  in 
congress  and  the  unexpected  large  majority 
received  by  him  was  ample  proof  of  the 
esteem  in  which  he  was  held  by  the  voters. 
He  was  again  renominated  for  congress  in 
1886.  He  believed  in  all  of  the  doctrines  of 
protection,  and  on  account  of  his  natural 
qualities  as  a  thinker  and  student,  he  was 
of  great  practical  influence  in  congress.  He 
was  responsible  for  the  passage  of  a  bill  pro- 
viding for  a  survey  of  the  arid  lands  of  the 
west  and  the  building  of  large  storage  res- 
ervoirs for  the  winter  season's  accumulated 
water. 

Being  a  member  of  the  committee  on  ter- 
ritories, he  earnestly  seconded  the  movement 
resulting  in  the  admission  of  the  two  Da- 
kotas,  Montana  and  Washihngton.  He  re- 
sisted the  admission  of  Utah  until  the  Mor- 
mons should  renounce  polygamy. 

Throughout  his  political  career,  Judge 
Symes  was  a  staunch  and  unswerving  sup- 
porter of  the  principles  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
Ben  Wade,  Joshua  R.  Giddings  and  John  A. 
Brigham.  His  career  in  congress  was  most 
consistent,  and  by  a  steady  devotion  to  the 
interests  of  his  constituents,  he  soon  attained 
the  confidence  and  respect  of  all  classes,  Doth 
in  and  out  of  the  legislative  halls. 

Judge  Symes'  army  record  is  also  most 
brilliant.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  respond 
to  the  call  of  his  country  upon  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  rebellion.  Re  enlisted  as  a 
private,  April  12,  1861,  three  days  before 
the  call  to  arms  had  been  issued  by  the  presi- 
dent. In  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Run,  he 
was  wounded,  in  consequence  of  which  he 
was  discharged  for  disability,  but  upon  his 
recovery  he  organized  a  company  for  tne 
Twenty-fifth  Wisconsin  Infantry,  was  made 
adjutant  and  took  the  field  in  a  two  months' 


campaign  against  the  Sioux  Indians  in  north- 
ern Minnesota.  In  1863,  his  regiment  was 
ordered  to  Columbus,  Kentucky,  and  accom- 
panied General  Grant  in  the  campaign  which 
resulted  in  the  overthrow  of  Vicksburg.  In 
the  battle  of  Atlanta,  under  General  Sher- 
man, he  was  severely  wounded,  and  to  this 
wound,  from  which  he  never  fully  recov- 
ered, is  probably  due  his  death. 

For  gallantry  during  this  campaign  he 
was  commissioned  colonel  of  the  Forty-fourth 
Wisconsin  Infantry.  In  1865,  he  was  ordered 
to  Paducah,  Kentucky,  where  he  commanded 
the  post  until  his  regiment  was  mustered 
out  in  August,  1865.  When  commissioned 
colonel  he  was  the  youngest  colonel  in  the 
United  States  army. 

After  serving  his  honorable  terms  in  con- 
gress, Judge  Symes  devoted  his  time  to  the 
law  and  his  private  business. 

He  was  attorney  for  the  Citizens  Water 
Company  and  had  other  business  connec- 
tions of  a  wide  and  varied  character. 

He  established,  before  his  death,  the 
Symes  Law  Library  in  the  Symes  Block,  an- 
other monument  to  his  memory,  and  one  of 
the  best  known  business  blocks  in  Denver. 
The  library,  which  is  free  to  the  occupants 
of  the  building,  mostly  composed  of  law 
firms,  is  one  of  the  most  complete  libraries 
in  the  state. 

In  his  life  as  a  citizen,  Judge  Symes  was 
a  model  for  the  younger  generation  to  emu- 
late. The  interests  of  Denver  were  his  inter- 
ests, and  the  people's  welfare  and  happiness 
were  also  his,  in  a  like  degree.  In  everything 
of  a  public  or  charitable  nature  he  was 
always  ready  to  support  financially  and  mor- 
ally, and  whatever  cause  he  aided  with  his 
voice,  it  was  well  known  he  stood  ready  and 
willing  to  aid  with  his  purse. 

Judge  Symes  was  married  in  Chicago, 
July  3,  1875,  to  Miss  Sophie  F.  Foster,  daugh- 
ter  of  the  eminent  scientist,  John  Wells  Fos- 
ter, LL.  D.  There  are  three  children,  Kath- 
erine  Foster,  John  Foster,  and  George  Gif- 
ford Symes. 

His  home  life  was  ideal,  and  no  man  was 
a  better  exemplification  of  the  perfect  hus- 
band and  father  than  was  he. 

Large  in  his  ideals  and  conceptions  of  his 
duty  to  life  and  mankind;  an  optimist  in 
every  sense  of  the  word,  and  a  lover  of  his 
fellow  man,  his  was  indeed,  though  passed, 
a  model  life  for  our  youth  to  be  guided  by 
and  a  blessed  memory  to  his  family,  his 
friends  and  the  citizens  of  Colorado. 


—371— 


EDWARD  BROADBENT  MORGAN 


—372— 


EDWARD  BROADBENT  MORGAN. 


\/f  ORGAN,  EDWARD  BROADBENT,  law- 
yer,  born  at  Wethersfield,  Connecticut, 
December  18,  1862,  the  son  of  Samuel  B. 
(1835-1897)  and  Ellen  T.  (Blinn)  Morgan. 
On  the  paternal  side  his  ancestry  is  Welsh. 
The  progenitor  in  America  was  Richard  Rose 
Morgan ;  settled  in  New  London,  Connecticut, 
in  1679.  The  family  was  prominent  in  early 
colonial  and  later  New  England  history,  fur- 
nishing soldiers  and  officers  for  the  American 
army.  On  both  his  parents'  sides,  Mr.  Mor- 
gan is  descended  from  Elder  William  Brew- 
ster,  pastor  of  the  Mayflower,  and  of  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers  who  landed  at  Plymouth 
Rock.  His  father,  Samuel  B.  Morgan  (q.  v.), 
began  life  as  a  cabin  boy  on  a  whaler,  sail- 
ing from  New  Bedford,  and  rose  to  the  posi- 
tion of  commander.  Coming  to  Colorado 
in  1862,  he  was  successively  a  mining  super- 
intendent, a  merchant,  and  a  successful 
dealer  in  real  estate  and  mines,  acquiring 
large  wealth. 

When  Edward  Broadbent  Morgan  was 
less  than  two  years  old,  his  mother  brought 
him  to  Colorado,  crossing  the  plains  in  a 
stage  coach  (1864),  to  join  his  father,  then 
superintendent  of  mining  properties  at  Black 
Hawk.  In  1873,  the  family  moved  to  Den- 
ver. Edward  attended  the  public  schools 
of  the  city,  graduating  from  the  Denver 
High  School  in  1881.  In  1882,  he  entered 
Yale  College,  graduating  with  the  class  of 
'86.  His  summer  vacations  were  spent  in 
European  travel.  He  entered  the  Harvard 
Law  School  in  September,  1888,  taking  a 
two-year  course,  and  at  its  close  making  a 
trip  through  portions  of  British  Columbia 
and  Alaska.  September,  1888,  Mr.  Morgan 
attached  himself  to  the  law  office  of  Teller 
&  Orahood  of  Denver,  and  one  ^ear  later  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  In  1890,  he  be- 
came chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  that  firm, 
and  was  admitted  as  a  partner  in  1892. 
There  his  experience  as  attorney  and  coun- 
sellor was  principally  in  connection  with 
important  litigation  in  matters  of  business, 
estates,  lands,  mining  and  corporation  law. 
In  1898,  the  firm  of  Teller,  Orahood  &  Mor- 


gan was  dissolved,  and  Mr.  Morgan  has  ever 
since  pursued  the  practice  alone,  though  de- 
voting the  larger  part  of  the  time  to  the 
management  of  his  father's  estate. 

Mr.  Morgan  is  a  gentleman  of  education 
and  culture,  with  decided  literary  tenden- 
cies, and  possessed  of  wide  information  on 
universal  affairs.  He  is  particularly  ambi- 
tious and  thorough  in  his  specialty  of  col- 
lecting and  preserving  the  history  and  lit- 
erature of  Colorado.  For  many  years  he  has 
been  president  of  the  Colorado  Historical 
and  Natural  History  Society.  But  this  work 
of  bibliography  is  a  personal  matter  and  a 
self-imposed  task — a  work  for  public  good  at 
his  own  expense.  The  cost  is  that  of  time 
and  labor,  as  well  as  money.  His  collection 
consists  of  books,  pamphlets,  special  publica- 
tions and  objects  connected  with  the  early 
history  and  current  events  of  Colorado.  The 
works  of  Colorado  journalists  and  writers 
form  a  conspicuous  part.  His  collection 
comprises  not  less  than  six  hundred  bound 
volumes  of  historical  and  descriptive  works 
and  several  thousand  pamphlets,  papers  and 
other  publications,  combined,  relating  to  the 
history  and  bibliography  of  Colorado.  But 
comparatively  few  of  these  books  and  papers 
could  be  duplicated,  while  many  are  quite 
rare  and  of  no  small  value.  This  collection 
is  consigned  by  Mr.  Morgan  to  the  care  and 
keeping  of  the  Colorado  Historical  and  Nat- 
ural History  Society,  in  their  rooms  at  the 
State  Capitol  building.  Mr.  Morgan  is  a 
member  of  the  University  Club  of  New  York, 
the  University  Club  of  Denver,  the  Denver 
Athletic  Club  and  the  Overland  Park  Club. 

Mr.  Morgan  married  Grace  Firth  Welles 
of  Denver,  April  12, 1909.  He  is  in  the  prime 
of  life  at  the  age  of  forty-nine,  and  is  well 
known  and  much  esteemed  in  Colorado, 
while  he  has  a  large  business  and  profes- 
sional acquaintance  in  many  parts  of  the 
United  States.  He  is  a  man  of  good  influ- 
ence among  the  members  of  the  bar,  pop- 
ular in  social  circles,  and  has  the  confidence 
and  friendship  of  all  classes  of  the  people. 


—373- 


EDWIN  STEBBINS  KASSLER 


-374- 


EDWIN  STEBBINS  KASSLER. 


T^ASSLER,  EDWIN  STEBBINS,  real 
•^^  estate,  investments  and  securities,  born 
in  Denver,  Colorado,  October  29, 1866,  the  son 
of  George  W.  Kassler  (q.v.)  (banker)  (1836- 
1890).  George  W.  Kassler  was  born  in  Cana- 
joharie,  New  York,  September  12,  1836. 
Having  acquired  his  business  and  financial 
training  under  such  eminent  men  as  L.  R. 
Tuttle  and  A.  U.  Wyman,  both  of  whom  be- 
came the  respective  treasurers  of  the  United 
States,  George  W.  Kassler  came  from  Omaha 
to  Denver  in  1860,  took  part  as  a  pioneer 
in  business  and  public  affairs  and  became 
one  of  the  leading  builders  of  the  early  Den- 
ver, subsequently  one  of  its  most  substantial 
citizens  and  business  men,  leaving  the  legacy 
of  an  honorable  name  and  a  degree  of  com- 
fortable wealth  to  his  family.  His  mother 
was  Maria  T.  Stebbins,  daughter  of  Edwin  J. 
Stebbins  and  Julia  A.  Cory. 

Edwin  Stebbins  Kassler  of  Denver  is  a 
genuine  product  of  Colorado  and  one  of  its 
most  enterprising  citizens,  known  among  the 
vigorous  young  element  of  the  state  as  a 
progressive,  public-spirited  citizen.  He  grad- 
uated from  the  East  Denver  High  School  in 
1886.  In  the  same  year,  he  took  a  position  as 
clerk  in  the  First  National  Bank  of  Denver. 
That  position  he  held  with  creditable  ability 
for  a  number  of  years  and,  in  later  times,  has 
been  known  as  one  of  Denver's  most  careful, 
thorough  and  conscientious  business  men  and 
financiers.  Pursuing  his  business  as  an  in- 
vestment agent  and  dealer  in  real  estate  and 
securities,  he  has  been  and  continues  to  be 
a  potent  agency  in  attracting  capital  and 
people  for  the  upbuilding  of  Denver  and  pro- 
motion of  the  industries  of  the  state.  He 
attends  to  the  business  of  his  personal  hold- 
ings, is  well  informed  and  reliable  as  an  in- 


vestment agent  and  handles  the  class  of  se- 
curities only  which  have  the  substantial 
backing  of  well  established  industries,  or 
those  of  financial  interests  which  are  ap- 
proved by  the  banks  of  the  nation.  Thus, 
pursuing  his  business  course  in  Denver,  Mr. 
Kassler  has  aligned  himself  with  some  of  the 
most  important  industries  and  utilities  of 
Colorado.  He  is  a  director  in  the  United 
States  National  Bank,  director  of  the  Den- 
ver Union  Water  Company  and  the  Mountain 
States  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company. 
Mr.  Kassler  has  served  as  a  member  of  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Charity  Organiza- 
tion Society  since  1907.  This  board  directs 
largely  the  work  of  the  Associated  Charities 
of  Denver.  He  was  also  a  director  of  the 
Denver  Real  Estate  Exchange  for  a  num- 
ber of  years,  prior  to  1906.  It  can  be  truly 
said  of  him  that  he  is  following  in  the  foot- 
steps of  his  revered  father  in  laying  the 
foundations  and  promoting  the  details  of  de- 
velopment of  the  still  greater  and  more 
beautiful  Denver.  Mr.  Kassler  is  decidedly 
a  business  man  and,  as  a  relaxation  from 
his  arduous  pursuit  of  material  interests,  he 
gives  natural  vent  to  his  sociable  disposition 
as  a  member  of  the  Denver  Country  Club, 
the  Denver  Athletic  Club  and  the  Denver 
Club,  while,  as  a  business  matter,  he  is  a 
member  of  the  Colorado  Traffic  Club.  Per- 
sonally, Mr.  Kassler  is  a  gentleman  of  admir- 
able characteristics,  much  beliked  in  social 
circles,  while  he  has  the  confidence  and 
friendship  of  the  entire  business  community. 
Edwin  Stebbins  Kassler  married  Olivia 
Denham  Cooper,  the  estimable  daughter  of 
the  late  Governor  Job  A.  Cooper,  in  Denver, 
September  6,  1892.  Their  children  are :  Ruth, 
born  July  20,  1893 ;  Edwin  S.,  Jr.,  September 
12,  1895,  and  Genevieve,  March  22,  1905. 


—375— 


WILLIAM  MELVILLE  SPRINGER 


—376— 


WILLIAM  MELVILLE  SPRINGER. 


OPRINGER,  A\7ILLIAM  MELVILLE,  im- 
*"^  porter  of  horses,  son  of  Isaac  and  Char- 
lotte (I  jams,  horn  in  Zanesville,  Ohio) 
Springer,  was  horn  in  Winona,  Marshall 
county,  Illinois,  Fehruary  26,  1849.  Through 
the  maternal  line,  he  is  descended  from  Jus- 
tice Duval  of  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court.  The  paternal  branch  of  the  family 
extends  to  the  early  history  of  the  colonies, 
and  then  still  further  back  to  some  of  the 
royal  families  of  Europe.  At  the  time  of  the 
settlement  of  the  colonies,  there  were  two 
members  of  the  family,  Charles  Christopher 
Springer  (1658-1738)  and  his  half  brother, 
Lorentz  (Lawrence)  (1646-1741)  of  historic 
interest.  Carl  Christopher  Springer,  the 
American  ancestor,  erected  the  old  Swedes 
Church,  "Wilmington,  Delaware,  in  1698, 
which  is  (1911)  still  standing.  In  the  royal 
line  the  family  tree  extends  to  Charlemange, 
in  742,  and  Pharamond,  420  A.  D.  Other 
lines  run  back  to  the  Czar  and  Grand  Duch- 
ess of  Rusia,  Otho  the  Illustrious,  Henry  the 
Fowler,  and  Alfred  the  Great.  The  Spring- 
ers date  the  family  name  from  Louis  Second, 
The  Springer,  Germany,  in  the  year  1089 
and  connected  therewith,  is  an  historical 
story,  interesting  as  romance  itself.  This 
Louis  was  in  the  service  of  Emperor  Henry 
IV,  as  an  officer  in  the  military.  He  was  im- 
prisoned in  the  old  Castle  of  Giebickenstein, 
near  Hale,  his  place  of  confinement  being 
100  feet  above  the  Saale  river.  No  serious 
crime  was  charged  against  him,  the  arrest 
having  been  caused  through  the  popularity 
of  Louis  himself.  After  an  imprisonment  of 
two  years,  and  no  attempt  to  bring  him  to 
trial,  as  the  offense  charged  was  trivial,  he 
obtained  his  freedom  by  leaping  from  the 
castle.  He  was  pardoned  for  his  courage 
when  taken  before  the  emperor,  who  gave 
him  the  name  ' '  Springer, ' '  owing  to  his  won- 
derful "spring"  from  the  castle.  Count 
Springer,  grandson  of  Louis  II,  The  Springer, 
was  given  Waldenburg,  in  Silesia,  and 
Knighted  in  1092  when  only  one  year  of  age. 
The  Springer  coat  of  arms  is  one  of  the  old- 
est in  Europe. 

William  M.  Springer,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  educated  at  Hedding  College, 
Abingdon,  Illinois.  In  1874,  he  was  deputy 


recorder  in  Chicago  under  James  Stuart. 
Returning  to  his  old  home  in  Marshall  coun- 
ty, he  there  introduced  the  shorthorn  breed 
of  cattle.  Removing  to  Oskaloosa,  Iowa,  in 
1881,  he  continued  in  the  stock  business,  be- 
coming an  importer  of  Belgian  and  Olden- 
borg  stock  and  Percheron  stallions  from 
Europe.  Mr.  Springer  was  soon  known  as 
one  of  the  most  prominent  stockmen  in  the 
United  States.  He  made  his  first  trip  to 
Europe  in  1882,  and  since  then  he  has 
crossed  the  Atlantic  sixty-two  times.  Com- 
ing to  Denver,  in  1899,  the  firm  of  Springer 
&  Stubbs  was  formed,  and  for  a  number  of 
years  continued  to  deal  in  blooded  stock, 
but  he  has  since  retired  from  the  more  active 
work,  though  he  still  retains  an  interest  in 
the  business. 

His  travels  have  taken  him  through  all 
parts  of  Europe,  where  he  is  known  as  a 
prominent  stockman,  as  well  as  in  this  coun- 
try. He  has  visited  England,  Ireland,  Scot- 
land, Wales,  France,  Belgium,  Holland, 
Germany,  Poland,  Russia,  including  St. 
Petersburg  and  Moscow,  Finland,  Sweden, 
Norway,  Denmark,  and  was  in  Russia  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  latter  with  Japan.  For 
many  years  he  was  the  president  of  the  Na- 
tional Association  of  Importers  and  Breed- 
ers of  fine  draft  horses.  In  1885,  he  was 
appointed  by  the  governor  of  Iowa  commis- 
sioner to  France  when  it  was  reported  that 
the  latter  country  would  place  an  embargo 
on  the  exportation  of  horses,  owing  to  the 
probability  of  war  with  Germany.  Mr. 
Springer  was  appointed  by  Germany  as  cus- 
todian of  the  Oldenborg  records  at  the 
"World's  Fair,  Chicago,  and  for  the  St.  Louis 
Exposition  he  was  special  commissioner  to 
Europe  to  secure  a  fine  exhibit  of  horses 
from  abroad. 

He  married  first  in  Chicago,  Illinois,  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1879,  Miss  Mary  Reece,  who  died 
in  1890 ;  second,  Miss  Emma  Hauck,  in  Den- 
ver, Colorado,  December  22,  1910.  He  has 
three  children  living:  Fred.  R.,  now  ranch- 
ing in  California,  and  two  daughters,  Flor- 
ence M.  and  Pauline  C. 

Mr.  Springer  is  a  member  of  the  Gentle- 
man's Riding  and  Driving  Club,  Denver,  and 
the  Stockman's  Club. 


—377- 


PAUL  B.  GAYLORD 


—378— 


PAUL  B.  GAYLORD. 


/"^AYLORD,  PAUL  B.,  insurance,  son  of 
^-*  Edward  H.  and  Sarah  Rich  Gaylord, 
was  born  in  Independence,  Iowa,  June  14, 
1858.  His  family  was  identified  in  the  early 
days  both  in  the  east  and  the  west  with  the 
history  and  development  of  the  country. 
His  father  was  one  of  the  leading  stock  and 
horsemen  of  Colorado.  Young  Gaylord  at- 
tended the  public  schools  of  his  native  town. 
He  was  afforded  plenty  of  outdoor  exercise 
and  recreation  in  his  boyhood,  owing  to  the 
extensive  stock  business  of  his  father,  for 
Paul  was  always  fond  of  a  good  horse.  In 
the  midst  of  this  open  air  environment,  he 
grew  up  a  strong  and  sturdy  lad.  At  the 
age  of  eighteen,  he  entered  the  employ  of 
the  railway  mail  service,  and  for  a  time, 
ably  and  efficiently  was  thus  engaged  in  the 
service  of  the  government.  From  1876  until 
1880,  he  made  his  home  in  Kansas,  but  in 
the  latter  year,  removed  to  Colorado. 

Soon  after  his  arrival  in  Denver,  Mr. 
Gaylord  engaged  in  the  insurance  business, 
and  during  his  long  career  in  this  line  of  ac- 
tivity, has  brought  to  himself  a  large  and 
influential  clientele.  He  has  only  repre- 
sented first-class  insurance  interests,  and 
thus  was  given  the  business  of  the  best  com- 
mercial and  professional  men  in  the  Rocky 
Mountain  region. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  Continental 


Trust  Company,  Mr.  Gaylord  was  elected 
vice-president,  a  position  which  he  still 
holds,  and  was  also  made  the  manager  of  the 
insurance  department  of  this  large  and  in- 
fluential company.  His  long  and  successful 
business  career  in  Denver,  characterized  by 
fair  and  upright  dealing,  together  with  his 
fitness  for  the  position,  has  made  his  name 
one  of  the  strong  and  potent  influences  back 
of  the  Continental  Trust  Company.  His 
brother,  Hal  Gaylord,  for  several  years  iden- 
tified with  the  Denver  newspapers,  and  es- 
pecially with  the  Denver  Tribune  during  the 
old  Gene  Field  days,  has  for  a  number  of 
years  been  at  the  head  of  the  Kansas  City 
Journal.  The  two  brothers  have,  from  earli- 
est childhood,  been  devotedly  attached  to 
each  other,  and  both  made  high  marks  in 
the  history  of  the  west  in  two  of  its  most 
progressive  cities. 

Mr.  Gaylord  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Club,  Denver  Athletic  Club,  Denver  Country 
Club,  and  also  the  following  societies  and 
organizations :  Masons,  Knights  Templar  and 
Shriners;  Sons  of  Colorado  and  Colorado 
Pioneers. 

He  married  in  Denver,  October  30,  1889, 
Miss  Kate  Gordon,  daughter  of  Colonel  J. 
F.  Seymour.  They  have  two  children,  Paul 
Lindley  and  Ellen  Seymour. 


—379— 


JOHN  ST.  JOHN  IRBY 


—380— 


JOHN  ST.  JOHN  IRBY. 


T.RBY,  JOHN  ST.  JOHN,  journalism,  Colo- 

rado  state  senator,  son  of  Meade  Adams 
and  Amanda  Tanner  (James)  Irby,  was  born 
August  9,  1868,  at  Vernon  Hill,  Halifax 
county,  Virginia.  Mr.  Irby  is  descended 
from  a  family,  distinguished  in  the  history 
of  his  native  state,  from  the  colonial  period 
to  the  present  time.  Some  of  his  forbears 
have  become  prominent  in  other  states,  in 
both  public  and  private  life.  His  American 
progenitor  in  the  paternal  line,  was  Dr.  Wil- 
liam Irby  of  Charles  City  county,  Virginia. 
His  mother,  Amanda  Tanner,  daughter  of 
Colonel  Robert  and  Polly  (Tanner)  James, 
is  also  related  to  illustrious  Virginia  families. 
His  father,  Meade  Adams  Irby,  was  a  planter, 
and  a  prominent  citizen  of  the  state,  serving 
in  the  civil  war,  retiring  with  rank  of  cap- 
tain. 

John  St.  John  Irby,  their  son,  spent  his 
early  life  on  his  father's  plantation,  and  was 
educated  at  Lexington  (North  Carolina) 
Academy,  and  Richmond  (Virginia)  College, 
later  taking  a  special  course  in  law.  In 
1887,  when  but  nineteen  years  of  age,  he 
began  his  first  newspaper  work,  as  a  reporter 
on  the  Richmond  (Virginia)  Times,  and  here 
established  an  enviable  reputation  as  a  news 
gatherer  and  as  a  writer,  rising  through  the 
various  stages  to  the  managing  editorship  of 
this  paper.  On  May  1,  1899,  he  came  to  Den- 
ver on  account  of  ill  health  and  resumed  his 
work  in  the  field  of  journalism.  For  a  time, 
he  was  a  reporter  on  the  Denver  Post,  then 
became  telegraph  editor  of  the  Denver  Times, 
his  record  on  both  papers  being  noted  for 
efficiency  and  alertness.  A  wider  and  broader 
field  of  work  lay  before  him  in  a  higher  posi- 
tion, when  he  became  president  of  the  Cripple 
Creek  Times,  in  1903.  Mr.  Irby  successfully 
filled  the  several  important  editorial  posi- 
tions connected  with  general  newspaper  work 
and  with  the  Cripple  Creek  Times  he  was 
also  prominently  connected  with  the  business 
department.  There  is  not  an  important 
phase  of  newspaper  life,  with  which  he  is 
not  familiar. 

Mr.  Irby  is  a  staunch  democrat,  and  an 
ardent  supporter  of  its  principles.  Both  in 
temperament  and  ability,  he  is  well  equipped 
for  the  political  field.  A  gifted  and  grace- 
ful speaker,  a  pleasing  and  affable  manner, 
and  forcible  writer,  are  the  attributes  with 
which  nature  and  education  have  fitted  him 
for  public  life. 

Since  1904,  he  has  been  the  secretary  of 
Mayor  Speer,  a  position  he  has  filled  with 
marked  ability.  Method,  executive  ability, 


ready  discernment,  alertness  to  perceive  and 
decide,  are  all  elements  essential  to  fill  this 
office  in  the  able  and  satisfactory  manner 
with  which  Mr.  Irby  has  occupied  this  try- 
ing position. 

During  his  several  years  of  service  as 
secretary  to  the  mayor,  in  which  he  had  the 
friendship  and  esteem  of  the  leaders  of  his 
own  party,  he  has  become  popular  with 
many  of  opposite  political  faith.  He  was 
nominated  for  the  state  senate  in  1908,  and 
elected  by  a  large  majority,  leading  his 
ticket,  for  the  four  years'  term. 

During  the  regular  sessions  of  1909  and 
1911,  and  the  special  session  of  1910,  he  was 
one  of  the  democratic  leaders  of  that  body. 
His  staunch  democracy,  honesty  of  purpose, 
and  forensic  ability  and  eloquence,  made 
Senator  Irby  a  prominent  figure  in  the  delib- 
erations of  that  body,  and  especially  during 
the  discussion  of  the  more  important  and 
intricate  questions.  Senator  Irby  was  a 
member  of  the  more  prominent  committees. 

During  the  regular  session  of  1911,  he 
was  a  recognized  leader  of  those  democrats 
who  favored  the  election  of  Mayor  Robert 
W.  Speer  to  the  United  States  Senate,  to 
succeed  the  late  Charles  J.  Hughes,  Jr. 
Although  there  was  no  election,  yet  that  fact 
did  not  detract  from  the  honorable  and 
heroic  fight  he  made  in  the  legislature  for  the 
election  of  Mayor  Speer.  The  ability  with 
which  he  has  served  as  state  senator,  has 
already  caused  his  name  to  be  mentioned  in 
the  lists  of  those  upon  whom  greater  political 
honors  may  be  bestowed. 

Senator  Irby  is  a  member  of  the  Denver 
Press  Club,  of  which  he  was  president  for  one 
year.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the  Southern 
Society  and  the  Democratic  Club.  During 
his  public  career,  Senator  Irby  has  often 
been  called  upon  to  deliver  addresses  before 
large  conventions  and  public  gatherings. 
His  eloquent  speeches  filled  with  rich  humor 
have  made  him  one  of  the  popular  orators  of 
the  state. 

Senator  Irby  married  in  Denver,  October 
12,  1902,  Miss  Harriet,  daughter  of  Judge 
C.  T.  Ryland  of  San  Jose,  California,  and 
grand-daughter  of  Governor  Peter  H.  Bur- 
nett of  San  Francisco,  California,  both  '49ers 
in  California  and  leaders  in  the  official  life 
of  the  state.  On  her  paternal  side,  Mrs.  Irby 
is  the  grand-daughter  of  Judge  John  Fer- 
guson Ryland,  who  for  seventeen  years  was 
a  member  of  the  supreme  bench  of  Missouri. 
Senator  and  Mrs.  Irby  are  both  prominent  in 
the  social  life  of  Denver. 


—381— 


JAMES  HERBERT    BLOOD 


—382— 


JAMES  HERBERT  BLOOD. 


"Q  LOOD,  JAMES  HERBERT,  lawyer,  born 
*-*  November  6,  1857,  in  Great  Falls,  New 
Hampshire,  is  the  son  of  James  Monroe 
(born  November  7,  1829,  died  July  25,  1878) 
and  Eliza  K.  (Evans)  Blood.  His  father 
was  a  cotton  miller,  but,  owing  to  the  depres- 
sion in  that  trade  during  the  war,  he  en- 
gaged in  the  jewelry  business,  for  a  time,  in 
Philadelphia.  His  mother  was  a  daughter 
of  Daniel  and  Susan  Bean  Evans  of  Maine, 
her  father,  Daniel,  being  a  cousin  of  Gov- 
ernor John  Evans  (q.  v.)  of  Colorado.  The 
colonial  ancestor  of  the  family  was  James 
Blood  of  Cheshire,  England,  who  came,  about 
1638,  and  settled  in  Concord,  Massachusetts. 

James  H.  Blood  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Philadelphia  and  Denver,  and  the 
University  of  Michigan,  graduating  from  the 
latter  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  in  1879.  He 
is  a  member  of  the  Phi  Delta  Phi. 

Mr.  Blood  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
his  profession  in  Denver  in  1879,  and  in 
1880,  with  his  school-mate  and  class-mate, 
G.  C.  Bartels  (q.  v.),  under  the  firm  name  of 
Bartels  &  Blood.  Later  Frank  N.  Bancroft 
was  added  to  the  firm,  the  name  now  being 
Bartels.  Blood  &  Bancroft.  It  is  one  of  the 
old  and  well  established  legal  firms  of  Den- 


ver. For  twenty-five  years  they  have  repre- 
sented the  Colorado  National  Bank  and  af- 
filiated interests;  and,  for  fifteen  years,  the 
Northern  Coal  and  Coke  Company. 

Mr.  Blood  came  to  Denver  in  1873,  and 
his  former  places  of  residence  were  Great 
Falls,  New  Hampshire ;  Boston,  Massachu- 
setts, and  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania.  In 
the  Masonic  fraternity,  he  is  a  Shriner, 
Knight  Templar,  Scottish  Rite  and  Thirty- 
second  Degree.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Den- 
ver Club,  University  Club,  Denver  Country 
Club,  Colorado  Traffic  Club,  of  Denver,  and 
the  Denver  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

He  married  Miss  Lina  E.  Bartels  of  Den- 
ver, September  20,  1883.  She  was  the  daugh- 
ter of  Louis  F.  Bartels  (born  January  10, 
1826,  near  Goettingen,  Germany,  and  died, 
Denver,  August  27,  1874),  who  came  to  Colo- 
rado in  1861. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Blood  have  the  following 
children :  Herbert  T.  Blood,  A.  B.,  Leland 
Stanford,  Jr.,  University,  and  now  with  the 
Colorado  National  Bank;  Walter  W.  Blood, 
LL.  B.,  also  of  Stanford ;  Miss  Alma  Louise 
Blood,  A.  B.,  Vassar;  and  Miss  Caroline 
Helen  Blood,  graduate  of  the  Miss  Wolcott 
School,  Denver. 


—383— 


FRANCIS  CRISSEY  YOUNG 


—384- 


FRANCIS  CRISSEY  YOUNG. 


FRANCIS  CRISSEY,  bond 
dealer,  born  January  28,  1844,  in  New 
York  City,  was  the  son  of  James  (1813-1895, 
manufacturer,  New  York  City)  and  Adaline 
daughter  of  Jesse  and  Abia  (Swift)  Cris- 
sey]  Young.  His  ancestors  were  distin- 
guished leaders  in  the  early  period  of  New 
England  history.  He  is  descended  from 
Thomas  MayheAv,  Colonial  Governor  and 
"proprietor"  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  Nan- 
tucket  and  the  Elizabeth  Isles,  from  South- 
ampton, England,  to  Watertown,  Massachu- 
setts, in  1631 ;  thence  to  the  Islands,  which 
were  afterward  consolidated  with  the  Colony 
of  Massachusetts,  and  for  thirty-three  years 
was  engaged  in  missionary  work  with  these 
Island  Indians. 

Another  ancestor  was  William  Swift, 
who  came  with  "the  great  Boston  immigra- 
tion" of  1631,  to  Watertown,  from  Booking, 
Essex,  England,  and  in  1637  to  Cape  Cod, 
where  he,  with  others,  founded  the  town  of 
Sandwich,  from  which  he  was  Deputy  to  the 
General  Court  for  many  years. 

His  great-grandfather,  Surgeon  Isaac 
Swift  (1753-1802)  of  Cornwall,  Connecticut, 
was  one  of  the  patriots  of  the  American 
Revolution.  He  was  surgeon's  mate  on  the 
staff  of  Colonel  Charles  Webb,  Seventh  Con- 
necticut Regiment,  raised  in  1775;  ordered 
to  Boston  Camps,  September  14,  and  as- 
signed to  General  Sullivan's  Brigade,  on 
Winter  Hill,  and  remained  until  December, 
1775 ;  regiment  organized  under  Colonel 
Webb  for  service  in  1776 ;  surgeon  in  Colo- 
nel Heman  Swift's  Seventh  Regiment,  Con- 
necticut line.  Resigned  May  1,  1778.  This 
regiment  went  into  field,  1777,  in  New  York, 
and  in  September  was  ordered  to  join  Wash- 
ington's army  in  Pennsylvania,  where  it 
fought  at  Germantown  in  1777,  and  wintered 
at  Valley  Forge,  1777-1778. 

Francis  (more  commonly  known  in  Colo- 
rado as  "Frank")  C.  Young  was  educated 
in  the  public  schools  of  New  York  City,  and 
served  an  apprenticeship  of  five  years  in 
John  F.  Trow's  printing  office  in  that  city. 
Then  for  more  than  a  year  he  was  in  the 
employ  of  the  Adams  Express  Company, 


until  1865.  In  the  spring  of  that  year  he 
started  from  New  York  with  a  party  of  six 
young  men,  crossing  the  plains  afoot  with 
a  wagon  train  from  Atchison,  Kansas.  He 
was  employed  for  a  time  by  the  Downieville 
Mining  Company,  at  Mill  City,  now  Dumont, 
Colorado,  and  became  interested  in  the  orig- 
inal and  active  gold  district,  the  Gregory 
Diggings  of  the  Territory.  He  then  became 
associated  with  0.  J.  Hollister  and  Frank 
Hall  in  the  "Black  Hawk  Journal,"  then 
the  leading  paper  in  Colorado. 

In  June,  1866,  he  was  appointed  teller 
and  general  accountant  of  the  bank  of  War- 
ren Hussey  &  Company,  at  Central  City. 
When  this  bank  was  succeeded  by  (J.  A.) 
Thatcher,  Standley  and  Company,  Mr. 
Young  was  retained  as  cashier  by  the  new 
firm,  and  still  later  in  the  same  position 
(1874),  when  it  was  merged  into  the  First 
National  Bank  of  Central  City.  Resigning 
as  cashier  in  1880,  he  came  to  Denver,  and 
for  many  years  was  associated  with  Edward 
W.  Rollins,  under  the  firm  name  of  Rollins 
&  Young,  dealers  in  bonds  and  securities. 
Mr.  Young  now  holds  joint  interests  with 
him  in  the  Denver  Hotel  &  Theatre  Com- 
pany, owner  of  the  Metropole  Hotel  and 
Broadway  Theatre.  His  regular  personal 
business  is  that  of  dealer  in  bonds  and  secur- 
ities, and  is  interested  in  a  number  of  invest- 
ments. 

Mr.  Young  is  the  author  of  the  following 
publications:  "Echoes  from  Arcadia — the 
Story  of  Central  City,"  (1903)  ;  "Across  the 
Plains  in  '65,"  (1905);  "Fifty  Years  of 
Gilpin  County,"  etc.  The  first  two  are  in 
the  various  public  town  libraries  in  the 
state. 

Mr.  Young  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of 
the  Revolution,  a  member  and  former  gov- 
ernor of  the  Colorado  Society  of  the  Colo- 
nial Wars,  and  of  the  State  Historical  So- 
ciety. 

He  married,  in  1873,  at  Beloit,  AVisconsin, 
Miss  Carrie  E.,  daughter  of  Chauncey  F. 
and  Elizabeth  (Stoddard)  Sims.  They  have 
two  daughters,  Eleanor  Frances  and  Eliza- 
beth Stoddard. 


—385— 


ROBERT  JAMES  PITKIN 


—386— 


ROBERT  JAMES  PITKIN. 


PITKIN,  ROBERT  JAMES,  lawyer,  born 
*•  May  30,  1864,  is  the  son  of  Frederick 
W.  (q.  v.)  and  Fidelia  M.  (James)  Pitkin. 
His  father  was  governor  of  Colorado  from 
1878  to  1882,  and  was  descended  from  a  New 
England  colonial  family,  including  a  gov- 
ernor and  prominent  statesman,  identified 
with  the  early  history  of  that  period. 

Robert  J.  Pitkin  was  graduated  from  the 
East  Denver  High  School  in  1881.  He  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  Yale  in  1885  ; 
that  of  LL.  B.  from  the  Yale  Law  School  in 
1888.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Psi  Upsilon 
and  the  Scroll  and  Key  (Yale). 

Mr.  Pitkin  entered  upon  the  practice  of 
of  the  law  in  Denver  in  1888,  forming  a  part- 
nership with  Mr.  Earl  M.  Cranston,  and  the 
firm  was  increased  by  the  addition  of  Mr. 
William  A.  Moore,  in  1893.  Mr.  Pitkin  has 


made  a  most  worthy  record,  stands  high  in 
his  profession,  and  his  firm  is  recognized  as 
one  of  the  strongest  in  the  west.  In  addition 
to  his  practice,  he  is  also  an  instructor  in 
the  Law  School  of  the  University  of  Denver. 

Mr.  Pitkin  is  a  member  of  the  University 
Club,  Denver;  also  a  member  of  the  Colorado 
Bar  Association,  and  the  Denver  Bar  Asso- 
ciation. 

He  married,  June  20,  1895,  Miss  Amy 
Moore,  the  daughter  of  Bishop  David  H. 
Moore,  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church. 
Her  father  was  formerly  the  chancellor  of 
the  University  of  Denver,  and  chosen  a 
Blaine  elector  from  Colorado. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Pitkin  have  three  children, 
Amy,  born  July  20,  1897;  Julia,  born  May 
12,  1899 ;  and  Marion,  born  September  2, 
1906. 


—387— 


PATRICK  VINCENT  CARLIN,  M.D. 


—388— 


PATRICK  VINCENT  CARLIN,  M.  D. 


PATRICK  VINCENT,  M.  D., 
born  in  Ireland,  May  8,  1854,  is  the  son 
of  Thomas  and  Mary  (O'Neill)  Carlin. 
When  about  a  year  old,  he  came  to  this  coun- 
try with  his  parents,  in  March,  1855,  who 
settled  in  Caledonia,  Livingston  county,  New 
York.  His  father  there  engaged  in  farming, 
until  accidentally  killed  in  1867.  His  mother 
brought  up  her  family  on  the  farm,  but  later 
came  to  Colorado  to  reside  with  her  son,  the 
subject  of  this  sketch.  She  had  two  other 
sons,  John  and  James,  who  engaged  in  farm- 
ing and  mining,  the  former  in  California. 
A  younger  son,  T.  H.  Carlin,  became  a  physi- 
cian in  Denver,  and  an  only  daughter,  Mary 
A.,  was  for  several  years,  a  teacher  in  the 
public  schools  of  this  city. 

Dr.  P.  V.  Carlin  attended  the  public 
schools  in  Caledonia,  New  York,  and  later, 
by  teaching,  earned  money  with  which  to 
enter  the  State  Normal  School  at  Geneseo, 
that  state.  Beginning  the  study  of  medicine 
in  1878,  under  Professor  E.  M.  Moore,  in 
Rochester,  New  York,  he  entered,  a  year 
later,  the  medical  department  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  the  City  of  New  York.  After  a  course 
of  lectures  there,  he  came  to  Colorado,  lo- 
cating at  Denver,  in  1881.  Entering  the  med- 
ical department  of  the  University  of  Denver, 
he  was  one  of  five  of  the  first  graduating 
class,  and  is  now  the  oldest  physician  in 
Denver  who  is  a  graduate  of  a  medical  col- 
lege located  in  that  city.  In  1907,  the  Uni- 
versity of  Denver  conferred  upon  him  an 
honorary  A.  B.  After  his  graduation  in 


1882,  he  was  appointed  resident  physician  at 
the  county  hospital,  Denver,  but  resigning 
at  the  end  of  three  months,  he  formed  a  part- 
nership with  Dr.  Charles  Denison,  continuing 
for  two  years.  He  then  opened  an  office  for 
himself. 

For  two  years  he  was  demonstrator  of 
anatomy  in  the  medical  department  of  the 
University  of  Denver,  after  which,  adjunct 
lecturer  of  anatomy  and  lecturer  of  obstet- 
rics in  that  institution.  He  was  formerly 
consulting  physician  for  the  Union  Pacific, 
Denver  and  Gulf,  and  Leadville  and  Gunni- 
son  railroads.  He  is  now  consulting  surgeon 
of  the  Colorado  and  Southern  Railroad,  and 
a  member  of  the  staff  of  St.  Joseph's  Hos- 
pital. 

Dr.  Carlin  is  a  member  of  the  American 
Medical  Association,  Colorado  State  Medical 
Society,  the  city  and  county  medical  societies 
and  the  Denver  Athletic  Club. 

Dr.  Carlin  has  not  only  attained  a  most 
worthy  position  in  the  practice  of  his  pro- 
fession, but  has  been  also  especially  identi- 
fied with  the  educational  interests  of  Den- 
ver. Since  1904,  he  has  been  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education,  and  has  recently 
been  elected  for  a  third  term,  and  to  him  is 
due  much  of  the  credit  for  efficiency  and 
high  standing  of  the  Denver  public  school 
system. 

Dr.  Carlin  married  at  Geneseo,  New 
York,  in  1885,  Miss  B.  A.,  daughter  of  T. 
Delehanty,  of  that  city.  They  have  one 
child,  Vincent,  eight  years  of  age. 


-389- 


FRANCIS  WILLIAM  LOVELAND 


—390- 


FRANCIS  WILLIAM  LOVELAND. 


T  OVELAND,  FRANCIS  WILLIAM,  law- 
•*-'  yer,  capitalist,  son  of  AVilliam  Austin 
Hamilton  (q.  v.)  and  Miranda  Ann  (Mont- 
gomery) Loveland,  was  born  at  Brighton, 
Illinois,  July  24,  1859.  His  ancestors  were 
among  the  early  settlers  of  New  England, 
and  representative  of  prominent  families  in 
the  colonies.  His  American  progenitor  was 
Thomas  Loveland,  who  came  from  Norwich, 
England,  and  settled  in  Boston,  about  1630. 
Through  this  line,  the  descent  is  from 
Thomas  Loveland,  the  original  settler, 
through  Robert,  Lot,  Joel,  Timothy,  Leonard, 
and  "William  Austin  Hamilton  Loveland,  to 
Francis  William  Loveland,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch. 

Francis  W.  Loveland  came  with  his  par- 
ents to  Colorado  in  1860,  and  received  his 
primary  and  early  education  in  the  public 
schools  at  Golden.  Later,  he  entered  the 
University  of  Michigan,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  in  1880,  with  the  degree  of  B.  A. 
He  then  studied  law  at  the  University  of 
Denver,  graduated  from  there  with  the  de- 
gree of  B.  L.,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1894.  For  several  years,  he  was  associated 
with  his  distinguished  father,  in  some  of 
the  large  and  extensive  business  enterprises 
and  operations,  in  which  the  former  was  en- 
gaged. For  several  years  he  was  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  News 
Printing  Company,  which  published  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Daily  News.  Mr.  Loveland 
was  also  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Den- 
ver Circle  Railroad  for  six  years;  also  filled 
the  same  positions  for  the  Denver  Circle  Real 


Estate  Company  for  six  years.  During  the 
financial  difficulties  of  the  Grand  River 
Ditch  Company  at  Grand  Junction,  Colorado, 
he  was  the  receiver  for  the  company,  for 
about  two  years.  He  was  secretary  of  the 
Handy  Ditch  Company,  Berthoud,  Colorado, 
for  ten  years,  and  for  fifteen  years  was  a 
director  and  treasurer  of  the  Denver,  Lake- 
wood  and  Golden  Railway  Company,  also 
serving  as  chairman  of  the  reorganization 
committee.  From  1893  to  the  present,  he  has 
been  the  general  manager,  secretary  and 
treasurer  of  the  Louisville  Coal  Mining  Com- 
pany, which,  at  an  early  date,  controlled 
about  one-third  of  the  lignite  coal  of  Colo- 
rado. 

Quiet  and  unassuming,  yet  Mr.  Loveland 
is  recognized  as  one  of  the  prominent  finan- 
ciers of  the  state,  and  has  the  management 
and  control  of  large  real  estate  and  business 
interests.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Colorado 
Bar  Association,  also  the  University  Club 
and  the  Denver  Country  Club. 

Mr.  Loveland  married,  at  Denver,  Decem- 
ber 19,  1883,  Miss  Adele,  daughter  of  Morti- 
mer W.  and  Sarah  B.  Beebe,  and  the  family 
is  prominent  in  the  social  life  of  the  city. 
Mrs.  Loveland  is  a  member  of  the  Daughters 
of  the  American  Revolution,  her  ancestor, 
Captain  John  Kidney  of  New  Jersey,  having 
been  one  of  the  American  patriots  in  that 
war.  To  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Loveland  were  born 
in  Denver  the  following  children :  Francis 
Percy  Loveland,  born  June  11,  1885 ;  Harold 
Montgomery  Loveland,  born  April  7,  1888, 
died  November  2,  1894. 


-391- 


GEORGE  McCULLOUGH 


—392- 


GEORGE  McCULLOUGH. 


X/T  /^ULLOUGH,  GEORGE,  real  estate, 
•*•  -"-Cv-i  korn  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  Decem- 
ber 18,  1843,  is  the  son  of  George  (1801- 
1881)  and  Hetty  (Simpson,  died  1880)  McCul- 
lough.  His  father,  George  McCullough,  born 
in  Beaver  county,  Pennsylvania,  removed  to 
Ohio  in  1813,  when  his  father  settled  in  Harrison 
county,  that  state,  then  a  wilderness  region. 
When  21  years  of  age,  Mr.  McCullough, 
father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  left  the 
farm,  and  removing  to  Cadiz,  the  county 
seat,  entered  the  employ  of  the  clerk  of  the 
court,  continuing  in  that  office  about  five 
years,  holding  the  position  most  of  the  time 
as  deputy  clerk,  assessing  and  collecting  the 
taxes.  On  Jan.  29,  1829,  he  married  Miss 
Hetty  Simpson  of  Cadiz,  and  then  engaged  in 
the  dry  goods  business  about  six  years.  His 
wife  was  related  to  the  Tingley  family,  of 
Morristown,  New  York,  one  of  whom  was  on 
Washington's  staff.  After  farming  four  years 
in  Columbiana  county,  Ohio;  seventeen  years 
as  a  wholesale  grocer  in  Cincinnati;  fiye 
years  in  real  estate  business,  Iowa  City,  Iowa; 
he  then  removed  to  Chicago.  Residing  there 
two  years,  he  was  given  a  position  in  the 
custom  house  in  Baltimore,  remaining  there 


until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  next  organized 
a  company  to  bore  for  oil  at  Cambridge,  Ohio, 
which  enterprise  not  proving  successful,  he 
removed  to  Quincy,  111.  and  then  to  Denver 
in  1872,  engaging  in  real  estate  business,  and 
laid  out  McCullough's  addition,  now  one  of 
the  most  desirable  locations  of  Denver. 

George  McCullough,  his  son,  attended  the 
University  of  Iowa,  and  was  graduated  from 
the  Columbian  Law  School,  Washington, 
D.  C.  in  1869,  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  He 
practiced  law  for  a  short  time,  then  engaged 
in  the  broker  and  oil  business,  and  real  es- 
tate. Mr.  McCullough  came  to  Denver 
Oct.  5,  1872,  and  assisted  his  father  to  plat 
and  lay  out  McCullough's  addition.  He  now 
has  large  real  estate  holdings,  and  has  been 
the  promoter  of  many  enterprises  that  have 
materially  aided  in  building  up  this  city  and 
state.  Mr.  McCullough  is  a  member  of  the 
Denver  and  Lotus  clubs,  and  is  a  Scottish 
Rite  Mason.  His  first  marriage  was  in  1871, 
in  Washington,  D.  C.,  his  wife  dying  in  1889. 
In  1895,  at  Denver,  he  married  Alice  R.  Jones. 
They  have  two  daughters,  Mary  and  Alice, 
now  attending  Miss  Wolcott's  School. 


—393— 


EZRA  TAYLOR  ELLIOTT 


—394— 


EZRA  TAYLOR  ELLIOTT. 


"C  LLIOTT,  Ezra  Taylor,  attorney  and  jur- 
1st,  was  born  in  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  on  No- 
vember 15,  1845.  His  father,  Ezra  Elliott, 
a  wholesale  merchant,  was  born  on  Novem- 
ber 3,  1802,  and  died  January  28,  1881.  His 
mother  was  Asenath  Varney  Elliott.  Judge 
Elliott's  ancestors  came  from  Elliott  clan, 
Scotland,  and  were  among  the  first  settlers 
of  Maryland. 

He  received  his  first  education  in  the 
public  schools  of  Cincinnati,  after  which  he 
attended  Hughes  High  School  and  then 
studied  under  private  tutor  international 
law  and  political  economy.  He  first  engaged 
in  business  in  Cincinnati,  and  then  removed 
to  Shawneetown,  Illinois,  as  a  coal  operator, 
where  he  remained  until  187.1,  when  he  came 
to  Denver,  Colorado.  Judge  Elliott  arrived 
in  Colorado  upon  the  completion  of  the  Kan- 
sas Pacific  Railroad,  with  a  serious  case  of 
tuberculosis.  The  climate  routed  the  dis- 
ease and  he  completely  recovered  his  health. 
He  then  decided  to  make  the  state  his  per- 
manent home. 

The  panic  of  1873  left  Denver  in  a  pre- 
carious condition.  It  was  to  all  intents 
and  purposes  dead  and  without  resources, 
while  Del  Norte  bade  fair  to  become 
the  principal  city  of  the  state,  being 


the  distributing  point  for  the  whole  San 
Juan  country.  There  was  $10  in  circulation 
in  Del  Norte  to  every  dollar  in  Denver,  and 
its  close  proximity  to  the  great  mines  of  the 
state,  and  its  climate  and  other  attractions, 
caused  Judge  Elliott  to  remove  to  that  city, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  He  engaged  in 
mining  and  stock  raising,  and  later  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession,  in  all  of  which 
he  was  successful.  Judge  Elliott  has  always 
taken  a  citizen's  interest  in  the  welfare  of 
the  state,  both  financially  and  politically, 
and  has  attended  all  the  conventions  of  his 
party,  but  never  sought  political  office  for 
himself.  He  has  frequently  been  called 
upon,  however,  to  serve  the  people  and  was 
chosen  county  judge  of  Rio  Grande  county, 
and  has  also  represented  the  people  as  mayor 
of  Del  Norte.  He  was  appointed  referee  in 
bankruptcy  of  the  Federal  court,  which  po- 
sition he  held  until  the  Fifth  Division  of  the 
state  was  discontinued.  Judge  Elliott -is  a 
Mason  and  belongs  to  the  Sons  of  Colorado 
and  the  Ohio  Society  of  Colorado  and  San 
Juan  Pioneers. 

Judge  Elliott  and  Victoria  Weeden, 
daughter  of  "Wanton  Weeden,  of  Fairfield, 
New  York,  were  married  in  Del  Norte  on 
September  15,  1885.  They  have  no  children. 


—395— 


WILLIAM   STERNE  FRIEDMAN 


WILLIAM  STERNE  FRIEDMAN. 

"CRIEDMAN,  WILLIAM  STERNE,  rabbi,  man,  and  received  his  education  from  the 

orator   and  lecturer,   was   born  in   Chi-  Hebrew  Union  College  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 

cage,  Illinois,  October  24,  1869.     He  is  the  and  the  University  of  Cincinnati,  graduating 

son  of  Nathan  and  Bertha  (Sternberg)  Fried-  from  the  Hebrew  College  with  the  degree  of 


—396— 


Rabbi,  and  from  the  University  of  Cincinnati 
with  the  degree  of  B.  A.,  in  1889. 

The  brilliancy  of  his  intellectual  attain- 
ments and  oratorical  ability  was  early  rec- 
ognized, and  caused  him  to  be  called  to  act 
as  pastor  of  Temple  Emanuel  at  Denver, 
one  of  the  leading  Jewish  Synagogues  in 
the  country.  And  we  might  state,  in  passing, 
that  Rabbi  Friedman's  ability  and  efforts 
were  appreciated  to  the  extent,  that  in  1909 
he  was  elected  to  this  office  for  life. 

He  is  acknowledged  by  all  to  be  one  of 
the  most  eloquent,  forceful  and  enterprising 
preachers  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region,  a 
leader  in  all  enterprises  inaugurated  for  the 
betterment  of  the  state  and  humanity. 

Rabbi  Friedman  is  one  of  the  most  lib- 
eral pastors  in  his  views  upon  religious  sub- 
jects, never  hesitating  to  join  with  other 
pastors  of  different  denominations  in  any 
and  every  movement  tending  to  the  upbuild- 
ing of  the  churches  and  the  people.  His  life 
work  seems  to  be  devoted  to  the  betterment 
of  mankind ;  he  is  the  founder  and  a  member 
of  the  executive  council  of  the  National  Jew- 
ish Hospital  for  Consumptives  at  Denver,  the 
first  free  tuberculosis  hospital  ever  started 
in  America.  The  liberality  of  his  views  and 
his  great  fund  of  human  kindness  was  dem- 
onstrated by  his  making  the  institution  non- 
sectarian. 

In  1901,  he  be-came  a  member  of  the  State 
Board  of  Charities  and  Corrections,  serving 
as  president  from  1905  to  1909.  He  became 
a  member  of  the  Denver  Public  Library  Com- 
mission in  1906,  and  was  chosen  vice-presi- 
dent of  this  body  in  1910.  Soon  after  his 
arrival  in  Denver  he  became  vice-president 
of  the  Charity  Organization  Society  of  Den- 
ver, an  organization  that  has  done  more  to 
relieve  the  needy  and  those  in  distress  than 
any  other  society  in  the  city.  This  societ^ 
maintains  offices  which  are  open  to  hear  and 
relieve  all  needy  cases  of  distress  at  all  times, 
and  its  work  in  caring  for  unfortunates  who 
become  stranded  in  Denver,  after  coming 
from  the  east  and  other  points,  seeking  re- 
lief from  consumption  and  other  ailments,  is 
only  one  feature  of  its  beneficent  work. 
Numerous  are  the  widows,  orphans,  and  old, 
indigent  men  and  women  who  are  daily  fed, 
housed  and  clothed  by  this  worthy  society. 

Still  engaged  in  good  work,  and  gaining 
experience  in  the  necessary  work  of  prac- 
tical, useful  charity,  he  realized  that  some 
organization  having  for  its  object  the  care 


of  indigent  sick  people,  who  could  not  be 
taken  care  of  by  the  county  hospitals,  was  a 
necessity ;  so  he  became  one  of  the  founders 
and  the  vice-president  of  the  Saturday  and 
Sunday  Hospital  Association  in  1905.  This 
society  instituted  what  has  become  known 
as  "Tag  Day,"  in  which  some  of  the  most 
prominent  men  and  women  volunteer  their 
services  on  stated  Saturdays  and  Sundays  to 
sell  tags  in  public  places,  the  money  thus 
derived  going  into  the  fund  handled  by  this 
association,  and  being  used  to  pay  the  ex- 
penses of  these  indigent  people  in  various 
pay  hospitals. 

The  relief  of  the  persecuted  Jews  in  Rus- 
sia was  another  field  for  his  energy,  and  in 
1905  he  assisted  in  organizing  and  became 
the  president  of  the  Central  Committee  of 
the  Rocky  Mountain  Region  for  the  relief 
of  these  people. 

Just  how  much  Rabbi  Friedman  is  recog- 
nized as  a  leader  of  his  people  in  this  coun- 
try is  shown  by  the  fact  that  he  has  re- 
ceived calls  from  Chicago,  Boston,  Portland, 
Oregon,  and  other  cities. 

His  scholarly  attainments  won  him  recog- 
nition by  the  University  of  Colorado,  and  in 
1902  he  accepted  the  chair  of  professor  of 
Hebrew  in  this  university,  which  he  still 
holds,  and  in  1906,  it  conferred  the  degree 
of  LL.  D.  upon  him. 

He  has,  since  1908,  been  one  of  the  exec- 
utive committee  of  the  Central  Conference 
of  American  Rabbis,  and  chairman  of  the 
committee  on  church  and  state.  The  latter 
committee  is  to  prevent  sectarianism  in  our 
public  schools,  and  also  to  prevent  the  ridi- 
cule of  the  Jew  on  the  stage,  in  the  press 
and  on  the  forum,  and  keep  unsullied  the 
name  of  the  Jew.  It  also  takes  interest, 
nationally  and  internationally,  in  the  wel- 
fare of  the  Jew. 

As  a  lecturer  on  leligious,  economic,  pa- 
triotic and  philanthropic  subjects  he  has  few 
equals,  combining  as  he  does  his  extensive 
knowledge  upon  these  subjects  with  a  fluent 
and  pleasing  delivery  and  magnetic  person- 
ality, he  is  much  sought  after  to  deliver  ad- 
dresses upon  all  public  occasions. 

Rabbi  Friedman  married  at  New  Or- 
leans, Louisiana,  April  29.  1903,  Juliet 
Freyhan,  the  daughter  of  Julius  Freyhan,  of 
that  city.  They  have  two  children,  J.  Frey- 
han Friedman,  born  January  30,  1904,  and 
Pauline  Alma  Friedman,  born  August  2,  1910. 


—397- 


ARTHUR  CORNFORTH 


ARTHUR  CORNFORTH. 


/CORNFORTH,  ARTHUR,  lawyer,  born 
^  February  21,  1861,  in  Smethport,  Mc- 
Kean  county,  Pennsylvania,  is  the  son  of 
the  Rev.  Columbus  and  Clara  Eliza  (Med- 
bury)  Cornforth.  His  ancestors  came  to  this 
country  in  the  colonial  period,  and  were  pa- 
triots in  the  American  Revolution.  In  the 
maternal  line,  he  is  a  grandson  of  Nelson 
and  Louisa  (Taylor)  Medbury;  great  grand- 
son of  James  Taylor,  who  married  a  Miss 
Niles;  great,  great  grandson  of  Robert  and 
Sally  (Bailey)  Taylor;  and,  great,  great, 
great  grandson  of  Asa  Bailey,  who  was  a 
soldier  in  Colonel  Huntington's  Regiment, 
in  the  Revolution.  At  one  time  when  a  bat- 
tle was  being  fought  near  Groton,  Connecti- 
cut, where  Asa  Bailey  then  lived,  he  rushed 
into  the  house  and  said,  "Mother,  we  are 
almost  out  of  bullets."  Without  hesitation 
she  went  to  her  pantry,  took  down  her 
beautiful  pewter  dinner  set,  which  she 
moulded  into  bullets  with  her  own  hands. 

His  father,  the  Rev.  Columbus  Cornforth, 
D.  D.,  was  a  baptist  clergyman,  and  made  a 
gallant  record  in  the  civil  war.  He  was 
born  in  1831  and  died  February  11,  1883. 
He  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Forty-second 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers,  commonly  known 
as  the  "Bucktail"  Regiment.  Reduced  in 
numbers  by  hard  fighting  in  some  of  the 
fiercest  battles  of  the  civil  war,  the  remnant 
of  the  Forty-second  was  combined  with  the 
One  Hundred  and  Fiftieth  Pennsylvania,  in 
which  he  served  as  chaplain. 

Arthur  Cornforth,  his  son,  was  educated 
in  the  high  school,  in  Harrisburg,  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  was  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  from  the  University  of  Kansas  in 
1882.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  at 
once  began  the  practice  of  the  law  at  Clyde, 
Cloud  county,  Kansas,  where  he  remained 
five  years.  He  was  city  attorney,  at  Clyde, 
in  1883,  and  was  also  deputy  prosecuting  at- 
torney ;  was  also  postmaster  there  1883- 
1885,  having  been  appointed  by  President 
Arthur,  but  resigned  under  the  Cleveland 


administration.  Coming  to  Denver  in  Octo- 
ber, 1887,  and  after  looking  over  the  state, 
he  located  at  Durango,  in  February,  1888, 
where  he  was  express  agent  for  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railway  until  August,  1889, 
when  he  went  to  Salt  Lake  City,  where  he 
was  variously  employed  until  1892.  Return- 
ing to  Durango,  he  resumed  the  practice  of 
the  law,  continuing  there  four  years,  and 
was  county  attorney  of  La  Plata  county  in 
1895.  Removing  to  Colorado  Springs,  Janu- 
ary 1,  1896,  he  has  since  made  that  city  his 
residence,  and  has  built  up  a  large  and  suc- 
cessful business  in  the  general  practice  of 
the  law. 

He  is  a  Republican  in  politics,  and  has 
been  one  of  the  party  leaders  in  Colorado. 
He  was  state  senator,  Twenty-eighth  district, 
1902-06,  and  was  re-elected  state  senator 
from  the  same  district  in  1910  for  another 
term  of  four  years.  Senator  Cornforth  has 
also  served  as  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Colo- 
rado. He  was  elected  president  pro  tern,  of 
the  state  senate  in  the  Fifteenth  General 
Assembly.  When  Jesse  F.  McDonald,  the 
Lieutenant-Governor,  became  Governor,  by 
virtue  of  his  position  as  president  pro  tern, 
of  the  senate,  he  became  the  successor  to  that 
honor.  Senator  Cornforth  has  also  been 
prominently  mentioned  for  Congress,  and 
other  positions  of  honor  and  trust.  In  public 
and  private  life,  and  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  he  has  made  a  worthy  and  envi- 
able record  in  Colorado.  As  a  member  of  the 
state  senate,  he  has  exerted  his  influence  in 
the  enactment  of  those  laws,  most  beneficial 
for  the  general  good.  He  has  proved  him- 
self to  be  an  expert  parliamentarian  and  a 
fluent  speaker. 

Senator  Cornforth  is  a  Mason,  a  member 
of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World,  Modern 
Woodmen  of  America,  is  a  past  exalted 
ruler  of  the  B.  P.  0.  E.,  and  a  member  also 
of  the  Colorado  Springs  Chapter,  Sons  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

In  December,  1882,  he  married  Miss  Fan- 
nie Fulke,  in  Lawrence,  Kansas. 


—399— 


SAMUEL  FREDERICK  DUTTON 


-400— 


SAMUEL  FREDERICK  BUTTON. 


DUX/TON,  SAMUAL  FREDERICK,  hotel 
proprietor,  born  February  16,  1870,  in 
Sherman,  New  York,  was  the  son  of  Fred- 
erick L.  (born  1835)  and  Mary  A.  (Sixbey) 
Button.  His  father,  now  retired  from  busi- 
ness and  residing  at  Denver,  was,  for  many 
years,  a  leader  in  politics  in  the  western 
part  of  that  state.  Mr.  Button  is  descended 
from  patriots  of  the  American  Revolution, 
in  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island.  He  was 
educated  in  Sherman  Academy,  in  his  native 
town.  As  a  boy,  he  was  fascinated  with  the 
scenes  of  the  hotel  lobby,  and,  obtaining  the 
consent  of  his  father,  became  a  bell  boy  in 
one  of  the  hotels  of  his  home  town.  The 
hotel  business  and  life  appealed  to  his  youth- 
ful ambition,  and  he  then  decided  to  shape 
his  future  along  that  line.  He  has  never 
attempted  any  other  avocation,  profession  or 
business.  From  the  position  of  bell  boy  to 
that  of  proprietor,  he  knows  all  about  the 
work  and  management  of  a  hotel,  and  has 
been  most  successful  in  the  several  enter- 
prises attempted  by  him. 

For  several  years,  he  was  steward  at  the 
Clifton  hotel,  Chicago,  and,  then  going  to 
Peoria,  Illinois,  he  became  manager  of  the 
National  hotel  at  that  place. 

Mr.  Button,  later,  wa°.  appointed  super- 
intendent of  railroad  eating  houses  and  din- 
ing cars  of  the  Santa  Fe,  before  he  came  to 
Colorado,  and  associated  with  Fred  Harvey, 
co-operated  in  perfecting  the  system  to  a 
high  condition  of  efficiency.  While  con- 
nected with  this  railroad  service,  Mr.  Button 
was  afforded  an  excellent  opportunity  to 
study  the  west,  and  then  made  up  his  mind, 
that  he  would  sometime,  make  it  his  per- 
manent home.  In  1894,  he  came  to  Benver, 
and  was  made  the  store-keeper  for  the 
Albany  hotel.  Later,  he  became  steward, 
manager,  partner,  and  finally  the  sole  pro- 
prietor of  the  Albany  hotel. 

Regardless  of  the  cost  and  expense  in- 
curred, many  improvements  have  been  made, 
and  few  hotels  are  superior  in  service  and 
appointments  to  the  Albany,  which  is  widely 
known  as  one  of  the  best  equipped  hotels 
in  the  country.  The  building  has  been  en- 
larged from  time  to  time,  entailing  a  large 
outlay  of  money,  and  all  the  modern  con- 
veniences are  afforded  the  general  public. 


Mr.  Button,  with  commendable  pride,  has 
built  up  one  of  the  finest  hostelries  of  the 
west  and  now  (191.1.)  he  is  preparing  to  tear 
all  of  this  away  and  replace  it  with  a  hotel 
second  to  none  in  America. 

Mr.  Button  is  not  only  known  as  a  hotel 
proprietor,  but  as  one  of  the  prominent  cit- 
izens of  the  state.  He  is  always  at  the  front 
in  any  enterprise  that  aids  in  the  building 
up  of  Benver,  Colorado,  and  the  west.  Lib- 
eral, generous,  public  spirited,  and  affable, 
he  is  popular  as  a  man  of  business  and  of 
affaire..  As  a  member  of  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  he  has  taken  a  prominent  part 
in  its  work,  in  pushing  to  the  front  the  in- 
terests of  this  city.  As  director  of  the  Ben- 
ver Convention  League,  and  prominently 
connected  with  its  work,  he  has  given  valu- 
able aid  and  assistance  in  securing  for  this 
chVy  the  national  meetings  and  gatherings  of 
the  leading  associations  and  societies  of  this 
country.  Probably  but  few  men  in  this  city 
have  a  more  extended  acquaintance  than 
Mr.  Button,  hence  the  valuable  services  he 
is  always  able  and  willing  to  give,  when 
these  public  matters  come  up  for  consider- 
ation. 

Mr.  Button  has  also  been  prominently 
identified  with  the  several  associations  thai 
have  been  organized  by  hotel  men.  For 
three  years,  1896-1897-1898,  he  was  president 
of  the  Rocky  Mountain  Hotel  Men's  Associ- 
ation; in  1907-1908,  president  of  the  Benver 
Hotel  Association;  and,  in  1909,  president 
of  the  Western  Hotel  Men's  Protective  Asso- 
ciation. 

In  1910,  Mr.  Button  was  one  of  the  or- 
ganizers of  the  American  Hotel  Protective 
Association,  of  which  he  was  president,  1910- 
1911.  This  Association  has  offices  in  Chicago, 
New  York,  Benver,  San  Francisco,  and  At- 
lanta, Georgia.  The  object  of  this  associ- 
ation is  to  warn  hotels  against  dead-beats 
and  crooks  and  to  apprehend  and  convict 
such  crooks  and  it  has  already  accomplished 
effective  work,  in  protecting  the  leading 
hotels  of  the  country  against  those  who 
would  ''beat"  their  bills  or  otherwise  de- 
fraud the  hostelry. 

He  married  Miss  Jessie  Breese  of  Chi- 
cago. Their  children  are :  Eva  Alice  and 
Winifred  Wilson  Button. 


—401  — 


JAMES  NEVILLE  CALDWELL 


-402- 


JAMES  NEVILLE  CALDWELL. 


ALDWELL,  JAMES  NEVILLE,  mining, 
born  in  Laramie,  Wyoming,  November 
18,  1876,  was  the  son  of  Isaac  Philip  and 
Sarah  Margaret  (Frame)  Caldwell.  His 
father  was  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Wyoming, 
settling  there  in  early  .territorial  days,  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  that  now  rap- 
idly growing  state.  He  was  a  banker  and 
an  attorney  in  Laramie  City.  He  organized 
and  was  president  of  the  Albany  County 
National  Bank  of  Laramie.  Together  with 
Hon.  C.  D.  Clark,  now  of  the  United 
States  Senate,  and  Mr.  William  W.  Cor- 
lett  of  Cheyenne,  he  was  appointed  by  the 
president  to  draft  the  original  laws-  that 
were  adopted  by  the  legislature.  His  father 
was  for  several  terms  a  member  of  the  Wyo- 
ming legislature,  also  one  of  its  presiding 
officers,  and  has  also  served  as  mayor  of 
Laramie.  In  the  financial,  political  and  in- 
dustrial history  of  Wyoming,  his  name  was 
a  prominent  factor.  His  wife,  who  was  Miss 
Sarah  Margaret  Frame,  was  of  the  well 
known  Catlett  family.  She  was  born  in  Cat- 
lettsburg,  Kentucky,  and  her  father  was  a 
large  plantation  owner. 

James  N.  Caldwell,  the  son,  and  subject 
of  this  sketch,  after  receiving  his  earlier  edu- 
cation in  the  public  schools,  then  attended 
the  University  of  Wyoming.  He  did  not  com- 
plete his  studies  at  the  university.  After 


his  third  year  at  that  institution,  the  fam- 
ily removed  to  Denver,  and  he  did  not  again 
resume  his  studies. 

Mr.  Caldwell  now  became  interested  in 
mining,  and  began  prospecting  and  looking 
about  for  himself.  In  this  way,  he  obtained 
a  mining  property  at  Central  City,  in  Gilpin 
county,  which  he  has  developed  and  oper- 
ated with  marked  success.  With  offices  and 
residence  in  Denver,  he  organized  this  prop- 
erty into  the  Gilpin-Eureka  Mining  Com- 
pany, of  which  he  became  the  treasurer  and 
general  manager.  This  mining  interest  is 
a  gold,  silver  and  lead  proposition,  that  has 
netted  handsome  returns.  The  company  has 
been  operating  this  mining  interest  three  or 
four  years,  with  an  extensive  milling  plant 
and  is  well  equipped  with  machinery.  The 
mine  occupies  a  unique  position^  in  that  one- 
half  of  the  property  is  within  the  townsite 
of  Central  City.  The  company  employs 
about  twenty-five  men.  He  has  also  been 
engaged  in  stock  raising  in  Wyoming,  and 
other  enterprises. 

Mr.  Caldwell  married  in  Kansas  City, 
May  27,  1908,  Miss  Ada  Laura  McAtee. 

Both  in  Wyoming  and  Colorado,  he  and 
his  father  have  materially  aided  in  the  build- 
ing up  of  two  of  the  great  states  of  the* 
Rocky  Mountain  region. 


—403— 


HENRY  JOSEPH  STEPHENS 


—404— 


HENRY  JOSEPH  STEPHENS. 


OTEPHENS,  HENRY  JOSEPH,  financier 
^  and  real  estate,  son  of  Henry  J.,  Sr.,  and 
Ann  M.  (Morrison)  Stephens,  was  born  No- 
vember 10,  1848,  in  Somerset,  Pennsylvania. 
His  father,  born  January,  1824,  died  June 
16,  1884,  was,  prior  to  the  civil  war  in  1861, 
a  member  of  the  banking  house  of  Wall, 
Stephens  &  Company,  Washington,  D.  C., 
and  Richmond,  Virginia.  His  mother  was 
the  daughter  of  William  H.  and  Jane  Mor- 
rison. 

His  ancestors  were  distinguished  in  the 
colonial  era  of  the  south  and  during  the 
period  of  the  states.  William  Stephens,  his 
American  progenitor,  born  in  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  1671,  and  lieutenant-governor  of  the 
island,  settled  in  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, in  1730.  The  Stephenses  were  one  of 
the  old  and  established  families  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight  and  distinguished  in  its  history.  The 
branch  founded  by  William  Stephens  in  the 
southern  colonies  also  became  illustrious  in 
American  history.  William  Stephens,  the 
first  American  ancestor,  removed  from 
Charleston  to  Georgia,  of  which  he  was  pro- 
vincial governor  from  1743  to  1750.  Alex- 
ander H.  Stephens,  of  this  same  family,  was 
a  member  of  congress  from  Georgia  for 
twenty  years  and  vice-president  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy  from  1861  to  1865. 

Henry  J.  Stephens,  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  was  educated  in  the  high  school, 
Dixon,  Illinois,  and  Dixon  University,  but 
did  not  graduate,  as  he  started  out  early  in 
life  to  make  his  own  way  in  the  world.  He 
first  engaged  in  business  at  Dixon,  Illinois, 
in  1870,  continuing  there  until  1880.  In 
March,  the  latter  year,  he  removed  to  Colo- 
rado, locating  at  Alma,  this  state.  In  1881 
he  entered  upon  his  successful  business  ca- 


reer in  Denver,  in  real  estate  and  invest- 
ments, and  became  connected  with  large  and 
affiliated  interests.  His  activities  in  real  es- 
tate, loans,  investments,  commercial  and 
banking  interests  opened  a  field  adapted  to 
his  genius  and  skill  as  a  promotor  and  or- 
ganizer. Within  a  short  time  he  became 
one  of  the  prominent  business  men  of  the 
city.  Mr.  Stephens  was  president  of  the 
Denver  Loan  &  Trust  Company  from  1888 
to  1891.  From  1898  to  the  present  time  he 
has  been  president  of  the  Denver  Abstract  & 
Title  Company;  and  from  1892  has  also  been 
president  of  the  Stephens  Investment  & 
Trust  Company,  investment  bankers,  and 
still  holds  that  position.  Mr.  Stephens  in- 
corporated his  present  business  in  1892,  with 
a  capital  of  $200,000,  and  now  (1911),  with 
the  capital  fully  paid,  the  company  has 
$450,000  in  surplus  and  undivided  profits. 
These  figures  speak  for  themselves  of  the 
successful  administration  of  the  affairs  of 
the  Stephens  Investment  &  Trust  Company; 
and  the  other  interests  with  which  Mr. 
Stephens  is  affiliated  show  a  similar  growth 
and  prosperous  condition.  This  investment 
and  trust  company  deals  in  real  estate,  in- 
vestments, bonds,  general  securities  and  first 
mortgage  loans.  Mr.  Stephens  has  also  been 
identified  with  the  mining  industry,  more  es- 
pecially in  Park  county,  and  also  at  Central 
City.  He  has  accomplished  all  that  makes 
the  successful  business  man.  He  is  a  Master 
Mason,  Knight  Templar  and  Shriner. 

Mr.  Stephens  married,  first,  in  June, 
1881,  at  Port  Bryon,  Illinois,  Hattie,  daugh- 
ter of  Nathaniel  P.  Darrance.  She  died  in 
November,  1883.  He  married,  second,  Sep- 
tember 24,  1888,  Alice  S.  Roberts.  He  has 
two  children :  Clarence  E.  and  Harold  H. 
Stephens. 


105— 


LUTHER  M.  GODDARD 


LUTHER  M.  GODDARD. 


ODDARD,  LUTHER  M.,  lawyer  and  jur- 
1st  (late  justice  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  Colorado),  born  in  Palmyra,  Wayne  coun- 
ty, New  York,  son  of  Edwin  P.  (farmer  and 
miller),  and  Mariah  (Filmore)  Goddard,  a 
second  cousin  of  the  renowned  statesman, 
Millard  Filmore.  Removing  to  Abingdon, 
Illinois,  in  1854,  Edwin  P.  Goddard  engaged 
in  the  lumber  business  and,  later,  at  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas,  where  he  died  in  1866. 

Luther  M.  Goddard  received  his  early 
education  in  the  common  schools  of  Pal- 
myra. Afterward  and  for  six  years  he  at- 
tended the  Hedding  College  at  Abingdon. 
He  commenced  the  sudy  of  law  at  Leaven- 
worth,  Kansas,  in  1862;  entered  the  Chi- 
cago Law  School  in  1864,  graduating  with 
the  honor  of  valedictorian  of  his  class  in 
1865;  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  Illinois  in  June  of  the  same  year; 
returned  to  Leavenworth  and  entered  upon 
the  practice  of  his  profession.  At  an  early 
day  he  began  his  unusual  career  of  official 
preferment,  both  in  politics  and  within  the 
province  of  his  profession.  For  two  years, 
at  Leavenworth,  he  was  deputy  county  at- 
torney, under  Judge  Brewer,  late  of  the 
United  States  Supreme  Court,  and  for  two 
successive  terms  Judge  Goddard  served  as 
county  attorney,  by  election.  In  the  fall  of 
1871  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Kan- 
sas legislature,  where  he  introduced  the  bill 
and  was  among  the  earliest  advocates  of 
equal  suffrage.  In  1878  he  came  to  Colo- 
rado, first  locating  at  Leadville,  where  he 
engaged  in  mining,  in  addition  to  his  legal 
practice.  In  1882  he  was  elected  judge  of 
the  district  court  and  re-elected  in  1888.  In 
1892  he  received  the  nomination  of  the  Pop- 
ulist and  Democratic  parties  and  was  elected 
Justice  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Colorado. 
He  remained  upon  the  bench  until  the  expi- 
ration of  his  term  in  1901,  in  the  meantime 
permanently  establishing  his  residence  in 
Denver. 

In  1905,  when  the  Supreme  Court  was 
reorganized,  Judge  Goddard  was  returned 
to  the  Supreme  Court  by  appointment  from 
Governor  Peabody.  During  the  latter  part 
of  his  first  term  on  the  Supreme  bench,  Jus- 
tice Goddard  concurred  in  the  decision  writ- 


ten by  Judge  Campbell  declaring  the  eight- 
hour  law,  enacted  at  the  preceding  session 
of  the  legislature,  to  be  unconstitutional.  A 
short  time  after  his  appointment  by  Gover- 
nor Peabody  a  dynamite  bomb  was  planted 
at  the  gate  of  Judge  Goddard 's  residence. 
This  bomb  failed  to  explode,  which  fact 
saved  the  life  of  the  Justice.  It  was  di- 
vulged by  the  Orchard  confession  that  this 
bomb  was  one  of  two  aimed  at  the  life  of 
the  two  distinguished  members  of  the  Su- 
preme Court  (Goddard  and  Gabbert)  as  a 
retaliation  for  their  concurrence  in  the 
eight-hour  decision.  Having  filled  out  the 
unexpired  term  on  the  Supreme  bench, 
Judge  Goddard  again  returned  to  the  gen- 
eral practice  of  the  law,  and  is  esteemed  as 
one  of  the  eminent  members  of  the  bar  in 
Denver,  while  he  is  equally  honored  all  over 
the  state.  Judge  Goddard  served  in  that 
high  judicial  position  with  the  most  credit- 
able ability  and  his  opinions  and  decisions 
were  uniformly  acceptable  to  the  profession 
and  the  people.  In  all  matters  under  his 
consideration,  his  duties  on  the  bench  were 
discharged  with  the  acumen  and  decisive- 
ness of  an  able  jurist,  inspired  by  a  keen 
sense  of  justice  and  a  wide  comprehension 
of  the  law. 

Among  his  fellow  members  of  bench  and 
bar  and  in  the  walks  of  social  life,  he  is  a 
man  of  great  purity  of  character  and  in- 
tegrity of  purpose — of  genial,  kindly  nature 
and  attractive  personality — a  man  of  deep 
sympathies  and  a  friend  of  the  people.  He 
has  the  good  will  and  friendship  of  the 
multitude  in  return.  In  1880,  while  living 
in  Leadville,  Judge  Goddard  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  School  Board  and  served  as 
president  of  that  body  three  years.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  order  of  Elks,  a  Mason,  a 
Knight  Templar  and  a  member  of  the  Mys- 
tic Shrine.  On  Dec.  4,  1911,  Judge  Goddard 
was  elected  president  of  the  Denver  Bar  As- 
sociation. 

Judge  Goddard  married  twice,  and  has 
four  children  living:  Frank  M.  Goddard, 
a  lawyer;  Irene,  the  wife  of  Walter  C.  Boy- 
ington  of  the  Detroit  Free  Press ;  Lucile  and 
George,  the  latter  engaged  in  mining. 


—407— 


PETER  J.  FRIEDERICH 


—408— 


PETER  J.  FRIEDERICH. 


FRIEDERICH,  PETER  J.,  brewer  and 
financier,  son  of  Peter  J.  and  Mary 
(Kaiser)  Friederich,  was  born  July  25, 
1863,  at  Mascoutah,  Illinois,  and  died  in 
Denver,  Colorado,  May  13,  1911.  His  pa- 
rents came  from  Germany.  His  father  was 
an  officer  in  the  German  army  and  came  to 
America  and  established  a  brewery  at  Mas- 
coutah, Illinois. 

Mr.  Friederich 's  birthplace  was  just 
across  the  river  from  St.  Louis,  and  there 
he  spent  the  first  nineteen  years  of  his  life. 
He  received  a  liberal  education,  attending 
school  in  the  winter  months,  but  during  the 
summers  worked  on  a  farm.  He  then  came 
west,  locating  in  Denver  in  1881.  He  ob- 
tained employment  for  a  time  as  clerk  with 
the  Cornforth  Commission  Company.  Later 
he  began  to  work  for  Zang's  brewery  as  a 
collector.  Industry,  honesty,  pleasing  ad- 
dress, together  with  a  social  and  frank  na- 
ture, were  elements,  all  contributing  to  his 
rapid  rise  in  the  business  life  of  this  large 
brewing  company,  and  his  appointment  as 
assistant  general  manger  in  1889.  He  con- 
tinued with  the  company  after  the  purchase 
by  the  English  syndicate,  and  at  the  time 
of  his  death  was  the  city  manager  for  the 
Ph.  Zang  Brewing  Company.  Although  not 
a  seeker  after  public  office,  yet  he  was  prom- 
inently identified  with  city  politics,  in  which 
he  wielded  an  extensive  influence.  He  was 
popular  in  business  circles,  and  his  large 
personal  acquaintance  made  him  a  potent 
factor  in  local  politics. 

Mr.  Friederich  was  thrifty  as  well  as  in- 
dustrious and  enterprising,  and,  predicting 
the  future  growth  of  Denver  and  the  state, 
invested  in  real  estate,  and  engaged  in  other 
ventures  that  proved  most  profitable.  His 


holdings  and  investments  represented  the 
accumulation  of  a  comfortable  fortune,  an 
example  of  what  a  young  man  of  good  busi- 
ness capacity  may  accomplish  in  the  west. 
Not  only  in  real  estate  did  he  acquire  valu- 
able property,  but  he  also  became  interested 
in  banking  and  high  class  securities. 

At  the  time  of  his  death,  in  addition  to 
his  connection  with  the  Zang  brewery  he 
also  held  the  following  position*  in  compa- 
nies with  which  he  had  large  interests :  vice- 
president  of  the  Zang  Realty  and  Invest- 
ment Company;  vice-president  of  the  Wei- 
ton  Street  Investment  Company ;  vice-presi- 
dent of  the  St.  James  Investment  Company; 
vice-president  of  the  German-American 
Trust  Company,  and  vice-president  of  the 
Lakeside  Realty  and  Amusement  Company. 
He  was  thus  identified  with  many  and  varied 
interests  and  was  one  of  the  leaders  in  the 
business  and  commercial  life  of  Denver. 

In  the  fraternal  orders  aid  kindred  so- 
cieties he  was  prominent  and  popular,  being 
a  member  of  the  following :  Shriners,  Scot- 
tish Rite  Masons,  Elks,  Eagles,  East  Denver 
Turnverein  and  other  German  societies. 

During  a  long  career  of  thirty  years  he 
was  connected  with  the  Zang  brewery  and 
ably  assisted  in  making  that  plant  one  of 
the  largest  institutions  of  the  kind  in  the 
west.  In  the  many  and  diversified  interests 
with  which  his  name  was  associated  he  was 
ever  found  to  be  a  man  of  sterling  integrity, 
broad  business  capacity  and  worthy  of  the 
confidence  and  trust  confided  to  him  in  many 
enterprises. 

Mr.  Friederich  married,  in  Denver,  Miss 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Philip  Zang.  She 
died  December  7th,  1894,  and  left  surviving 
one  child,  a  son,  named  Philip. 


-409— 


WILLIAM  WALLACE  ROLLER 


—410— 


WILLIAM  WALLACE  ROLLER. 


TJOLLER,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  civil 
•'•^  war  veteran,  merchant,  real  estate  man 
and  one  of  the  upbuilders  of  Salida,  Colo- 
rado, was  born  in  Lodi,  now  known  as  Go- 
wanda,  Erie  county,  New  York,  November 
1,  1841.  He  comes  of  sound  German  stock. 
His  father,  John  Philip  Roller,  was  a  mer- 
chant before  him  and  was  born  June  18, 
1819,  and  died  August  26,  1891.  His  mother, 
Eliza  Matilda  (Seafley)  Roller,  was  born  No- 
vember 23,  1821,  and  died  October  29,  1902. 
The  first  member  of  the  Roller  family  to  set- 
tle in  America  was  John  Roller,  who  came 
to  Erie  county,  New  York,  from  Grombach, 
Black  Forest,  Frunten  Stadt,  Germany,  in 
1807.  When  the  war  between  the  states 
broke  out,  young  Roller,  just  out  of  his 
'teens,  joined  the  Army  of  the  Union  and 
fought  three  years  and  two  months  in  the 
Second  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He 
enlisted  in  the  Sixty-fourth  Infantry,  New 
York  Volunteers,  September  7,  1861,  and 
rose  from  the  ranks  to  a  captaincy.  He  par- 
ticipated in  more  than  fifty  engagements,  in- 
cluding some  of  the  principal  battles  of  the 
war,  and  was  twice  wounded,  once  at  Fair 
Oaks  and  again  at  Chancellorsville,  Va. 

At  the  close  of  the  war,  Captain  Roller 
resumed  his  studies  preparatory  to  entering 
college  and  attended  Dartmouth  College,  at 
Hanover,  New  Hampshire,  for  two  years. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  class  of  '70,  but  left 
college  at  the  close  of  his  sophomore  year. 
He  then  entered  business,  dealing  in  furni- 
ture, in  Ottawa,  Kansas,  in  1868,  remaining 
there  until  the  spring  of  1874,  when  he  came 
to  this  state,  resuming  the  furniture  business 
in  Colorado  Springs.  He  resided  later  for  a 
brief  period  at  Canon  City,  but  since  1880 
his  home  has  been  in  Salida,  where  he  en- 
gaged for  a  while  in  the  furniture  business 
and  then  devoted  himself  to  the  real  estate 
business,  in  which  he  is  engaged  at  the  pres- 
ent time.  Captain  Roller  has  been  instru- 
mental in  the  development  of  Salida  and  is 
a  representative  citizen  in  every  respect, 


identifying  himself  with  every  movement  for 
the  betterment  of  the  bustling  Colorado 
town. 

Captain  Roller  is  one  of  the  most  prom 
inent  and  devoted  members  of  the  Masonic 
fraternity  in  the  State  of  Colorado.  He  was 
made  a  Mason  in  Phoenix  Lodge,  No.  262, 
New  York,  in  1865.  In  1866  he  was  made  a 
Royal  Arch  Mason,  in  Fornsville  Chapter, 
No.  136,  Perrysburg,  New  York;  he  was  cre- 
ated a  Knight  Templar  in  Canon  City  Com- 
mandery,  No.  9,  Canon  City,  and  a  Scottish 
Rite  Mason,  Thirty-second  degree,  Colorado 
Consistory,  in  Denver,  January  29,  1889.  On 
December  10,  of  the  same  year,  he  entered 
the  Shrine,  El  Jebel  Temple,  of  Denver. 
Captain  Roller  has  served  as  master  of  Sa- 
lida Lodge,  No.  57,  for  one  year  and  for  two 
years  as  High  Priest  of  Salida  Chapter,  No. 
17.  He  has  also  been  honored  with  the  office 
of  Eminent  Commander,  Salida  Command- 
ery,  No.  17 ;  Grand  High  Priest  of  the  Royal 
Arch  Chapter ;  and  Grand  Junior  Deacon  of 
the  Grand  Lodge  of  the  State  of  Colorado. 
He  has  also  been  Grand  Representative  in 
the  Grand  Chapter  for  the  state  of  Missouri 
and  in  the  Grand  Lodge  for  the  state  of 
Washington.  No  member  of  the  order  in 
Colorado  is  better  versed  in  all  that  apper- 
tains to  Masonry  or  has  worked  harder  for 
its  success  in  all  departments  of  the  fra- 
ternity than  Captain  Roller. 

Captain  Roller  has  been  twice  married. 
His  first  wife  was  Claramond  M.  Hayes, 
daughter  of  William  Hayes  of  Ottawa,  Kan- 
sas. He  was  married  February  27,  1871,  at 
Ottawa,  and  his  wife  died  at  Salida,  June 
17,  1883.  He  has  one  child  by  this  union 
living,  Arthur  Hayes  Roller  of  Idaho 
Springs.  His  second  marriage  was  to  Nellie 
H.  Arnold,  September  24,  1884,  at  Salida. 
He  has  three  children  by  this  marriage: 
Douglas  A.  Roller,  a  prominent  young  at- 
torney of  Denver;  Nellie  E.  Meyer,  wife  of 
Joseph  Meyer,  Jr.,  of  Idaho  Springs,  and 
Winfield  I.  Roller.  Captain  Roller  resides 
in  Salida. 


—411— 


WOLFE  LONDONER 


—  412- 


WOLFE  LONDONER. 


TONDONER,  AVOLFE,  Denver  grocer, 
•^  pioneer  of  Colorado,  was  born  July  4, 
1848,  in  New  York  City,  the  son  of  Herman 
and  Rachel  Londoner,  who  came  to  this 
country  from  Germany  in  1840.  He  was 
educated  in  the  public  schools  and  in  the 
old  Mechanics'  Institute,  in  New  York,  then 
opposite  the  city  hall. 

When  barely  in  his  'teens,  young  Lon- 
doned  crossed  the  plains  in  an  immigrant 
train  and  landed  in  Denver  in  1859,  one  of 
the  first  of  the  hardy  pioneers  who,  by  their 
own  efforts,  were  to  carve  out  an  empire 
in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region. 

In  those  days  mere  boys  were  called 
upon  to  do  a  man's  work,  and  young  Lon- 
doner was  no  exception.  Responsibilities 
were  thrust  upon  him  and  as  time  pro- 
gressed his  field  of  operations  constantly  ex- 
tended. He  had  gone  into  the  employ  of 
Hanauer,  Dold  &  Company,  government  con- 
tractors and  was  stationed  first  at  their  Den- 
ver store.  In  1860,  he  was  sent  to  Canon 
City,  where  he  built  the  first  stone  ware- 
house in  that  section  of  Colorado.  From  that 
place  he  went  to  California  Gulch,  upon  the 
site  of  which  later  sprang  the  magic  city 
of  Leadville.  Here  he  remained  three  years. 
He  was  then  sixteen  years  of  age.  A  St. 
Louis  merchant  who  had  watched  the  mental 
growth  of  the  youth  backed  his  confidence 
in  the  young  pioneer's  honesty  and  ability 
by  staking  him  to  a  trainload  of  goods,  and 
in  1864  he  accompanied  the  train  across  the 
plains  and  opened  his  store  in  Denver. 

From  the  very  first  he  was  successful  and 
the  store  of  Wolfe  Londoner  became  known 
throughout  the  state  for  square  dealing  and 
honest  values.  When  Leadville  sprang  into 
being  he  was  quick  to  see  the  possibilities  in 
the  new  camp,  and  established  a  branch  of 
his  Denver  house.  The  Leadville  store  was 
maintained  during  the  years  of  the  Cloud 
City's  greatest  activities. 

In  1884,  Mr.  Londoner  built  the  block  on 


Arapahoe  street,  which  bears  his  name,  and 
moved  his  business  into  the  new  location, 
where  it  has  been  established  ever,  since. 

While  giving  the  strictest  attention  to 
the  details  of  his  private  business,  Mr.  Lon- 
doner showed  himself  at  all  times  to  be  a 
public-spirited  citizen,  keenly,  alive  to  the 
duties  and  responsibilities  of.  citizenship.  He- 
has  been  honored  many  times  with  positions 
of  trust  and  to  these  was  ever  faithful. 

While  still  a  boy  under  the  legal  age,  he 
was  made  the  first  treasurer  of  Fremont 
county.  When  he  arrived  at  California 
Gulch  and  the  prospectors  and  miners  of  that 
district  resolved  upon  a  form  of  government, 
they  selected  him  for  the  position  of  clerk 
and  recorder.  Later,  he  was  made  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  county  commissioners. 

He  has  served  the  citizens  of  Denver  in 
several  public  offices.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  board  of  county  commissioners  when 
the  court  house  was  built,  and  all  the  moneys 
for  construction  of  that  edifice  passed 
through  his  hands.  It  is  his  proud  and  justi- 
fiable boast  that  in  an  age  of  graft  there 
was  not  a  dollar  stolen  or  misspent  on  this 
work.  The  citizens  of  Arapahoe  county  got 
value  received  for  every  dollar  of  expendi- 
ture. 

The  reputation  he  made  for  himself 
through  these  years  of  public  and  private 
life  prompted  the  people  of  Denver  to  call 
him  to  the  mayoralty,  and  he  served  as  exec- 
utive head  of  the  city  government  during 
1889,  1890  and  1891.  He  had  been  elected 
alderman  in  1868. 

Mr.  Londoner  is  prominent  in  Masonic 
circles,  and  was  one  of  the  organizers  of 
the  Festival  of  Mountain  and  Plain. 

He  married  in  1878  Fannie  B.  Anthony 
of  Denver.  One  son,  Herman,  and  three 
daughters,  Fannie  B.,  wife  of  E.  R.  Corning, 
engineer  of  the  Boston  Subway,  Ruth 
Frances  and  Dorothy  Jane,  were  born  to 
them. 


GEORGE  W.  BOWEN. 


"DO WEN,  GEORGE  W.,  capitalist,  born  in 
Centerville,  Iowa,  April  8,  1866,  was  the 
son  of  Charles  Willard  (born  March  6,  1838, 
died  July  18,  1902)  and  Anna  W.  (Boyles) 
Bowen.  He  was  educated  in  the  public 
schools  of  his  native  town,  and  then  started 
out  to  make  his  own  way  in  the  world.  He 
is  a  self  made  man,  rising  to  prominence  in 
business  through  his  own  energy  and  enter- 
prise, until  now  he  is  at  the  head  of  many  of 
the  leading  industries  of  the  state.  He  came 
to  Colorado  in  1887,  and  became  connected 
with  the  Colorado  Supply  Company  at  Rouse, 
in  1889.  He  remained  in  its  employ,  being  a 
subsidiary  company  of  the  Colorado  Fuel  & 
Iron  Company,  until  1895.  From  1895,  until 
1903,  he  was  in  the  service  of  the  Colorado 
Fuel  &  Iron  Company  and  some  of  its  sub- 
sidiary corporations.  Since  1903,  he  has  been 
connected  with  the  Victor-American  Fuel 
Company  and  its  predecessors. 

Step  by  step  from  one  field  of  enterprise 
to  another,  he  has  risen  in  the  Colorado  busi- 


ness world,  until  now  he  is  president  of  the 
following  companies: 

The  Victor-American  Fuel  Company. 

The  Colorado  &  Southeastern  Railroad 
Company. 

The  Western  Stores  Company. 

The  American  Fuel  Company. 

The  Mountain  Telegraph  Company. 

The  Victor-American  Power  Company. 

The  Redstone  Marble  Company. 

The  Minnequa  Town  Company. 

The  Wallace  Mining  Company. 

The  Victor  Fuel  Company. 

He  married,  Nov.  24,  1903,  in  New  York 
City,  Helen,  daughter  of  William  Hicks, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  They  have  one  child, 
Willard  Osgood  Bowen. 

At  one  time  Mr.  Bowen  resided  in  Pueblo, 
Colorado,  but  now  makes  Denver  his  home. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Denver  Club,  Denver 
Country  Club,  Traffic  Club,  and  the  Rocky 
Mountain  Club,  New  York  City. 


WILLIAM  JOHN  ROTHWELL,  M.  D. 


OTHWELL,  WILLIAM  JOHN,  M.  D., 
horn  in  Gloucester  Township,  near  Ot- 
tawa, Canada,  was  the  son  or  Thomas, 
farmer  (1808-1896),  and  Catherine  (Tomp- 
kins)  Rothwell.  The  Roth  well  family  is  of 
English  origin,  but  removed  to  Ireland, 
where  his  grandfather,  Benjamin  Rothwell, 
engaged  in  farming,  in  the  county  of  Wex- 
ford,  and  in  1800  immigrated  to  Canada. 
Locating  with  his  family,  near  Ottawa,  On- 
tario, he  resumed  his  occupation  as  a  farmer. 
Benjamin  Rothwell  also  held  some  govern- 
ment position  in  the  building  of  the  Rideau 
Canal,  and  both  he  and  his  son,  Thomas, 
participated  in  the  suppression  of  McKen- 
zie's  rebellion,  in  1837.  Catherine,  wife  of 
Thomas  Rothwell,  and  daughter  of  Peter 
and  Nancy  (Carter)  Tompkins,  was  born 
near  the  Vale  of  Avoca,  Ireland.  Her  father 
was  a  farmer,  but  removed  with  his  family 
to  Canada  in  an  early  day.  Six  sons  and 
three  daughters  comprised  the  family  of 
Thomas  and  Catherine  Rothwell,  and  of 
which  Dr.  William  J.  was  one.  Two  brothers, 
E.  J.  and  P.  D.  (q.  v.),  both  graduates  of 
the  medical  department  of  the  University  of 
Michigan,  became  practicing  physicians  in 
Denver;  Benjamin,  an  educator  in  Canada, 
and  two  other  brothers,  Samuel  and  Thomas, 
farmers,  there. 

Dr.  William  J.  Rothwell,  at  the  age  of 
thirteen,  accompanied  the  family  to  Listo- 
well,  County  Perth,  Ontario,  where  he  at- 
tended the  common  schools,  and  later  pre- 
pared for  college  at  Rockwood,  Canada.  In 
1869,  he  entered  the  medical  department  of 
the  University  of  Michigan,  but  was  com- 


pelled, for  lack  of  funds,  to  discontinue  his 
studies  there,  at  the  end  of  the  year.  In 
1870,  he  went  to  Idaho,  and  was  appointed 
principal  of  the  Idaho  City  school,  continu- 
ing in  same  for  two  years,  also  studying 
medicine,  as  time  would  permit.  He  entered 
Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  in 
1872,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1873, 
with  the  degree  of  M.  D.,  and  took  a  post- 
graduate course  at  Bellevue  Medical  College, 
New  York.  While  in  Boise  county,  Idaho, 
he  was  superintendent  of  education  from 
1881  to  1887. 

He  began  the  practice  of  medicine  with 
Dr.  Pease,  at  Menominee,  Wisconsin.  In 
1887,  he  came  to  Denver,  and  also  became  as- 
sociated with  the  Gross  Medical  College,  in 
which  he  was  professor  of  chemistry  and, 
later,  of  neurology,  then  of  medicine  in  the 
Denver-Gross  Medical  College,  and  is  now 
professor  of  medicine  in  the  medical  depart- 
ment of  the  University  of  Colorado. 

Dr.  Rothwell  is  a  contributor  to  medical 
journals ;  is  a  member  of  the  American  Med- 
ical Association,  and  the  Denver  Medical 
Society,  of  which  he  was  president  in  1904, 
and  is  a  prominent  Mason. 

He  married,  at  Idaho  City,  Idaho,  Octo- 
ber 8,  1874,  Miss  Clara  Galbraith,  born  in 
Shasta,  California,  daughter  of  Stephen  Gal- 
braith, a  native  of  Hamilton,  Ontario,  and 
a  '49er  in  California.  They  have  four  sons, 
all  living:  William  Herbert,  M.  D.,  Salt 
Lake  City ;  Matthew  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Tellu- 
ride;  Walter  Peter,  and  Stephen  Gainsford. 
A  daughter,  Anna,  died  in  infancy. 


PETER  D.  ROTHWELL,  M.  D. 


OTHWELL,  PETER  D.,  M.  D.,  born  in 
Gloucester  Township,  Ontario,  near 
Ottawa,  Canada,  March  5,  1849,  is  the  son 
of  Thomas,  born  March  10,  1809,  died  Janu- 
ary 19,  1896,  and  Catherine  (Tompkins) 
Rothwell.  He  is  of  Anglo-Irish  descent.  His 
grandfather,  Benjamin  Rothwell,  came  from 
County  Wexford,  Ireland,  to  Ottawa,  Can- 
ada. Dr.  Roth  well's  father  and  grand- 
father made  the  first  brick  in  Ottawa.  They 
were  prominent  in  assisting  to  suppress  the 
McKenzie  rebellion. 

When  Dr.  Rothwell  was  five  years  of  age, 
his  father's  family  moved  to  what  was  then 
known  as  "Queen's  Bush,"  a  term  that  was 
applied  to  that  part  of  Ontario,  comprised 
in  the  County  of  Perth,  and  those  adjoin- 
ing. There  his  father  established  a  new 
home.  Having  obtained  a  good  English  edu- 
cation, he  began  teaching  when  but  little 
more  than  fifteen,  in  the  fall  of  1864.  After 
teaching  two  or  three  years,  he  entered  the 
Normal  School  in  Toronto,  from  which  he 
was  graduated  in  1867.  Then,  after  resum- 
ing the  profession  of  a  teacher  for  nearly 
five  years  in  Canada,  he  was  engaged  by 
Bishop  Tuttle  of  Salt  Lake  City,  to  take 
charge  of  the  St.  Michael  Parish  school,  at 
Boise,  Idaho,  which  he  opened  September 
4,  1871.  He  was  at  the  head  of  this  school 
four  years,  his  vacations  being  occupied  in 
surveying.  Having  become  thrifty  and 
saving,  he  loaned  his  spare  earnings  to  one 
who  became  a  bankrupt.  Thus,  at  the  very 
time  that  he  was  intending  to  begin  the 
study  of  medicine,  he  was  compelled  to  re- 
sume his  work  as  a  teacher,  obtaining  a  posi- 
tion at  Baker  City,  Oregon.  His  vacations 
were  spent  in  mining.  Returning  from  Baker 
City,  and  while  teaching  in  Idaho,  he  stud- 
ied medicine  with  his  brother,  Dr.  W.  J. 
Rothwell,  now  of  Denver,  but  then  a  resi- 
dent of  Placerville,  Idaho.  In  1879,  he 
entered  the  University  of  Michigan,  from 


which  he  received  his  degree  of  M.  D.  in  1881, 
being  the  historian  of  his  class,  which  num- 
bered ninety-nine.  During  his  college  course, 
he  spent  his  vacations  in  the  study  of  medi- 
cine with  his  brother,  Dr.  E.  J.  Rothwell,  of 
Ithaca,  New  York.  While  residing  in  Can- 
ada, he  had  also  served  as  a  volunteer  and  a 
private  in  Ontario,  in  the  Twenty-eighth 
battalion. 

Dr.  Rothwell  came  to  Denver  in  1881. 
He  makes  a  specialty  of  diseases  of  the  kid- 
neys. Unsolicited,  there  came  to  him  the 
appointment  by  President  Cleveland,  as  pen- 
sion examiner.  He  was  one  of  the  organ- 
izers of  the  Gross  Medical  College.  Dr. 
Rothwell  wrote  a  pamphlet  on  the  Colorado 
climate,  correcting  errors  prevalent  in  the 
east,  as  to  the  effect  of  this  climate  on  cer- 
tain diseases.  He  also  wrote  a  pamphlet  on 
"Oxygen  as  Therapeutic  Agent;"  also  in- 
vented a  valuable  apparatus  now  employed 
in  its  manufacture  and  use. 

In  1871,  he  joined  the  Independent  Order 
Odd  Fellows,  of  which  he  is  Past  Grand  and 
Veteran.  In  1891,  he  became  a  member  of 
the  Ancient  Order  of  United  Workmen,  of 
which  he  is  Past  Master  Workman.  He  is 
a  member  of  the  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
American  Medical  Association,  Colorado 
State  Medical  Society,  and  the  city  and 
county  societies,  and  is  a  vestryman  of  St. 
Peter's  church. 

Dr.  Rothwell,  after  passing  through  the 
many  vicissitudes  and  hardships  from  Can- 
ada to  Nome,  Alaska,  and  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain region  of  the  United  States,  has  become 
one  of  the  self-made  men  of  the  west,  and 
has  attained  a  high  position  in  the  practice 
of  his  profession. 

Dr.  Rothwell  married  in  Denver,  Colo- 
rado, in  October,  1885,  Mrs.  Bishop,  nee  Miss 
Rosalie  King,  who  died  in  February,  1906. 
In  January,  1907,  he  married  Mrs.  Houghton, 
nee  Miss  Carie  V.  Wier. 


Acknowledgments 


In  the  preparation  of  this  volume  reference  was   made   to,   and   acknowledgement   is   hereby 
made  and  credit  given  the  following  publications: 


HISTORY  OF  COLORADO, 
By  General  Frank  Hall. 

HISTORY  OF  COLORADO, 
By  William  N.  Byers. 

HISTORY  OF  DENVER, 
By  Jerome  C.  Smiley. 

HISTORICAL  WORKS  OF 
H.  H.  Bancroft. 

THE  MAKING  OF  COLORADO, 
By  Eugene  Parsons. 

DENVER  AND  VICINITY. 
HISTORY  OF  DENVER. 

HISTORY   OF   CLEAR   CREEK  AND   BOULDER 
VALLEYS,   COLORADO. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  ARKANSAS  VALLEY,  COLO- 
RADO. 

THE  PROVINCE  AND  THE  STATES. 
MAGAZINE  OF  WESTERN  HISTORY. 

NATIONAL   CYCLOPAEDIA  OF   AMERICAN   BI- 
OGRAPHY. 

WHO'S  WHO  IN  AMERICA. 
WHO'S  WHO  IN  FINANCE. 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY  OF  NORTH  AMER- 
ICAN INDIANS, 

By  Samuel  G.  Drake. 

COLONIAL   RECORDS. 
FAMILY   GENEALOGIES. 
PUBLIC  DOCUMENTS. 
NEWSPAPER  FILES. 

Photographs  by — 

Barton  J.  Holyer, 
The  Kirkland  Studio, 
B.  S.  Hopkins. 


—417— 


INT>EX   TO   BIOGRATHIES 


Page 

Adams,  Alva   76 

Alexander,  Hugh  John 212 

Argall,   Philip   234 

Ashley,  Eli  Melville 244 

Bartels,  Gustave  Charles 364 

Earth,  William  180 

Beaman,  David  Crichton 272 

Bennett,  Horace  Wilson 224 

Berger,  William  B 228 

Best,  John  David 174 

Blackmer,  Henry  Myron 186 

Blayney,  William  Nassau  Walker 306 

Blood,  James  Herbert 382 

Boettcher,  Charles 150 

Bowen,  George  W 414 

Bowen,  Thomas  M 106 

Bridaham,   Lester  Burbank 348 

Briggs,  Frank  Newton 252 

Brown,  Henry  Cordes 176 

Brown,  James  Henry 330 

Brown,  James  Joseph 262 

Brown,  James  Sidney 222 

Brown,  Junius  Flagg 168 

Brunton,  David  William -. .  220 

Buchtel,  Henry  Augustus 92 

Byers,  William  Newton 368 


Page 

Eaton,  Benjamin  Harrison 74 

Eicholtz,  Leonard   Henry 264 

Elbert,  Samuel  Hitt 66 

Elliott,  Ezra  Taylor 394 

Evans,  John    58 

Field,  Edward  Bell 326 

Fisher,  William  Garrett 124 

Flower,  John  Sebastian 316 

Foster,  John  M'Ewen,  M.  D 336 

Franklin,   Charles  Wesley 242 

Friederich,   Peter  J 408 

Friedman,  William  Sterne  (Rabbi) 396 

Gaylord,  Paul  B.    378 

Gilluly,  Joseph   William 270 

Gilmore,  Rodelphus  Howard 296 

Gilpin,   William    56 

Goddard,  Luther  M 406 

Goldsborough,  Winder  Elwell 196 

Good,  John  236 

Goodell,  Roswell  Eaton 268 

Grant,  James  Benton 72 

Guggenheim,  Meyer   172 

Guggenheim,  Simon    112 

Guiterman,  Franklin   164 

Gunter,  Julius  Caldeen 250 


Caldwell,  James  Neville 402 

Campion,  John  Francis 156 

Carlin,  Patrick  Vincent,  M.D 388 

Cass,  Alfred  Curtis 130 

Cass,  Oscar  David,  M.D 218 

Cass,  Oscar  David,  Jr 322 

Chaffee,  Jerome  B 98 

Chappell,  Delos  Allen 146 

Cheesman,   Walter  Scott 134 

Chilcott,  George  M 102 

Childs,  Samuel  Beresford,  M.  D 342 

Cooper,  Job  Adams 78 

Coors,  Adolph  Herman  Joseph 258 

Cornforth,  Arthur   398 

Crebbin,  Alfred   338 

Cummings,  Alexander   60 

Curtis,  Leonard  Eager 246 

Curtis,  Rodney   188 

Cuthbert,  Lucius  Montrose 194 

Downing,  Warwick  Miller 334 

Dutton,  Samuel  Frederick 400 


Hall,  Josiah  Newhall,  M.  D 332 

Hallack,  Charles    136 

Hallack,  Erastus  F 190 

Hallett,  Moses 120 

Harrison,  William  B 294 

Hayt,   Charles   Denison 118 

Helm,  Joseph   Church llo 

Hill,   Crawford    280 

Hill,  Nathaniel  Peter 100 

Hodges,  WTilliam  V 312 

Hughes,  Charles  James,  Jr 114 

Humphreys,  Albert  Edmund 292 

Hunt,  Alexander  Cameron 62 

Iliff,  John  Wesley 282 

Irby,  John  St.  John 380 

James,  Harry  C 344 

James,  William  Henry 202 

Johnson,  Charles  Alfred 266 

Johnson,  Charles  Scott 138 

Joslin,   John   Jay 208 


— 418— 


Page 

Kassler,  Edward  Stebbins 374 

Kassler,  George  W 284 

Kilpatrick,  James  G 288 

Kountze,  Charles  Brewer 152 

Kuner,   Maximilian    256 

Kuykendall,  John  Montgomery 308 

Leonard,   William   Henry 356 

Lewis,   Aaron  Dennison 290 

Londoner,  Wolfe    412 

Loveland,   Francis   William 390 

Loveland,   William  Austin   Hamilton 278 

Lyman,  Charles  Baldwin,  M.  D 310 

Maxwell,  John  Mills 200 

McCook,  Edward  Moody 64 

McCullough,  George   392 

McDermott,  George  Lawrence,  M.  D 298 

McDonald,  Jesse  Fuller 90 

Mclntire,   Albert  Washington 82 

McKinnie,   James   Renwick 206 

McNeil,  John  Lloyd 184 

Mears,   Otto   232 

Meek,  Channing  Frank 214 

Minium,  Abram  Emerson 300 

Mitchell,  John  Clark 352 

Moff at,  David  Halliday 128 

Moffat,  Frederick  Gowie 304 

Morey,  Chester  Stephen 132 

Morgan,    Edward    Broadbent 372 

Morgan,  Samuel  B 314 

Mullen,   James   Kernan 154 

Neef,  Frederick  Fredolin 260 

Newton,   Whitney    170 

Nicholson,  Samuel  Danforth 240 

Orahood,  Harper  M 210 

Orman,    James    Bradley 86 

Osgood,  John  Cleveland 227 

Owen,  William  Roland 162 

Parker,  Alexis  du  Pont 140 

Patterson,  Thomas  MacDonald 110 

Peabody,  James  Hamilton 88 

Penrose,    Spencer    204 

Phipps,   Lawrence   Cowle 142 

Pitkin,  Frederick  Walter 70 

Pitkin,   Robert   James 386 

Porter,  Henry  M 366 

Potter,  Thomas  Hale. .           230 


Page 

Ravenscroft,  William  Thornburg 354 

Roller,  William  Wallace 410 

Rothwell,  Peter  D.,  M.  D 416 

Rothwell,  William  John,  M.  D 415 

Routt,  John  Long 68 

Schenck,   Charles  Meigs 248 

Schirmer,  Godfrey  238 

Seerie,  David  Duff 254 

Shafroth,  John  Franklin 94 

Sheedy,  Dennis  126 

Smith,  Milton   340 

Speer,   Robert  Walter 362 

Springer,  John  Wallace 358 

Springer,   William   Melville 376 

Stearns,  Thomas  Beale 346 

Steele,  Robert  W 54 

Steele,  Robert  Wilbur 286 

Stephens,  Henry  Joseph 404 

Swallow,  George  Ransom 302 

Symes,  George  Gifford 370 

Tabor,  Horace  Austin  Warner 104 

Teller,  Henry  Moore 96 

Thatcher,  Joseph  Addison 122 

Thomas,  Charles  Spalding 84 

Toll,  Charles  Hansen 182 

Tritch,  George 276 

Vaile,  Joel   Frederick 144 

Vaille,  Frederick  Ozni 198 

Waite,  Davis  Hansen 80 

Walsh,   Thomas  F 328 

Warren,  Henry  White  (Bishop) 274 

Waterman,  Charles  W 166 

Welborn,  Jesse  Floyd 179 

Welch,    Charles   Clark 148 

Welch,  Charles  Clark,  Jr.  318 

Whitted,  Elmer  Ellsworth 350 

Wight,  Frederick  Dearborn 324 

Wilkins,  James  Herbert 360 

Williams,  Edward  Wynne 216 

Wilson,  Andrew  Duncan 320 

Wolcott,   Edward  Oliver 108 

Wolcott,  Henry  Roger 158 

Wood,  Samuel  Newell 160 

Yeaman,  Caldwell   192 

Young,  Francis  Crissey .' 384 


—419- 


r  T"T9» 


